Activity 1.1.1 History of Civil Engineering and Archtiecture



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|Activity 1.1.1 History of Civil Engineering and Architecture |

Introduction

Can you name any of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World? Each was a feat of civil engineering and architecture. What causes structures such as these to fill us with awe even today? What is it that makes them seem more wondrous in our time of modernization? These structures have paved the way for many new advances in the design of the structures you see today.

In this activity you will learn about the history of civil engineering and architecture. You will see differences between the two professions and learn of their beginnings.

Equipment

History of Civil Engineering and Architecture presentation

Procedure

In this activity you will investigate the history of civil engineering and architecture. You will see differences between the two professions and learn of their beginnings.

Define civil engineering.

A form of engineering dealing with building for public use.

Define architecture.

Architecture is similar to civil engineering except architects focus on human habitats rather than public services

Describe the origination of the concept of architecture?

They needed to protect people

In ancient times how were building materials chosen?

In ancient times building materials were chosen by availability and climate

Give two examples of vernacular architecture.

An igloo and an African hut

Name and describe the type of system used to create many early buildings.

Vernacular Architecture, it is a form of construction that uses locally available materials to construct local things.

What was the purpose of the Egyptian pyramids? Mexican pyramids?

The purpose of Egyptian pyramids was to build a tomb for the pharoah’s and the purpose of the Mexican pyramids was to worship their gods.

What kind of construction method was used to build the Parthenon? Made a simple sketch to illustrate.

Post and lintel

What problem in architecture led to this form of construction?

Need of openings in buildings and added structural integrity

Explain how an arch is created.

They build a frame of the arch and then lay the voussoir’s on it

How is the vault used in civil engineering?

Its used by making many arches at the same time

Give an example of an arch and dome system.

Give an example of a modern material we have that was not available to the ancients. How did this restrict construction in ancient times?

Steel is a modern material we have that was not available to the ancients. It restricted construction in ancient times by what forms they could built and their height

What was the purpose of the Roman aqueducts?

To transport clean water

Compare ancient Greek roads to ancient Roman roads.

Greek roads were more straight and flat and roman roads were more rocky and not as flat

Describe an ancient Roman bridge.

Roman bridges were made using arches, common materials included concrete and stone

How did building materials and methods change after the Romans?

People started using stone and masonry to build castles. One difference is that some medieval places used pointed spires instead of domes.

Conclusion

1. Give an example of a modern pyramid not shown in the presentation. How does its function differ from that of the Egyptian pyramids? What do you think accounts for this difference?

Just recently I went to las vegas and there’s a hotel called the Luxor, and basically every hotel in las vegas is based on something. And the luxor is based on Egypt and is basically one giant pyramid, its very beautiful. The function differs in that in Egypt they used it as tombs for pharoah’s while the luxor pyramid is used as a gimmick to make people come visit their casino and stay in the hotel.

Give an example of a modern structure that uses an arch and dome system.

The national centre for performance arts in china. Specifically Beijing.

What is the main purpose of modern roads? How is the cost of modern roadways defrayed?

The main purpose for modern roads is basically just for transportation. Or movement. The cost of modern roadways is defrayed by the money that people get taken from their paycheck every month, and the extra 9 cents we pay for every dollar. So basically taxes.[pic]

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