Traffic Signal Operatios - Toronto

TRAFFIC SIGNAL OPERATIONS

POLICIES &

STRATEGIES

Transportation Services | May 2015

DOCUMENT CONTROL

Contact Information For more information related to this Policy, please contact:

Manager, ITS Operations Traffic Management Centre Transportation Services Division 5th Floor, 703 Don Mills Rd Toronto, ON M3C 3N3 Phone: 416-392-8826 Fax: 416-397-5777

Amendment History

No. Details

1 Version 1 prepared by Rajnath Bissessar, Landy Cheung, and Hao Le

Version Version 1

Revision Date (YYYY/MM/DD)

2015/05/07

APPROVAL

The version of this document dated May 7, 2015 was approved by:

Original signed by M. Currie

Myles Currie Director, Traffic Management Centre Transportation Services Division 5th Floor, 703 Don Mills Rd Toronto, ON M3C 3N3

Date: November 4, 2015

Original signed by S. Buckley

Stephen Buckley General Manager Transportation Services Division Toronto City Hall 24th Floor E, 100 Queen St W Toronto, ON M5H 2N2

Date: November 13, 2015

Traffic Management Centre ITS Operations

Traffic Signal Operations

Policies and Strategies

Table of Contents

ABBREVIATIONS..........................................................................................................VI

GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................VIII

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................ XIV

1. GUIDING PRINCIPLES............................................................................................ 1

1.1. Purpose of the Policy ................................................................................................ 1

1.2. Users of the Policy..................................................................................................... 1

1.3. Guiding Principles ..................................................................................................... 1

1.4. Road Classification System ...................................................................................... 1

1.5. Use of this Policy ....................................................................................................... 2

1.6. Updating the Policy ................................................................................................... 2

2. TRAFFIC SIGNAL OPERATIONS RESPONSIBILITIES ......................................... 2

2.1. ITSO Responsibilities ................................................................................................ 2

2.1.1. TSOG ................................................................................................................... 2

2.1.2. RESCU/ATM......................................................................................................... 2

2.1.3. SSG...................................................................................................................... 3

2.2. DTO Responsibilities................................................................................................. 3

2.3. MTO Responsibilities ................................................................................................ 3

2.4. TPIM Responsibilities ................................................................................................ 3

2.5. ITSC Responsibilities ................................................................................................ 4

2.6. EMC Responsibilities ................................................................................................ 4

3. ADMINISTRATION................................................................................................... 4

3.1. Education and Training ............................................................................................. 4

3.2. Archival Records ....................................................................................................... 5

3.3. Signal Timing Reports ............................................................................................... 5

3.3.1. Current Signal Timing ........................................................................................... 5

3.3.2. Historical Signal Timing ........................................................................................ 5

3.4. Capacity Analysis Software ...................................................................................... 6

4. TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS.............................................................................. 6

4.1. Traffic Control Systems............................................................................................. 6

4.2. Adaptive Traffic Control System............................................................................... 7

4.3. Responsive Traffic Control System (RTCS) ............................................................. 8

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4.4. System Monitoring and Performance....................................................................... 9

5. TRAFFIC SIGNAL OPERATIONS ........................................................................... 9

5.1. Warrant Analysis........................................................................................................ 9

5.1.1. Pedestrian Crossovers.......................................................................................... 9 5.1.2. Intersection and Midblock Pedestrian Signals ......................................................10 5.1.3. Exculsive Bicycle Signals.....................................................................................12 5.1.4. Traffic Signals ......................................................................................................12

5.2. Mode of Control ........................................................................................................13

5.3. Timing........................................................................................................................15

5.3.1. Minimum Green Interval.......................................................................................15

5.3.2. Amber Clearance Interval for Through Phase ......................................................16

5.3.3. All-Red Clearance Interval for Through Phase .....................................................16

5.3.4. Amber Clearance Interval for Left-Turn Phase .....................................................17

5.3.5. All-Red Clearance Interval for Left-Turn Phase....................................................17

5.3.6. Pedestrian Clearance and Walk Speed................................................................17

5.3.7. Vehicle Passage Time .........................................................................................18

5.4. Phasing......................................................................................................................19

5.4.1. Protected/Permissive Left-Turn Phasing ..............................................................19

5.4.2. Fully Protected Left-Turn Phasing........................................................................21

5.4.3. Protected/Permissive Right-Turn Phasing ? with Right-Turn Green Arrow...........21

5.4.4. Fully Protected Right-Turn Phasing ? with Right-Turn Green Arrow.....................22

5.4.5. Phasing for Offset Intersections ...........................................................................23

5.4.6. Sequence of Intervals in Pedestrian Phase..........................................................24

5.4.7. Single-Stage & Multi-Stage Pedestrian Crossing .................................................24

5.4.8. Pedestrian Priority Phase (PPP) ..........................................................................25

5.4.9. Leading Pedestrian Interval .................................................................................27

5.4.10. Delayed Vehicle Interval...................................................................................28

5.4.11. Bicycle Phase for Exclusive Bicycle Signals .....................................................28

5.5. Cycle Length .............................................................................................................29

5.6. Signal Timing Plans..................................................................................................30

5.6.1. Peak Period Plans ...............................................................................................30

5.6.2. Off-Peak Period Plans .........................................................................................31

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5.6.3. Night Plans ..........................................................................................................31 5.6.4. Construction Timing Plans ...................................................................................32 5.6.5. TTC Diversion Timing Plans ................................................................................32 5.6.6. Emergency Timing Plans .....................................................................................33 5.6.7. Special Events Timing Plans................................................................................33 5.6.8. Weather-Related Timing Plans ............................................................................34 5.6.9. Other Timing Plans ..............................................................................................35 5.7. Signal Coordination..................................................................................................35

5.7.1. Design Strategy ...................................................................................................35

5.7.2. Traffic Signal Spacing ..........................................................................................37

5.7.3. Frequency of Signal Coordination Studies ...........................................................37

5.7.4. Travel Speed for Coordination .............................................................................37

5.7.5. Measures of Effectiveness ...................................................................................37

5.8. Cross-Jurisdictional Signal Coordination...............................................................38

5.9. Pre-emptions.............................................................................................................38

5.9.1. Railway Crossing Pre-emption.............................................................................38

5.9.2. Emergency Vehicle Pre-emption..........................................................................39

5.9.3. Transit Signal Priority...........................................................................................39

5.10. Miscellaneous Signals and Devices ........................................................................40

5.10.1. Pedestrian Countdown Signals.........................................................................40

5.10.2. Walk Rest Modifier ...........................................................................................41

5.10.3. Accessible Pedestrian Signals..........................................................................42

5.10.4. Pedestrian Crossing Time at a PXO .................................................................43

5.10.5. Reversible Lane Signals...................................................................................43

5.10.6. Changeable Lane Use Signs at Intersections ...................................................45

5.10.7. Automated Ramp Gates ...................................................................................45

5.10.8. Ramp Metering.................................................................................................46

5.10.9. Intersection Flash .............................................................................................47

5.10.10. Temporary Traffic Signals ................................................................................47

5.10.11. Portable Temporary Traffic Signals ..................................................................48

5.10.12. Active Advance Warning Flashers....................................................................48

5.10.13. Uninterrupted Power Supply.............................................................................50

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5.10.14. Police Manual Control at Traffic Signals ...........................................................50

5.11. Arterial Coverage ......................................................................................................51

REFERENCES.............................................................................................................. 52

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 5-1. Single Pedestrian Crossover (Single PXO) .............................................................10

Figure 5-2. Split Pedestrian Crossover (Split PXO) ...................................................................10

Figure 5-3. Intersection Pedestrian Signals (IPS)......................................................................11

Figure 5-4. Midblock Pedestrian Signals (MPS) ........................................................................11

Figure 5-5. Exclusive Bicycle Signals ? Lawrence Ave/Brimley Ave..........................................12

Figure 5-6. Mode of Control ? Fixed Time (FXT) .......................................................................13

Figure 5-7. Mode of Control ? Semi-actuated (SA)....................................................................14

Figure 5-8. Mode of Control ? Semi-actuated Pedestrian (SAP) ...............................................14

Figure 5-9. Mode of Control ? Semi-actuated Vehicle (SAV).....................................................14

Figure 5-10. Mode of Control ? Pedestrian Actuated (PA).........................................................15

Figure 5-11. Types of Protected/Permissive Left-Turn Phasing.................................................20

Figure 5-12. Types of Fully Protected Left-Turn Phasing ..........................................................21

Figure 5-13. Protected/Permissive Right-Turn Phasing.............................................................22

Figure 5-14. Fully Protected Right-Turn Phasing.......................................................................23

Figure 5-15. "Far-Right" Offset Intersection (left) & "Near-Right" Offset Intersection (right) .......24

Figure 5-16. Single-Stage Crossing (left) & Multi-Stage Crossing (right) ? University Ave/Dundas

St ..............................................................................................................................................25

Figure 5-17. Intersection with Pedestrian Priority Phase (PPP) ? Yonge St/Dundas St .............26

Figure 5-18. Type 3 Pedestrian Priority Phasing (PPP).............................................................27

Figure 5-19. Leading Pedestrian Interval (LPI) ..........................................................................28

Figure 5-20. Delayed Vehicle Interval (DLI)...............................................................................28

Figure 5-21. Pedestrian Countdown Signal (PCS) ? Renforth Dr/Convair Dr ............................41

Figure 5-22. Walk Rest Modifier (WRM) operation relative to vehicle green, amber, and all-red

intervals ....................................................................................................................................41

Figure 5-23. Accessible Pedestrian Signal (APS) Pushbutton ? Lawrence Ave/Brimley Ave.....43

Figure 5-24. Reversible Lane Signals ? Jarvis St ......................................................................44

Figure 5-25. WB Ramp Gate (top) & EB Ramp Gate (bottom) ? Gardiner Expressway/Jameson

Ave ...........................................................................................................................................46

Figure 5-26. Ramp Metering Signal ? Queen Elizabeth Way/Cawthra Rd (Mississauga, ON) ...47

Figure 5-27. Active Advance Warning Flashers (AAWF) ? Warden Ave/Ellesmere Rd..............49

Figure 5-28. Toronto's Transportation Operations Centre (TOC)...............................................51

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