Mineral ID chart - The Happy Scientist
Common Mineral Identification Chart
Streak Hardness Cleavage/ Fracture
Other Properties
Scratched Black by
fingernail
Scratched by penny
Black
1
1-Cleavage Greasy feel,
writes on paper
2.5 3-Cubic
Bright silver, heavy
Cleavage
Metallic
Won't scratch
Gray to Black
3
Rough
Fracture
Luster glass
Greenish 3.5 Rough
Black
Fracture
"Peacock ore" Bronze color tarnishes to bright blues and purples.
Softer and darker yellow than pyrite.
Uses
Mineral
Pencil "lead", steel Graphite making, lubricant
Lead ore
Galena
Copper ore
Bornite
Copper ore
Chalcopyrite
Will
Greenish
6
Rough
"Fools Gold", Brassy yellow.
scratch Black
Fracture
Often forms cubic crystals
glass
Black
6
Rough
"Lode Stone", Magnetic.
Fracture
Production of sulfuric acid
Iron ore
Pyrite Magnetite
Rust Red
6
Rough Fracture
Can also be nonmetallic. Color Iron ore, jewelry ranges from bright silver to brick
Hematite
red.
Copyright ? 2011 Robert Krampf. All Rights Reserved.
Streak
Scratched by fingernail
White
Yellow Brown
NonMetallic Luster
White White White
Hardness Cleavage/ Fracture
1
1-Cleavage
Other Properties
Earthy or pearly luster. Soapy feel.
1 to 5.5 Earthy Fracture
2
1-Good
Cleavage
2.5 3-Cubic Cleavage
2
1-Perfect
Cleavage
Earthy luster, yellow to almost black. Technically not a mineral, as it lacks a crystalline structure. Vitreous to earthy luster
Dissolves in water, salty taste
Peels apart in thin, transparent sheets
Uses Baby powder, paints, ceramics Iron ore
Plaster
table salt
Insulation
Scratched by penny
White White
3
3-Perfect Vitreous luster. Breaks into
Cement
Cleavage rhombohedrons. Fizzes in dilute
HCl.
3
1-Cleavage Heavy,
Paints, oil drilling lubricant
Won't scratch glass
Yellow White
White
3.5 6-Cleavage Resinous luster,
Zinc ore
4
4-Cleavage Vitreous luster, commonly purple, Fluorine for
green, yellow, or clear.
toothpaste, Steel
making
5
Fracture
Vitreous or earthy luster,
Phosphate for fertilizer
Mineral Talc Limonite Gypsum Halite Muscovite Calcite Barite Sphalerite Fluorite Apatite
Copyright ? 2011 Robert Krampf. All Rights Reserved.
Will scratch glass
NonMetallic Luster
Streak None
Hardness Cleavage/ Fracture
6
2 Good
Cleavage
Other Properties Smooth cleavage planes
Uses
ceramics, porcelain
None
6
2 Good
Striations on cleavage planes
ceramics
Cleavage
None
6 - 7.5 Uneven Fracture
Vitreous to resinous luster
Abrasives, gemstone
None
7
Conchoidal Vitreous luster, six sided crystals, glass, source of
Fracture
silicon
None None
7
Uneven
Vitreous luster, crystals have
Fracture
strong striations running
lengthwise.
gemstone
7
Uneven
Often forms cross shaped crystal jewelry
Fracture
twins
Mineral Orthoclase Plagioclase Garnet Quartz Tourmaline Staurolite
Copyright ? 2011 Robert Krampf. All Rights Reserved.
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