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A Description of Phonological ProcessesThe following is a description of some of the more common phonological processes observed in preschool through first grade children. It is not a complete list; for more information, please contact your SLP. Velar Fronting: Moving velar sound production from the back of the mouth/tongue to the front of the mouth/tongue. Affects sounds: k, gSounds like: “tup” for “cup”, “doat” for “goat”, “ed” for “egg”, “mate” for “make”Palatal Fronting: Moving palatal sound production from the middle of the mouth/tongue to the front of the mouth/tongue. Affects sounds: sh, ch, jSounds like: “sue” for “shoe”, “fis” for “fish”, “tsair” for “chair”, “zump” for “jump”Stopping: Substitution of a stop consonant (t,d,p,b) for a strident phonemeAffects sounds: s,z,sh,ch,j,f,v,thSounds like: “tap” for “sap”, “do” for “zoo”, “too” for “shoe”, “dump” for “jump”, “pish” for “fish, “ban” for “van”, “tum” for “thumb”Liquid Simplification: Substitution or distortion of liquid sounds; most common substitution is w/r, w/lAffects sounds: l, r, and vowelized /r/, such as ‘er’, ‘or’, ‘ir’, ‘ar’Sounds like: “wion” for “lion”, “wite” for “write”, “kah” for “car”, “diggawe” for “digger” Backing: Moving production of consonants produced in the front of the mouth/tongue to the back of the mouth/tongue. Affects sounds: potentially any consonant other than k, g and hSounds like: “hun” for “sun”, “kop” for “top”, “gor” for “door” Cluster Reduction: Omitting one consonant in a consonant sequence.Affects sounds: any sounds in sequence, such as ‘st, sm, sw, sn, sp, sk, ts, ks, br, bl, pr, pl, tr, tl, gr, gl, etc. Sounds like: “top” for “stop”, “boo” for “blue”, “mak” for “mask”, “pider” for “spider”, “pay” for “play”Final Consonant Deletion: Omission of the final consonant in a wordAffects sounds: any final consonant soundSounds like: “tae” for “take”, “duh” for “done”, “uh” for “us”, “fi” for “fish”Syllable Reduction: Omission of one or more syllables in a multi-syllabic wordAffects sounds: anySounds like: “bana” for “banana”, “efant” for “elephant”, “pider” for “catapillar” ................
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