AP European History - East Aurora



AP European History

The Reformation

(1500 – 1648)

Martin Luther in 1529

by

Lucas Cranach

Study Guide

Palmer Chapters 2 & 3

PROTESTANT REFORMATION

9. The Reformation (pp. 77 - 93):

1. What were the sources of dissatisfaction that contributed to the religious upheaval?

2. What was so revolutionary about Luther on religious authority? What political support did he find for his program?

3. How did Lutheranism become involved in social upheaval?

4. How was Calvinism similar to, and different than, Lutheranism?

5. Explain the special course of the Reformation in England.

6. How did religious roles in this era affect

a. The role of women in society?

b. Attitudes about marriage and family?

COUNTER REFORMATION

10. Catholicism Reformed and Reorganized (pp. 93 - 98):

1. Explain the purposes, nature, and accomplishments of the Council of Trent.

2. What is the difference between the Catholic and Counter Reformation?

3. What role did the Jesuits play in leading the Catholic Reformation?

CHANGING SOCIAL STRUCTURES

13. Changing Social Structures (pp. 114-121):

1. Why did new economic classes emerge in the early sixteenth century? What effect did the economic changes of the sixteenth century have upon each class? ?

2. What accounted for the new demand for education? What provisions were made for the education of girls?

3. Why did the economic changes of these years affect the rural classes of eastern Europe and of western Europe differently?

CATHOLIC SPAIN

14. The Crusade of Catholic Spain: The Dutch and English (p.121-130):

1. Why did Philip II regard himself as a champion of Spanish national interests and an international figure? Why was Spain ideally suited to be the instrument of his ambitions?

2. Describe and characterize the general state of political and religious affairs in Europe in the first years of Phillip’s reign? What conflict existed between religious and national loyalties?

3. How permanent were the triumphs of Philip and of the Catholic cause in the years 1567 to 1572?

4. Explain the political, economic, and religious factors that entered into the revolt of the Netherlands. How did the revolt merge with the international political and religious struggles in Europe?

5. Analyze the reasons for Spain’s decline.

FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION

15: The Disintegration and Reconstruction of France (pp. 130-135)

1. To what extent had the monarchy succeeded in imposing unity on France by the second half of the sixteenth century? What is meant by the term “feudal” after the Middle Ages?

2. Describe the background, nature, and outcome of the civil and religious wars in France in the sixteenth century:

3. How did Henry IV come to the throne? Explain the meaning of “Paris is well worth a mass.”

4. How did Henry attempt to settle the religious issue? Explain the significance of his reign in building the French monarchy.

5. Assess the objectives and accomplishments of Cardinal Richelieu:

THIRTY YEARS WAR

16. The Thirty Years’ War, 1618-1648: The Disintegration … (pp. 135-144):

1. How did the Peace of Augsburg attempt to settle the religious question in the German states? What developments upset these arrangements?

2. What were the issues of the Thirty Years War? How did European rivalries and ambitions become linked to the conflict within Germany?

3. List briefly the events associated with each of the major phases of the Thirty Years War:

4. Summarize the various aspects of the Peace of Westphalia, including

a. religious settlement,

b. territorial changes, and

c. constitutional issues within the Holy Roman Empire.

5. Evaluate the broad significance of the war and the Peace of Westphalia. What seems to have been the net result of the wars of religion?

Identify:

Who? What? When? Where?

1. Diet of Worms, 1521

2. League of Schmalkald

3. Peace of Westphalia, 1648

4. Council of Trent

5. “Justification by faith”

6. Indulgences

7. Ninety-Five Theses

8. Peasant’s Revolt

9. Peace of Augsburg

Institutes of Christian Religion

10. “Predestination”

11. Act of Supremacy

12. St. Ignatius Loyola

13. Index of Prohibited Books

14. Society of Jesus

15. “defenestration of Prague”

16. Edict of Restitution

17. Gustavus Adolphus

18. “German liberties”

19. Union of Utrect

20. Sir Francis Drake

21. Politiques

22. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

23. Edict of Nantes

24. parlement

25. Estates-General

26. Peace of Alais

27. Twelve Years’ Truce

28. Spanish Armada

29. Cardinal Richelieu

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