Advanced Physiology of Exercise
Study Guide Test 1
Advanced Sport Nutrition
Review of Energy Systems and Fuel for Exercising
1. Understand the central role/function of ATP in providing energy for muscular contraction.
2. Understand the three ways (ATP-PCr, Glycolysis, Oxidation) ATP can be regenerated from ADP, ie. Where does the energy come from that allows ATP to be resynthesized?
3. Understand the role of phosphocreatine (PCr) in providing energy for muscular contraction.
4. Know how much ATP and PCr are typically stored in muscle on a time duration basis.
5. Understand the concept of free energy released when ATP splits and what this free energy is used for.
6. Understand the role of the mitochondria in producing energy for muscular contraction ie. What happens in the mitochondria? What metabolic pathways are in the mitochondria?)
7. Know the end products of carbohydrate and fat digestion and absorption. Understand the role of insulin in glucose metabolism.
8. Be able to explain the role of carbohydrates and fats in energy production for muscular contraction. Be able to follow a molecule of glucose or a fatty acid through the energy systems relative to the amount of ATP resynthesized from each.
9. Understand the role of NAD and FAD (electron carriers) in the energy systems.
10. Understand the role of glycolytic and oxidative enzymes in the energy systems.
11. Understand the flow of glucose through the energy systems to eventually produce ATP.
12. Understand the specific role of oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation, ie. Where is oxygen specifically used in the process of resynthesizing ATP?
13. Know the two major sites of glycogen storage and approximately how much is stored at each site.
14. Know approximate amounts of intramuscular and subcutaneous fat stored in humans.
15. Know and understand the role of protein in energy production for muscular activity.
16. Know the relationship between use of fuel substrate (carbohydrates and fats) and exercise intensity.
17. Understand how and why lactic acid is produced. Understand why lactate accumulation causes a decrease in performance of high intensity exercise
18. Understand the interaction of the energy systems and specifically how the systems differ in the maximal rate of ATP generation (power of the system) and the maximal available energy from the system (capacity of the system).
19. Know the range of caloric expenditure per minute that the human is capable of.
20. Be able to define fatigue and know the primary potential causes of metabolic fatigue resulting from high intensity exercise and from prolonged exercise. Know which of the potential causes of metabolic fatigue can be influenced by nutrition.
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