PC Maintenance Lab



Exercise # 6

Hard disk drive

Objective

▪ Record the current hard drive setup information

▪ Remove an IDE/ATA hard drive

▪ Install an IDE/ATA hard drive as master/slave configuration

▪ Create a startup disk

▪ Partition the Hard disk

▪ Format a partition

▪ Install an OS on the Hard drive

Required Tools:

▪ Antistatic Wrist strap

▪ Computer that meets HW requirement for installing Windows XP

▪ Magnifying glass

▪ An IDE hard drive installed

▪ Windows XP CD

▪ Startup disk

Safety Issues:

▪ Use Antistatic Wrist strap to protect hard drive from damage by static electricity.

▪ When removing Hard Disk put it in antistatic bags.

▪ If a hard drive is mounted inside the cage with screws, then make sure not to mix screws from the hard drive with the screws of the computer case. They should be different in length. Inserting long screws into the body of the hard disk in some cases damages the hard disk.

▪ Never force the keyed DC power connector and the keyed IDE cable into the drive.

Description of Hard Drive

The hard disk drive is a nonvolatile storage unit made of aluminum or glass platters coated with magnetic material used for storing data. That means that it does not loose its stored data when turned off.

The hard disk is composed mainly of disk platters, head arms, and the head actuator. There are several head arms placed between the disk platters reading data from above and below. The head arms move in unison, and the head actuator is the motor that moves them. The heads do not touch the platters when they are reading data, but when the HD is turned off some types of hard drives allow the heads to rest on the platters.

The hard drive’s is measured by:

▪ Storage capacities in GB or even Terabytes (i.e., 300 GB)

▪ Data transfer rate in MBps (i.e., 133 MBps)

▪ Average access Time: average seek time, how long it takes to move the heads to a particular cylinder (i.e., 3.2 ms). In addition to the latency, the average time in ms it takes for a sector to be available after the head reaches it.

▪ The average number of revolutions per minute (i.e., 7200 rpm).

Tracks and sectors:

A track is a single ring of data on one side of a disk. Tracks are divided into sectors to effectively store data. Each sector stores 512 bytes of data.

There 3 main interfaces to the hard drive:

1. IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics), and the true name for the interface actually is ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment). They can be also used to connect the CD, DVD, high capacity drives and tape drives. This type is also known as parallel ATA. Other types of parallel ATA have been created, and the most notable variation is called Enhanced IDE or Fast-ATA.

2. SATA (Serial ATA): This type of drive is supposed to take off were the Parallel ATA has arrived in terms of speed.

3. SCSI (Small Computer System Interface): It’s a general purpose interface to connect different types of devices to the computer. It’s a fast interface that can transfer data at the rate of 320 MBps or even 640 MBps compared with the parallel ATA which can transfer at speeds up to 133 MBps.

Some times it is desirable to install more hard disks to increase the storage capacity. One of the ways to do that is to install another hard drive in a master/slave configuration. To do that, jumpers on the slave drive must be set to allow for it to work as a slave.

Exercise

▪ Determine the Set up information of the hard disk in your computer:

▪ Most hard drives manufactured in the last several years automatically detect the proper settings. Auto-detection has made setting the hard drive type absolute.

▪ Enter the CMOS set up program using appropriate key.

▪ List all storage drives installed in your computer.

|Drive Type |Drive Configuration |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

▪ From Main menu, access the Primary IDE master and get appropriate geometry

Note: You may use the User Type to enter the appropriate geometry. The geometry can be located on the case of the hard drive.

Cylinders:

Heads:

Sectors:

Storage Capacity:

Manufacturer:

Interface Type:

Number of pins of Interface connector:

Power connector Type:

Number of pins of power connector:

Does it support LBA mode?

Does it support smart monitoring?

▪ Remove Hard drive from your computer:

▪ Open the computer case.

▪ If any of the expansion cards are obstructing your access to the hard drive, you need to remove them. Important: Before you remove any expansion cards, prepare a sketch that shows where each expansion card goes in the motherboard expansion slots and where any cables or wires are connected to the expansion card. On your sketch, note the pin 1 edge (the edge that has a stripe) on the cables and the colors of individual wires attached to the expansion card.

▪ Once the sketch has been completed, disconnect any wires and cables connected to the expansion cards that are obstructing your access and remove the cards one at a time. To remove a card, remove the mounting screw, grasp the expansion card with both hands, and pull upward while gently rocking the board from front to back.

▪ As soon as the expansion card is out, place it on an antistatic mat to protect against ESD.

Note: Any expansion cards that are removed must be reinstalled before you replace the computer cover.

▪ The power cable plug on the hard drive is keyed so it fits only one way, but the ribbon (data) cable can be accidentally reversed if it is not keyed. To keep this from happening, note the pin 1 position of the hard drive so you can later match it with the striped edge on the data cable when the drive is reinstalled. After you've done this, disconnect the ribbon (data) cable and power cable from the hard drive.

▪ To remove the hard drive from the computer, unbolt or release the hard drive from the drive bay and remove the drive from the computer.

▪ In another sketch, draw the hard-drive jumper block and show the current jumper settings.

[pic]

Installing another IDE Hard Drive:

▪ Research the settings for the new hard drive and record the jumper and CMOS setup information in the space provided:

Cylinders: ____________________

Heads: ____________________

Sectors: ____________________

Interface: ___________________

Capacity: ___________________

Manufacturer: ___________________

Jumper Setting: ___________________

▪ Set the jumpers on the new hard drive as primary slave. The jumper blocks may be very different.

▪ Install the new hard drive in the drive bay and attach the power cord to the hard drive. Place the drive into the drive bay and bolt it in place.

▪ Attach the ribbon cable to the hard disk drive and the hard disk controller, with the striped edge of the ribbon cable on pin 1 of the plugs. On early hard drives and on most new hard drives, the drive that is attached to the end of the ribbon cable is drive C: For some systems, the drive position on the ribbon cable does not matter.

▪ Reassemble the computer (replace the expansion cards and the cover).

Questions

1. What information do the BIOS display about the hard drives you have just installed?

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

2. Exit the BIOS and start windows. Run Windows explorer. How many hard drives do you see, and what are they labeled?

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

3. What is the brand name of the hard drive?

[pic]

[pic]

4. Draw the different jumper settings found on the top of the hard drive.

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

5. What is the total capacity of hard drives installed?

[pic]

[pic]

6. What is LBA mode?

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

7. What is Smart monitoring mode?

[pic]

[pic]

[pic]

Once you are done uninstall the hard drive, return the jumpers to the master position, and return it to the proper machine. Check if everything is running as it should.

▪ Setting CDROM as secondary slave:

▪ Open the computer case.

▪ If any of the expansion cards are obstructing your access to the CDROM drive, you need to remove them. Important: Before you remove any expansion cards, prepare a sketch that shows where each expansion card goes in the motherboard expansion slots and where any cables or wires are connected to the expansion card. On your sketch, note the pin 1 edge (the edge that has a stripe) on the cables and the colors of individual wires attached to the expansion card.

▪ Once the sketch has been completed, disconnect any wires and cables connected to the expansion cards that are obstructing your access and remove the cards one at a time. To remove a card, remove the mounting screw, grasp the expansion card with both hands, and pull upward while gently rocking the board from front to back.

▪ As soon as the expansion card is out, place it on an antistatic mat to protect against ESD.

Note: Any expansion cards that are removed must be reinstalled before you replace the computer cover.

▪ Disconnect Power connector cable and interface cable from CDROM

▪ To remove the CDROM drive from the computer, unbolt or release it from the drive bay and remove the drive from the front of the computer.

▪ In another sketch, draw the CDROM-drive jumper block and show the current jumper settings.

▪ Change the jumper setting as Slave

▪ Reconnect the ribbon cable to the CDROM disk drive and other end to the second IDE controller, with the striped edge of the ribbon cable on pin 1 of the plugs.

▪ Attach power connector

▪ Reassemble the computer (replace the expansion cards and the cover).

-----------------------

Disk platters

Head actuator

Head arm

Parallel ATA ribbon.

Serial ATA cable

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download