Bronx High School of Science



Test on: Wednesday, March 4, 2015Study Guide Key Words: Charlemagne Holy Roman Empire VikingsFeudalism (compare & contrast with Manorialism)Manorialism (compare & contrast with Feudalism)SerfVassal LordfiefNicene CreedCeltics/Britons Anglo SaxonsThe Clergy: Popes, monsignors, bishops, priests (note their hierarchy)PopeExcommunicationInterdictionPapal supremacyHoly trinityHeresy/hereticSecularSacraments Agricultural revolutionCommercial revolution guildusuryWilliam the ConquerorEngland’s Magna Carta (effect on England’s Government)Lay investitureConcordat of WormsPope Gregory VII and Henry IV (Holy Roman Empire)Henry II and Thomas Beckett (note their rivalry)Pope Urban II and Alexius I (note their relationship)The Great Schism in the Christian ChurchSaladinRichard the LionheartScholasticismThomas AquinasDante AlighieriFlying buttressJohn Wycliffe and Jan Hus (see your homework)Vernacular The Black Death/Bubonic PlagueKey Questions: You will need to know how to label a map: Mediterranean Sea, Middle East, Arabian Peninsula, Western Europe, Byzantine Empire, Africa, Rome, ConstantinopleWhat was Europe like after the Fall of Rome? Why do some historians refer to the Middle Ages as “the Dark Ages?” How did Charlemagne strengthen Frankish rule?What conditions/factors led to the development of feudalism? What is the difference between Feudalism and Manorialism? Why were manors called self-sufficient worlds?How did feudalism provide for the needs of the people? What was each class in society responsible for “giving” to the system? What did they get in return? (see the pyramid we filled out in class together). How was living under the feudal system difficult? Why did people do it if it was so hard?How did the invasion of the Romans alter the lifestyle of the Britons?How did the Anglo-Saxons change life in Brittania?Why did the Viking invasion help the Anglo Saxons to unite?How did the Magna Carta challenge the King’s power? What groups of people had problems with the powers of the monarchy growing? What types of rights did the Magna Carta protect? Why would King John ever agree to sign this document? How did the Roman Catholic Church dominate life in the Middle Ages? How was it structured? What are some of the important Catholic beliefs and how did those beliefs allow the power of the Church to grow? How was the Church both a positive/negative influence on the people? What was the relationship like between the Church and kings in the early middle ages? (hint: Charlemagne)Why was there conflict between Popes and emperors in the High Middle Ages?Make sure you know the results of the arguments centered around lay investiture, taxing and trying clergy membersWhat conflict sparked the Crusades? Why were western Christians (the Pope/Church, nobles, knights, serfs) motivated to become involved? What types of obstacles (geographic or other) stood in their way?Make sure you also know/review the answers from your video worksheet on the Crusades!Despite geographic obstacles, why were Western Christians initially successful? How did Christians and Muslims treat each other during the Crusades?Why was Jerusalem an important to have control over? (i.e. Why were the religions even fighting over it?)How did the Crusades impact Western Europe? What were some negative and positive outcomes of the Crusades? (i.e think about the impact on society, economy, culture, politics, etc). How did Dante’s Inferno reflect Christian themes? What are the differences between Romanesque and Gothic architecture? How did this new architecture impact religion? How did the push for new architecture/churches reinforce the Roman Catholic Church? What is the Black Death? How did it spread to Europe/across Europe? What were the social, religious, and economic effects of the Black Death? Why did reformers start to criticize the church? How did the church respond? What were the criticisms against the Church during the Middle Ages? What did John Wycliffe and Jan Hus advocate for? What happened to them?Overall themes: What were some reasons for the growth of anti-Semitism in Middle Ages? What were some of the factors/reasons for the decline of feudalism? ................
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