Writing Chapter 3 Chapter 3: Methodology

[Pages:21]Writing Chapter 3

Chapter 3: Methodology (Quantitative)

Components of Chapter 3

? Participants ? Instruments ? Procedures

Design

? Data Analysis ? Limitations

Future or Paste tense?

? Concept Paper and Proposals

Future Tense

? Final Report

Past Tense

Participants

? Target population and the sample that you will use for generalizing about the target population.

? Demographic information such as age, gender, and ethnicity of your sample.

? Procedures for selecting the sample should be outlined, including justification for the sampling method, also known as Sampling Procedures.

Population and Sample

? A population is a group of individuals that have the same characteristic(s).

? A sample is a subgroup of the target population that the researcher plans to study for the purpose of making generalizations about the target population. Samples are only estimates. The difference between the sample estimate and the true population is the "sampling error."

Sample is Derived from the Population

Population

Sample

Population (examples)

1. All radiologist 2. All online College students in all

community colleges 3. Adult educators in all schools of

education

Sample

Sample (examples)

1. Radiologist at Jackson Hospital 2. Students in Broward community

college 3. Adult educators in five schools of

education in the Midwest

Demographics

? age, gender, and ethnicity (if relevant)

? The general sample was composed of 223 participants (168 male, 55 female; Mage = 14.55 years; SD = 1.55; age range, 10-18 years). Participants were divided by race (43.1% White, 53.8% Black, and 3.1% other races)

Note: This example is written in past tense but should be written in future tense for the concept and proposal. Also, the details of the demographics will be unknown at these stages, therefore, estimates are acceptable.

Sampling Procedures

? Probability sampling is the selection of individuals from the population so that they are representative of the population.

? Nonprobability sampling is the selection of participants because they are available, convenient, or represent some characteristic the investigator wants to study.

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