Programming and Problem Solving Through C Language

Programming and Problem Solving

Through ¡®C¡¯ Language

Programming and

Problem Solving

Through ¡®C¡¯ Language

M3 - R4

STRICTLY AS PER NEW DOEACC SYLLABUS

RAMESH BANGIA

B.Sc., Dip. Comp. Sc. (IIT D)

Formerly: Incharge Computer Centre,

Hindustan Copper Limited, New Delhi

Ex. Managing Editor: Software Today

FIREWALL MEDIA

(An Imprint of Laxmi Publications Pvt. Ltd.)

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Contents

Contents

IX

1. Introduction to Programming ............................................................................................... 1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

The Basic Model of Computation ....................................................................................................... 1

Problem Solving .................................................................................................................................. 2

Algorithms .......................................................................................................................................... 5

Flow-Charts ...................................................................................................................................... 10

Programming Languages .................................................................................................................. 20

Compilation ....................................................................................................................................... 25

Linking and Loading ......................................................................................................................... 26

Testing and Debugging .................................................................................................................... 26

Documentation ................................................................................................................................. 31

2. Algorithms for Problem Solving ........................................................................................ 39

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.10

2.11

2.12

2.13

2.14

2.15

2.16

Exchanging Values of Two Variables ................................................................................................. 39

Summation of a Set of Numbers ........................................................................................................ 40

Decimal Base to Binary Base Conversion ......................................................................................... 40

Reversing Digits of an Integer .......................................................................................................... 42

GOD (Greatest Common Divisor) of Two Numbers ........................................................................... 43

Test Whether a Number is Prime ....................................................................................................... 44

Organize Numbers in Ascending Order ............................................................................................ 44

Find Square Root of a Number .......................................................................................................... 45

Factorial Computation ...................................................................................................................... 47

Fibonacci Sequence .......................................................................................................................... 48

Evaluate ¡®Sin x¡¯ as Sum of a Series .................................................................................................... 48

Reverse Order of Elements of an Array ............................................................................................. 49

Find Largest Number in an Array ...................................................................................................... 49

Print Elements of Upper Triangular Matrix ........................................................................................ 50

Evaluate a Polynomial ....................................................................................................................... 50

Multiplication of Two Matrices ........................................................................................................ 51

3. Introduction to ¡®C¡¯ Language ............................................................................................. 54

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

Character set ..................................................................................................................................... 54

Variables and identifiers .................................................................................................................... 56

Built-in Data Types ........................................................................................................................... 58

Variable Definition ............................................................................................................................ 64

Arithmetic operators ......................................................................................................................... 64

Expressions ....................................................................................................................................... 70

Constants and Literals ...................................................................................................................... 72

Simple Assignment Statement .......................................................................................................... 75

Basic Input/Output Statement .......................................................................................................... 75

4. Conditional Statements and Loops .................................................................................... 89

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

4.10

Decision Making within a Program ................................................................................................... 89

Conditions and Relational Operators ................................................................................................ 89

Logical Connectives ......................................................................................................................... 90

If statement ....................................................................................................................................... 90

If-else statement ............................................................................................................................... 95

Loops ............................................................................................................................................... 103

While loop ....................................................................................................................................... 104

Do while ...........................................................................................................................................107

For loops ..........................................................................................................................................109

Nested Loops .................................................................................................................................. 113

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