PS 355 Contemporary Feminist Thought: Women and War



POSC 227 Agenda Setting Through Speeches and Debates

|Winter 2009 |Barbara Allen, ballen@carleton.edu |

|Tue/Thu 10:15–11:55 |Office hours by appt: Mon-Thu |

|CMC 210 |Sign-up Willis 408 |

The Course

Can political speeches like the State of the Union Address really set the agenda for the Congress and the country? How do election campaign speeches set an agenda and control the discourse among journalists, citizens, and candidate? Are debates just another form of the campaign stump speech, or do they offer a different view of candidates for office? How do debates figure into an overall campaign strategy to augment or be prefigured by political advertising? Can debates and campaign ads set an agenda for candidate and country? What about the spin? Do media set the agenda for the candidates? Who spins and what can citizens do to cut through the web? What do debates and speeches reveal about the political psychology of candidates and office holders: about how they process information and make decisions? These are a few of the questions we will address in our survey of the literature on political psychology and the formal communication of political speeches and, during an election campaign, debates, the stump speech, and election advertising.

Readings

The readings for the course have been drawn from a number of books and journal articles available on reserve at the library. You may make copies for your personal use.

Assignments

We will analyze the speeches, debates, and short “speech/web ads” from election 2008, comparing these with speeches, debates, and campaign communication from other presidential campaigns. We will also content analyze President Obama’s 2009 inaugural address, “A New Birth of Freedom,” compare it to the inaugural addresses of other US presidents, and consider its potential agenda setting effects. We will report our research findings at various stages throughout the term (noted below), so that you can choose a topic and use the data collected by the class to write an analytical paper on agenda setting 2008.

Grades will be computed as follows:

Content Analysis of Inaugural Speeches 20

Content Analysis of Key Election 2008 Speeches 20

Content Analysis of News Coverage Election 2008 Debates & Speeches 20

Analytical Paper on Agenda Setting 2008 30

Participation 10

Total 100%

Part 1: Words and Deeds: Elements of Style and Analysis

Tues Jan 6 Foundations of Rhetorical Analysis and the Concept of Agenda Setting

Overview and discussion of rhetorical style and analytical approaches

Thurs Jan 8 Fantasy Theme Analysis

Read: Ernest G. Bormann. 1985. The Force of Fantasy: Restoring the American Dream. Southern Illinois University Press. “The Critical Analysis of Seminal American Fantasies,” pp. 1–25.

Ernest G. Bormann, “The Eagleton Affair: A Fantasy Theme Analysis,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 59 (August 1973) 143–59.

Tues Jan 13 I. Controlling the Rhetorical Frame

Read: Mary E. Stuckey and Frederick J. Antczak. 1995. “The Battle of Issues and Images: Establishing Interpretive Dominance, in Presidential Campaign Discourse: Strategic Communication Problems. Albany: State University of New York Press. 93–116.

David Lewis, Dennis, Rogers, and Michael Woolcock. 2008. “The Fiction of Development: Literary Representations as a Source of Authoritative Knowledge,” Journal of Development Studies. 44, 2: 198–216.

II. Past as Prologue—Rhetoric of History

Read: Culpepper Clark and Raymie E. McKerrow. 1998. “The Rhetorical Construction of History,” in Doing Rhetorical History, Kathleen J. Turner, ed. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. 33–46.

Bruce E. Gronbeck. 1998. “The Rhetorics of the Past: History, Argument, and Collective Memory,” in Doing Rhetorical History, Kathleen J. Turner, ed. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. 47–60.

Thurs Jan 15 Words as Deeds

Read: Robert Paine. 1981. “When Saying is Doing,” in Politically Speaking: Cross-Cultural Studies of Rhetoric, Robert Paine, ed. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues 9–23.

Ernest G. Bormann. 1985. The Force of Fantasy: Restoring the American Dream. Southern Illinois University Press. “The Style of Antislavery Rhetoric: Revolutionary Agitation versus Reform Persuasion” pp. 171–195.

Karlyn Kohrs Campbell and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. 1990. Deeds Done in Words, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. “[Ch 1] The Rhetorical Presidency,” 1–13; “[Ch 2] Inaugural Addresses,” 14–36

John F. Kennedy. 1963. “Radio-Television Report to the American People on Civil Rights, June 11, 1963.”



Tues Jan 20 “A New Birth of Freedom” as Theme for:

The Inauguration of the Barack Obama, 44th President of the United States.

*******No Class Meeting******Watch inauguration*********

Read: Ernest G. Bormann. 1985. The Force of Fantasy: Restoring the American Dream. Southern Illinois University Press. “The Rhetorical Vision of Abraham Lincoln,” pp. 196–222.

Abraham Lincoln. 1861. “First Inaugural Address, Washington, D.C. March 4, 1861.



Abraham Lincoln. 1863. “Address Delivered at the Dedication of the Cemetery at Gettysburg, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, November 19, 1863.”



Abraham Lincoln. 1863. “Emancipation Proclamation”



Abraham Lincoln. 1863. Second Inaugural Address, Washington, D.C. March 4, 1865.



Louis Einhorn. 1995. “Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865),” in US Presidents As Orators: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook, Halford Ryan, ed.Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 77–92.

Part 2 Setting Out a Vision; Setting Out Policy—Setting an Agenda?

Thurs Jan 22 I. The Inaugural Address

Read: James N. Druckman and Justin W. Holmes. 2004. “Does Presidential Rhetoric Matter? Priming and Presidential Approval,” Presidential Studies Quarterly 34, 4: 755–778.

II. The Visual in Rhetorical Analysis

Roland Barthes. 1999 [1964] and [1973]. “Rhetoric of the Image” and “Myth Today” in Visual Culture: The Reader. Jessica Evans and Stuart Hall, ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 33–40 and 51–58.

Rec: Jeffery Tulis. 1984. “The Decay of Presidential Rhetoric,” in Rhetoric and American Statesmanship. Glen Thurow and Jeffery Wallin, ed. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.99–110.

Analyze:

Franklin D. Roosevelt. 1933. “First Inaugural Address, Washington, D.C., March 4, 1933.”



Listen at:



John F. Kennedy. 1961. “Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961.”



Richard Nixon. 1969. “First Inaugural Address, Washington, D.C., January 20, 1969.



Richard Nixon. 1973. “Second Inaugural Address, Washington, D.C., January 20, 1973.



Jimmy Carter. 1977. “Inaugural Address, Washington, D.C., January 20, 1977.”

portion at:



View all at:



Read about at: James Fallows. 1979. “The Passionless Presidency: The trouble with Jimmy Carter’s Administration,” The Atlantic Online 243, 5 (May): 33–48.

Ronald Reagan. 1981. “First Inaugural Address” Washington D.C. January 20, 1981.



View:



Ronald Reagan. 1985. “Second Inaugural Address” Washington D.C. January 21, 1985.



William Clinton. 1993. “First Inaugural Address, January 20, 1993.”



William Clinton. 1997. “Second Inaugural Address, January 20, 1997.”



Tues Jan 27 The Agenda Setting Literature: Framing, Priming and Media Effects

Read: Dietram Scheufele and David Tewksbury “Framing, Agenda Setting, and Priming: The Evolution of Three Media Effects Models” in David T. Canon John J. Coleman and Kenneth R Mayer, eds. The Enduring Debate: Classic and contemporary Readings in American Politics 5th edition. New York: WW Norton, 2008, pp. 342–347.

Lyn Ragsdale. 1984. “The Politics of Presidential Speechmaking, 1949-1980,” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 78, No. 4 (Dec., 1984), pp. 971-984.

Ronald Reagan. 1983. “Address to the National Association of Evangelicals [‘Evil Empire’]” Orlando, FL. March 8, 1983.



Ronald Reagan. 1984. “Address at the U.S. Ranger Monument, 40th Anniversary of D-Day, Pointe du Hoc, France, June 6, 1984.



Ronald Reagan. 1984. “Address at the Omaha Beach Memorial, 40th Anniversary of D-Day, Omaha Beach, France, June 6, 1984.



View:



Thurs Jan 29 Agenda Setting and Image Management: Convention and Stump Speeches

Kathleen E. Kendall. 1995. “The Problem of Beginning in New Hampshire: Control over the Play,” in Presidential Campaign Discourse: Strategic Communication Problems. Albany: State University of New York Press. 1–34.

David Henry. 1988. “Senator John F. Kennedy Encounters the Religious Question: ‘I am Not the Catholic Candidate for President,’” in Oratorical Encounters. Westport CT: Greenwood Press. 153–173.

Vito N. Silvestri. 1995. “John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917–1963),” in US Presidents As Orators: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook, Halford Ryan, ed. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 210–227.

Abraham Lincoln. 1858. “House Divided Speech, Springfield, Illinois, June 16, 1858.”



Abraham Lincoln. 1860. “Address at Cooper Institute, New York City, February 27, 1860.”



John F. Kennedy. 1960. “Speech to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association, Houston, Texas, September 12, 1960.”



And At:



John F. Kennedy. 1963. “Remarks Prepared for Delivery at the Trade Mart in Dallas, Texas, November 22, 1963.”



Richard Nixon. 1960. Remarks by Vice President Richard Nixon at the Meeting of the American Nationalities Committee for Nixon-Lodge, Washington Hotel, Washington, DC, September 19, 1960



Richard Nixon 1968. “Acceptance Speech Republican Nomination for President.” Miami Beach, FL August 8, 1968.



Ronald Reagan. 1964. “A Time for Choosing,” Oct. 27, 1964. Presidential Nomination





Ronald Reagan. 1980. “Acceptance Address,” Republican National Convention, Detroit, July 17, 1980.



Ronald Reagan, “Remarks Accepting the Presidential Nomination at the Republican National Convention in Dallas, Texas” August 23., 1984 at:



Tues Feb 3 Report Research Findings: Content Analysis of “A New Birth of Freedom,” other inaugural addresses, and other Obama speeches

Read: Barack Obama “A More Perfect Union,” Philadelphia, March 18, 2008

Transcript: :



Barack Obama “Speech to the Democratic National Convention,” Denver, CO, August 28, 2008

Transcript:



Watch:



John McCain “Speech to the Republican National Convention,” St. Paul, MN, September 4, 2008

Transcript:



Watch:



Read: Transcript and View Video of “Media Tackles Sensitive Race Issue in 2008 Election NPR 7 May 2008 Found at:



Paul M. Kellsedt 2003. “[Ch 4] Media Framing and the Dynamics of Racial Policy Preferences,” The Mass Media and the Dynamics of American Racial Attitudes. New York: Cambridge University Press. 83–105.

Dexter B. Gordon. 2003. “[Ch 1] The Making of a Constitutive Rhetoric of Black Ideology,” Black Identity: Rhetoric, Ideology, and Nineteenth-Century Black Nationalism. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. 1–39

Philip Wander. 1990. “Political Rhetoric and the Un-American Tradition,” in Martin J. Medhurst, Robert L. Ivie, Philip Wander, and Robert L. Scott. Cold War Rhetoric: Strategy, Metaphor, and Ideology. Westport, CT: Praeger. 185–200.

Rec: Robert M. Entman and Andrew Rojecki, “(Ch 7) Affirming Discord” and “(Ch 8 Black Power,” The Black Image in the White Mind: Media and Race in America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000).

Dexter B. Gordon. 2003. “[Ch 6] The Ideology of Black nationalism and American Culture,” Black Identity: Rhetoric, Ideology, and Nineteenth-Century Black Nationalism. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. 161–203.

Thurs Feb 5 Research Findings: The Obama “Blueprint for Change” and the McCain “Virtual Town Meetings”

|Blueprint for Change: Technology |First Virtual Town Hall Meeting |

| | |

|Blueprint for Change: Education |Virtual Town Hall Meeting Country First |

| | |

|Blueprint for Change: Fiscal Discipline |Virtual Town Hall Meeting Anywhere, Any Time |

| | |

|Blueprint for Change: Ethics |Virtual Town Hall Meeting Wrong on Iraq, Wrong on Afghanistan |

| | |

|Blueprint for Change: Healthcare |Virtual Town Hall Meeting Spending |

| | |

|Blueprint for Change: Immigration |Virtual Town Hall Meeting Oil Prices |

| | |

|Blueprint for Change: Foreign Policy |Virtual Town Hall Meeting Housing |

| | |

|Blueprint for Change: Iraq |Virtual Town Hall Meeting Health Care |

| | |

|Blueprint for Change: Economy |John McCain Town Hall Meeting Nashville, TN |

| | |

|Blueprint for Change: Service |John McCain on Climate Change |

| | |

|Blueprint for Change: Social Security |John McCain Speaks on Memorial Day 26 May 2008 |

| | |

|Blueprint for Change: Energy |John McCain on Nuclear Security |

| | |

|Barack Obama, in the Virginia Rain 27 Sept 2008 |John McCain on Energy Security |

| | |

| |John McCain on Out-of-Control Spending |

| | |

| |John McCain Why We Must Win War in Iraq |

| | |

| |John McCain Statement on Wall Street |

| | |

| |John McCain Straight Talk on Immigration |

| | |

| |John McCain Ethics Reform |

| | |

Mon Feb 9 ****************MIDTERM BREAK******************

Tues Feb 10 I. The Rhetorical Construction of the “Past” and “Future:” Implications

for Politics & Policy in the “Present”

Read: Moya Ann Ball. 1998. “Theoretical Implications of Doing Rhetorical History: Groupthink, Foreign Policy Making, and Vietnam,” in Doing Rhetorical History, Kathleen J. Turner, ed. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. 61–71.

Rebecca Bjork. 1992. “[Ch 1] Toward a Rhetorical Understanding of SDI,” and “[Ch 4] The Symbolic Power of SDI,” The Strategic Defense Initiative. Albany: State University of New York Press. 1–20 and 65–90.

Denise M. Bostdorff. 1994. “[Ch 2] The Rhetoric of Deflection: John F. Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962,” The Presidency and the Rhetoric of Foreign Crisis. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. 25–55.

Geoffrey Whitehall, “The Problem of the ‘World and Beyond’: Encountering the ‘Other’ in Science Fiction,” To Seek Out New Worlds: Exploring Links between Science Fiction and World Politics, ed. Jutta Weldes, New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2003 pp. 169–193.

Ronald Reagan, “Address to the Nation on Defense and National Security” March 23, 1983



II. Speeches Abroad Influence at Home

Dennis M. Simon and Charles W. Ostrom, Jr. 1989. “The Impact of Televised Speeches and Foreign Travel on Presidential Approval” The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 53, No. 1 (Spring), 58-82.

John F. Kennedy. 1963. “Remarks in the Rudolph Wilde Platz, Berlin, June 26, 1963.”



Ronald Reagan. 1985. “Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp Memorial, Germany, May 5, 1985.”



Ronald Reagan. 1985. “Speech at Bitburg Air Base, Germany, May 5, 1985.



Ronald Reagan. 1987. “Address at the Brandenburg Gate (Berlin Wall), Berlin, June 12, 1987.”



View:

Thurs Feb 12 The Domestic Agenda: State of the Union, “The War On…;” and Troubled Times

Jeffrey E. Cohen. 1995. “Presidential Rhetoric and the Public Agenda” American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 39, No. 1 (Feb.), pp. 87-107.

Lyn Ragsdale. 1987. Presidential Speechmaking and the Public Audience: Individual Presidents and Group Attitudes,” The Journal of Politics, Vol. 49, No. 3 (Aug.), pp. 704-736.

Greg Dickinson. 1994. “Creating His Own Constraint: Ronald Reagan and the Iran-Contra Crisis,” in The Modern Presidency and Crisis Rhetoric, Amos Kiewe, ed. Westport, CT: Praeger. 155–178.

Rec: Karlyn Kohrs Campbell and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. 1990. “[Ch 4] State of the Union Addresses,” Deeds Done in Words, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 52–75.

Hal W. Bochin “Richard Milhous Nixon (1913–1944), “in US Presidents As Orators: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook, Halford Ryan, ed.Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 249–73.

Kurt Ritter. 1995. “Ronald Reagan (1911–),” in US Presidents As Orators: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook, Halford Ryan, ed.Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 315–343.

Bill Clinton Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union, January 27, 1998.



View:

Bill Clinton. 1993. “Health Care Reform, September 22, 1993.”



Ronald Reagan. 1986. “Address to the Nation on the Iran-Contra Controversy, November 13, 1986.



Ronald Reagan. 1986. “Address to the Nation on the Investigation of the Iran-Contra Affair, December 2, 1986.



Ronald Reagan “Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union January 27, 1987”



Ronald Reagan. 1987. “Address to the Nation on the Iran-Contra Report, March 4, 1987.



View:

Richard Nixon 1974. “Address on the State of the Union Delivered before a Joint Session of the Congress” January 30, 1974

Download Transcript and watch:



Richard Nixon. 1973. “Address to the Nation about the Watergate Investigations, Washington, D.C. April 30, 1973.



Richard Nixon. 1973. “Second Address to the nation about the Watergate Investigations, Washington, D.C. August 15, 1973.



Tues Feb 17 I. Report on Inaugural Address Agenda Setting: Did “A New Birth of Freedom” have an agenda setting effect? Gain President Obama a “mandate?” Change the public perception of democracy?

II. War Talk: The Foreign Policy Agenda

Karlyn Kohrs Campbell and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. 1990. “[Ch 6] War Rhetoric,” Deeds Done in Words, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 101–126.

Jim A. Kuypers. 1997. “[Ch 3] Agenda-Setting, Agenda-Extension, and Framing Analysis,” Presidential Crisis Rhetoric and the Press in the Post-Cold War World. Westport CT: Praeger. 35–56.

Denise M. Bostdorff. 1994. “[Ch 8] “An Endless Series of Hobgoblins’: The Rhetoric and Politics of Crisis from John Kennedy to George Bush and Beyond,” The Presidency and the Rhetoric of Foreign Crisis. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. 205–240.

Robert L. Ivie. 1990. “Cold War Motives and the Rhetorical Metaphor: A Framework of Criticism,” in Martin J. Medhurst, Robert L. Ivie, Philip Wander, and Robert L. Scott. Cold War Rhetoric: Strategy, Metaphor, and Ideology. Westport, CT: Praeger. 71–79.

An Example:

Martin J. Medhurst. 1990. “Eisenhower’s ‘Atoms for Peace’ Speech: A Case Study in the Strategic Use of Language,” in Martin J. Medhurst, Robert L. Ivie, Philip Wander, and Robert L. Scott. Cold War Rhetoric: Strategy, Metaphor, and Ideology. Westport, CT: Praeger. 29–50.

Dwight D. Eisenhower. 1953. “Address to the UN General Assembly,” New York, 8 December 1953.



For Analysis:

John F. Kennedy. 1963. “Radio-Television Address to the American People on the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, July 26, 1963.”



Richard Nixon. 1969. Address to the Nation on Vietnam (“Silent Majority”), Washington, D.C. November 3, 1969.



Stephen C. Wood and Jean M. DeWitt. 1995. “Bill Clinton (1946),” in US Presidents As Orators: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook, Halford Ryan, ed.Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 361–375.

Bill Clinton. 1993 “Address to the Nation on the Strike on Iraqi Intelligence Headquarters, June 26, 1993.”





Bill Clinton. 1993. “Somalia, October 7, 1993.”





Thurs Feb 19 The Visual Rhetoric of Debate

Read: Susan A. Hellweg, Michael Pfau, and Steven R. Brydon. 1992. “[Ch 4] The Visual Dimension of Presidential Debates,” Televised Presidential Debates: Advocacy in Contemporary America. Westport, CT: Praeger. 71–99.

James Druckman 2003. “The Power of Television Images: The First Kennedy-Nixon Debate Revisited,” The Journal of Politics 65 : 559-571.

Theodore Otto Windt, Jr. 1990. “The 1960 Kennedy–Nixon Presidential Debates,” in Rhetorical Studies of National Political Debates, Robert V. Friedenberg, ed. Westport, CT: Praeger. 1–28.

Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy Debate 1960

Read:



Listen:



Watch:





Tues Feb 24 The Verbal in Debate

I. Verbal Text and Campaign Aims

Read: David J. Lanoue. 1992. “One That Made a Difference: Cognitive Consistency, Political Knowledge, and the 1980 Presidential Debate” The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 56, No. 2 (Summer) 168-184.

Susan A. Hellweg, Michael Pfau, and Steven R. Brydon. 1992. “[Ch 3] The Verbal Dimension of Presidential Debates,” Televised Presidential Debates: Advocacy in Contemporary America. Westport, CT: Praeger. 37–70.

Diana Owen. 1995. “The Debate Challenge,” in Presidential Campaign Discourse: Strategic Communication Problems. Albany: State University of New York Press. 117–134.

Examples: Kurt Ritter and David Henry. 1990. “The 1980 Reagan–Carter Debate,” in Rhetorical Studies of National Political Debates, Robert V. Friedenberg, ed. Westport, CT: Praeger. 69–93.

Craig Allen Smith and Kathy B. Smith. 1990. “The 1984 Reagan–Mondale Presidential Debates,” in Rhetorical Studies of National Political Debates, Robert V. Friedenberg, ed. Westport, CT: Praeger.95–120.

Warren D. Decker.1990. “The 1988 Quayle-Bentsen Vice Presidential Debate,” in Rhetorical Studies of National Political Debates, Robert V. Friedenberg, ed. Westport, CT: Praeger.167–85.

Ronald Reagan. 1980. Debate with Jimmy Carter, Oct. 28, 1980.



Ronald Reagan. 1984. “First Debate with Walter Mondale, October 7, 1984.”



Ronald Reagan. 1984. “Second Debate with Walter Mondale, October 21, 1984.”



Dan Quyale–Lloyd Bentsen Vice Presidential Debate Oct. 5, 1988,



II. Gender and Debate

Judith S. Trent. 1990. “The 1984 Bush–Ferraro Vice Presidential Debate,” in Rhetorical Studies of National Political Debates, Robert V. Friedenberg, ed. Westport, CT: Praeger. 121–144.

Bush-Ferraro Vice Presidential Debate October 11, 1984



Other Resources: Abraham Lincoln. 1858. “Lincoln Douglas Debates, Illinois, 1958.”



Thurs Feb 26 How Presidential Debates Matter

Read: Mike Yawn, Kevin Ellsworth, Bob Beatty, Kim Fridkin Kahn. 1998. “How a Presidential Primary Debate Changed Attitudes of Audience Members,” Political Behavior, Vol. 20, No. 2 (June), 155-181.

Susan J. Drucker and Janice Platt Hunold. 1987. “The Debating Game,” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 4: 202–207.

Susan A. Hellweg, Michael Pfau, and Steven R. Brydon. 1992. “[Ch 5] The Impacts of Presidential Debates,” Televised Presidential Debates: Advocacy in Contemporary America. Westport, CT: Praeger. 101–124.

Auditude: Analysis of Audience Powered Debates November 2008.

Reports on 2008 Presidential and Vice Presidential Debates

Biden Palen 2008 Vice Presidential Debate Oct 2, 2008



Watch:



McCain Obama First 2008 Presidential Debate Sept 26, 2008



Watch:



McCain Obama Second 2008 Presidential Debate Oct 7, 2008



Watch:



McCain Obama Third 2008 Presidential Debate Oct 15, 2008



Watch:



Tues Mar 3 I. The Rhetorical “Functions” of First Ladies

Read: Karrin Vasby Anderson. 2004. “The First Lady: A Site of ‘American Womanhood,’” in Inventing a Voice: The Rhetoric of American First Ladies of the Twentieth Century, Molly Meijer Wertheimer, ed. Lanham: MD, Rowman & Littlefield. 17–30.

Elizabeth J. Natalle. 2004. “Jacqueline Kennedy: The Rhetorical Construction of Camelot,” in Inventing a Voice: The Rhetoric of American First Ladies of the Twentieth Century, Molly Meijer Wertheimer, ed. Lanham: MD, Rowman & Littlefield. 243–271.

Janette Kenner Muir and Mary Mooney. 2004. “Nancy Reagan: Leading Lady, Supporting Actress, or Bit Player,” in Inventing a Voice: The Rhetoric of American First Ladies of the Twentieth Century, Molly Meijer Wertheimer, ed. Lanham: MD, Rowman & Littlefield. 365–386.

Molly Meijer Wertheimer. 2004. “Barbara Bush: Her Rhetorical Development and Appeal,” in Inventing a Voice: The Rhetoric of American First Ladies of the Twentieth Century, Molly Meijer Wertheimer, ed. Lanham: MD, Rowman & Littlefield. 387–415.

Anne F. Mattina. 2004. “Hillary Rodham Clinton: Using Her Vital Voice,” in Inventing a Voice: The Rhetoric of American First Ladies of the Twentieth Century, Molly Meijer Wertheimer, ed. Lanham: MD, Rowman & Littlefield. 417–433.

Robin Tomach Lakoff. 2000. “Hillary Rodham Clinton: What the Sphinx Thinks,” The Language War. Berkeley: University of California Press. 158–193.

Watch: The Obamas Visit the White House 11/10/2008



Michelle Obama at the View



Michelle Obama Speech to the Democratic National Convention 08/25/2008 Denver



And



II. Women as Candidates for Office

Read: Deborah Tannen, “The Double Bind: The Damned-if-You-Do, Damned-if You-Don’t Paradox Facing Women Leaders,” Thirty Ways of Looking at Hillary, 126–139.

Shanto Iyengar, et al. “Running as a Woman: Gender Stereotyping in Women's Campaigns,” in Pippa Norris, ed. Women Media and Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997) 77-98.

Richard J. Jensen. 1988. “The Media and the Catholic Church v. Geraldine Ferraro,” in Oratorical Encounters. Westport CT: Greenwood Press. 253–265.

Laura Kipnis, “Medusa for President: What Hillary’s Male Biographers Reveal about Themselves,” Thirty Ways of Looking at Hillary: Reflections by Women Writers, Susan Morrison, ed. (New York: Harper, 2008) 148–158.

Watch: Hillary Clinton at the Democratic National Convention, Denver, CO, 08/26/2008



And



Sarah Palin Nomination Acceptance Speech Republican National Convention, St. Paul, MN, 09/03/2008



Thurs Mar 5 Accession, Concession, and Farewell

Read: Karlyn Kohrs Campbell and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. 1990. “[Ch 10] Farewell Addresses,” Deeds Done in Words, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 191–212.

Richard Nixon. 1974. “Resignation” Washington, D.C. August 8, 1974.



David Frost Interview with Richard Nixon May 19, 1977

Edited Transcripts at:



and



View Excerpt at:



Watch 3 scenes from Film “Frost/Nixon”



Ronald Reagan. 1989. “Farewell Address to the Nation, January 11, 1989.”



Listen:



View:



Report on Election Night 2008 Speeches:

President-Elect Barack Obama “This is Your Victory,” Grant Park, Chicago, IL Nov 4, 2008.





Senator John McCain Election Night Speech Phoenix, AZ Nov 4, 2008





Tues Mar 10 Report Research Findings on Agenda Setting in Election 2008

**************Analytical Paper on Agenda Setting 2008 Due in Class**********

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