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RECONSTRUCTION (1865-1877)
| |Lincoln’s 10% Plan |Presidential Reconstruction |Congressional Reconstruction |
| |(1863 – April 1865)) |(Andrew Johnson) |(Radical Republicans) |
| | |(April-December 1865) |(1866-1877) |
|Status of South |South never left Union |South never left Union |South is conquered territory |
| |Secession illegal & impossible |Secession illegal & impossible | |
|Power to Implement|President! |President! |Congress alone had power to bring southern states back into Union |
|Recon. |He had Constitutional power to pardon south | | |
| |and restore proper relationship with Union | | |
|Philosophy of |To regain South’s loyalty, offered lenient |Lenient terms |Southern states forfeited their rights upon secession. Now they are like new territories. Punish |
|Recon. |terms | |South severely to deter future challenges to federal authority. |
|Features and |** All southerners (except Confederate |Continued most of Lincoln’s Plan |**Majority of population in state must take oath of allegiance to the Union to become a state |
|Conditions of Plan|military and civilian leaders) would be given| |again. Allegiance requires: |
| |amnesty and restoration of property upon | |- accepting black citizenship (14th Amendment) |
| |taking oath of allegiance to Union | |- accepting black suffrage (15th Amendment) |
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| |**When 10% of voters in a state (who had | |**Excluded ALL Confederate office holders and those who voluntarily bore arms against the Union |
| |voted in 1860) took the oath of allegiance, | |(80%) from serving as representatives or voting. |
| |they could form legal governments | | |
| | | |**Put 20,000 troops in South with military governors. |
| |**State Constitutions had to: | | |
| |-Recognize abolition of slavery | |**Freedman’s Bureau to provide welfare and education to former slaves. However, no permanent land|
| |-Reject nullification and secession | |redistribution which creates sharecropping and tenant farming. |
| |-Renounce Confederate debts | | |
|Plan for Freed |Primary concern: reunite with Southern |Added an agreement to abolish slavery but no mention |** Freedman’s Bureau services. |
|Blacks |states. No mention of black suffrage |of black suffrage | |
|Outcome/ |Lincoln assassinated before plan implemented |** By 1866, white southerners had reestablished all |*Civil Rights Act of 1866 |
|Results | |state governments and elected prominent ex |*Reconstruction Amendments to Constitution (13th, 14th, 15th) |
| | |Confederates as Congressmen. |*Radical Republicans fear Northern and Southern Democrats would control Congress. |
| | |**Black Codes | |
| | |**Impeachment of Johnson | |
RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS
|13TH AMENDMENT |14TH AMENDMENT |15TH AMENDMENT |
|December 18 1865 |July 28, 1868 |March 30, 1870 |
|Section I: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a |Section I: All persons born or naturalized in the United States and |Section I: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not |
|punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, |subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States |be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of|
|shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their |and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any|race, color, or previous condition of servitude. |
|jurisdiction |law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the | |
| |United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty |Section II: The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by |
|Section II: Congress shall have power to enforce this article by |or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within |appropriate legislation. |
|appropriate legislation. |its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. | |
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| |Section V: The Congress shall have power to enforce by appropriate | |
| |legislation, the provisions of this article. | |
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WHAT WAS AT STAKE DURING RECONSTRUCTION?
NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM?
WHAT DID THE CIVIL WAR SETTLE?
WAS RECONSRUCTION A FAILURE?
WHAT ROLE DID BLACKS PLAY IN RECONSTRUCTION?
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