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RECONSTRUCTION (1865-1877)

| |Lincoln’s 10% Plan |Presidential Reconstruction |Congressional Reconstruction |

| |(1863 – April 1865)) |(Andrew Johnson) |(Radical Republicans) |

| | |(April-December 1865) |(1866-1877) |

|Status of South |South never left Union |South never left Union |South is conquered territory |

| |Secession illegal & impossible |Secession illegal & impossible | |

|Power to Implement|President! |President! |Congress alone had power to bring southern states back into Union |

|Recon. |He had Constitutional power to pardon south | | |

| |and restore proper relationship with Union | | |

|Philosophy of |To regain South’s loyalty, offered lenient |Lenient terms |Southern states forfeited their rights upon secession. Now they are like new territories. Punish |

|Recon. |terms | |South severely to deter future challenges to federal authority. |

|Features and |** All southerners (except Confederate |Continued most of Lincoln’s Plan |**Majority of population in state must take oath of allegiance to the Union to become a state |

|Conditions of Plan|military and civilian leaders) would be given| |again. Allegiance requires: |

| |amnesty and restoration of property upon | |- accepting black citizenship (14th Amendment) |

| |taking oath of allegiance to Union | |- accepting black suffrage (15th Amendment) |

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| |**When 10% of voters in a state (who had | |**Excluded ALL Confederate office holders and those who voluntarily bore arms against the Union |

| |voted in 1860) took the oath of allegiance, | |(80%) from serving as representatives or voting. |

| |they could form legal governments | | |

| | | |**Put 20,000 troops in South with military governors. |

| |**State Constitutions had to: | | |

| |-Recognize abolition of slavery | |**Freedman’s Bureau to provide welfare and education to former slaves. However, no permanent land|

| |-Reject nullification and secession | |redistribution which creates sharecropping and tenant farming. |

| |-Renounce Confederate debts | | |

|Plan for Freed |Primary concern: reunite with Southern |Added an agreement to abolish slavery but no mention |** Freedman’s Bureau services. |

|Blacks |states. No mention of black suffrage |of black suffrage | |

|Outcome/ |Lincoln assassinated before plan implemented |** By 1866, white southerners had reestablished all |*Civil Rights Act of 1866 |

|Results | |state governments and elected prominent ex |*Reconstruction Amendments to Constitution (13th, 14th, 15th) |

| | |Confederates as Congressmen. |*Radical Republicans fear Northern and Southern Democrats would control Congress. |

| | |**Black Codes | |

| | |**Impeachment of Johnson | |

RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS

|13TH AMENDMENT |14TH AMENDMENT |15TH AMENDMENT |

|December 18 1865 |July 28, 1868 |March 30, 1870 |

|Section I: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a |Section I: All persons born or naturalized in the United States and |Section I: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not |

|punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, |subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States |be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of|

|shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their |and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any|race, color, or previous condition of servitude. |

|jurisdiction |law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the | |

| |United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty |Section II: The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by |

|Section II: Congress shall have power to enforce this article by |or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within |appropriate legislation. |

|appropriate legislation. |its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. | |

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| |Section V: The Congress shall have power to enforce by appropriate | |

| |legislation, the provisions of this article. | |

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WHAT WAS AT STAKE DURING RECONSTRUCTION?

NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM?

WHAT DID THE CIVIL WAR SETTLE?

WAS RECONSRUCTION A FAILURE?

WHAT ROLE DID BLACKS PLAY IN RECONSTRUCTION?

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