NAME______________________________ PER



DAY 1

NAME______________________________ PER. ____ DATE _________________ TEA CHER COPY

CHAPTER 6 LESSON 1 NOTES

THE 2ND CLASSICAL EMPIRE OF THE WESTERN WORLD – ROME

| |located in center of the Italian Peninsula which is approx. mid- |

|Geography |point in the Mediterranean Sea on Europe |

| |Apennine Mountains run the length of most of the peninsula |

| |Roman ancestors, the Latins, settled along the Tiber River |

| |ideal location for trading & colonizing & practicing imperialism |

|Geographical |(conquering other lands and peoples for raw materials and markets) |

|benefits |mountains provided fertile land & grazing pasture, supporting a |

| |growing population |

| |the Tiber became a centralized location for trade up and down the |

| |river; the city of Rome eventually developed as center of the Tiber |

| |in 509 B.C. the Romans drove out the Etruscans, after having |

| |adopted their alphabet (from the Phoenicians) and technology. |

| |pledging never to be ruled by kings again who abused their power, |

| |the Romans set up a republic, |

| |whereby some officials are chosen by the people |

| |in the early republic, the senate dominated the government. Its |

| |members were patricians, or the aristocratic citizens of Rome. Two consuls were chosen for one-year terms each. In |

|Rome’s republic |times of crisis, a dictator would be chosen for a 6-month term only |

| |Little by little, the plebeians, or common Roman citizens, gained |

| |some political power. They received the Twelve Tables in Rome’s Forum. They gained the right to elect their own |

| |officials called Tribunes. The tribunes could veto, or block, laws that they felt harmed plebeians |

| |the United States’ Constitution would adopt Roman ideas of |

| |government, such as the senate, the veto, & checks & balances on political power |

| | By about 270 B.C., Rome controlled most of the Italian Peninsula. |

| |Rome’s expansion in Italy was successful because of Rome’s: |

| |skilled diplomacy (art of tactful negotiations) |

| |a loyal, well-trained army of citizen-soldiers collectively called |

| |legions |

| |fair treatment of defeated enemies (like the Persians) giving |

|Rome’s practice of imperialism |them citizenship rights |

| |After gaining control of the Italian Peninsula, Rome began to build an |

| |empire around the Mediterranean |

| |Romans followed a policy of imperialism, establishing control over |

| |foreign lands and peoples |

| |Carthage (a Phoenician trading giant colony in what is now Tunisia, |

| |Africa and an enemy in the Punic Wars), Macedonia, Greece, and parts of Asia Minor became Roman provinces, or lands |

| |under Roman rule. |

NAME_________________________________ PER.___DATE________________________ DAY 2

CHAPTER 6 LESSON 1 NOTES TEACHER NOTES

| | Julius Gaius Caesar forms a consulate known as the [First] |

| |Triumvirate (rule by three), eventually taking complete power when |

| |Caesar forces the Senate to make him dictator |

| |Caesar institutes reforms to try to save Rome’s many poor |

| |plebeians. |

| |Caesar is killed by Senate enemies on the Ides of March in 44 B.C. |

| |because some of its members feared he planned to make himself king. |

|Rome’s civil Wars |More civil wars break out with Caesar’s assassination |

| |A Second Triumvirate is formed to avenge the death of Caesar. |

| |Octavian defeats Mark Antony and Egypt’s queen Cleopatra VII at |

| |the Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece in a struggle for power. |

| |The Roman senate bestows Octavian with the title of Augustus, or |

| |“Exalted One” in 31 B.C. |

| |The 500-year old “republic” comes to an end. The age of the |

| |Roman empire begins. |

| |Augustus laid the foundation for a stable government that would |

| |function well for over 200 years. This period is called the Pax Romana (Roman Peace) |

| |created efficient civil service (government employees) to enforce the |

| |laws |

| |opened up high-level jobs to men of merit rather than according to |

|Rome’s empire and the reforms of |birth. |

|Emperor Augustus |ordered a census, or population count, in order to make the tax |

| |system fairer. |

| |set up a postal service (like the Persians) |

| |first to use a material called concrete to construct buildings to save |

| |money (but overlaid the new buildings with decorative marble to make the new constructions appear expensive and |

| |extravagant) |

| |added lands, including Britannia |

|The Julio-Claudian Emperors follow |opened the Colosseum (Rome’s sporting arena) and the Circus |

|the rule of Augustus |Maximus (Rome’s largest race course) to entertain the jobless masses and provided free bread to the poor |

| |persecuted Christians to encourage a sense of loyalty to the Roman |

| |gods and, therefore, to the emperors |

| |built the Pantheon temple in Rome’s Forum (the showplace of the |

| |ancient world) |

| |built Hadrian’s Wall in Britannia to keep out barbarians in the Roman |

|The Good or Adoptive Emperors |Empire’s northern frontier (outer boundaries of empire) |

| |introduced the practice of common law (laws, based on previous |

| |judges’ decisions that have been passed down from one generation to |

| |the next and adopted by the U.S. and other countries |

| |death of Marcus Aurelius ends Pax Romana and Rome’s Golden Age |

| |around 240 A.D. |

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