Http://bcsberlin - Central Islip Union Free School District
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When in doubt... check it out. Find up to date help online at owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/658/01
1. ____ Choose a topic and consider a thesis! Thesis: What’s
your point? What are you going to research about that topic?
2. ____ Gather information
Go to the Library. Librarians are happy to help, ask!
Types of sources:
Online LEGITIMATE Resources – NO WIKIPEDIA!!! ANYONE can edit it! Don’t just type your topic in Google and use the first site that comes up! You may end up getting directed to Bob’s false facts page. The websites must have a copyright and author or credible organization that takes responsibility. (Ex. © 2008 Harborcrest Company) URLs ending in .org, .gov or .edu are good options. Check the bottom of the webpage as soon as it opens, so you don’t waste your time!
|1. |6. SLS Click “Virtual Reference”, then ‘High School|
| |Collection”, then a category that might have your topic. Username =|
|2. |Central Islip, password= cihs |
| |7. |
|3.memory.ammem/index.html | |
|4. | |
|5. | |
Books –Each topic is together. Look up your topic on the search engine for the library (by last name if it’s a person). The book will have a number like 941.86. The library is organized from 100’s to 900’s in 2 sections. Reference – books you can’t leave with or regular –books you can. Look at both.
Encyclopedias – (Collier’s, Britannica, World Book, etc.) Alphabetical. The first one might cover Aardvarks – Benson, Charles. If your topic is balloons, look here.
Magazine Articles – There are binders. Each has articles on a general topic. Example: Healthcare, Family, Science. If your topic is tornadoes, which binder would you look in?
____ Print online sources, and keep the ENTIRE print out - you'll need the author or
editor, title, site name, edition or version, site owner or sponsor, date of publication,
and the date you accessed the site, otherwise it’s PLAGIARISM which is illegal and can get you kicked out of school!)
Photocopy useful pages from books, magazines, and encyclopedias. AND photocopy the title page AND copyright page. -> This gives you the info you need to give credit to the source, these pages are in the front of a book, and look like this:
Staple each source. Your Works Cited (formerly called Bibliography), will need at least one source per length of assignment. A 5 page paper usually needs at least 5 sources.
3. ____ Choose your facts. UNDERLINE or HIGHLIGHT complete sentences that support your thesis, or argue against it, so you can look brilliant by refuting it! It's important to acknowledge different opinions, then explain why you're still right!
Have at least 3 researched facts or quotes per page length of paper. A 5 page paper should have at least 15 researched bits of evidence. If you are lacking facts/quotes, go get another source.
4. ____ Outline. See different ways to outline on my website. I like this way. Number the highlighted information.
1. - Introductory info (birth info, oldest, beginnings, etc.) that will introduce the reader to your point
2. - All the “meat” or interesting highlights, facts, middle parts of a life, etc.
3. - All the end info (old age or death, how something came to an end, most recent info, current updates etc.)
Then, breakdown each # into separate topics A, B, C. to represent paragraphs. You can even take it a step further and breakdown those!
5. ____ Confirm your thesis. Write a complete sentence that takes a stand on your topic. What's your point?
6. ____ Start Writing!
✓ ____ Always Type
✓ ___Double-space. Press format on the top toolbar, then paragraph, then in the gray box, change line spacing from “single” to “double,” hit ok.
✓ ______ Margins Keep your sides, top, and bottom 1 inch (it should already be that way)
✓ ______ Insert header with Page # in upper right corner. Click “Insert” Then, “header.” Choose one that includes page number. Type your last name next to it.
7. ____ First Page No cover page. On the first page in the top left corner, type
1. Your name
2. Instructor
3. Course title
4. Date of submission
Then, center the title EX.-----(
8. _____ The Introduction. Use a true, attention grabbing first sentence that relates to your thesis. Then, briefly state the major points you plan to cover. Finish the intro with your thesis. Do NOT use the word "you." This is not a letter.
STEP 2 – Choose a shocking fact, more general idea, or anecdote (quick story) that connects with your thesis and will make the reader want to read your paper. Ex. More general idea – Children love to be entertained.
STEP 3 - Connect your interest grabbing sentence to your thesis by discussing how they are related. Ex. They can actually watch TV for several hours at a time without getting bored. But, the problem with this is that parents should monitor what it is their kids are watching or discuss what’s on TV with them.
STEP 1 – Your thesis (your point!) is the last sentence of your intro and summaries exactly what it is you want the reader to know about your topic by the time their done reading your paper. Ex. Parents need to start taking responsibility for what their kids watch.
9. _____ Draft your body paragraphs. Use your outline to stay on topic and keep the flow. Each body paragraph is a reason for, or example of, your point. Each should start with your own thoughts and words about the reason, then what you found to support your idea. Nearly every paragraph will include a quote or paraphrased tidbit and will require an in-text citation. That's how you'll give credit to your sources. You MUST follow the rules for writing researched facts.
RULES FOR WRITING
DO NOT COPY VERBATIM – THIS IS PLAGIARISM = 0 (F)
To Paraphrase or To Quote… That is the Question!
To correctly paraphrase, read the info you like, put it aside and write in ALL YOUR OWN WORDS what you learned. DON’T just change a few words around.
If you want to quote word-for–word, you must surround it with “Quotation marks” and capitalize the first letter. You also must introduce it with your own words and comment about it afterword with your own thoughts before starting the next paragraph.
IMPORTANT!!!!!!!
Either way, you MUST give credit to who you got the info from by using in-text citations. Usually, they go at the end of each paragraph.
10. ____ In-text citations - After you insert info you got from a source (paraphrased OR quoted), put the author’s last name and the page number where the info came from, in parentheses. Websites don’t have page numbers – so leave that out for a webpage, and encyclopedias don’t have authors – use the title Italicized and capitalized. The period goes after the parentheses.
Quote Example: From a business outlook, “communication is the oil that greases the machine and makes it run easily” (Wayne 4).
* If you mention the author in your writing, you don't need his name in the citation.
Example. Wayne states, "Communication is the oil that greases the machine and makes it run easily" (4).
Paraphrase Example It has been said that 64% of kids who grew up watching Sesame Street become early readers (Encyclopedia Britannica 129).
* If you're using one source for a whole paragraph, put the in-text citation at the end of it.
* If you use 2 sources within a paragraph, give the in-text citation for the first source right after you’re done using the first source, then use the second source followed by that source’s citation.
Ex. President Ulysses S. Grant was a brave leader. This is why he was able to become the 18th President of the United States (Jones 245). He established this reputation when he “did not negotiate on the battlefield” when he led the North to victory over the South in the Civil War (Encyclopedia Britannica 34).
✓ Block quoting: A quote longer than 3 typed lines must be indented twice, introduced with a colon, and loses the quotation marks.
Ex. Hartman supports the eating of turkey at Thanksgiving. In her book she says:
I love turkey at Thanksgiving. It is a part of an American tradition. Having Thanksgiving without eating turkey is like having a Christmas without a Christmas tree. It’s just not going to happen in my home (Hartman, 114).
11. _____ Take a stand. In your paragraphs, after you state facts, add quotes, and give credit, have an opinion about the subject! A Citation for a fact/quote in that paragraph still goes at the end.
12. ____ Use transitions between paragraphs like “Even though” “In addition” “On the contrary” “Not long after” “One example of” etc.
13. _____ Every 10 minutes, save your work! flash drive, Dropbox, or school account, etc.
How to Email yourself
Open up your email account. Click “compose” or “new”. Address it to your own email. Make the subject “my paper.” Click “attach.” Click “browse.” Find the paper in the folder you saved it. Double click it. Click “send.” Now, check your incoming mail. Open attachment. VOILA!
14. _____ Tricks!
✓ Want to use a quote, but remove a bunch of unnecessary words, use an ellipse. ... It's 3 dots. 4 if it ends a sentence.
Ex: In parts of the world, children are used to run errands and to spy.
( "In parts of the world, children are used … to spy."
or ( "In parts of the world, children are used to run errands...."
✓ When you need to change a word inside a quote from somebody else, put your own word in brackets.
Ex. “I used to believe in pink elephants” (
[Mr. Belzar] used to believe in pink elephants. (This way, it’s clear it wasn’t you)!
15. _____ Works Cited Page (MLA FORMAT) At the end of the paper, on its own page. Title it Works' Cited at the top and Center it. No underline or italics. It used to be called bibliography, but “biblio” means book, and now we use more!
✓ A list of all your sources in alphabetical order using the author’s last names. If no author, use the first letter of the title
✓ Information is gotten from the website or title page and copyright page that you photocopied for each source
✓ n.p.= no publisher online, n.d. =no date online, n.pag = no page #'s online
✓ Indent all lines after the first for each source.
✓ Have many authors? Use 3 hyphens then title Ex. ---. "Farms."
Format
Last name, First name. "Article Title." Website Magazine
or Book Title. Place of Publication: Publisher or Website, year of publication. Source Medium. Month and Year Accessed.
can help you too!
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Insert
Look carefully at the steps!
in-text
Citation
in-text Citation
Block Quote
EXAMPLE!
Works Cited
Aaronson, Harold. How Sesame Street Works. Chicago: MacMillan
Publishing Company. 2007. Print
Cain, Kevin. "The Negative Effects of Television on Children."
Media Today. n.p., June 2012. Web. Jan. 2013.
Collins, Joseph. "Kids Watch." Sesame Street Scene. The Sesame Street
Workshop. February 2008. Web. March 2013.
Encyclopedia Britannica. London: Crown Publishers, 2005.Print.
Griffith, Phillip. “How Sesame Street Changes Lives Article” Sesame
Magazine Volume 10. p 22-2. Ireland: Blarney Press, 2012.
Print.
---. "Sesame Street Economics." Science. Nov. 200: p 1283-84. Science
Online. Web. May 2009.
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