1 - JustAnswer
All the solutions for the problems that require calculations are on the attached excel sheet. When entering your answers, please check the requirements in the question, some of them ask you to round to 2 or 3 decimal place, some ask you to omit the dollar sign..etc
1.
| |
|[pic][pic]The following monthly budgeted data are available for the International Company: |
| |Product C |Product J |Product R |
| Sales |$ |508,000 |$ |308,000 |$ |904,000 |
| Variable expenses| |296,000 | |204,000 | |714,000 |
| Contribution |$ |212,000 |$ |104,000 |$ |190,000 |
|margin | | | | | | |
|[pic] |
| Budgeted net operating income for the month is $215,000. |
| Required: |
|a. |Calculate the break-even dollar sales for the month. (Round your answer to the nearest dollar amount. Omit the "$" sign in|
| |your response.) |
| Dollar sales to break even |$ [pic] |
|b. |Calculate the margin of safety. (Round your intermediate calculation and final answer to the nearest dollar amount. Omit the "$" sign|
| |in your response.) |
| Margin of safety |$ [pic] |
|c. |Calculate the operating leverage. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) |
| Operating leverage |[pic] |
2.
|[pic][pic]Sawaya Co., Ltd., of Japan is a manufacturing company whose total factory overhead costs fluctuate considerably from year to |
|year according to increases and decreases in the number of direct labor-hours worked in the factory. Total factory overhead costs (in |
|Japanese yen, denoted ¥) at high and low levels of activity for recent years are given below: |
| |Level of Activity |
| |Low |High |
| Direct labor-hours |52,800 |70,400 |
| Total factory overhead costs |¥233,040 |¥255,920 |
|[pic] |
|The factory overhead costs above consist of indirect materials, rent, and maintenance. The company has analyzed these costs at the |
|52,800-hour level of activity as follows: |
| |
| Indirect materials (variable) |¥58,080 |
| Rent (fixed) |136,000 |
| Maintenance (mixed) |38,960 |
| Total factory overhead costs |¥233,040 |
|[pic] |
|To have data available for planning, the company wants to break down the maintenance cost into its variable and fixed cost elements. |
|Requirement 1: |
|Estimate how much of the ¥255,920 factory overhead cost at the high level of activity consists of maintenance cost. (Hint: To do this, it |
|may be helpful to first determine how much of the ¥255,920 consists of indirect materials and rent. Think about the behavior of variable |
|and fixed costs!) (Omit the "¥" sign in your response.) |
| Maintenance cost |¥[pic] |
|Requirement 2: |
|Using the high-low method, estimate a cost formula for maintenance where X represents the number of direct-labor hours. (Round variable |
|cost per unit to 1 decimal place. Omit the "¥" sign in your response.) |
| Y = |¥[pic] |+|¥[pic] X |
|Requirement 3: |
|What total factory overhead costs would you expect the company to incur at an operating level of 58,080 direct labor-hours? (Omit the "¥" |
|sign in your response.) |
| |
| Indirect materials | |¥[pic] |
| Rent | |[pic] |
| Maintenance: | | |
| Variable cost element |¥[pic] | |
| Fixed cost element |[pic] |[pic] |
| Total factory overhead cost | |¥[pic] |
3.
[pic][pic]
|Deavila Inc. produces and sells two products. Data concerning those products for the most recent month appear below: |
| |Product Q91I |Product J53Z |
| Sales | |$|16,100 | | |$|11,400 | |
| Variable expenses |
|Fixed expenses for the entire company were $13,920. |
|Required: |
|a. |Determine the overall contribution margin ratio for the company. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) |
| Contribution margin ratio |[pic] |
|b. |Determine the overall break-even point in total sales dollars for the company. (Round your intermediate calculation to 2 decimal |
| |places and final answer to the nearest dollar amount. Omit the "$" sign in your response.) |
| Break-even point |$ [pic] |
|c. |If the sales mix shifts toward Product Q91I with no change in total sales, what will happen to the break-even point for the company? |
|[pic] |It will result in a decrease in the company's overall break-even point. |
|[pic] |It will result in a increase in the company's overall break-even point. |
|4 |
|The Central Valley Company is a merchandising firm that sells a single product. The company’s revenues and expenses for the last three |
|months are given below: |
|Central Valley Company |
|Comparative Income Statement |
|For the Second Quarter |
| | |April | | |May | | |June |
| Sales in units | |4,400 | | |5,050 | | |6,400 |
| Cost of goods sold | |220,000 | | |252,500 | | |320,000 |
| Gross margin | |396,000 | | |454,500 | | |576,000 |
| Selling and | | | | | | | | |
|administrative expenses:| | | | | | | | |
| Advertising | |68,000 | | |68,000 | | |68,000 |
|expense | | | | | | | | |
| Insurance expense| |10,000 | | |10,000 | | |10,000 |
| |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] |
| |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] | |[pic] |[pic] |
| |
| Required: |
|a. |Determine which expenses are mixed and, by use of the high-low method, separate each mixed expense into its variable and fixed |
| |components. State the cost formula for each mixed expense. (Round "per unit" answers to 2 decimal places. Omit the "$" sign in your |
| |response.) |
| Cost formula |
| [pic] |$ [pic] | + |$ [pic] | per unit |
| [pic] |$ [pic] | + |$ [pic] | per unit |
|[pic] |
| b.| |
| |Compute the company’s total contribution margin for May. (Round your answer to the nearest whole number. Omit the "$" sign in your |
| |response.) |
| Contribution margin |$ [pic] |
5.
The management of Harlow Corporation, a manufacturing company, would like your help in contrasting
the traditional and contribution approaches to the income statement.
The company has provided the following financial data for January:
| Sales |$231,000 |
| Variable production expense |$22,000 |
| Fixed production expense |$38,000 |
| Variable selling expense |$15,000 |
| Fixed selling expense |$27,000 |
| Variable administrative expense |$13,500 |
| Fixed administrative expense |$49,000 |
The company had no beginning or ending inventories.
The contribution margin for January was:
[pic]
|[pic] |$156,000 |
|[pic] |$180,500 |
|[pic] |$184,000 |
|[pic] |$66,500 |
= $231,000 – ($22,000 + $15,000 + $13,500)
6.
| Boening Enterprises, Inc., produces and sells a single product whose selling price is $148 per unit and whose variable expense is $48 per|
|unit. The company's monthly fixed expense is $510,500. Assume the company's monthly target profit is $11,900. The unit sales to attain |
|that target profit is closest to: |
[pic]
|[pic] |7,195 |
|[pic] |5,224 |
|[pic] |10,883 |
|[pic] |3,530 |
= [pic]
7.
Ringstaff Corporation produces and sells a single product. Data concerning that product appear below:
| |Per Unit |Percent of Sales |
| Selling price |$141 |100% |
| Variable expenses | 28.2 |20% |
| Contribution margin |$112.8 |80% |
The company is currently selling 7,800 units per month. Fixed expenses are $609,000 per month. The marketing manager believes that a $26,072 increase in the monthly advertising budget would result in a 240 unit increase in monthly sales. What should be the overall effect on the company's monthly net operating income of this change?
[pic]
|[pic] |Decrease of $26,072 |
|[pic] |Increase of $1,000 |
|[pic] |Increase of $27,072 |
|[pic] |Decrease of $1,000 |
8.
|The management of Harlow Corporation, a manufacturing company, would like your help in contrasting the traditional and contribution |
|approaches to the income statement. The company has provided the following financial data for January: |
| Sales |$232,000 |
| Variable production expense |$31,000 |
| Fixed production expense |$25,000 |
| Variable selling expense |$18,000 |
| Fixed selling expense |$33,000 |
| Variable administrative expense |$12,500 |
| Fixed administrative expense |$36,000 |
The company had no beginning or ending inventories.
The gross margin for January was:
[pic]
|[pic] |$125,000 |
|[pic] |$76,500 |
|[pic] |$188,500 |
|[pic] |$176,000 |
9.
| [pic][pic]The management of Archie Corporation would like to better understand the behavior of the company’s warranty costs. Those costs |
|are listed below for a number of recent months: |
| |Product Returns |Warranty Cost |
| May |34 | |$|3,869 | |
| June |37 | |$|3,915 | |
| July |30 | |$|3,799 | |
| August |40 | |$|3,936 | |
| September |46 | |$|4,012 | |
| October |38 | |$|3,903 | |
| November |39 | |$|3,916 | |
| December |43 | |$|3,962 | |
|[pic] |
|Management believes that warranty cost is a mixed cost that depends on the number of product returns. |
|Required: |
|Estimate the variable cost per product return and the fixed cost per month using the least-squares regression method. (Do not round |
|intermediate calculations. Round your fixed cost to the nearest dollar amount and the variable cost to 2 decimal places. Omit the "$" sign|
|in your response.) |
| | | |
| Variable cost |$ [pic] | per product return |
| Fixed cost |$ [pic] | per month |
y = 12.43x + 3858
Variable Cost = $12.43
Fixed Cost = $3,858
10.
| Riven Corporation has a single product whose selling price is $17. At an expected sales level of $1,938,000, the company's variable |
|expenses are $684,000 and its fixed expenses are $283,000. The marketing manager has recommended that the selling price be increased by |
|25%, with an expected decrease of only 8% in unit sales. What would be the company's net operating income if the marketing manager's |
|recommendation is adopted? |
[pic]
|[pic] |$971,000 |
|[pic] |$1,945,700 |
|[pic] |$1,316,420 |
|[pic] |$1,261,700 |
11.
| |
|Wertman Corporation produces and sells a single product with the following characteristics: |
| |Per unit |Percent of Sales |
| Selling price |$152.00 |100% |
| Variable expenses |103.36 |68% |
| Contribution margin |$48.64 |32% |
|The company is currently selling 3,800 units per month. Fixed expenses are $215,800 per month. |
|Management is considering using a new component that would increase the unit variable cost by $3. Since the new component would increase the |
|features of the company's product, the marketing manager predicts that monthly sales would increase by 300 units. What should be the overall |
|effect on the company's monthly net operating income of this change? |
| [pic][pic] |increase of $13,692 |
|[pic] |increase of $2,292 |
|[pic] |decrease of $13,692 |
|[pic] |decrease of $2,292 |
12.
Monsky Corporation produces and sells a single product whose contribution margin ratio is 65%. The company's monthly fixed expense is $416,000 and the company's monthly target profit is $63,050. The dollar sales to attain that target profit is closest to:
[pic]
|[pic] |$270,400 |
|[pic] |$311,382 |
|[pic] |$640,000 |
|[pic] |$737,000 |
13.
When the level of activity increases within the relevant range, how does each of the following change?
[pic]
[pic]
|[pic] |Choice C |
|[pic] |Choice B |
|[pic] |Choice A |
|[pic] |Choice D |
14.
What is the cause of the difference between absorption costing net operating income and variable costing net operating income?
[pic]
|[pic] |Absorption costing includes variable manufacturing costs in product costs; variable costing considers variable manufacturing costs to be period costs. |
|[pic] |Absorption costing deducts all manufacturing costs from net operating income; variable costing deducts only prime costs. |
|[pic] |Absorption costing includes fixed administrative costs in product costs; variable costing considers fixed administrative costs to be period costs. |
|[pic] |Absorption costing allocates fixed manufacturing costs between cost of goods sold and inventories; variable costing considers all fixed manufacturing costs to be period costs. |
15.
On a cost-volume-profit graph, the break-even point is located:
[pic]
|[pic] |where the total revenue line intersects the volume axis. |
|[pic] |where the total expenses line intersects the dollars axis. |
|[pic] |at the origin. |
|[pic] |where the total revenue line intersects the total expenses line. |
16.
The margin of safety is equal to:
[pic]
|[pic] |Sales - (Variable expenses/Contribution margin). |
|[pic] |Sales - Net operating income. |
|[pic] |Sales - (Variable expenses + Fixed expenses). |
|[pic] |Sales - (Fixed expenses/Contribution margin ratio). |
17.
Net operating income computed using variable costing would exceed net operating income computed using absorption costing if:
[pic]
|[pic] |the average fixed cost per unit is zero. |
|[pic] |units sold are less than units produced. |
|[pic] |units sold exceed units produced. |
|[pic] |units sold equal units produced. |
18.
Witczak Company has a single product and currently has a degree of operating leverage of 5. Which of the following will increase Witczak's degree of operating leverage?
[pic]
[pic]
|[pic] |Choice C |
|[pic] |Choice A |
|[pic] |Choice B |
|[pic] |Choice D |
19.
A disadvantage of the high-low method of cost analysis is that:
[pic]
|[pic] |It relies totally on the judgment of the person performing the cost analysis. |
|[pic] |It uses two extreme data points, which may not be representative of normal conditions. |
|[pic] |It is too time consuming to apply. |
|[pic] |It cannot be used when there are a very large number of observations. |
20.
Assuming that direct labor is a variable cost, product costs under variable costing include only:
[pic]
|[pic] |direct materials and direct labor. |
|[pic] |direct materials, direct labor, variable manufacturing overhead, and variable selling and administrative expenses. |
|[pic] |direct material, variable manufacturing overhead, and variable selling and administrative expenses. |
|[pic] |direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead. |
21.
[pic][pic]
|Denton Company manufactures and sells a single product. Cost data for the product are given below: |
| | |
| Variable costs per unit: | |
| Direct materials |$7 |
| Direct labor |12 |
| Variable manufacturing overhead |3 |
| Variable selling and administrative |5 |
| Total variable cost per unit |$27 |
| Fixed costs per month: | |
| Fixed manufacturing overhead |$297,000 |
| Fixed selling and administrative |186,000 |
| Total fixed cost per month |$483,000 |
|[pic] |
|The product sells for $40 per unit. Production and sales data for July and August, the first two months of operations, follows: |
| |Units |Units |
| |Produced |Sold |
| July |33,000 |29,000 |
| August |33,000 |37,000 |
|[pic] |
|The company's Accounting Department has prepared absorption costing income statements for July and August as presented below: |
| |July |August |
| Sales |$1,160,000 |$1,480,000 |
| Cost of goods sold |899,000 |1,147,000 |
| Gross margin |261,000 |333,000 |
| Selling and administrative expenses |331,000 |371,000 |
| Net operating income |$-70,000 |$-38,000 |
|[pic] |
|Requirement 1: |
|Determine the unit product cost under Absorption costing and Variable costing. (Omit the "$" sign in your response.) |
| |Unit product cost |
| Absorption costing |$[pic] |
| Variable costing |$[pic] |
|[pic] |
|Requirement 2: |
|Prepare contribution format variable costing income statements for July and August. (Input all amount as positive value except net loss |
|which should be indicated with a minus sign. Omit the "$" sign in your response.) |
| |July |August |
| [pic] |$[pic] |$[pic] |
| Variable expenses: | | |
| [pic] |[pic] |[pic] |
| [pic] |[pic] |[pic] |
| Total variable expenses |[pic] |[pic] |
| [pic] |[pic] |[pic] |
| Fixed expenses: | | |
| [pic] |[pic] |[pic] |
| [pic] |[pic] |[pic] |
| Total fixed expenses |[pic] |[pic] |
| Net operating income (loss) |$[pic] |$[pic] |
|[pic] |
|Requirement 3: |
|Reconcile the variable costing and absorption costing net operating income figures. (Input all amount as positive value except net loss |
|which should be indicated with a minus sign. Leave no cells blank - be certain to enter "0" wherever required. Omit the "$" sign in your |
|response.) |
| | July | August |
| Variable costing net operating income (loss) |$[pic] |$[pic] |
| [pic] fixed manufacturing overhead cost deferred in inventory under absorption costing |[pic] |[pic] |
| [pic] fixed manufacturing overhead cost released from inventory under absorption costing |[pic] |[pic] |
| Absorption costing net operating income |$[pic] |$[pic] |
|[pic] |
|Requirement 4: |
|Which is the most appropriate method of costing? |
[pic]
22.
[pic][pic]
|"This makes no sense at all," said Bill Sharp, president of Essex Company. "We sold the same number of units this year as we did last |
|year, yet our profits have more than doubled. Who made the goof—the computer or the people who operate it?" |
|The statements to which Mr. Sharp was referring are shown below (absorption costing basis): |
| |Year 1 |Year 2 |
| Sales (34,000 units each year) |$1,267,000 |$1,267,000 |
| Cost of goods sold |680,000 |578,000 |
| Gross margin |587,000 |689,000 |
| Selling and administrative expenses |334,000 |334,000 |
| Net operating income |$253,000 |$355,000 |
|[pic] |
|The statements above show the results of the first two years of operation. In the first year, the company produced and sold 34,000 units; |
|in the second year, the company again sold 34,000 units, but it increased production as shown below: |
| |Year 1 |Year 2 |
| Production in units |34,000 |44,000 |
| Sales in units |34,000 |34,000 |
| Variable manufacturing cost per unit produced |$5 |$5 |
| Variable selling and administrative expense per unit sold |$1 |$1 |
| Fixed manufacturing overhead costs (total) |$510,000 |$510,000 |
|[pic] |
|Essex Company applies fixed manufacturing overhead costs to its only product on the basis of each year's production. Thus, a new fixed |
|manufacturing overhead rate is computed each year. |
|Requirement 1: |
|Compute the unit product cost for each year under (Round fixed manufacturing overhead cost per unit and final answers to the nearest whole|
|dollar. Omit the "$" sign in your response.) |
| | |Unit product cost |
| | |Year 1 |Year 2 |
| a. | Absorption costing |$[pic] |$[pic] |
| b. | Variable costing |$[pic] |$[pic] |
|[pic] |
|Requirement 2: |
|Prepare a contribution format variable costing income statement for each year. (Input all amounts as positive values. Omit the "$" sign in|
|your response.) |
| |Year 1 |Year 2 |
| [pic] | |$[pic] | |$[pic] |
| Variable expenses: | | | | |
| [pic] |[pic] | |[pic] | |
| [pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |
| [pic] | |[pic] | |[pic] |
| Fixed expenses: | | | | |
| [pic] |[pic] | |[pic] | |
| [pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |
| [pic] | |$[pic] | |$[pic] |
|[pic] |
|Requirement 3: |
|Reconcile the variable costing and absorption costing net operating income figures for each year. (Leave no cells blank - be certain to |
|enter "0" wherever required. Round fixed manufacturing overhead cost per unit and final answers to the nearest whole dollar. Omit the "$" |
|sign in your response.) |
| | Year 1 | Year 2 |
| Variable costing net operating income |$[pic] |$[pic] |
| [pic]: Fixed manufacturing overhead cost deferred in |[pic] |[pic] |
| inventory under absorption costing | | |
| Absorption costing net operating income |$[pic] |$[pic] |
|[pic] |
|Requirement 4: |
|The net operating income for Year 2 was higher than for Year 1 under absorption costing, although the same number of units was sold in |
|each year. This is because by increasing production and building up inventory, profits increased without any increase in sales or |
|reduction in costs. Is the above reason true or false? |
[pic]
23.
[pic][pic]
|The following is Alsatia Corporation's contribution format income statement for last month: |
| | | |
| Sales |$ |1,547,600 |
| Variable | |943,400 |
|expenses | | |
| |[pic] |[pic] |
| Contribution | |604,200 |
|margin | | |
| Fixed expenses | |302,100 |
| |[pic] |[pic] |
| Net operating |$ |302,100 |
|income | | |
| |[pic] |[pic] |
| |[pic] |[pic] |
|[pic] |
|The company has no beginning or ending inventories and produced and sold 10,600 units during the month. |
|Required: |
|a. |What is the company's contribution margin ratio? (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.) |
| Contribution margin ratio |[pic] |
|b. |What is the company's break-even in units? |
| Break-even |[pic]units |
|c. |If sales increase by 140 units, by how much should net operating income increase? (Omit the "$" sign in your response.) |
| Increase in net operating income |$ [pic] |
|d. |How many units would the company have to sell to attain target profits of $330,600? |
| Sales to attain target profit |[pic]units |
|e. |What is the company’s margin of safety in dollars? (Omit the "$" sign in your response.) |
| Margin of safety in dollars |$ [pic] |
|f. |What is the company's degree of operating leverage? (Round your answer to 1 decimal place.) |
| Degree of operating leverage |[pic] |
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