The Shaping of North America
AP
U.S. History I
The Shaping of North America
225 million years ago-Pangaea “supercontinent”
10 million years ago- Rocky Mountains exist
Appalachians exist
Continents are separated
2 million years ago- an Ice Age envelopes the planet and the water level lowers
35 000 years ago- the Bering Land Bridge appears
animals cross, followed by nomadic Asian hunters
10 000 years ago- the Ice Age ends
nomadic people create civilization
10 000 years ago-1492 AD, the population grows to 72 million
*only 7-10 million live in North America (South America has better conditions for farming)
Powerful Civilizations
• Aztecs
• Incas
• Mayans
• Iroquois
o Over 2000 languages created
o Religion
o Culture
o Farming techniques
People who came to America before 1492:
-Scandinavians
led by Leif Erickson (Newfoundland)
-Nomadic Asian hunters
-Irish
-Africans
-Chinese
[1492] Columbus “discovered” the New World (arrived at Hispañola/ Haiti)
brought 20 people back-only two survive the ship ride
was sent to get more for slavery in mines (creates slavery)
Europeans bring smallpox into the Americas
[1492] Haiti’s population totals 3 million
[1512] Haiti’s population totals 12 000
Columbus’s “discovery” affects the futures of three groups:
Europeans – migrate to the Americas
Native Americans – dealt with harshly
Africans – source of labor leads to mass enslaving
Explorers
Amerigo Vespucci [sails for Spain in 1499] [sails for Portugal in 1501]
Writes vivid accounts of the East coast of North and South America
Mapmakers base their maps on his accounts – hence “America”
Vasco Nunez de Balboa [sails for Spain in 1513]
First European to set eyes on the Pacific Ocean
Says “All land that touches the Pacific is Spain’s”
Basis for Spanish claims in America
Ferdinand Magellan [sails for Spain from 1519-1522]
First to circumnavigate the globe
Hernando Cortez [sails for Spain in 1519]
Crushes the Aztecs (attack and smallpox)
Claims Mexico for Spain
Ponce de Léon [sails for Spain in 1513]
Explores Florida – lays claim of Florida for Spain
Looking for gold
Francisco Coronado [sails for Spain in 1540]
Searches for the fabled “cities of gold”
First European to see the Grand Canyon
First European to see herds of buffalo
John Cabot [sails for England in 1497]
Italian – explores the East coast of New England
Basis for English claims in the Americas
Giovanni de Verrazano [sails for France in 1524]
Hudson River and areas of NYC
Henry Hudson [sails for the Dutch in 1608?]
Hudson Bay and Hudson River
Claims Manhattan for the Dutch
Jacques Cartier [sails for France in 1534]
Explores parts of Canada and claims area for France
Hernando de Soto [sails for Spain from 1539-1542]
First European to see the Mississippi River
Settling the New World
Spain
Reasons for exploration:
Gold
Glory
God
Goods
Lay claim to:
New Mexico
West coast of South America
Florida
All of Central America
Texas
Arizona
California
[1565] settled the first permanently occupied settlement in the Americas
-St. Augustine, FL
[1588] Spanish Armada is defeated – marks the decline of the Spanish Empire
encomienda system and hacienda system – places Native Americans in state of slavery
France
Lay claim to:
Canada
Areas around the Mississippi
[1608] First French settlement – Quebec “New France”
[1750] ................
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