Media Department | Duquesne University



Photoshopintro.doc rev 03/06/2010

Photoshop Introduction

Objectives:

• What is Photoshop?

• The Interface: Gentile overview

o The toolbox

o The Menu bar

• Selection tools

• Cropping

• Resizing images

• Introduction to selections

• Moving selections

• Cloning

What is Photoshop

• Used to create, edit raster graphics (Remember: Illustrator creates vector graphics)…raster graphics are made up of pixels

• Problems with raster graphics is they cannot be resized multiple times without losing some quality.

o Some luck reducing the image size (throws away pixels), not so much luck enlarging images.

• Use raster (aka bit-mapped) for web: JPG, PNG (best for transparency + lotsa colors), or GIF

• Use tiff format for professional printing of photographs

• Photoshop files end in .psd (Photoshop Document)

o The psd version contains the image plus Photoshop information-- Layer names, layer content, brightness adjustments etc

• Process is: Open the image (jpg usually, a photograph, for example), edit in Photoshop and save once as .psd which will have many layers, then flatten them, and save again as a jpeg, gif, png, tiff.

• Look at examples from Bert Monroy ()

o There are many thousands of layers in each image.

o Also has over 100 podcasts on how to use Photoshop

OK, now for some real work!

• Create a Photoshop folder inside InClass on your flash drive

o Download these notes and save there

• Inside Photoshop, create an Images folder

1 Download PhotoshopAssets.zip (on our web site) and unzip to your new Photoshop>Images folder

The Workspace

• Will see a Threepix.psd file….a composite of three photos I took using an old film camera, from a visit to England, then scanned in…we’ll open that next.

• Start Photoshop

• Window>Workspace>Essentials

• File>Open Threepix.psd

[pic]

• Show the rulers and switch units a few times…we did this in Dreamweaver and Illustrator

• Leave as pixels for now

• Notice the Adjustments panel…non destructive…try warming filter (Photo filter..85 or 81 ...women like the effect on their skin…looks like a tan!) , brightness adjustment …

[pic]

• Can also access the adjustment filters in the Layers panel …they are not destructive also

• Note: Nondestructive adjustments will show up as new layers, destructive adjustments won’t

[pic]

• And in Menu item: they are destructive

[pic]

• Drag adjustments you added (on the Layers panel) to trash when done

[pic]

File>Revert…takes you back to last time you saved

Proof of Rasters being pixels:

• Zoom in on the middle Stonehenge image:

o Use Ctrl+, Ctrl- or

o Use the magnifying glass and click to zoom in on an edge, Alt-click to zoom out

• To about 500%. (Look at the status bar in lower left corner)You can see the pixels! Especially along an edge

[pic]

o Ctrl- to zoom out (Or again, use zoom tool and alt-click)

Toolbox

Selection Tools, plus, a little of the menu bar

• Show the rulers

• Units =pixels

• Window>Info you will find useful…move cursor a bit to see RGB, CMYK values, X,Y coordinates

• Most of the first group of tools ( marquee, lasso and its variations, magic wand,…) are used to make selections…no more objects, just a bunch of pixels!!)

• For example, here is Magic Wand tool…select based on color:

[pic]

• Ellipse Marquee tool, rectangular selection,…

[pic]

• Lasso tools

[pic]

• There is a Move Tool to move what’s selected

[pic]

• A Crop tool

[pic]

• An Eyedropper tool…Use to select colors

[pic]

Rotating the canvas...in an Image menu item

• 90 degrees clockwise:

o Image>Image Rotation>90 degrees CW

[pic]

• Zoom in on Bath picture...magnifying glass tool or Ctrl- + or -

Practice Selecting

• Zoom in on the building you see below

• Try the Rectangular Marquee Tool to select the building

[pic]

Look for "marching ants"

• Not perfect!

[pic]

• Ctrl-Z (or History palette…Window>History and drag Rectangular Marquee step to the trashcan)

[pic]

• Try the Lasso Tool this time and again trace around the building

[pic]

• Still not very good

• Ctrl-Z

The Magnetic Lasso

[pic]

• Undo

The Quick Selection tool (Under the Magic Wand)

• First, make sure “brush” is small…I used size 13

[pic]

[pic]

Deleting part of a Selection

• Use alt-click to delete part of a selection

Adding to a selection

• Shift-click to add to a selection

• Samples:

o If you selected sky to the left, as above, click inside it and delete it using alt-click

o If you skipped a window, as above, shift-click to add it

• Final version:

[pic]

As you can see, selecting objects is difficult; you actually select the pixels that make up the image…no more objects

So, those are the main selection tools for selecting pixels

There are other methods---later

Crop tool

• First, rotate the canvas another 90 degrees so we can crop the wide shot of Stonehenge (side bar: a henge is just a large circular area, often with a ditch around it)

• Use the Crop tool so all you have is the wide shot of Stonehenge

[pic]

Draw the crop rectangle

[pic]

• Right-Click>Crop

• Or Image>Crop

Design Guideline

• Rule of thirds…very important Design Guideline

[pic]

• Goat 1/3 of the left margin

• Looking into the frame

• Head is at a "Power Point"...perfect composition

Back to the Stonehenge image

• Save as StonehengeCropped.psd

Clone Stamp tool: [pic]

Copies pixels from one location and pastes elsewhere.

• aka rubber stamp

• Zoom in

• Select the clone tool

Are going to clone the small rock and “paste” it elsewhere

[pic]

• Look at your cursor…it’s a circle now

• Alt-Click designates the source of the pixels to be copied

o You will see a cursor that looks like a bulls-eye

o Alt-click on an edge of the rock

• Now, you will see a circle

o That represents a brush and its size

o Now, paint where you want the pixels to be copied to, paying attention to the “plus” sign

[pic]

o The + tells you which pixels are being picked up..watch it as you clone

o Alt-click several times as you move around the rock..called resampling

Here is my finished clone:

[pic]

• A new rock!

The Magnetic and Move tools

• Use the magnetic lasso, select the original rock, and move it:

[pic]

• Clone the sky to fill the vacated spot

Drawing, shape tools next group

[pic]

• We’ll use the Text tool and maybe rectangle

• The final group of tools has the zoom, “hand” tools

Some Menu commands

File – usual suspects

Image

We will most often use the Image menu;

• To Rotate the canvas… did it already

• To…Resize the Image

o We can change physical size (so far we just changed how it displays, not its physical size):

• To see the dimensions of an image:

Image>Image Size

[pic]

• Resolution is 300 ppi

• And 1719 pixels/300 pixels/inch =5.73 inches

Resizing a photograph to make it smaller

• Here is one expert’s suggestion on how to use the Image menu to reduce the size of an image:

1.Choose Image> Image Size...

2. Uncheck the [ ] Resample Image checkbox.

3. Set the size in inches you want your print to be.

4. If the aspect ratio is wrong, set the smaller dimension to fit (e.g., the width to 8" for an 8x10 print).

Try using width 4”

[pic]

Be sure resample is off

• Don’t worry about the resolution

• Set Ruler units to inches to verify the size

• View>Fit on Screen

Drag the action to the trash can

Another expert says to :

• Reduce ppi to 96 (or 72)

• And change the Resample option to what you see below

[pic]

• Don’t be afraid to experiment to get the best results

• Use File>Revert to reload to the last time you saved

Image>Adjustments

[pic]

• We can change the brightness/contract as you can see from above

• I tried:

[pic]

End of Image menu item

View Menu

• Show different View options

• View>Gamut warning .

o Recall CMYK can’t print all the colors we can create on the monitor

o If you View>Gamut warning, parts of your image will turn gray…mean’s can’t print that color exactly

o Open Lake.tiff

o Now View>Gamut

[pic]

Back to Stonehenge

• View>Print Size

• View>Fit to screen

File>Save as Henge.psd (with layers, adjustments,…)

File>Save as Henge.png (why not gif? What if for print in a magazine, newspaper?)

Close the documents

Questions?

That’s it for the introduction

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