Forest Hills High School



Susan Wagner High School US History and Government RegentsReview PackageUNIT 1: Forming a Union: Colonial and Constitutional Foundations (1607 – ca. 1800)Course Wide Compelling Questions How do challenges force a society to evolve? What forces and challenges shaped early settlements in Colonial America? ?Essential Questions ?To what extent did European colonization impact the Indigenous peoples of the North American continent?How did regional differences between the British colonies in North America develop? Which precedents in political thought and systems from England influenced the development of colonial political structures? Understandings Due to European colonization in North America, cultural differences and misunderstanding often led to conflict and regional differencesColonization has real social, political, and economic impacts on both the colonizing and colonized populationsBritish colonies in North America developed different political, social, and economic values and systems, leading to a lack of unity amongst the 13 colonies Colonial American political systems and structures borrowed heavily from European enlightenment thinkers & other European political precedents [examples]The French and Indian War was the result of salutary neglect, conflict between settlers & native populations, and a lack of unity amongst the 13 colonies Content Knowledge - Years: 1620 - 1763 European settlements in North America 13 colonies - settlement, development of political structures (Mayflower Compact, Virginia House of Burgesses), social structures, and economic structures Slavery & indentured servitude in the early colonies Mercantilism & colonial trade regulations Bacon’s Rebellion ????????????????????????????????????????????King Phillip’s War ?????????????????????????????????????????????Salem Witch Trials Salutary Neglect Albany Plan of Union French and Indian War Multiple Choice Practice1. The United States Constitution is best described as astatement of rules and procedures for government.summary of governmental customs and traditions.guarantee of governmental customs and traditions.justification for rebellion against Great Britain.2. Which quotation from the United States Constitution best illustrates the balance between order and liberty?"The Congress shall have the power… to borrow money on the credit of the United States.""The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.""The President shall be Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States.""The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish."3. The purpose of adding the Bill of Rights to the United States Constitution was toassure the end of slavery.strengthen the power of the Federal Government.allow the adoption of new amendments.protect the people from abuse by the Federal Government.4. One reason for the importance of the Federalist Papers in United States history is that these writingshelped persuade some states to ratify the United States Constitution.convinced the colonists to rebel against Great Britain.presented the first legal arguments in favor of retaining slavery.outlined plans for the geographic expansion of the United States.5. The United States Constitution has survived for more than 200 years primarily becausemost Presidents have ignored provisions that are obsolete.the United States has won most of its wars.most immigrants to the United States come from democratic countries.the language of the Constitution allows for a variety of interpretations.6. The most serious weakness of the Articles of Confederation was brought about by the authors'fear of concentration of power in national government.distrust of representative government.disregard of the principles of States rights.inability to provide for regional differences.7. In the United States, only the Federal Government has the power topass laws.borrow money.tax.make treaties.8. A major intention of the framers of the Articles of Confederation was toweaken the American people's primary loyalty to their individual states.give Congress control of interstate and foreign commerce.model the new government after Great Britain.limit the central government's opportunities to infringe upon the people's liberties.9. Which action would be unconstitutional?the President vetoing a foreign aid billa state levying a tax on products from another statethe Senate rejecting a treaty negotiated by the Presidentthe Supreme Court declaring a state law null and void10. Anti-Federalists criticized the United States Constitution primarily because governing power was concentrated in theState legislatures.President's Cabinet.delegates to the Constitutional Convention.national government.11. The primary purpose of the United States Declaration of Independence is toestablish the basic law of the land in the United States.explain and justify why the American colonists revolted against their mother country.provide a clear plan for a meaningful and effective political system.guarantee human rights for all Americans.12. Cases that reach the United States Supreme Court from lower courts are generally cases that concernconstitutional law.property rights.conflicts between corporations.civil lawsuits.13. The Virginia House of Burgesses and the Mayflower Compact had a similar effect in that bothreinforced the English Parliament's control over the colonies.gave settlers the power to establish colonies.contributed to the development of representative democracy.granted absolute authority to the colonial governors.14. Which action is most consistent with the practices of seventeenth century mercantilism?authority to make and enforce decisions based on a written constitutiondifference in the function of the public and private sectors of the economydivision of power between a national government and state governmentsuse of checks and balances between the three branches of government15. Which characteristic is most essential to a democratic society?a respect for individual rightsa federal structure of governmenta strong two-party systema written constitution16. The elastic clause was included in the United States Constitution toallow Congress to make laws to reflect changing ern the District of Columbia.restrict the power of the Supreme Court.permit the creation of a national army.17. The quotation: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution… are reserved to the states…" describes the principle ofdue process of law.federalism.implied powers.centralized authority.18. In the United States, the most significant way that political party primaries have helped to increase public interest in the political process is by enabling voters toremove corrupt officials from office.meet the candidates in person.help select party candidates.help write party platforms.19. The purpose of most of the amendments to the United States Constitution is toguarantee individual civil and political rights.insure the proper functioning of the checks and balances system.strengthen the authority of state governments.expand the power of the Presidency.20. In the eighteenth century, the British colonies in North America were most similar to Great Britain in theircommon law legal system.countrywide established church.opportunities for social mobility.dependence on manufacturing as the economic base.21. The ideals of the Athenian State, Roman law, and the Mayflower Compact contributed most significantly to the growth of the principles ofgovernment under law and the consent of the governed.religious freedom and women's suffrage.checks and balances and separation of powers.racial equality and equal treatment under law.22. At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which issue was resolved by the Great Compromise?powers to be given to the judicial branchrole of the electoral college in selecting the Presidentrepresentation of large and small states in Congressinclusion of a Bill of Rights to protect individual liberties23. Federalism is best described as theauthority to make and enforce decisions based on a written constitution.difference in the function of the public and private sectors of the economy.division of power between a national government and state governments.use of checks and balances between the three branches of government.24. Which issue discussed at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 continues to be a major concern in the United States?relationship of states to each otherpower to regulate foreign tradebalance of power between state and national governmentslocation of the national capital25. A major problem of the government under the Articles of Confederation was that thecourts of the national government had nearly unlimited power.President could make major decisions without the approval of Congress.national government could levy and collect unlimited taxes.Congress depended on the states for men and money to support an army.26. According to the United States Constitution, a nationwide census is conducted every ten years in order toestablish trends of enrollment in the major political parties.determine the allocation of federal monies for revenue sharing.determine the number of Representatives each state will have in Congress.study changes in social customs.27. Which is an important reason that the American colonists rebelled against England in the 1770s?The colonists desired the right to control the basic aspects of their economy.An overwhelming majority of the colonists favored rebellion.England did not adequately protect America from attack by other European nations.England had reduced the number of colonial representatives in Parliament.28. Which fact best illustrate separation of church and state in the United States?Congress seldom meets on Sunday.Religious chaplains serve in the armed anized prayer in public schools is prohibited.Only one Catholic has been elected President.29. Which is generally considered to be the major shortcoming of the electoral college system for selecting a President of the United States?Electoral votes are unevenly distributed among the states.A candidate can win the popular vote but lose the Presidency.Too much time elapses between the general election in November and the counting of the electoral votes in January.Candidates tend to ignore the states with young voters.30. The right of the people to overthrow a tyrannical government is a main theme of which document?Articles of ConfederationDeclaration of IndependenceUnited States ConstitutionEmancipation Proclamation31. Which provision of the United States Constitution would a group most likely use as the basis for bringing legal action to end discriminatory practices?establishment clause of the first amendmentdue process clause of the fifth amendmentreserved powers clause of the tenth amendmentequal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment32. Which feature of the Presidency is a result of a constitutional amendment?two term limit in officepower to appoint ambassadorsduty to act as Commander-in-Chiefresponsibility to nominate Justices to the Supreme Court33. The constitutional guarantee of the writ of habeas corpus makes it unlawful for a citizen of the United States to bea defendant in a trial without the benefit of counsel.jailed for an extended period without a hearing before a judge.prosecuted for his/her religious beliefs.taxed without the approval of Congress.34. In the United States, informing suspects of their legal rights during an arrest procedure is required as a result ofcustoms adopted from English common law.State legislation.decisions of the United States Supreme Court.laws passed by Congress.35. According to the original United States Constitution, before the addition of amendments, which Federal official was to be directly elected by the voters?the Presidenta United States Senatora Justice of the Supreme Courta member of the House of RepresentativesRegents Questions1a. Geography1. Which city is paired with the geographical feature that directly contributed to its growth?San Francisco – Rocky MountainsNew Orleans – Mississippi RiverPittsburgh – Hudson RiverCleveland – Atlantic Coastal Plain2. The best source of information for identifying the location of the major mountain ranges in the United States is:an encyclopediaan almanacan atlasa dictionary3. According to the 1990 census, which two areas of the United States include the most densely populated parts of the nation?1.the Great Plains and Texas2.the Northeast and southern California3.the South and the Rocky Mountain states4.the Appalachian states and the Midwest4. Which geographic advantage did the United States gain by purchasing the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803?1.warm-water ports on the Atlantic coast2.rich fishing areas in the Great Lakes3.full control of the Mississippi River4.vast coal reserves in the region west of Pennsylvania5. Population data from the census of 2000 was used to determine the number of1.states in the Union2.Senators from each state3.electoral college votes from each state4.Supreme Court justices6. Which group benefited most from the United States acquisition of the port of New Orleans?1.farmers in the Ohio River Valley2.Native American Indians in the Southwest3.fur trappers in the Columbia River Valley4.gold miners in northern California7. Which geographic factor had the greatest influence on early patterns of industrialization in the United States?1.scarcity of flat land on which to build factories2.shortages of timber and coal3.desire of workers to live in mild climates4.availability of waterpower to operate machines8. Which type of map shows the most detailed information about Earth’s natural features, such as rivers, lakes, and mountain ranges?1.political2.demographic3.weather4.physical9. Which region of the United States is correctly paired with an industry that is dominant in that region?1.Southwest — timber2.Pacific Northwest — citrus crops3.Great Plains — grain crops4.Atlantic Coastal Plain — iron mining10. In the early 1800’s, the need for a water route to help farmers ship their products to market was one reason for the1.Gadsden Purchase2.Louisiana Purchase3.Mexican Cession4.Missouri Compromise11. Which United States foreign policy action resulted from the close geographic relationship between the United States and Latin America?1.Monroe Doctrine2.Truman Doctrine3.Marshall Plan4.Open Door policy12. In the United States, regional differences in economic development are primarily due to1.settlement patterns of immigrant groups2.pressure from various religious groups3.state and federal election laws4.geographic factors in various parts of the nation13. Because of fertile land and a long growing season, plantations in the thirteen colonies developed in1.New England2.the Middle Atlantic region3.the South4.the upper Mississippi River valley14. What would be the best title for this map?British Domination of the AmericasColonial Trade RoutesSpanish Colonies in the New WorldThe United States in 175015. What is the best title for this series of maps??Industrialization of the United StatesSectional Conflicts in the United StatesTransportation Revolution in the United StatesShifting Frontier of the United States16. Which geographic feature is primarily responsible for the lowest population the area shown on the map??Columbia RiverPacific OceanRocky MountainsMississippi River Valley17. In which section of early 19th-century America was the plantation system an important feature?1.New England2.the Middle Atlantic states3.the South4.the West18. Acquiring New Orleans as part of the Louisiana Purchase was considered important to the development of the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys because the city 1.provided protection from attacks by the Spanish2.provided migrant workers for river valley farms3.served as a port for American agricultural goods4.served as the cultural center for the nation19. Farmers in the Ohio River valley gained the greatest economic benefit when the United States acquired the1.Oregon Territory2.Gadsden Purchase3.Louisiana Territory4.Mexican Cession20. Since the late 1700s, the Mississippi River has been a vital waterway because it1.divided the northern territories from the southern territories2.allowed American farmers direct access to Canadian markets3.connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean4.provided farmers and merchants an outlet to the Gulf of Mexico21. During the first half of the 1800s, geographic factors influenced the economy of New England by1.encouraging the establishment of large plantations2.promoting the growth of trade and manufacturing3.increasing the region’s reliance on slave labor4.supporting rice and indigo farming22. The information on the map supports the conclusion that African American migration between 1940 and 1970 was mainly from the?urban areas to rural areassouth to the northMountain states to the West CoastSun Belt to the Great PlainsRegents Questions2a. Colonial Era1. In the Colonial Era, developments such as the New England town meetings and the establishment of the Virginia House of Burgesses representedcolonial attempts to build a strong national governmentefforts by the British to strengthen their control over the coloniessteps in the growth of representative democracyearly social reform movements2. According to the Declaration of Independence, the people have the right to alter or abolish a government if that government1.is a limited monarchy2.violates natural rights3.becomes involved in entangling alliances4.favors one religion over another3. Which fundamental political idea is expressed in the Declaration of Independence?The government should guarantee every citizen economic security.The central government and state governments should have equal power.If the government denies its people certain basic rights, that government can be overthrown.Rulers derive their right to govern from God and are therefore bound to govern in the nation’s best interest.4. “The only representatives of the people of these colonies are persons chosen therein by themselves; and that no taxes ever have been, or can be constitutionally imposed on them but by their respective legislatures.”-Statement by the Stamp Act Congress, 1765What is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from this quotation?The colonial legislatures should be appointed by the English King with the consent of Parliament.Only the colonists’ elected representatives should have the power to levy taxes.The English King should have the right to tax the colonists.The colonists should be opposed to all taxation.5. The Mayflower Compact is important to the concept of a democratic society because it representsan effort by the colonists to use force to resist the Kinga clear step toward self-governmentan early attempt to establish universal suffragean attempt by the colonists to establish freedom of religion6. The British system of mercantilism was opposed by many American colonists because itplaced quotas on immigrationdiscouraged the export of raw materials to Englandplaced restrictions on tradingencouraged colonial manufacturing7. The Mayflower Compact, House of Burgesses, and Fundamental Orders of Connecticut are all examples of the efforts of colonial Americans touse democratic practices in governmentprotest British land policiesestablish religious freedomoverthrow British royal governors8. The Mayflower Compact of 1620 is considered an important step in the development of democracy in America because itexpressed the importance of self-governmentestablished freedom of religioncreated the first colonial judiciarygranted all males the right to vote9. During the Revolutionary War period, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense was important because itdescribed a military plan for the defeat of Englandconvinced many Americans who had been undecided to support independencecontained a detailed outline for a new form of governmentargued for the addition of a bill of rights to the Constitution10. The Virginia House of Burgesses was important to the development of democracy in the thirteen colonies because itprovided an example of a representative form of governmentcreated the first written constitution in Americaprovided for direct election of senatorsbegan the practice of legislative override of executive vetoes11. “It is not the cause of one poor printer, nor of New York alone, which you are now trying. No! It may in its consequence affect every free man that lives under a British government on the main [continent] of America. It is the best cause. It is the cause of liberty. . . . Nature and the laws of our country have given us a right to liberty of both exposing and opposing arbitrary power (in these parts of the world at least) by speaking and writing the truth.” — Andrew Hamilton, 1735 This courtroom summation helped establish which democratic principle in colonial America??trial by juryequal voting rightsprotection of private propertyfreedom of the press12. The pamphlet Common Sense, by Thomas Paine, aided the American cause in the Revolutionary War because itconvinced France to join in the fight against Englandled to the repeal of the Stamp Actcreated a new system of government for the United Statespersuaded individuals who were undecided to support independence13. Which conclusion about the American Revolutionary War is most clearly supported by information in this chart??England had few advantages in a war with her American colonies.The thirteen colonies had more advantages than disadvantages upon entering the war.England did not believe that the thirteen colonies were worth the expense of a war.The thirteen colonies had few, but important advantages in the war with14. Which important reason for the American victory in the Revolutionary War is missing from the chart?naval superiority of the thirteen coloniesaid from foreign nationscontrol of railroads and canalsgreater number of Indian allies15. The Mayflower Compact and the House of Burgesses were important to the development of democracy in colonial America because theyexpanded freedom of religionpromoted self-governmentprotected private ownership of propertygranted voting rights to all white males16. Court decisions in the trial of John Peter Zenger (1735) and the case of New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) strengthenedfreedom of religionfreedom of the pressdue process rightsthe right to counsel17. Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. ____________________________________ A. Committees of Correspondence B. Nonimportation Agreements C. Boston Tea Party D. First Continental Congress?Protests Against Slavery in the American ColoniesBritish Parliamentary Actions to Punish Colonial AmericansColonial Responses to British Mercantile PoliciesColonial Attempts to End the British Policy of Salutary Neglect18. In its economic relationship with its North American colonies, Great Britain followed the principles of 18th-century mercantilism byoutlawing the African slave tradelimiting the colonies’ trade with other nationsencouraging the development of manufacturing in the coloniesestablishing laws against business monopolies19. . . . I challenge the warmest advocate [supporter] for reconciliation, to shew [show], a single advantage that this continent can reap [gain], by being connected with Great Britain. I repeat the challenge, not a single advantage is derived [acquired]. Our corn will fetch its price in any market in Europe, and our imported goods must be paid for, buy them where we will. . . . — Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 This speaker is most likely opposed tomercantilismcapitalismdirect democracyrepresentative government20. A major argument for American independence found in the Declaration of Independence was that the Britishstopped participating in the slave traderefused to sell products to Americansdeprived Americans of their natural rightscensored American representatives in Parliament21. Which statement is most accurate about the movement for independence in the thirteen colonies?The independence movement began soon after the founding of the Plymouth Colony.Protests against British colonial policies gradually led to demands for independence.The King of England required the colonists to become economically self-sufficient.The movement for independence was equally strong in all of the colonies.22. According to the Declaration of Independence, the fundamental purpose of government is toprotect people’s natural rightsequalize opportunities for all citizensprovide for the defense of the nationestablish a system of free public education23. One of the principles stated in the Declaration of Independence is that government shouldguarantee economic equality among citizenshave unlimited power to rule the peoplebe based upon the consent of the governedbe led by educated citizens24. During the colonial period, the British Parliament used the policy of mercantilism tolimit manufacturing in Americaprevent criticism of royal policiesdeny representation to the colonistsforce colonists to worship in the Anglican Church25. The Mayflower Compact and the Virginia House of Burgesses are examples ofequal opportunities for women during the colonial periodsteps toward representative governmenteconomic agreements between the colonists and Native American Indianslimitations placed on colonial Americans by the British government26. The system shown in the diagram was developed under the Articles of Confederation in order to?divide lands seized from the Loyalistsprovide an orderly system of development for the Northwest Territoryremove Native American Indians to areas west of the Appalachian Mountainsextend slavery as the nation grew27. In which area did good harbors, abundant forests, rocky soil, and a short growing season most influence the colonial economy?Southern coloniesMiddle Atlantic regionNorthwest TerritoryNew England colonies28. The Mayflower Compact, New England town meetings, and the Virginia House of Burgesses are examples ofearly colonial efforts in self-governmentcolonial protests against British taxationgovernments imposed by Parliamentattempts to limit democracy29. The British benefited from their mercantilist relationship with the American colonies primarily bysupporting the growth of colonial industriesprohibiting colonists from fishing and fur tradingtaking large amounts of gold and silver from the southern coloniesbuying raw materials from the colonies and selling them finished products30. The main reason Great Britain established the Proclamation Line of 1763 was toavoid conflicts between American colonists and Native American Indiansmake a profit by selling the land west of the Appalachian Mountainsprevent American industrial development in the Ohio River valleyallow Canada to control the Great Lakes region31. The Declaration of Independence (1776) has had a major influence on peoples throughout the world because itguarantees universal suffrageestablishes a basic set of laws for every nationprovides justification for revolting against unjust governmentsdescribes the importance of a strong central government2b. Formation of Government1. In the 1780’s, many Americans distrusted a strong central government. This distrust is best shown by thelack of debate over the ratification of the United States Constitutionplan of government set up by the Articles of Confederationdevelopment of a Federal court systemconstitutional provision for a strong President2. "We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; . . ."This quotation is evidence that some of the basic ideas in the Declaration of Independence werelimitations of the principles underlying most European governments of the 1700’s.adaptations of the laws of Spanish colonial governments in North America.adoptions of rules used by the Holy Roman Empire.reflections of the philosophies of the European Enlightenment.3. The authors of the United States Constitution believed that the voice of the people should be heard frequently. Which part of the Government was instituted to respond most directly to the will of the people?SenateHouse of RepresentativesSupreme CourtPresidency4. In the United States, the use of implied powers, the amending process, and Supreme Court interpretations have resulted ina general loss of individual rightsa strengthening of the principle of separation of powersthe Constitution being adapted to fit changing timesthe limiting of Presidential power in domestic affairs5. Which quotation from the United States Constitution provides for a Federal system of government?“He shall have power . . . with the advice and consent of the Senate, . . . and . . . shall appoint . . .““Every bill . . . shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States; . . ."“The powers not delegated to the United States . . . are reserved to the states . . .““Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.”6. The system of checks and balances is best illustrated by the power ofthe President to veto a bill passed by CongressCongress to censure one of its membersa governor to send the National Guard to stop a riotstate and Federal gov-ernments to levy and collect taxes7. Which Presidential action is an example of the unwritten constitution?appointing Justices to the Supreme Courtgranting pardons for Federal crimessubmitting a treaty to the Senate for ratificationconsulting with the Cabinet8. A lasting impact of the United States Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall is that the Court’s decisionsextended the Bill of Rights to enslaved personsexpanded the power of the Federal Governmentrestricted the authority of Congresspromoted the views of the President9. The major role of political parties in the United States is toprotect the American public from corrupt public officialsinsure that free and honest elections are heldnominate candidates for public office and conduct campaignsmeet constitutional requirements for choosing the President10. Adherence to a strict interpretation of the Constitution would have prevented President Thomas Jefferson frommaking the Louisiana Purchasewriting “State of the Union” messagesreceiving ambassadorscommissioning military officers11. Which factor has made the strongest contribution to the development of religious freedom in the United States?Most citizens have shared the same religious beliefs.Religious groups have remained politically unified.School prayer has been ruled constitutional by the Supreme Court.Guarantees in the Constitution have encouraged religious expression and toleration.12. Which phrase from the Declaration of Independence most clearly reflects the idea that the people are the source of government?“. . . that all men are created equal,...”“. .. all men are . . . endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights“. . . deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. . .““. . . governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes . . .13. One way in which the United States Constitution differed from the Articles of Confederation was that the Constitutioncreated a national government having three branchesprovided for the direct election of the President by the votersmade the amendment process more difficultincreased the powers of the states14. At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, delegates from the small states most strongly supported the idea ofestablishing a strong national executivelevying taxes on exportspopular election of Senatorsequal representation for the states in the national legislature15. Which argument did the authors of the United States Constitution use when they insisted that revenue bills originate in the House of Representatives?Frequent elections would make members of the House more responsive to the wishes of the voters.Members of the House would have a superior understanding of economics.The national budget should be determined solely by the House of Representatives.Political parties would have less influence on Members of the House than on Senators.16. One way in which the authors of the Constitution tried to create “limited government” was by providing fora loyal opposition through a two-party systema division of power between the national and state governmentsthe establishment of naturalization lawsthe popular election of Federal judges17. Which action is an example of the unwritten constitution?the Senate ratifying a peace treatyCongress passing a law regulating interstate commerceselection of a Presidential candidate by a nominating conventionthe President removing an Army officer from command for insubordination18. The elastic clause, the amending process, and judicial review are all methods by whichCongress may check the power of the executive branchthe wording of the original Constitution may be alteredstate governments may limit the power of the Federal Governmentthe Constitution may be adapted to meet changing conditions19. “The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic.”-Justice Oliver Wendell HolmesWhich interpretation of the Bill of Rights does this statement illustrate?The needs of the government are more important than civil liberties.Constitutional protections of liberty are not absolute.The Supreme Court can eliminate freedoms listed in the Bill of Rights.The Bill of Rights does not safeguard individual liberties.20. Which action was necessary to change from the indirect to the direct election of United States Senators?1.ratification of a constitutional amendment2.passage of a Federal law3.a Supreme Court decision4.a national referendum21. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”This quotation reflects beliefs mainly derived from1.the Magna Carta2.the divine right monarchs of Europe3.John Locke’s theory of natural rights4.Marxist philosophy22. The United States Government is considered a federal system becausethe people elect national officialsboth national and state governments exist within the nationforeign policy is handled by state governmentseach state has equal representation in the United States Senate23. The flexibility of the original United States Constitution is due mainly toits provision for the amending process and judicial interpretationits guarantees of freedom and justice for all peoplethe ability to create new branches of government as neededthe willingness of the states to accept Federal control24. Antifederalists criticized the United States Constitution primarily because governing power was concentrated in theState legislaturesPresident’s Cabinetdelegates to the Constitutional ConventionNational Government25. “In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this, you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place, oblige it to control itself.”This passage from the Federalist Papers refers to the need fora strong executivea system of checks and balancesan independent militarya national education system26. A member of the United States Congress must resign from Congress if elected or appointed to a position in the executive or judicial branch. This requirement is an example oflimited terms for Federal officialsjudicial reviewseparation of powersStates’ rights27. An example of the unwritten constitution in the United States is theright of citizens to vote if they are 18 years old or olderrise of the two-party political systemright to freedom of speechuse of the electoral college system28. The main purpose of lobbying is toinfluence legislation on behalf of special interest groupsstrengthen the power of political partiesincrease the speed and efficiency of the law-making processreduce the number of candidates in political elections29. The two major political parties make their final selection of a Presidential candidate throughdelegates’ votes at a national party conventiondecisions of the electoral collegeactions of the State legislaturescitizens’ choices in public opinion polls30. Which document is best described as a statement of democratic principles rather than a framework for government?Albany Plan of UnionArticles of ConfederationDeclaration of IndependenceUnited States Constitution31. The United States Government is considered a federal system becausenational laws must be passed by both houses of Congresspowers are divided between the State and National Governmentsthe States are guaranteed a republican form of governmentthe President is selected by the electoral college32. The United States Constitution grants certain powers only to the Federal Government. For example, only Congress can declare war. These powers are calledpolice powersreserved powersdelegated powersconcurrent powers33. Which action would be necessary before the government could deny a person a public trial by an impartial jury?a national referendumpassage of a law by Congressa unanimous ruling by the Supreme Courtratification of a constitutional amendment34. Which feature of the Presidency is a result of a constitutional amendment?two-term limit in officepower to appoint ambassadorsduty to act as Commander in Chiefresponsibility to nominate Justices to the Supreme Court35. Which aspect of lawmaking is a result of the unwritten constitution?Congress overriding the President’s vetospecial-interest groups lobbying to try to influence legislationbills passing both houses of Congress by majority voterevenue bills originating in the House of Representatives2c. Federalist Era1. The speakers below are discussing foreign policies that the United States has followed at various times. Base your answers on their statements and on your knowledge of social studies.Speaker A:?Steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.Speaker B:?The United States will give economic aid to needy countries anywhere in the world, but will not provide military aid.Speaker C:?The United States must prevent the growth of communism.Speaker D:?The United States can take over other countries to help them become more like us.Which speaker states a policy most similar to the foreign policy advice given by President George Washington in his Farewell Address?ABCD2. When John Marshall was Chief Justice, United States Supreme Court decisions tended to strengthen the power ofthe National Governmentstate and local governmentslabor unionstrusts and monopolies3. Alexander Hamilton’s argument that the government has the power to create a National Bank is based on which part of the Constitution?the Preamblethe elastic clauseguarantees to the Statesthe Bill of Rights4. "All communities divide themselves into the few and the many. The first are the rich and well born, the other the mass of the people. . . . The people are turbulent and changing. . . . Give therefore to the first class a distinct permanent share in the government. They will check the unsteadiness of the second." -Alexander HamiltonThe author of this quotation suggests thatthe will of the majority should guide public policywealthy people are too preoccupied to rule wellthe common people cannot be trusted to run a stable governmentpoorer people must work harder to gain access to economic and political power5. Actions and policies of the Government under President George Washington generally resulted in theestablishment of strong political ties with other nationsliberation of many enslaved personsfailure to create a sound financial program for the countrystrengthening of the Federal Government6. Speaker A:"We must take action even if we are not sure it will work. To do nothing to stop them would be a repeat of the Munich mistake."Speaker B:"We must recognize the increasing interdependence of nations and join the United Nations."Speaker C:"Stopping the spread of communism can and must take several forms. We must be willing to do whatever is necessary."Speaker D:"Involvement in European affairs would be a mistake. We should not jeopardize our peace and prosperity over issues that Europe’s ambitions and rivalries control."Which speaker best describes the basic foreign policy of the United States until the late 1800’s?Speaker ASpeaker BSpeaker CSpeaker D7. "Our true policy is to steer clear of permanent alliances . . . ."-George WashingtonPresident Washington made this statement to warn against United States involvement inEuropean military conflictsinternational tradethe race for overseas colonieswestward expansion8. The significance of the Supreme Court case?Marbury v. Madison?is that the decisionadvanced civil rights for minoritiesupheld the constitutionality of a national banklimited Presidential control of foreign policyestablished the power of judicial review9. Alexander Hamilton urged Congress to pass a protective tariff to encourage the growth oflabor unionsmanufacturingagricultureslavery10. What was the result of many of the Supreme Court decisions made under Chief Justice John Marshall between 1801 and 1835?The system of slavery was weakened.The federal government was strengthened.The rights of workers were supported.Antitrust laws were upheld.11. “It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is. . . .” — Marbury v. Madison, 1803 This statement expresses the Supreme Court’s claim that?courts must abide by a strict interpretation of the Constitutionfederal laws must be approved by the courts before they can take effectthe judicial branch must have a role in the amendment processthe power of judicial review belongs to the courts12. Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan helped to establish the credit of the United States government byproviding for the payment of the nation’s debtstaxing only the people most able to payfavoring agriculture over industryencouraging spending for national defense13. One factor that led to the formation of the first two political parties in the United States in the 1790s was the conflict over thedistribution of power between the federal and state governmentsspread of slavery into the western territoriescontrol of interstate commerceacquisition of lands from France and Spain14. One major reason that Alexander Hamilton proposed a national bank was toimprove the economic position of the United States governmenthelp state governments collect taxesmake loans available to owners of small farmsreduce foreign investment in the United States15. A major reason the Antifederalists opposed the ratification of the United States Constitution was because the Constitutioncreated a national banklacked a provision for a federal court systemfailed to provide for the direct election of members of the House of Representativeschanged the balance of power between the state and national governments16. President George Washington pursued a foreign policy of neutrality during his administration primarily because he believed thatthe United States needed time to gain economic and military strengthtreaties were prohibited by the Constitutionthe United States should not expand by forcealliances should be established with both France and England ................
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