Glacier Journal Of Scientific Research



A Study on Coronavirus and its Preventive MeasuresDr. K. Ailaiah, Associate Professor, Dept. of Sociology & Social Work, University Arts & Science College, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506001,TS (ailaiah.kunta@)AbstractCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without necessitating special treatment. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease and cancer are more likely to progress grave illness.The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes, so it’s important that you also practice respiratory etiquette (for example, by coughing into a flexed elbow). At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. However, there are many ongoing clinical trials evaluating probable treatments. World Health Organisation (WHO) will continue to provide updated information as soon as clinical findings become available. According to the survey, COVID-19 is having a 'deep impact' on Indian businesses, over the coming month's jobs are at high risk because firms are looking for some decrease in manpower. Further, it is added that already COVID-19 crisis has caused an unprecedented collapse in economic activities over the last few weeks. Key Words: - Respiratory illness, cardiovascular disease, potential treatments, manpower, economic activities.IntroductionThe name "coronavirus" is derived from Latin corona, meaning "crown" or "wreath", itself a borrowing from Greek “garland, wreath". The name refers to the characteristic appearance of virions (the infective form of the virus) by electron microscopy, which have a fringe of large, bulbous surface projections creating an image reminiscent of a crown or of a solar corona. This morphology is created by the viral spike peplomers, which are proteins on the exterior of the virus. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness.The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes, so it’s important that you also practice respiratory etiquette (for example, by coughing into a flexed elbow). At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. However, there are many ongoing clinical trials evaluating potential treatments. World Health Organisation (WHO) will continue to provide updated information as soon as clinical findings become available.In December 2019, a pneumonia occurrence was reported in Wuhan, China. On 31 December, 2019, the outbreak was traced to a novel strain of coronavirus, which was given the interim name 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO), later renamed SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Some researchers have recommended the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market may not be the original source of viral transmission to humans. Objectives:To know about Covid-19 Can Be Tested, Discovery, Domestic AnimalsTo study about Coronavirus Outbreak: Dos and Don'ts, Coronavirus PrecautionsTo find out Coronavirus in India: Quarantine at Home, Environmental sanitationMethodology:The present paper “A Study on Coronavirus and its Preventive Measures” is based on secondary source of data. The secondary data is collected through articles published in different journals, newspapers and assorted websites.Covid-19 Can Be TestedThe test for coronavirus does not involve any blood examination. Coronavirus test includes investigative of the throat swab or the nasal swab to check for infection. After taking samples, doctors posted at nodal hospitals may assess your physical health to decide whether hospitalisation is needed. Otherwise, you may be asked to stay isolated at home itself. If the tests are positive, you may require to persist quarantined for at least 14 days, till recovery.Recently an industry survey that is jointly conducted by industry body Ficci and tax consultancy Dhruva advisors and took responses from about 380 companies across the sectors. It is said that businesses are grappling with "tremendous uncertainty" about their future. According to the survey, COVID-19 is having a 'deep impact' on Indian businesses, over the coming month's jobs are at high risk because firms are looking for some reduction in manpower. Further, it is added that already COVID-19 crisis has caused an unprecedented breakdown in economic activities over the last few weeks. The present situation is having a "high to very high" level impact on their business according to almost 72 per cent respondents. Further, 70 per cent of the surveyed firms are expecting a degrowth sales in the fiscal year 2020-21. Ficci said in a statement, "The survey clearly highlights that unless a utilitarian economic package is announced by the government immediately, we could see a permanent impairment of a large section of the industry, which may lose the opportunity to come back to life again."DiscoveryCoronaviruses were first discovered in the 1930s when an acute respiratory infection of domesticated chickens was shown to be caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). In the 1940s, two more animal coronaviruses, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), were isolated. Human coronaviruses were revealed in the 1960s. The earliest ones studied were from human patients with the common cold, which were later named human coronavirus 229E and human coronavirus OC43. Other human coronaviruses have since been identified, including SARS-CoV in 2003, HCoV NL63 in 2004, HKU1 in 2005, MERS-CoV in 2012 and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. Most of these have involved serious respiratory tract infections.Coronaviruses are large pleomorphic spherical particles with bulbous surface projections. The average diameter of the virus particles is around 120 nm (.12 μm). The diameter of the envelope is ~80 nm (.08 μm) and the spikes are ~20 nm (.02 μm) long. The envelope of the virus in electron micrographs appears as a distinct pair of electrons compressed shells. Domestic Animals?Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) causes avian infectious bronchitis.?Porcine coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus of pigs, TGEV). ?Bovine Coronavirus (BCV), responsible for severe profuse enteritis in of young calves.?Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) causes mild enteritis in cats as well as severe Feline infectious peritonitis (other variants of the same virus).?Two types of Canine Coronavirus (CCoV) (one causing enteritis, the other found in respiratory diseases).?Turkey Coronavirus (TCV) causes enteritis in turkeys.?Ferret enteric coronavirus causes epizootic catarrhal enteritis in ferrets.?Ferret systemic coronavirus causes FIP-like systemic syndrome in ferrets. ?Pantropic canine coronavirus.?Rabbit enteric coronavirus causes acute gastrointestinal disease and diarrhoea in young European rabbits. Mortality rates are high. ?Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus (PED or PEDV), has emerged around the world.The Symptoms of COVID-19Some of the symptoms associated with novel coronavirusFeverDry coughShortness of breathRunny noseSore throatPersistent pain or pressure in the chest (in extreme cases)PneumoniaSevere acute respiratory syndromeKidney failureCoronavirus Outbreak: Dos and Don'ts List of dos and don'ts issued by the government to stall the spread of coronavirus in the country can be mentioned as under.DosCover your nose and mouth with disposable tissue or handkerchiefFrequently wash your hands with soap and waterAvoid crowded placesPerson suffering from Influenza like illness must be confined at homeStay more than one arm's length distance from persons sick with fluTake adequate sleep and restDrink plenty of water/liquids and eat nutritious foodPerson suspected with Influenza like illness must consult doctorDon'tsTouching eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands while coughing or sneezingHugging, kissing and shaking hands while greetingSpitting in public placesTaking medicines without consulting doctorDisposal of used napkin or tissue paper in open areasTouching surfaces usually used by public (Railing, door, gates, etc)Coronavirus PrecautionsList of precautions are as follows:Regular hand washingCovering mouth and nose when coughing and sneezingIf you are taking care of someone who is sick, try to stay 6 feet away- this is the distance virus-containing droplets can travel through a sneeze or coughAvoid close contact with anyone showing symptoms of respiratory illness such as coughing and sneezingAvoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouthStay home when you are sickClean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces using a regular household cleaning spray or wipeCoronavirus in India: Quarantine at HomeThe Union health ministry has issued guidelines for citizens to prepare for home quarantine.The home quarantined person should:Stay in a well-ventilated single-room preferably with an attached/separate toilet. If another family member needs to stay in the same room, it’s advisable to maintain a distance of at least 1 metre between the two.Needs to stay away from elderly people, pregnant women, children and persons with co-morbidities within the household.Restrict his/her movement within the house.Under no circumstances attend any social/religious gathering e.g. wedding, condolences, etc.The person should also follow the under mentioned public health measures at all times:Wash hands as often thoroughly with soap and water or with alcohol-based hand sanitizer.Avoid sharing household items e.g. dishes, drinking glasses cups, eating utensils, towels, bedding, or other items with other people at home.Wear a surgical mask at all the time. The mask should be changed every 6-8 hours and disposed off. Disposable masks are never to be reused.Masks used by patients/care givers/close contacts during home care should be disinfected using ordinary bleach solution (5%) or sodium hypochlorite solution (1%) and then disposed of either by burning or deep burial.Environmental sanitationClean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces in the quarantined person’s room (e.g. bed frames, tables etc.) daily with 1% Sodium Hypochlorite Solution.Clean and disinfect toilet surfaces daily with regular household bleach solution/phenolic disinfectants.Clean the clothes and other linen used by the person separately using common household detergent and dry.Duration of home quarantineThe home quarantine period is for 14 days from contact with a confirmed case or earlier if a suspect case (of whom the index person is a contact) turns out negative on laboratory testing.ConclusionGovernment of India is taking all necessary steps to ensure that we are prepared well to face the challenge and threat posed by the growing pandemic of COVID-19 the Corona Virus. With active support of the people of India, we have been able to drape the spread of the Virus in our country. The most important factor in preventing the spread of the Virus locally is to empower the citizens with the right information and taking precautions as per the advisories being issued by Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.References 1. Biman.Mukherji (23 March 2020). "Coronavirus impact: Indian industry seeks relief measures to aid economy". Livemint. Retrieved 23 March 2020.2. Chaudhry, Siraj A. (26 March 2020). "Covid-19 puts India's food supply chain to a stress-test". The Hindu @business line. Retrieved 26 March 2020.3. Das, Goutam (30 March 2020). "136 million jobs at risk in post-corona India". Livemint. Retrieved 2 April 2020.4. Goyal, Malini (22 March 2020). "Covid-19: How the deadly virus hints at a looming financial crisis". The Economic Times. Retrieved 23 March 2020.5. "Lockdown hurts economy but saving life is more important: PM Modi". India Today. 14 April 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2020.6. Singh, Sandeep (1 April 2020). "Covid-19 Pandemic Spoils Indian Startup Funding Party, Growth Stage Worst Hit in Q1 2020". Inc42 Media. Retrieved 1 April 2020.7. Solani, Dhvani (16 March 2020). "It Took Coronavirus for an Indian State to Ban Spitting in Public". Vice. Retrieved 13 April 2020.8. Vyas, Mahesh (21 April 2020). "Unemployment rate touches 26%". Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). Retrieved 24 April 2020. ................
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