White Plains Middle School



Scramble for Africa Packet #18

S. Gerhardt Global II

Do Now: Read the following passage and answer the questions below.

European leaders wanted an available supply of raw materials for their factories. They also needed new markets for their new products. Since colonies increased a nation’s wealth and military strength, nationalism and industrialization fueled imperialism.

During the new imperialism of the late 1800s, European expansion reached its peak. In particular, Africa was almost completely conquered and colonized. To resolve the claims of competing nations, representatives from various European nations met at Berlin. From November 1884 through February 1885, Europeans nations “carved up” the African continent. The Age of Imperialism had begun.

(Courtesy of Ms. Napp)

1. What motivated the Europeans to go out and colonize other nations? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why would Europe “carving up” Africa be an arrogant action on the part of the Europeans? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

|Essential Questions |Notes |

| | |

| |King Leopold & the Congo |

| | |

| |King Leopold (Belgium) sent a mission into the interior of Africa to establish trade |

| |agreements with the leaders in the Congo River basin. |

| |The Belgian presence in the Congo set off a “scramble” among other European powers to |

| |establish their presence on the continent |

| | |

| |Berlin Conference |

| | |

| |1884, to avoid conflicts among themselves, European leaders met in Berlin, Germany to set|

| |up rules for colonizing Africa. |

| |European powers divided up Africa and no Africans were invited to the conference |

| |1850 (Africa was free) – 20 years later most of the continent was under European rule. |

| | |

| |Great Source of Wealth |

| | |

| |Africans were not buying European goods but they were providing RAW MATERIALS. |

| |Belgian Congo: copper and tin |

| |South Africa: gold and diamonds |

| | |

| |Africa’s Resistance: Zulu Tribe |

| | |

| |The Zulu tribe, in southern Africa, organized their Zulu warriors into a fighting force |

| |against the British |

| |He used his power against European slave traders and ivory hunters. |

| |1880s, due to advanced British weapons the Zulu resistance was crushed. |

| | |

Wrap-Up & Review: Practice Practice Practice!

Cecil Rhodes arrived in South Africa at the age of 17, determined to make his fortune. He got off to a slow start. His first venture, a cotton-farming project, failed. Then, Rhodes turned to diamond and gold mining. By the age of 40, he had become one of the richest men in the world.

However, money was not his real interest. “For its own sake I do not care for money,” he once wrote. “I want the power.” Rhodes strongly supported British imperialism in Africa. He helped Britain extend its African empire by 1,000,000 square miles and had an entire British colony named after himself – Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Rhodes also helped promote the policy of separation of races in southern Africa.

(Prentice Hall – World History)

“I contend that we are the finest race in the world and that the more of the world we inhabit the better it is for the human race. Just fancy those parts that are at present inhabited by the most despicable specimens of human beings what an alteration there would be if they were brought under Anglo-Saxon influence, look again at the extra employment a new country added to our dominions gives. I contend that every acre added to our territory means in the future birth to some more of the English race (that) otherwise would not be brought into existence.” (Courtesy of Ms. Napp)

After reading the quote answer the following questions:

1) What valuable resource was discovered in South Africa? _________________________________________________________________

2) Who was Cecil Rhodes? _________________________________________________________________

3) What did Cecil Rhodes do? _________________________________________________________________

4) List three reasons why Cecil Rhodes advocated or promoted British imperialism in Africa:

a. ________________________________________

b. ________________________________________

c. ________________________________________

|The Berlin Conference in 1884 was significant because it |The unification of Germany under Otto von Bismarck demonstrates |

|(1) promoted Belgium as a world power |the |

|(2) established rules for the European division of |(1) influence of Marxist ideology |

|Africa |(2) impact of nationalism |

|(3) called for a war against England |(3) force of civil disobedience |

|(4) ensured ethnic harmony in the Middle East |(4) power of democratic ideals |

| | |

|A major goal of both the Sepoy Mutiny and the Boxer Rebellion was|Much of which area of the world came under European colonial |

|to |control in the 19th century? |

|(1) remove foreign influences |(1) Japan (3) Africa |

|(2) restore parliamentary government |(2) Southwest Asia (4) Latin America |

|(3) improve access to civil service examinations | |

|(4) outlaw caste systems |The unification of Italy and the unification of Germany show that|

| |(1) socialism was an effective way of organizing the economy |

|Which statement best reflects an effect of |(2) nationalism could be used to consolidate |

|imperialism in Africa? |political interests |

|(1) Land was distributed equally between social classes. |(3) colonialism could be used to spread |

|(2) Territorial divisions were primarily established using tribal|European civilization |

|boundaries. |(4) interdependence was a significant obstacle to waging war |

|(3) Natural resources were exploited for the benefit of European | |

|powers. | |

|(4) Timbuktu became the center of great | |

|learning. | |

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