ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Plasma membrane CYTOSKELETON

*not in plant cells ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

*Flagellum

Rough ER Smooth ER

*Centrosome

CYTOSKELETON: Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules

*Microvilli

Nuclear envelope

Nucleolus

Chromatin

NUCLEUS

Plasma membrane

Ribosomes

Peroxisome

Mitochondrion

Golgi apparatus

*Animal Lysosome Cell

The Nucleus

Where genetic material (DNA) is stored, gene expression begins.

1 ?m

Nucleolus Chromatin

Nuclear envelope: Inner membrane Outer membrane

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Region of nucleus where ribosomes are made

Nuclear pore

Surface of nuclear envelope

0.25 ?m

Pore complex

Ribosome

Close-up of nuclear envelope

Rough ER 1 ?m

Chromosomes

DNA molecules and associated proteins

Pore complexes (TEM)

Nuclear lamina (TEM)

Ribosomes

Carry out protein synthesis by the process of translation.

Cytosol Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Free ribosomes

Bound ribosomes

0.5 ?m TEM showing ER and ribosomes

Large subunit

Small subunit Diagram of a ribosome

Smooth ER Rough ER

Nuclear envelope

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER (RER)

ER lumen Cisternae

Ribosomes

Transport vesicle Smooth ER

Transitional ER Rough ER 200 nm

? ribosomes on cytoplasmic side of ER membrane synthesize proteins across ER membrane into ER

Smooth ER (SER)

? where new lipids are made

beginning of the secretory pathway

The Golgi apparatus

cis face ("receiving" side of Golgi

apparatus)

Cisternae

0.1 ?m

trans face ("shipping" side of Golgi

apparatus)

TEM of Golgi apparatus

? proteins destined to leave ER are transported to the Golgi where they are modified, sorted and sent to various destinations.

? polysaccharides are produced in the Golgi apparatus as well

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