Chapter 4 Electrolytes Acid-Base (Neutralization) Oxidation-Reduction ...
Chapter 4 Electrolytes Acid-Base (Neutralization) Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
Dr. Sapna Gupta
Types of Reactions
Two classifications: one how atoms are rearrangement and the other is chemical reaction
1) Atomic Rearrangement
? Synthesis (combination): two substances combine to form one.
2Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s) ? Double Displacement: A reaction in which two elements displaces two elements.
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) ? Single displacement: A reaction where one element displaces one other element.
Zn(s) + CuSO4 (aq) ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
? Decomposition: A reaction in which a single compound reacts to give two or more substances.
2HgO(s) 2Hg(l) + O2(g) 2) Chemical Classification: Types of Chemical Reactions
Precipitation Reactions: where a solid is formed when two solutions are mixed.
Neutralization Reactions: when an acid and base react to from salt and water.
Oxidation?Reduction Reactions: addition or removal of oxygen and/or transfer of electrons.
Dr. Sapna Gupta/Electrolytes-Neutralization-Redox
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Strong Acids
These acids dissociate completely
Dr. Sapna Gupta/Electrolytes-Neutralization-Redox
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Neutralization Reactions (acid-base)
Acids
Bases
Arrhenius Acid A substance that produces hydrogen ions, H+, when dissolved in water.
Arrhenius Base A substance that produces hydroxide ions, OH-, when dissolved in water.
Br?nsted?Lowry Acid
The species (molecule or ion) that donates a proton, H+, to another species in a proton-transfer reaction.
Br?nsted?Lowry Base The species (molecule or ion) that accepts a proton, H+, from another species in a proton-transfer reaction.
Sour
Bitter
Corrosive
Caustic, slippery
pH value 1-7
pH value 7-14
Strong acids (inorganic acids) ? ionize Strong bases (inorganic bases) ?
completely in water, e.g.: HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4, HCl, HBr, HI
ionize completely in water; most are hydroxides, e.g.: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2
Weak acids ? ionize partially in water, Weak bases? ionize partially in water,
e.g. HF Organic acid: HC2H3O2 (CH3COOH)
e.g.: NH4OH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3 organic bases: CH3NH2
Dr. Sapna Gupta/Electrolytes-Neutralization-Redox
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Common Acids and Bases
Dr. Sapna Gupta/Electrolytes-Neutralization-Redox
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