Ch 1 Review Sheet Answer Key - Winston-Salem/Forsyth ...
Ch 1 Review Sheet Answer Key
1. Anatomy is the study of structures, physiology is the study of functions.
2. Gross anatomy studies large structures, microscopic: studies specimens that cannot be seen except under a microscope
3. Complementarity of structure and function: the structure of a cell, organelle, or tissue is related to its function (example: shape of a red blood cell is round, enabling it to slide through blood vessels, neurons have branches for transmitting messages)
4. molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
5. Maintaining boundaries: skin or cell membrane, keeps living material separate from environment
Movement: muscles, movement of substances through vessels in the body
Responsiveness: senses and reacts to changes in the environment
Digestion: breaking down ingested food into a form the body can use
Metabolism: all chemical reactions within body cells
Excretion: removal of waste from the body
Reproduction: production of offspring
Growth: increase in size or number of cells
6. Anatomical position: standing with palms facing forward
7. a. Sagittal: cut that gives a left and a right
b. Transverse: cut that gives a top and a bottom
c. Frontal: cut that gives a front and a back
8. a. Dorsal: back or spine side f. Deep: below the surface
b. Ventral: belly or front g. Superficial: near the surface
c. Lateral: side h. Distal: farther away from the body
d. Medial: middle i. Proximal: closer to the body
e. Superior: above or top j. Inferior: lower or bottom
9.a. Cranial: head, protects the brain
b. Spinal/vertebral: dorsal, protects the spinal cord
c. Thoracic: chest area, protects the heart, lungs and large blood vessels
d. Abdominal: ventral, protects digestive organs
e. Pelvic: inferior to abdominal, protects rectum, ovaries
10. Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac
Liver Liver stomach
Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar
Ascending colon transverse colon descending colon
Right iliac Hypogastric Left iliac
Appendix, ovary small intestine ovary, sigmoid colon
11. a. Coxal f. Axillary
b. femoral g. Sural
c. gluteal h. carpel
d. brachial i. cephalic or cranial
e. cervical j. digital
Use textbook pages 5 and 6
12. Homeostasis: maintaining a constant internal environment even when external environment is changing
13. Positive feedback: response increases initial stimulus, blood clotting or birth of baby
Negative feedback: response decreases initial stimulus, temperature, calcium balance
Negative is more common in the body
14. see above
15. see above
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