PATHOLOGY - EXAM QUESTIONS



PATHOLOGY - EXAM QUESTIONS

I. General Pathology

1. History of pathology (Morgagni, Rokitansky, Virchow,

Purkyně, Treitz, Lambl, Prowazek)

2. Necropsy; surgical pathology (methods; principles)

3. Etiology; pathogenesis (causes of cell injury)

4. Death and postmortal changes

5. Necrosis; gangrene

6. Atrophy

7. Amyloidosis

8. Fatty change (steatosis)

9. Disorders of lipid metabolism

10. Disorders of carbohydrates metabolism (diabetes mellitus; glycogenoses)

11. Calcification

12. Crystals

13. Lithiasis

14. Endogenous pigments

15. Hematogenous pigments

16. Jaundice

17. Exogenous pigments

18. Cysts

19. Adaptation (hypertrophy; hyperplasia)

20. Repair (regeneration; reparation)

21. Inflammation (definition; classification; clinical manifestations)

22. Acute inflammation

23. Chronic inflammation

24. Serous and fibrinous inflammation

25. Suppurative inflammation

26. Pseudomembranous and gangrenous inflammation

27. Specific (granulomatous) inflammation

28. Genetic diseases

29. Streptococcal infections

30. Staphylococcal infections

31. Pneumococcal and neisserial infections

32. Infections by E. coli and Salmonellae

33. Infections by Pasteurellae (Yersiniae) and Brucellae

34. Spirochetal diseases

35. Mycotic diseases

36. Rickettsial and Chlamydial diseases

37. Mycobacterioses (tbc; leprosy)

38. Viral infections - general features; review

39. Varicella - herpes zoster

40. Herpes simplex

41. Influenza

42. Infectious mononucleosis

43. Measles; rubella

44. Mumps; cytomegalovirus

45. Acute hepatitis

46. Chronic hepatitis

47. Diseases caused by parasites

48. Sexually transmitted diseases

49. Environmental diseases - review

50. Adverse effects of smoking

51. Pneumoconioses

52. Injury by therapeutic agents (analgetics, barbiturates, estrogens, antineoplastic drugs, antibiotics, immunosuppressives)

53. Adverse effects of alcohol (acute; chronic)

54. Injury by physical agents (mechanical; thermal; radiation)

55. Nutritional diseases; malnutrition

56. Vitamin deficiencies

57. Obesity-its complications

58. Diet and cancer

59. Disorders of the immune system; transplant rejection

60. Autoimmune diseases

61. Immunodeficiency diseases

II. Cardiovascular system

l. Congestive heart failure

2. Hypertrophy, dilatation and decompensation of the heart

3. Organ lesions induced by failing circulation

4. Causes of congestive failure

5. Left - sided heart failure

6. Right - sided heart failure

7. Shock

8. Edema;dehydration (formation and drainage of interstitial fluid)

9. Local disorders of blood flow - review

10. Thrombosis

11. DIC - syndrome

12. Embolism

13. Metastasis

14. Hyperemia

15. Ischemia

16. Infarction - generally

17. Hemorrhage - generally

18. Atherosclerosis - review

19. Atherosclerosis - risk factors

20. Atherosclerosis - morphology (gross; histology)

21. Atherosclerosis - pathogenesis

22. Polyarteritis nodosa and related entities

23. Granulomatous arteritis

24. Thrombangiitis obliterans (Buerger)

25. Raynaud°s disease

26. Arterial aneurysms - review

27. Aortic aneurysms

28. Dissecting aneurysm

29. Venous disorders

30. Lymphatic disorders

31. Tumors of vessels

32. Ischemic heart disease - review

33. Coronary artery atherosclerosis

34. Angina pectoris

35. Sudden death

36. Myocardial infarction

37. Morphologic complications of myocardial infarcion

38. Chronic ischemic heart disease

39. Hypertensive heart disease

40. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease

41. Chronic rheumatic heart disease

42. Congenital heart disease

43. Infective endocarditis

44. Cor pulmonale

45. Pericardial diseases

46. Myocarditis

47. Cardiomyopathy

48. Heart diseases in the elderly (aortic stenosis; mitral annular calcification; amyloidosis)

49. Heart tumors

50. Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

51. Hypertension

52. Calcification in the heart

53. Mitral stenosis

54. Arteriosclerosis

III. Oncology

1. Tumors generally (definition; classification)

2. Metaplasia; dysplasia

3. Pseudotumors (cysts; hamartoma; hyperplasia)

4. Characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms

5. Tumor metastasis

6. Granding and staging of cancer

7. Benign mesenchymal tumors

8. Malignant mesenchymal tumors

9. Benign epithelial tumors

10. Malignant epithelial tumors

11. Carcinogenesis (etiology of cancer)

12. Effects of tumors on host (benign vs. malignant)

13. Paraneoplastic syndromes

14. Geographic factors in occurrence of neoplasms

15. Precancerous lesions

16. Non-Hodgkin°s lymphomas

17. Hodgkin°s disease

18. Acute leukemias

19. Chronic leukemias

20. Myeloproliferative disorders

21. Plasma cell dyscrasias

22. Histiocytoses

23. Storage diseases

24. Tumors of the respiratory system - review

25. Bronchogenic carcinoma

26. Mesothelioma

27. Tumors of the oral cavity and nasopharynx

28. Salivary gland tumors

29. Esophageal tumors

30. Gastric tumors

31. Small intestine tumors

32. Large intestine tumors

33. Liver tumors

34. Biliary tract tumors

35. Exocrine pancreas tumors

36. Endocrine pancreas tumors

37. Kidney tumors

38. Tumors of the urinary collecting system

39. Testicular tumors

40. Carcinoma of the prostate

41. Tumors of the uterine cervix

42. Tumors of endometrium

43. Tumors of myometrium

44. Tumors of the ovary

45. Trophoblastic disease

46. Tumors of the breast - review

47. Carcinoma of the breast

48. Endocrine gland tumors

49. Bone tumors

50. Synovial, skeletal muscle and muscle sheath tumors

51. Soft tissue tumors

52. Brain tumors

53. Peripheral nerve tumors

54. Skin tumors (epidermoid Ca; basal cell Ca)

55. Pigmented nevi; melanoma

56. Mixed tumors; teratomas; tumor multiplicity

IV. Organ pathology

1. Posthemorrhagic and hemolytic anemias

2. Anemias of diminished erythropoiesis; pernicious anemia

3. Polycythemia

4. Bleeding disorders

5. Lymphnode pathology - review

6. Spleen pathology - review

7. Thymus pathology - review

8. Pulmonary thromboembolism

9. Pulmonary hypertension

10. Respiratory distress syndrome

11. Sudden infant death syndrome

12. Chronic bronchitis

13. Lung emphysema

14. Bronchial asthma

15. Bronchiectasis

16. Pulmonary infections - review

17. Lobar pneumonia

18. Bronchopneumonia

19. Lung tuberculosis

20. Sarcoidosis

21. Pleural lesions - review

22. Lesions of the upper respiratory tract

23. Lesions of the oral cavity

24. Salivary gland diseases

25. Esophageal lesions

26. Gastric lesions - review

27. Gastritis

28. Peptic ulcer

29. Small bowel lesions - review

30. Crohn°s disease

31. Malabsorption syndrome

32. Small bowel obstruction

33. Large bowel lesions - review

34. Hirschprung°s disease

35. Enterocolitis

36. Lesions of the appendix

37. Lesions of the peritoneum - review

38. Herniae

39. Lesions of the liver - review

40. Hepatic failure; jaundice

41. Viral hepatitis

42. Liver cirrhosis

43. Alcoholic liver disease

44. Hemochromatosis

45. Lesions of the gallbladder and bile ducts

46. Lesions of the pancreas - review

47. Renal failure; uremia

48. The nephrotic syndrome

49. The nephritic syndrome

50. Pyelonephritis

51. Acute tubular necrosis

52. Vascular lesions of the kidney; nephrosclerosis

53. Malformations and cysts of the kidney

54. Renal stones

55. Kidney in diabetes mellitus

56. Lesions of the male genital system - review

57. Venereal diseases

58. Lesions of the vulva, vagina and cervix

59. Lesions of the uterine body (except tumors)

60. Lesions of fallopian tubes

61. Diseases of pregnancy

62. Pathology of the neonate

63. Lesions of the breast (except tumors)

64. Lesions of the pituitary gland

65. Lesions of the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands

66. Lesions of the adrenals

67. Diabetes mellitus

68. Lesions of the bones - review

69. Lesions of the joints - review

70. Lesions of skeletal muscle - review

71. Systemic lupus erythematosus

72. Rheumatoid arthritis

73. Systemic sclerosis; polymyositis

74. AIDS

75. Meningitis

76. Encephalitis

77. Vascular disease of the brain

78. Intracranial hemorrhage

79. Cerebral trauma

80. Degenerative and demyelinating diseases of the brain

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