The Second Industrial Revolution: Germany



The Second Industrial Revolution: Germany

|Social/Educational Reasons |Political Reasons |Economic/Invention Reasons |

|Made in Germany" equated with "cheap and nasty" products. |The convincing success of Professor |Germany passed England by making poorer quality, but |

| |Liebig’s lab led several local governments|cheaper, industrial goods |

|Germany was a leader in scientific research, through developments|to found and maintain advanced schools for| |

|in chemistry and electricity |scientific study |Germany's polytechnic institutes produced the trained |

| | |personnel that enabled her chemical and electrical |

|Germany's polytechnic institutes produced trained personnel |Many city governments dismantled their |industries to make gigantic progress: synthesizing of |

| |ancient city walls, replacing them with |dyes and the application of electromagnetic theory. |

|The (German) invention of the dynamo brought a revolution in |wide roads around the ancient city center.| |

|electrical energy leading to the construction of power stations |Suburbs were built, providing living room |The (German) invention of the dynamo brought a |

|serving cities and towns. |for the rapidly expanding population. |revolution in electrical energy leading to the |

| | |construction of power stations serving cities and |

|The rapid increase in iron production since 1888 was due in large|The German government actively and |towns. |

|part to the development of the electrical industry |aggressively promoted economic | |

| |development. |Germany switched from exporting food-stuffs and raw |

|The employment of electrical power brought about an extensive | |materials, and importing manufactured goods; to [c. |

|building of street railways, creating a demand for steel rails. |After 1871, it issued a single currency |1905] exporting manufactured goods, and importing raw |

| |for Germany, |materials and foodstuffs. |

|It is in the electrical industry that Germany made her greatest | | |

|progress. This was the direct results of her excellent technical |It then reorganized the banking system and|In the production of pig-iron and steel, Germany had |

|schools |placed stricter controls on banks, |overtaken Great Britain and stood second only to the |

| |merchants, and entrepreneurs |United States |

|In the chemical industry Germany was easily number one in the | | |

|world due to Professor Liebig’s founding of the first chemical |Germany coordinated railroads built by the|Since 1888 the consumption of iron per capita in the |

|laboratory in 1827 |various German states in an effort to |German empire doubled, and since 1861 had increased |

| |build a strong state that could quickly |five-fold |

|The technical schools and university laboratories are the reason |and easily move goods, people, and ideas. | |

|for the nation's industrial greatness, and the whole foundation | |Germany improved: steel making, chemical products |

|of its supremacy in the chemical industry | |manufacture, and dye-stuffs and pharmaceutical |

| | |preparations, and electricity. |

|The educational methods and systems in Germany were one of the | | |

|most fundamental causes of her industrial progress | |The establishment of a network of railway lines in |

| | |the1830s until the 1850s resulted in an increased |

|The technical (universities) prepared men for the highest | |demand of coal and steel |

|positions in the industrial world, and trained men for careers of| | |

|scientific research either as professors or as laboratory | | |

|scientists in the great industries. | | |

| | | |

|Most of Germany’s progress came as a result of patient and | | |

|thorough scientific investigation. | | |

| | | |

|Regions with coal fields, such as the Ruhrgebiet, the Saar, and | | |

|Upper Silesia, quickly transformed from agricultural into | | |

|industrial regions, attracting workers from agricultural regions.| | |

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