Transcatheter Heart Valve Replacement

Patients with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI), hypercalciuria or abnormal anatomy are predisposed to renal calculi. Treatment may be with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), nephrostomy insertion or cystoscopy (stent insertion or removal of calculi). In patients over 50 it is very important to exclude an abdominal aortic aneurysm. ................
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