Regents Chemistry - Wappingers Central School District
Test Objectives: SolutionsKnow that all solutions are classified as homogeneous mixturesKnow that solutions are composed of 2 parts: solute & solventDefine the terms unsaturated, saturated & supersaturatedKnow that supersaturated solutions are unstableBe able to explain how to prepare a supersaturated solutionDefine the terms miscible & immiscibleBe able to solve for any variable in Molarity (M) word problems Molarity = moles of solute Moles of solutionbe able to convert mass of solute to moles before solving the word problemsBe able to solve Molarity (M) in dilution word problemsBe able to solve for any variable in the equations for % concentration (volume or mass) & ppmmass solution = mass solute + mass solventBe able to describe the effect of polarity, temperature & pressure on the solubility of solids in liquids, liquids in liquids or gas in liquidsremember: pressure only effects solubility of gases in liquidsas temperature increases the solubility of solids tends to increase but the solubility of gases tends to decreaseKnow the factors that effect the rate of solution & why they effect the rate:temperaturestirring or agitationsurface areaBe able to predict the solubility of non-polar, polar & ionic compounds in polar & nonpolar liquidsrule of thumb: ‘like dissolves like’know that alcohols have characteristics of both polar & non-polar liquids but do not dissolve ionic compoundsDetermine how soluble a compound is at a given temperature using the solubility traces found in Table Guse solubility curves to predict how much water is required to dissolve a given amount of solute at a given temp or how much solute will dissolve in a given amount of waterbe able to predict the amount of solute that will crystallize (precipitate) from solution when it is chilleduse Table G to predict if a solution is saturated, unsaturated or supersaturatedDetermine whether a given compound will be soluble or insoluble in water using the guidelines in Table F.Know what makes a compound an electrolyte or a non-electrolytein general ionic compounds are electrolytes & covalent compounds (except acids) are notknow how to determine the number of ions a given ionic compound produces when it dissociates in solutionDefine the term collogative properties and know that it is the concentration of the particles that is important not the nature of the particlesDescribe the effects of a non-volatile solute on the freezing and boiling points of a liquidfreezing point decreases, boiling point increases, vapor pressure decreasesknow that the effect on fp & bp is proportional to the number of particles in the solutionex: 1M Na2SO4 has a greater effect than 1M NaClex: 1M KBr has a greater effect than 0.5M KBr ................
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