Unit I Test Review – Prologue & Chapter 1



Unit I Test Review – Prologue & Chapter 1(Anything found on the Reading Guides or Covered in Class is Always Eligible)History of PsychologyThe 5 waves and what makes them different from each other4 goals of psychology: describe, explain, predict, controlClinical Psych (treats patients with therapy) vs. Psychiatrist (MD, can prescribe Rx)Psychological Perspectives / Schools (What do they mean?)Biological4 main ones: Behaviorism, Psychoanalytic, Humanistic, Cognitive (most cited perspective today)Alternative / Newer ones: Family systems, Evolutionary, Biopsychosocial, Behavior Genetics, EclecticSpecific people and their theories/experiments/perspectives/accompanying wave/accomplishments (What do the theories/perspectives mean?)Socrates, Plato, BaconAristotle, Locke, with which modern perspective would they agree the most?Rene DesCartes & DualismWilhelm Wundt & IntrospectionEdward Titchner & StructuralismWilliam James & FunctionalismMax Wertheimer & Gestalt PsychologySigmund Freud & PsychoanalysisIvan Pavlov & Classical ConditioningJohn Watson (Little Albert study)BF Skinner & Operant ConditioningContemporary Science DevelopsPsychology’s 3 Main Issues Thinking Critically with Psychological ScienceHypothesis, IV, DV, operational definition, placebo, random sampling and how/why we do itTypes of Studies (Methods): Benefits / Drawbacks of each / ComparisonsCorrelation (know about + and – and their relative strengths)Which is it? Prediction or Causation, and why/how?The “survey” (problems with self-reports)Naturalistic ObservationExperimentCase StudyHawthorne effect, double and single blinds, counterbalancing, situation-relevant confounding variables, random assignment vs. random sampling, stratified samplingEthics, especially informed consent, Stanley Milgram’s Obedience studyIllusory correlation, false-consensus effects, hindsight bias, overconfidenceData measurement: mean, median, and mode, standard deviation, statistically significantValidity vs. Reliability, replicationBasic vs. Applied ResearchTypes of Psychologists, degree differencesSAMPLE QUESTIONS1. Professor Saxton was very skeptical about the findings of a recently reportedexperiment on the effects of sleep deprivation. Which technique would bestenable her to investigate the reliability of these findings?A. replicationB. naturalistic observationC. random samplingD. positive correlation2. Jeff mistakenly assumes that everybody around him enjoys listening to countrymusic just as much as he does. Jeff best illustrates:A. the false consensus effect.B. the hindsight bias.C. an illusion of control.D. random assignment.3. Which philosopher most clearly emphasized that human knowledge is heavilydependent upon sensory experience?A. PlatoB. John LockeC. René DescartesD. Immanuel Kant4. Identical twins are more similar in intelligence than are fraternal twins. This fact would be of most direct relevance to the ________ perspective.A. behavior geneticsB. social-culturalC. psychoanalyticD. evolutionaryE. cognitive5. Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of:A. conscious and unconscious mental activity.B. observable responses to the environment.C. behavior and mental processes.D. thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.E. maladaptive and adaptive behaviors.There will likely be some matching (perspectives to people, people to theories/accomplishments), fill in the blanks (key vocabulary words such as illusory correlation), and an AP Exam free response question which will be on the topic of comparing and contrasting the various types of research and which would be best for a given scenario. On the essay, you will be expected to apply several of the research concepts and terms from Chapter 1 such as IV/DV, correlation, stratified and random sampling, operational definition, situation relevant confounding variables, and so forth. ................
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