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LITLE RIVER � ELDERBANK 1783-1983 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Friendly Neighbours wish to acknowledge the efforts of its members for their time and research for this book. Also, to the New Horizons� grant, without such funding the project would not have been possible.

�FRIENDLY NEIGHBOURS�

In the fall of 1978, a few of the citizens of Elderbank decided it would be nice to have a group that both men and women over fifty years old could attend. On January 19th, 1979, the group was organized with 25 members. Each member was to bring a suggestion for a name to the next meeting, so in February, the group became known as the �Friendly Neighbours.� The first seven meetings were held in the homes of members. The membership increased to 39 members so permission to meet in the Church Hall was granted by the Church Board. The only outside entrance to the hall was a door at the back of the church. Floors were tile and seemed so cold. The chairs were metal ones and also cold, so we applied for a grant from New Horizons and in June of 1980 we received a grant of $6,940.00. With this grant and the help of the Church Board a new entrance for the basement was made. Carpet was purchased for the floor, and also some comfortable chairs and card tables. Other purchases with the money from the grant included kitchen supplies, vacuum cleaner, and a potters wheel which is used at the recreation hall. The hall is now very cosy and comfortable. Our entertainment consists mostly of card parties. We have had a lobster party and we have a Christmas party each year and invite another group to celebrate with us. Santa always appears and presents gifts to us all. We are trying to preserve some of our heritage for the generations to follow. These pages may contain some errors or omissions but to our knowledge, according to our resources, the stories are as they have been related to us. To the memory of our ancestors

Whose hard work In settling our Community is

So very worthy Of preservation within the pages

Of this book �FRIENDLY NEIGHBOURS�

By-Laws

NAME: Friendly Neighbours

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS: President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer

OFFICES: Members elected to serve for two years

BOARD OF DIRECTORS: Ten in number

QUORUM: 5 members

TREASURUER: To have supervision of all money at any given time.

SOCIAL COMMITTEE:

ENTERTAINMENT COMMITTEE:

OBJECT: Implementing Arts and Crafts, Community History, and Sociability

DATE OF MEETING: First Friday in every month

PLACE HELD: Church Basement, St. Andrew�s United Church

ELDERBANK

Many years ago the Indians roamed all of Canada � Nova Scotia too. In the Musquodoboit Valley, named Musquodoboit by the Indians � meaning �flowing out of the waters,� the MicMac Indians were the citizens until 1783 when Peter Ogilvie and James Cruickshank came up the river from Musquodoboit Harbour. They came to Halifax on the refugee ship Argo out of Florida, after the Revolutionary War. They settled at the junction of the Musquodoboit River and Little River which for many years ws the heart of the settlement and called Little River until 1911. Many other families followed including Taylors, Reids, Grant, Cole, Killen, Wallance, Brown, Bruce, McDougall, Artz, Rhind, Green, McBain and Burris. These pioneers travelled via canoe (a hollowed out log) with only the necessities of life � an axe, musket and a bit of seed grain. They built log cabins and cleared the lands to plant their seed and gardens. All supplies to this village were brought up the river by boat and carried on their backs to their homes. Land clearing was a cooperative effort � all the neighbours gathered, cut the logs, peeled the bark off for the tannery (to tan their hides for shoes and leather goods), then burned the logs to get them out of the way. The paths between homes and villages became roads made by the settlers themselves � later Statutory Labour was implemented to do road work � each farmer contributing according to his ability; either himself or he and his team of oxen or horses making corduroy roads or hauling gravel to fill in the holes and swamp lands. After roads came the railway. In 1912, the railway was started with Cavicchi and Pegano being the contractors. This construction employed local men and teams as well as material. Stories have it that most of the railway toes were cut in Elderbank. The first train came up from Dartmouth in 1914. The train had a passenger car and freight was hauled to and from the Halifax-Dartmouth area. The train went to town in the early morning and returned in the evening making it possible for a person to go to town, do his business and return home all in one day. Many local residents, over the years, travelled regularly with produce and crafts for the farmers market held every Friday and Saturday in Halifax. Farmers in the area spent their winters cutting pulpwood that was shipped by rail to Mersey Pulp Mill in Liverpool, Nova Scotia. Box cars were left on a siding at the station and as they were filled, they were picked up and were on their way. Money from their winter labour supplemented the farmer. In the mid 30�s Mr. Norman Dares and sons started a bus service to Truro and Halifax. This operation ran until the mid 1950�s. Early dairy farmers shipped their milk to Dartmouth via train. Each farmer took his milk to the station every morning to catch the train at 7:00 a.m. Milk was shipped in large five and eight gallen cans. When roads became more passable and accessible, milk was trucked to the dairy. Mr. Henry McCurdy was the first trucker to serve the Musquodoboit Valley. Cans of milk were picked up at roadside stands and on the return trip, the cans were left for the next day�s milk production. In the winter Mr. McCurdy had a plow on his truck and often this was the only time the road was plowed. A creamery in Middle Musquodoboit also had a truck to pick up cream. Butter was made in one and two pound blocks and ice cream was also made here. The cream truck always had a supply of butter on board so you could get your butter when the cream was picked up. Now the milk is picked up at the farms. Pumped from a bulk tank (which is cooled) in a milk house to a huge tank truck which takes it to the dairy. The Valley mail in years gone by came from Shubenacadie to the local post offices in each community. This came, first by horse and wagon � once or twice a week � and later by train. Often the mail driver brought passengers who came by train to Shubenacadie and then to visit friends and relatives in the Musquodoboit area. Now the mail cones very morning from Shubenacadie via the �trusty mailman� on a paved road.

�MUSQUODOBOIT SCREECH�

Following is a recipe for that great old cure-all, Musquodoboit Screech.

3 grapefruits 3 lemons 3 oranges

Put through a chopper � rinds and all. Put chopped mixture into one quart of boiling water. Add three tablespoons Epson Salts and two teaspoons cream of tartar. Set away for 48 hours, then put into a cloth bag and drain. Keep drained liquid in fridge (or cold place). Take three tablespoons about 10 minutes before each meal. In about ten days you should be feeling better � I hope so. This is supposed to be releif for rheumatism and arthritic pains.

The students in the Little River School in 1900 or 1901 were: Aubrey Crawford, Roy Innes, Fulton Dean, John Dean, Annie Sibley, Jean Cruickshank, Josie Cole, Susan Ogilvie, Nellie Killen, Agnes Gladwin, Mabel Ogilvie, Carrie Taylor, Bertha Dean, Esty Ogilvie, Gertrude Brown, Louis Ogilvie, Norman Cruickshank, Percy Gladwin, Chester Gladwin, Milton Innes, Frank Brown, Percy Ogilvie, Gus Murchy, Joe Brown, Will Brown, Edith Burris, Earla Murchy, Ralph Cruickshank, Newton Killen, James Ogilvie, Leta Innes, Edna Grant, Bessie Ogilvie, Bertha Ogilvie, Annie Killen, Della Fisher, Dorothy Ogilvie, Marie Ogilvie and Maude Ogilvie (twins), Herbert Cruickshank, Morton Ogilvie, Walter Ogilive, Melville Cruickshank, George Fisher, Lena Bambrick, Millie Fisher, Stanley Grant, Carson Killen, Maggie Fisher, Roy Bambrick, Lew Hurley, Pheobe Ogilvie Grace Brown. The teacher was O.D. Hill

The Class of 1942 consisted of David Ogilvie, Ray Fisher, Fred Keddy, Ralph Burns. Doug Bezanson, Donald Leslie, Marjorie Drysdale, Shirley Swinemer, Frances Bezanson, Jennie Morash, Lena Keddy, Gertrude Myers, Lois Killen, Thelma Leedham, Una Myers, Owen Keddy, Allison Killen, James Whalley, Cecil Conrod, Ross Killen, Ross Myers, Owen Killen, Melvin Killen. The teacher was Ella Rhind

EARLY COMMUNITY SCHOOLS

The first formal school in Elderbank was constructed in 1860 but long before this, citizens were concerned for the education of their children. About 1810, one Scotsman, Michael Meagher, moved with his familu from Halifax, and settled on the site of the farm now owned by Bill and Ruthie Brown. Mr. Meagher built his log home and made one room in it especially for the education of his children. History says that Mr. Meagher engaged and paid for a teacher for his family�s education. As early as 1845, teachers taught students in their own homes, travelling from house to house.

A one room log school was constructed in 1876 with a large fireplace to heat it. This school was occupied at times by as many as 100 pupils. Weather conditions and cropping activities all played a part in school attendance. With attendance growing, the school was remodeled and divided into two rooms in 1901. This building served the community for 57 years. In 1958 a new school was built and still is in use for elementary grades today. All three schools were built on the same site. The old school was sold to Ross Killen, who moved it down the hill a short distance and remodeled the interior for a home. Mr. Killen and his family still reside there. There have been many students who graduated from these pioneer schools abd became successful businessmen, teachers, doctors, and lawyers and have left this village to leave their mark in the world. The following is a list of teachers who taught school in Elderbank:

Thomas Wilks (half year) - 1843 Mr. George Ross, Inspector was J.R. Miller - May 1865 Mr. William Cruickshank, Melissa Kent (assistant for 2 months) - November 1865 Mr. Robert Sedgewick (two terms) - May 1867 Miss Margaret McHeffey - 1868-1870 Miss Sophia Ogilvie � 1870-1871 Miss Jessie Logan � May 1871 to November 1871 Miss Sarah Whittier � 1871 Mr. Jeremiah Willoughby � 1872-1873 Miss Agnes Ogilvie � 1874-1875 Harris Congdon (fall and winter term) � 1877 Janie McFetridge � 1879 Euphemia Ogilvie (winter tem) � 1879 Janet McCurdy (summer term) � 1880 Mitchell Fisher (November 1880-November 1881) George Tupper � 1881 Mrs. Sophia Ogilvie Webber (until October 1883) Miss Quinlan � 1884 George M. Huggins of Halifax � 1885 Fenwick Williams Robins � 1886 Mr. Gillespie from Parrsboro, later became Dr. Gillespie � 1887 Janie Shaw (summer and winter term) � 1888 Hallie Muirhead (Pictou) � 1889 Adellaide MacLean of West River, Pictou Co., - 1890 (Miss MacLean came back to teach periodically, she painted a portrait of Dr. Forrester, the first Superintendent of Education in Nova Scotia � This portrait now hangs in the Teachers College in Truro.) Agnes Stenhouse from Dartmouth � 1891 Mary Murray � 1892 Emma Murray � 1893 and 1898 Stella Burris � 1899-1900 � 60 pupils at this time. O.D. Hill � 1901-1902 � school divided into two rooms O.D. Hill (principal), Gertrude Brown (primary grades) � 1902-1903 Miss Gay, Miss Mary McHeffey � 1903-1904 Miss Mary McHeffey, Ralph Richardson � 1904-1905 Mary Dunbrack, Elsie Hutchinson � 1905-1906 Jean Cruickshank, Josie Cole � 1906-1907 Eva Cook, Mary McHeffey � 1907-1908 Jamesina Moore, Grace Brown � 1908-1910 Edna Cruickshank, Grace Brown � 1910-1911 Lillis Dickie, Lena Bambrick � 1911-1912 Bessie Ogilvie, Lena Bambrick � 1912-1913 Alice Murchy, Reta Killen � 1913-1914 Jennie Burris, Bessie Bentley � 1914-1915 Jennie Burris, Reta Killen � 1915-1916 Ethel MacKay, Reta Killen � 1916-1917 Ethel MacKay, Edith White � 1917-1918 Alice Murchy, Edith White � 1918-1919 Bertha Moore, Gertrude Grant � 1919-1920 Reta Killen, Janie Archibald � 1920-1921 Reta Killen, Claire Ogilvie � 1921-1922 Ruth Ellis, Sarah Myers � 1922-1923 Jennie Burris, Edith White � 1923-1924 Ora Ashley � 1924-1925 Unknown � 1925-1926 Reta Killen, Gertrude Gaetz � 1926-1927 Nellie Rhind, Lillias Ogilvie � 1927-1928 George Moore, Ella Kidston � 1928-1929 Katherine Mc Donald, Edith White � 1929-1930 Lillian Foster, Jennie Rose �1930-1931 Lucille Kinley, Gladys Mackie � 1931-1932 Ruth Johnson, Ella Rhind � 1932-1933 Helen Morton, Mary McCurdy � 1933-1934 I.G. Drysdale, Christina Archibald � 1934 - 1935 Jean Bailey, Lillias Fancy � 1936-1937 Gerald Marshall, Lillias Fancy � 1938-1939 George Selig, Lillias Fancy � 1939-1940 Jean Archibald, Ella Rhind � 1940-1941 Hazel Tays, Ella Rhind �1 941 - 1942 Phyllis Ogden, Lillias Fancy � 1942-1943 Fern Costain, Lillias Fancy � 1943-1944 Bessie Young, Lillias Fancy � 1944-1945 Fred McLaren, Lillias Fancy � 1945-1947 Bertha Cropley, Lillias Fancy � 1947-1949 Bertha Cropley, Boyd Bishop � 1949-1950 Bertha Cropley, Lillias Fancy � 1950-1951 Dorothy Baxter, Lillias Fancy � 1951-1952 Dorothy Card, Lillias Fancy � 1952-1953 Mrs. Slade, Lillias Fancy � 1953-1954 Frances Cole, Lillias Fancy � 1954-1957 Fred McLaren, Lillias Fancy � 1957-1958 Fred McLaren, (Olive Burris) Lillias Fancy � 1958-1959 New School January 14, 1859 Ann MacDonald, Lillias Fancy � 1959-1960 Mrs. Glen Warner, Lillias Fancy � 1960-1961 Lillias Fancy, Dolena MacRae, (Jean Henry) � 1961-1962 Lillias Fancy, Ella Scott Killen � 1962-1963 Lillias Fancy, Louise Brown � 1963-1965 Alvin Blades, Barbara Streatch � 1965-1966 Alvin Blades, Miss Leach � 1966-1967 Alvin Blades, Ann MacDonald � 1967-1968 Alvin Blades, Dorothy Sibley � 1968-1970 Mrs. Bowman, Dorothy Sibley � 1970-1971 Mrs. Bowman (sub. Mrs. Clark), Miss Toole � 1971-1972 Miss Toole, Mrs. Gloria Bayer � 1972-1973 Mrs. Gloria Bayer, Mrs. Clark � 1973-1974 Mrs. Carol Cooper, Mrs. Barbara Streatch � 1974-1975 Barbara Streatch, Carol Cooper � 1975-1977 Barbara Streatch, Mrs. Pat Chapman � 1977-1979 John Dobrowoski, Mrs. Pat Chapman � 1979-1981 John Dobrowoski, Marion Kaiser � 1981-1984

Notes on the life of Jeremiah Willoughby, an early educator, buried in St. Andrews United Church cemetery, Elderbank. The following notes are taken from a book, Lights and Shadows written by Mr. Willoughby in 1877-78:

Mr. Willoughby started school at age 4 and tells of classroom incident in 1826. He taught his first school in 1841 in a rural settlement on the left bank of the Shubenacadie River for four months. His second school, April, 1842, was in Hants County where he became involved with a �turncoat� clergyman and a law suit in the Supreme Court at Windsor. On September 8, 1842, he married Hannah Stuart of Selma. No mention is made of children in his book but a son, Thomas, was well known in Elderbank and is buried not far from his father. The name �Susan� appears on Mr. Willoughby�s grave marker and, unless my memory is incorrect, I think my father said she was a daughter. Mr. Willoughby�s third school, November 1842 was near the head waters of the Shubenacadie River, Grand Lake. His fourth school was at Fall River and Portobello, near Dartmouth, NS. During these years Mr. Willoughby wrote articles for the old Halifax Morning Press and in 1846 became its editor for several years. Following this, for two years he lectured through the lower provinces. In 1851, he resumed teaching in the Musquodoboit Valley � his quote: �Musquodoboit held at that time and long anterior to it, a high reputation for the intelligence and virtue of its inhabitants. From an early period they had rigidly excluded teachers of �waif and stray� type. Consequently, education was in a more advanced stage with them than in many parts of Nova Scotia.� His first school in the Musquodoboit Valley was at Meagher�s Grant. Born a Methodist, he had drifted away from the church and embraced the doctrines of the sect which had led him into the afore-mentioned law suit. At this time, a Methodist preacher, Rev. H. McKeown, held services monthly at Meagher�s Grant and Jeremiah Willoughby was �born again� into his mother church. In 1855, Mr. Willoughby attended the newly opened Provincial Normal College, Truro, NS with 63 other students. Only four received First Class diplomas, one being Jeremiah Willoughby. To earn his way while attending Normal College, he went back to writing for the press at one dollar per column per week and also lecturing and private teaching. After graduation, Mr. Willougby returned to Musquodoboit for another year, making five years in the Valley. From there he went to Antigonish and Lochaber for four years. Then, by invitation, he returned to Musquodoboit and taught for a year in the Upper Settlement where he wrote an historical pamphlet, Land of the Mayflower. While there, also, his class was addressed by Governor Joseph Howe (who also lived at Upper Musquodoboit). The following three years Mr. Willoughby taught at Little River (Elderbank) and his quote : �had the satisfaction of seeing several of his pupils, subsequently, distinguish themselves in learned professions.� From Musquodoboit he taught several terms in the County of Yarmouth. Leaving Yarmouth, Mr. Willoughby spent five years in Avondale and Poplar Grove, Newport. He then spent a year (1877-78) at Cupids on Conception Bay, Newfoundland. It was there he wrote a large part of Lights and Shadows from which this outline was taken.

NOTE: Place of birth and dates of birth and death are not recorded in Lights and Shadows. The latter will be seen (if not obliterated by age) on his headstone along with the Masonic Symbol. He speaks of his first and early school days as being at Cornwallis.

The above information was researched by Gertrude (Grant) Streatch � May, 1983.

SUMMARY OF FREE SCHOOLS IN NOVA SCOTIA

Free Schools were not established through the leadership of any one man and it is wrong to think, as some do, that we are indebted to some one statesman or educator for the democratic system of education which we have enjoyed these past eighty years. As a matter of fact; two generations of Nova Scotians wrote, lectured, and formed legislation to this end, and scores of public men advocated free education for all before the final bill passed the Legislature in 1866. As early as 1807 a bill was introduced in the Assembly for the purpose of establishing a school system based on assessment. It was passed by the Legislature in 1808, but only one township � Aylesford � qualified for the government grant provided before it was superceded by a later act in 1811. And in every succeeding decade important legislation was passed, bringing the province gradually closer to Free Schools. It is interesting to note that many details of our present school system date to some year earlier than 1864. For example, provincial grants or provincial aid, the annual school meeting, local trustees, school commissioner and district boards, the position of Superintendent, and many other features of our system were created by acts in 1811, 1826, 1832, 1841, and 1850. But the basic principles of Free Schools were not fully realized until 1866. These principles may be summarized as follows: Schools must be provided by the people wherever there are children of school age; they must be open and free to all children; and they must be supported by general assessment. (Certain) factors delayed the adoption of Free Schools. One was the long standing quarrel between the Assembly and the Council, and it was not until responsible government was won that the Assembly was free to proceed with the establishment of a system that would greatly benefit the people in general. Denominational issues and the question of separate schools also split the ranks of those who sought to build a system of general education. And, finally, the reluctance of any government to being about so radical a change, requiring increased taxation and comparatively heavy expenditures of money, caused a long delay in the necessary legislation. A problem so fraught with controversy was bound to affect the political fortunes of the party in power, and it took a brave political leader to follow a straight course in establishing a common school system. In seeking to establish Free Schools, Nova Scotia followed the example set by two countries which had a profound effect on our nineteenth century life � New England and Scotland. Free schools were established two hundred years before in Massachusetts, and Nova Scotians perhaps felt that much of the New England prosperity which they envied was due to the superior American school system. From Scotland too came a deep respect for free education, We are not surprised, therefore, to find that the strongest agitation for Free Schools came from the sections of the province settled by New Englanders and Scottish immigrants. From the former element, the New Englanders, came T.H. Rand (whose slogan was: �Schools for all and all at school�). From the latter element came men like Dr. McCulloch, who did so much for the cause of education; and J.W. Dawson, who became our first Superintendent in 1850. The Tupper Government, which came into power in 1863, felt itself powerful enough to carry the issue against all opposition. The Act of 1864 extended assessment, but did not eliminate subscription altoghter; it also established the Council of Public Instruction, separated the offices of Superintendent and Principal of the Normal School, provided for adequate supervision of schools by a staff of inspectors, and greatly incresed the expenditure for public education. The Act of 1865 further improved the system, and in 1866 assessment was made the sole more of support. Thus were the principles of free public education embodied in statute.

From a paper on �Theodore Harding Rand� by Alexander F. Laidlaw. (N.S. Journal of Education, March

1944.)

THE YARN BALL

Boys and girls used to make yarn balls and take them to school to play with. A few daring lads rolled them on the floor during school. One day, a teacher told them if it happened the next day she would burn the ball. It did happen the next day, so she put the ball in the stove. In just a few moments there was a terrific explosion � the boys had made a new ball at home putting gunpowder in the center of it. No one was hurt but the stove was a total wreck.

The following minutes of Little River (now Elderbank) School Section are interesting as they are from the first meeting.

Minutes of the proceedings of a meeting held in the school house of No. 8 Section Rural District of the County of Halifax on the 25th day of October, 1864, in compliance with the notice issued by the District Inspector. At 7:00 p.m. the meeting was called to order and a motion made and seconded that Peter Cruickshank, Esq. Be chairman, which was carried by a large majority. Mr. Thomas Jameson was named Secretary. The secretary read to the meeting the sections of the School Act respecting the purposes for which they were called together, and the duties of the trustees as explained in Comments of the council of Public Instruction. Moved by Mr. William Bruce that Mr. Thomas Jameson be a trustee of the Section, seconded by Mr. James Ogilvie, carried by 15 yeas to 8 nays. Moved and seconded the Mr. William Bruce be appointed trustee. Moved in amendment that Mr. James Stephen be trustee, seconded. Moved in amendment that Mr. John Artz be trustee, seconded. The amendment that Mr. Artz be trustee being put carried 15 yeas and 9 nays. The amendment that Mr. James Stephen be trustee was put 10 yeas, 12 nays. The original motion for Mr. Bruce was put when 3 votes were given in his favour. Mr. John Artz was declared to be elected. Moved that Mr. John Cruickshank be trustee. Seconded. Carried 15 yeas, 3 nays The trustees reported that they required $255 for the ensuing year. The Secretary proposed that in taking the question whether the sum should be raised by assessment or not it should be by names. For taking names 15 against 1. The votes were then taken when there appeared

FOR ASSESSMENT AGAINST Thomas Jameson Samuel Taylor, Sr. James McCurdy William Burris William Hurley Samuel Green Peter Ogilvie Jr. John McBain James Ogilvie James Taylor 1 William Bruce James Taylor 3 George Bruce Sr. Alexander Rhind George Cole James Stephen John Cruickshank James Bruce John Tracey Duncan Grant John Ogilvie William Brown John Higgins Samuel Taylor Jr. Alexander Ogilvie Thomas McMullin John Artz TOTAL 13 Joseph Wallace George Artz Andrew Artz Alexander McDougall Joseoh Ogilvie William Ogilvie Andrew Cruickshank John Killen

John King TOTAL 23

Whereupon it was decided that the school should be supported by assessment. The chairman who had not voted now declared himslef in favour of assessment. On reading the paragraph No. 1 section 29 of the Education Act respecting the Trustees taking possession of the school property a question arose as to the rights of the people who built the school house by shares, several persons having come into the section since the house was erected ad who had borne no share in the cost of the building, the paragraph prohibiting the trustees from interfering with private rights. A proposition was made that the shareholders present give up their rights to the settlement. They voted years 12, nays 6. Motion was made and seconded that the trustees give in an estimate for the repairs of the schoolhouse, 12 yeas, 6 nays. The trustees delivered their estimate for repairing the school house and keeping it in order amounting to $40. Moved and seconded that Mr. Andrew Cruickshank be appointed assessor, carried unanimously. Moved that Mr. James Ogilvie be appointed assessor, seconded. Moved an amendment that Mr. William Bruce be appointed assessor. Upon a division that Mr. James Ogilvie was elected. Moved and seconded that Mr. James Stephen be appointed assessor. Moved in amendment that Mr. Joseph Ogilvie be appointed assessor. The amendment carried with one dissentment. Moved that Mr. Thomas James be Collector. Carried unanimously. The meeting then dissolved. Peter Cruickshank, Chairman Thomas Jameson, Secretary

Excerpts from minutes of succeeding school meetings: November 9, 1864 �The doubts entertained respecting the right of the trustees to take possession the school property having been submitted to J.R. Miller, Esq. The County Inspector, and he having declared his opinion that under the vote of the shareholders of the 25 of October they would be fully justified in doing so, they (the trustees) met this day to provide for repairs.�

November 27, 1864 �Up to this date there had been no success in procuring a teacher so it was decided to advertise in the Nova Scotian and the Presbyterian Witness, two Halifax newspapers. This was found too expensive so the resolution was rescinded.�

May 1865 �An application was received from Miss Melissa Kent offering to teach for six months for sixty or seventy dollars and government allowance but the trustees thought that they ought not to engage a female teacher at this time. They then engaged Mr. George Ross of Earlston (Earltown?) who agreed to teach all the branches mentioned in the syllabus, and in addition the classics to such scholars as may be sent for that purpose. His salary was $120 plus all government allowances including the premium of 25% in consideration of his services for that period. School opened on the 22 of May and closed on the 31 of October that year. It opened with 33 scholars and by mid-July there were 75 on the roll, 25 of whom were just past the age at which they could be admitted to school.� Fuel and janitor services for that term cost $7.00. The second teacher was Mr. William G. Cruickshank who had a First Class diploma from the Examining Committee of Western Hants. School opened November 8, 1865 and closed October 31, 1866. The third teacher was Mr. Robert Sedgewick with Miss Margaret McHeffey as assistant. Miss McHeffy was engaged as teacher the next year.

October 16, 1865 The trustees report concludes with these words: In conclusion the trustees wish to state that in what they have done during the year they have been actuated solely by a desire to establish a school which shall be a credit to the section and one which shall in time turn out scholars a credit to the school are capable of doing business in any condition of life. They flatter themselves that they have made a fair beginning towards that end and they leave it to the people to carry it out or not as they may deem fit, merely reminding them that cheap schools are in the end much the dearest and that to starve the school by a stringent economy is being penny wise and pound foolish.

POST OFFICES

One of the first Post Offices was situated near John Whitenect�s property. The building was later moved up the road near Henry Killen�s Blacksmith Shop. Around 1900, it was in John Bain�s store and Wilbert Bain was postmaster, when he was killed by accident. His wife, Ethel, took over and operated for a while in the same building. The Post Office was next located across the road and was run by Mr. & Mrs. Frank Angwin until their deaths. In 1944, Merlin Myers took over Norman Cole�s store and built a piece onto the store to house the post office. He eventually added on to his house to accommodate the post office. This property is now owned by James Venner. When Merlin Myers sold out, the office was moved back to the old Killen Store which was then owned by Victor Dares. It was operated by several people while at this location, including Sylvia Keddy, William Leedham and John Whitenect. The next home for the office was across the road at Percy Ogilvie�s store on the former Angwin property. After his death, the office was taken over by his wife Ethel for a short time and then it was moved again � this time to a small building on the Gerald Innis property, where Florence Pangburn was postmistress. This small building was moved onto the Recreation Property where Florence finished her 22 years of service. The present Post Office is now situated in the home of Harding McCulloch (formerly the Angwin property) where Mabel McCulloch has been postmistress since 1978. THE CHURCHES

There is one church in present-day Elderbank, but there have been as many as five denominations in Little River. The earliest record of Church activity was 1856 when the Presbytery of Halifax sent out in succession the Rev. Boyd, Rev. Jardine and Rev. Harper. Their goal was to unify the different factions of Presbyterians in order to procure the services of a missionary. They were not entirely successful. The Rev. James Wilson was the first missionary sent out by the Church of Scotland. The first communion was held in Little River School in September 1857 with 30 to 40 communicants. The first meeting held to consider the erection of a church took place on July 27, 1858. Alexander Taylor, James Cruickshank, William Taylor, Peter Cruickshank, James McCurdy, Duncan MacDonald, James Taylor, Hugh Hurley, and John Cruickshank were given the power to procure a site, a contract for the building and finish it as soon as possible. They purchased an acre of land from William Taylor on the farm known as Elder Bank. George Sutherland was given the contract and the frame was erected on July 6, 1859. At a meeting on September 26, 1859 it was resolved to give the congregation the name �St. Andrew Church, Elder Bank, Musquodoboit.� The Rev. Wilson returned to Scotland in 1859. The Church was incorporated under the general Act of Incorporation in 1860 and was to be �inalienably connected with the Established Church of Scotland.� Names like Taylor, Bruce and Cruickshank are prominent among the first trustees, elders and stewards. The Church was opened for worship in May 27, 1860. Permission was granted to the Anti-Burger Presbyterians to use the building when not otherwise in use by the congregation. These Presbyterians were not connected with the Established Church of Scotland, but belonged to the Anti-Burger Synod. Very little is known about the group as few records survive; names such as Ogilvie and Cole were known to belong to the group. Then in 1875 came the great union of all the branches of Presbyterianism into the Presbyterian Church of Canada. The first to minister to all was Rev. Duncan MacKinnon, inducted April 30, 1884. The first manse was built in 1881 and is now the home of Arthur and Esty Keddy. About 1904, a new (the present ) manse was constructed. All of the ministers of this early period must receive praise. However, the Rev. D. Stiles Fraser must be mentioned for his work to beautify the Church and its grounds. The stained glass windows, cement entry posts and horse sheds are gone but the beautiful maples which he planted still remain around the Church grounds. The Rev. G.W. Miller was inducted in October, 1923, and without division, St. Andrews, Elder Bank entered the United Church of Canada. Elder Bank became one word in 1911 as the village changed its name from Little River to Elderbank. So the farm name of William Taylor became the Church name and finally the name of the community. On August 8, 1948 St. Andrews United Church was destroyed by fire when stuck by lightening. Plans for financing and constructing a new Church were made on August 28 and work began almost immediately. In the interim the congregation worshipped in the Temperance Hall. Rev. Boyd Bishop worked on many committees and finally led in three services of praise to mark the opening of a new Church on November 13, 1949. The total cost of the church and furnishings was $20,000.00. The debt on the building at dedication was $3,600.00. In November of 1953, the mortgage was burned and the Church was free of debt. The Church has enlarged and improved the cemetery grounds many times. The cemetery contains the graves of many of the early settlers and the small headstones stand as a reminder of the many children of the early settlers that died in those early and harsh years. Besides the Presbyterians, there were also other denominations in the community. A Baptist Church was built in Little River about 1898 on land donated by Joe Wallace, beside the present home of Anna Leedham Montgomery. It served as a place of worship for about twenty years, then as the Baptist population had dwindled, it was sold in 1911 and moved to where the present garage sits. The Baptist Church forms part of this garage. The first minister was Rev. Crandell. The parsonage is now the Abolit house. Little River was also a preaching point for the Methodists. In the mid and late 1800�s Methodist preachers from Middle Musquodoboit and Meagher�s Grant led the services. The Rev. L. Gaetz, followed by Rev. J.J. Teasdale and again the Rev. Gaetz (married this time) had led the Methodist Church in the whole Musquodoboit Valley, Shubenacadie and Oldham in the 1860�s. On July 24, 1915, the Elderbank Women�s Institute was organized. Activities were centered mostly on Red Cross and the war effort. At the close of the war, efforts were transferred to the Church. In June 1921 this group was disbanded and Ladies Aid Society formed. The Ladies Aid Society worked for the betterment of the Church particularly the beautification of the Church interior. The Ladies Aid Society eventually became the St. Andrews United Church Women, which continues to work for the Church, raising money for projects. It should be mentioned that in the early years of Little River and later Elderbank, the Churches were the focal point of the community. If there were to be three services on Sunday, some families would attend them all. The Church provided social as well as religious refreshments. Young people�s groups were centered around the Church. This trend has continued as the Church still has C.G.I.T., Tyros, etc. The Boy Scouts and 4-H use the facilities of St. Andrews Church Hall as well as the Senior Citizens Group.

MINISTERS

1860-1985

Rev. George V. Stewart Rev. John McMillan Rev. David Neish Duncan McKinnon Rev. T.H. Murray Rev. J.F. Poley Rev. A.H. Campbell Rev. J.R. Douglas Rev. W.J. Fowler Rev. D. Stiles Fraser Rev. L.P. Archibald Rev. G.W. Miller Rev. T. Palethorpe Rev. J.A. MacKean Rev. G.A. Grant Rev. J.I. Morrison Rev. Dr. E.A. Betts Rev. Boyd R. Bishop Rev. J.H. Slade Rev. Lester Settle William A. Butt Rev. R. Theo Crozier Ray C. Hagerman Frank W. Pye Rev. J.P. Fraser Rev. Brian Gazzard Rev. Henry Boston Harold Jones Rev. D. Earle Dana Cochrane Rev. Frank Gosbee PIONEER INDUSTRIES

As there were few roads and no supermarkets, the pioneers relied on each other for the necessities of life. This dependence on one another caused industries to spring up and craftsmen to offer their wares and talents. One of the first industries was a gristmill. This was located at Higgins Lake and run by Jack Higgins. As land was cleared, grain was planted. The grain was taken to the mill and made into flour for home consumption. The bran and husks were feed for the family cow and the oxen or horses. This mill was water powered � power was created by a dam on the lake. Several tanneries sprang up in the settlement. One of the first was operated by John Artz on the site where Fred Keddy�s home now stands. Mr. Artz was also a cobbler- making and repairing boots and shoes for the villagers. Wilson Ogilvie had a tannery and it was situated between Alden White�s house and the Harding McCulloch home. Billy McDougall had a cobbler shop on the road past the church on the property now owned by Charles Killen. Robert Brown was also a cobbler � he travelled from home to home; repairing and making shoes to fit the needs of settlers. Herbert Ogilvie and Henry Gladwin owned and operated a harness shop just across the road from Wilson Ogilvie�s tannery. There was a wheelwright in our village and his business was on the hill across from the church. The first Post Office was also located here. With no electricity, all these craftsmen worked with hand tools, patience and great skill. The satisfaction of well turned out products was reward for their patience and hard work. There was a great demand for blacksmiths in early days. There was one near Allison Killen�s operated by Allison Brown � another early smithy had a shop near the present school property. This shop was operated by John Tracey. Later Henry Killen operated one on the property owned by his son, Owen. He could do anything with iron � make horse and oxen shoes and put them on too. Mr. Killen made mat clamps for the ladies, machinery parts and repairs for the menfolk and I dare say, he repaired and fixed a good many broken toys for the neighbourhood children. He was great friend to the children � being next door to the school, many a child slipped over at recess or noon hour to watch horses get their new shoes on. One young fellow who had warts on his hands went to the shop in tears because no one would hold his hand while playing �top the ring�. Mr. Killen looked at the lad�s hands and said, �You go over there to the tub where I cool my irons and wash your hands in the water and forget about your warts.� For three days, he washed his hands in the tub at noon hour and to the amazement of all, the warts did disappear in a few days. This same fellow was helping to put up basketball hoops that Mr. Killen had made from light wagon wheel tires, the ladder slipped as he was nailing up a hoop and, of course, he grabbed the hoop to keep from falling. As a result, he had a large gash across the palm of each hand. He ran to the shop for help from the smithy. In the back of his mind he envisioned a day or two off from school but he got fooled. Mr. Killen had the cure. He poured kerosene oil on the hands, and told him to wave them in the air to dry them. Hands dried, he sent the lad to the house for Mrs. Killen to bandage up. There was little soreness in his hands, so bandaged up, he went back to school to resume his school work � darn no holidays. Mr. Killen�s successful and friendly business closed around 1960. Henry Wallace had a carpernter shop. He made furniture of all kinds as well as cradles and coffins. As building began, lumber was in demand so saw mills were set up in each community. These were mostly run by water power situated on lakes, rivers or streams. One of the earliest was a Higgins Lake � Cooks Lake and Browns Lake also had mills on them. Portable mills became popular � these were mostly run by steam and were moved to where large stands of timber were cut. At first, logs were of no value so they peeled off the bark for the tanneries and burned the logs. The task of preparing the log was a hard one. The men would help each other clear the land, burn the logs and for those who worked all day there was usually a dance after the evening meal. The pioneers learned to work together to get their work done � there was little or no cash to be paid out so they exchanged work. Large saw mills were built down river and men would work in the woods all winter, stay in camps, eat at a cookhouse which was built either by mill owners or the lumbermen who took contracts to cut and supply the mill. When the high waters came in the spring, the river drive was on. The winters logs� that were browed on the river bank were loosed to the water and driven to the mills. The river drive was dangerous but the skill of these men sent the logs on their way. Many a good soaking was had but very few lives were lost and the logs reached their destination by the easiest way known to these pioneers.

Logging still goes on in our community, but the days of logging camps and river drives are gone � huge trucks and machinery have taken over. Besides logs and pulpwood, the Christmas tree industry is booming. Silvaculture is fast becoming a way of protecting our forest lands. Besides harvesting bark, logs and wood, railway ties were produced here, as were knees for shipbuilding and hoops for barrel making. These goods were all produced with hand tools, the axe, broad axe and the adz. The coming of saw mills saw these industries cease. There were two General Stores in early years. Mr. Burris operated one at the �corner�. Norman Cole purchased this business from Burris. At the retirement of Mr. Cole, Mr. Merlin Myers took over the store and later sold it to Victor Dares. Gordon Messervey and Frank Underwood also kept store here. With the coming of fast cars and big supermarkets, business in the country wasn�t profitable � now our �General Store� stands empty and weather beaten. The other main store of bygone days was operated by Mr. Gladwin and was situated near the home of John & Anna Montgomery. John Bain and his son Wilbert operated this store as did John Killen and Victor Dares. This building has been demolished. Several other smaller stores operated, at one time or another in our village. Cameron McMullen had a store near the train station, George Conrad had a business up the back road. Percy Ogilvie had a shop in the village. Penny candy, ice cream and a plug of chewing tobacco could be had at any of these friendly little shops. With the coming of cars and trucks, garages were the order of the day. The Baptist Church was moved across the road by the corner store and became a garage and service station. Mr. Claude Morash had a garage and gas pumps. Those were the days when your repairs could be done close to home, but now Middle Musquodoboit is our closest gas station. Hillside Hotel was a flourishing business for many years. Cumminger Holman operated this hotel for some time and in 1914, it became the property of Norman and Maud Dares. Many agents and salesmen made regular stops here. Families came from the city for summer vacation in the country. Mr. Dares had a livery stable and either drove, or rented a rig for the agents to make their rounds to the surrounding area clients. Mr. Dares was the agent for DeLaval and McCormick Machinery Companies. Many cream separators, mowing machines and so on passed through this agency. On Saturday night the hotel made home-made ice cream � this was a treat for young and old alike. The hotel business closed, but the Dares� still lived at Hillside. Mr. Dares started a bus service to Halifax in 1936. The bus left Elderbank in the early morning, picking up passengers along the way, and arriving in Halifax by mid-morning and leaving for the return trip in late afternoon. A bus route to Truro was another service provided by Mr. Dares but ran only two or three days a week. On the retirement of Norman Dares the operation was taken over by his son Clyde. In 1961, Hillside Hotel became the home of Archibald and Anna MacDonald and family. The MacDonalds operate an interesting shop known as the Northstar Curiosity and Antique shop. Mr. & Mrs. George Fisher had a business of their own for a number of years. Mrs. Fisher baked bread, white and brown, and plum loaf; cookies and other goodies. Mr. Fisher gathered farm produce. On Friday morning, by train, Mrs. Fisher went off to the City Market with their wares. Her regular customers awaited her arrival, each waiting for their special order of bread or ginger snaps. On the Saturday evening train, Mrs. Fisher returned home, eager to start getting ready for the next week. When the train ceased to run, Mrs. Fisher packed her goods and went by Dares Bus Lines or sometimes by car. As land was cleared in the late 1880�s, farming became the most important industry. The farms had lands bordering on one of the rivers in the area. These rivers and streams gave meadowlands for pasturing and water for the animals. The farms had an acreage of twenty-five to two or three hundred acres. The milking herds were built up from just a few to the large farms of today to fifty, seventy-five or more. In pioneer days, the milk was set to cool in large pans, the cream skimmed off and made into butter. The skimmed milk and buttermilk was used to feed the calves and pigs. In 1893, a creamery was built in Middle Musquodoboit. The farmers took their milk to the creamery, here it was separated, the cream was bought by the creamery and the skim milk was brought home for the livestock on the farm. Soon farmers had their own separators and trucks were used to pick up the cream from the farm for the creamery. About 1918, some farmers shipped whole milk by train to the dairies in the Dartmouth-Halifax area. The milk in large cans was taken to the railway station in time for the train which passed through about 7:00 a.m. The empty cans came by return train in the evening. Seldom did farmers have enough for 2 days milk supply, so this meant that the farmers had to pick up these cans every evening. The milk was kept cool in large tanks of ice water. During the winter the ice cakes were cut from the river, lakes or ponds in the area. These huge ice cakes were stored in the �ice house�, packed in sawdust, they would keep very well. One of the first in the area to ship whole milk was Alfred Keddy who purchased the Harris Dares farm in 1918. Mr. Keddy�s plan was to produce the milk in Elderbank, ship it to Dartmouth where he had a milk route which would be delivered by his sons. This idea was short-lived as the sons sold the milk route to Mr. Morash and joined the army. Very soon, other farmers also shipped milk. Harvey Cole, Ralph Cruickshank and Carson Killen, among others made the daily trip to the station. Mr. Milligan from the Department of Agriculture had set up an office at the Post Office. At this office (open one or two days per month), the farmers took milk samples to be tested for butterfat. By keeping track of these test results the farmer could improve his milking herd, culling out the low producers and nuturing the good cows. Many pioneers raised sheep which provided wool for their warm clothes. It was an arduous task cleaning, carding and spinning the wool so it could be woven for clothes or blankets, or knit into warm garments for the cold winters. By the 1950�s, small family farms began to dwindle as the old farmers passed on, the sons could no longer make a living on a small farm. Working away in the Metropolitan areas of the county provided work for many who commuted daily to Truro or the Halifax-Dartmouth area. The creamery in Middle Musquodoboit closed down and the small farmer either sold his land or rented it out to the expanding dairymen. At present, there are three farmers shipping milk and some beef raised in Elderbank; but we can boast of many skilled tradesmen and women. We have craftsmen including carpenters, plumbers, welders, electricians, nurses, draftsmen, mechanics, teachers and more. Although these people must commute to work they make up an important segment of our community and contribute substantially in every way to the betterment of our rural living, Improved transportation and better highways give these country living city workers time to enjoy the country. They grow good gardens that supply them with fresh produce in the growing season, and some to store and freeze for the winter season. We still have some thriving small businesses in Elderbank. We have Whalley Construction operated by James Whalley who can build you a house in no time, repair your roof or build you a barn. Gerald Innis builds good and practical cupboards and boats to go fishing or just boating. North Star Curiosity and Antique shop, run by Tim MacDonald and his wife can supply you with furniture and household articles, both practical and ornate. If you need refinishing or upholstering for some of your favourite belongings, then see Abby at �Abby�s Upholstery Shop� who can do a fine job. If you�re due for a landscaping of your yard, we have two very enterprising topsoil and sod businesses. Musquodoboit Valley Quality Sods operated by James and Allan Streatch or Fred Keddy and Sons can supply you with the necessary goods. Mr. Joe Masutti does beautiful wrought iron work. He can make you an ornate stair railing, flower pot hangers or a sign for your lawn or gateway. If you are planning on selling out, you can depend on the auctioneer in our village. Arthur Keddy, all decked out in top hat and cane, he can sell all your household furniture and accumulated goods and trivia to the highest bidder.

CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS

Throughout the years, Elderbank has been a community of participation, cooperation and organization for young and old alike. Many of the early groups centered their activities around the community hall and at present, many of the communities activities are carried our in the church hall as Elderbank no longer facilitates a hall as a meeting place. The community hall in Elderbank was torn down in the 1960�s. This hall was originally the Sons of Temperance Hall. The temperance movement gained momentum about the turn of the century. At first it was a men�s group but shortly both sexes joined. Before a hall was built, they met in a room over the store owned by Norman Cole. Money was subscribed and a hall was built where the small recreation building now stands. Advance Division, No. 798, was instituted at Little River on November 16, 1895. The movement grew and then finally waned in the late 1920�s or early 1930�s. The old records contain some interesting incidents. Some members would be barred for one month and then sponsored, and again and again they would take the pledge and again and again they would be barred for drinking. The meetings were often entertained by songs, readings or skits. Another organization that has deep roots in Elderbank is the 4-H Club. Originally started as the Boys and Girls Club, the clubs did much to develop the quality of livestock and improve production practices in the area, as well as develop leadership and responsibility in the members. The first Club was the Musquodoboit Swine Club, started in Middle Musquodoboit in the mid 1920�s (1926). Some boys from Elderbank attended this club. A couple of years later, the Elderbank Calf Club was organized by D.R. Kelly and Charles Archibald of the Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture. A Guernsey Calf Club was organized � the first President was Jack Fox. Some of the first members were Irvine Conrad, Frank Cole, Harold Cruickshank, Chester Innis, Jack Fox, George Leedham and Art Ogilvie. A field day was held behind the Church each spring in May with the boys showing their Guernsey calves. A Girls� Sewing Club was organized in the Elderbank School and continued to 1950 when the high school opened. One of the early achievements of the Calf Club was to be granted a petition to have Elderbank declared a �Purebred area.� This was granted on July 9, 1931 and was the first of many areas in Nova Scotia. No grade or scrub bulls would be allowed into the area for breeding purposes. The Club grew and then died out during the war years. The Riverside 4-H Club was organized in the early 1950�s by Peter Stewart, the Agricultural representative in Middle Musquodoboit, under the leadership of Murray Killen. This Club was originally a Calf Club (Ayreshires) and grew to include many projects such as garden, forestry, rabbit, clothing, crafts and food. The Club is still going and the Calf Club is still an important part of the Club although most of the calves are Holstein. The early Calf Club Field Days blossomed into a full-fledged community field day. There were as many as 20 bulls with herds shown as well as the calves and heifers from the Club members. In the 1930�s most if the bulls were Guernsey, but there were also Holsteins, Ayreshires and Jerseys. It was one agricultural highlight along with the annual Exhibition held in Middle Musquodoboit in the fall. The Morrison Credit Union was organized in the early 1940�s by Rev. G.I. Morrison. This club met house to house. This was a flourishing organization with a large membership. In 1928, there was a Tennis Club in Elderbank with a tennis court where the ball field is now. The community enjoyed this game for several years. Elderbank once had a Rural Beautification Club. This club met at the homes of members and was under sponsorship of the Department of Agriculture. Mr. Jankoff, horticulturalist with the department came and helped members landscape their properties and the public buildings in our community. Shrubs and trees were purchased through the Department of Agriculture at the cost of 25( each. There has been a recreation club in our community for some time. Ball teams are sponsored; balls, bats and equipment is provided for big and little teams alike. The fenced playground with its swings, slides and sandboxes provides a safe place for small children to play. Since moving to our community, Tim MacDonald spent much time at the ball field tirelessly helping the little folk to play ball.

PROVINCIAL SCOUT CAMP

In the early sixties the Provincial Council of the Boy Scouts organization started looking for a suitable property in central Nova Scotia for the training of leaders in the movement. After a number of years of looking they were successful in purchasing the old Brown property at Elderbank, containing some 300 acres at the lake bearing the same name. Under the leadership of Mr. R.D. Evans, provincial commissioner, Mr. J.D. Kline was appointed chairman of the camp development committee. He was assisted by Mr. A.E. MacMillan and Mr. Chester Keen. Mr. N.H. Akerlund was chosen as the representative from the Halifax Regional Council. This committee was charged with the development of the property for the holding of a two thousand boy Canadian Jamboree, to commemorate Canada�s Centennial year in July, 1967. To provide a suitable campsite many hundreds of volunteers were asked to donate time, equipment and materials for the construction of such a large campsite. A water system was installed and the barn and house were rebuilt. This provided a base of operations for the Jamboree. Fifty-five troop tent sites were cleared and a road system was built. Proper swimming facilities were constructed and a six hundred foot wide beach was built to Red Cross Swimming standards. After the Jamboree, the property has been used as a leadership training facility and for the holding of various wide games in Scouting. The largest of these events is Operation Alert which is held annually at the camp for all Boy Scouts in the Province with their B.P. I level in Scouting. We can be very proud of our local troop, here in Elderbank, who have placed very well every year that they have participated. THE BAMBRICK STORY

Roy Bambrick was an active citizen of Elderbank around 1915. He organized horse races on Brown�s Lake and was active in the Sons of Temperance organization. This story is about his grandfather, recorded by one of his great grandchildren. Some descendants still live in Elderbank. David was left fatherless at 18 months of age. His father, who was an attorney, was killed by the Indians when David was a baby. He had come to Nova Scotia when it was first settled, thinking it would be a better place to make a living. The Indians were hostile because they thought the white men were coming to rob them. Deal Bambrick was the lawyer in a case to be tried one day; he bade his wife and baby farewell but never came back. The mother and baby had to go home to her parents named Ogilvie. There were no roads and everyone rode horseback. The mother had to ride to the village to see about some belongings and had to stay overnight. Rains came and river overflowed. She ventured to swim her horse across a river, fastened the bridle to her wrist, and could have made it but the horse�s belly-band broke and she was washed off and drowned. Her body was recovered three miles downstream. The horse saved itself and went home, so a search was made for her. This David Deal Bambrick was left an orphan at about two years of age. The Ogilvie�s sent him to school until Grade IV. After that, he knocked about from place to place. Aunt Sadie remembered him telling her that he had a bad knee and the Indians cured him and he lived with them until he was quite a big boy. He was only 19 years old when he first married. His first wife�s name was Rielly. They lived with her parents who left their farm to them for caring for the parents. After they died, grandfather sold or traded the farm for a sawmill, something he knew nothing about. There were seven children, three boys and four girls. The oldest son was named William, who went to sea and was lost. Dad (James) and Dave were the other boys. The girls were Agnes, Eunice, Mary, and Maria. Dave was the youngest of all. Maria married a Mr. Farnell, a carpenter Eunice married a Mr. Barrett Mary married a Mr. Walker of Dartmouth Agnes married a Mr. MacGrath

Next, Grandad married Aunt Sadie�s mother, who was Elizabeth Streatch and they had eight children, four boys and four girls. Charles, the oldest, died and was buried in Eureka, California. Then came Henry; John; Jane, who died young; George; Alice; Melissa; Sadie. Aunt Sadie was a delicate child but is now 94 years of age (1963). She is still living in June 1969. The third wife was Susan Tracey (related to Mother, Emma Meagher). They had one child, William Edward. Susan had a good education for the times � could do anything with cloth, weaving both wool and cotton. Made clothes for both the father and children living at home, the four youngest, three girls and George. She was a gifted person to have married a man with seven children. Lucky for them. She kept them clean and was an excellent cook, and good at sewing (embroidery). She taught Aunt Sadie and the others to knit and crochet. Her father lived with them for a long time. She worked herself to death. William (Susan�s) followed Uncle Dave to the Coast and worked in lumber, then to Washington and married Daisy Wood. She died and after five years he married Catherine. William died in 1960 after 12 years of marriage. His wife looks after her mother who is 80 years of age. She writes to Aunt Sadie yet. Aunt Sadie spent a year with Will after her husband died.

Written by Lena Bambrick David�s great granchildren still live in Elderbank. TRAGEDIES

Elderbank has had many tragedies. The cemetery contain many graves of the children who died of disease in the early years. One of the earliest was on November 15, 1894 when Fred Ogilvie was drowned in the Musquodoboit River. Later in 1923, while duck hunting, a shooting incident took the life of Wilbert Bain and in 1934, his youngest son, Walter died near the same place when he fell, while playing in a boat and ruptured himself. In 1947 Willea (Cruickshank) Rafters and her husband were both killed by a train, at a railroad crossing in Windsor Junction. In 1958, a fire in the barn of Stanley Bezanson claimed the lives of his two sons Ervin aged 5 years and Earl aged four years. The barn was rebuilt by neighbours but before it was completely finished a big wind blew it down. The farm was later sold to Carl Blades, who also lost a barn in a fire in 1980. Another barn has been built. In 1958, a house fire claimed the life of Walter Leedham. Earl Higgins and his son Theodore � 18 months old, both died when their house was burned down in 1961. In 1968 a car accident claimed the life of James age 21 years and Richard age 20 years, Ogilvie, sons of Gladys and the late Austin Ogilvie. Another accident in Quebec took the life of Richard � 26 years, only son of Frank and Stella Cruickshank. In 1971 a brutal murder claimed the life of Alvin Castle, 14 year old son of Jack and Shirley Castle. In 1978, a car accident took the life of Margaret Killen, leaving Ross and six children. In March 1979 during a spring flood, Mabel Fisher was drowned in Little River by falling through a hole in an unsafe bridge which was under repair at the time. Her body was found some two months later in Meagher�s Grant. In 1981 Heather Blades, daughter of Carl and Kathy Blades met her death while playing. Her body was found in a deep freezer. All of these accidents are felt by the whole community and leave their mark. Many other fires have destroyed barns and house with no loss of life. In February, 1974, a large hog and hen complex owned by James and Kenneth Streatch was burned down, killing a large number of pigs and chickens. The village owned a pump to combat fires and in 1978, Elderbank organized a volunteer fire department and has joined forces with Meagher�s Grant to help provide services.

ROLL OF HONOUR

We record with pride and gratitude the names of members of war service unit of St. Andrew�s. 1939-1945.

Ervin Myers � Supreme Sacrifice Erastus Farnell Johnathon H. Nunn Alfred Keddy Maurice Myers Robert Rhind Delbert Killen Frank C. Cole Chester Innis

John Fulton Edwin Cole Norman Keddy William Green Gordon Rector Caleb Burns Carl Rhind Ella Rhind (Perry) Dora Keddy

Frank Cruickshank Neil Rhind Gerald Innis Lewis E. McMullin Kenneth Bain DFE Charles Reid Robert Dares Albert Ogilvie Fraser Miller Austin Ogilvie Lester Mosher Frank Ogilvie Reginald Keddy Leland Fisher Claude Morash Bennie Drysdale PROPERTY � WHO OWNS OR OWNED

William MacLean, Hiram Scott (Ethel), Irivne Conrad (Stella), Arthur Murphy (Jessie), Murray Killen (Ada), Warren Clements (Laura), and David Cole (Helena). This property is in the Musquodoboit district but the people have always been associated with Elderbank.

Norman Dillman (Patricia).

Alexander Taylor (Ann), John Berry, William Miller (Bessie), Ralph Miller, and Alvin Blades (Doreen).

Ralph Miller � This property and No. 2 at one time were part of property No. 3.

Alonzo Grant (Catherine), Arlington Grant, Roy Fisher, Stanley Bezanson, and Carl Blades (Kathy).

Fred Rout (Christine).

George Meagher (Della), Alfred J. Keddy (Margaret), Arthur Keddy (Esty), Joseph Keddy (Freda), Christopher Steeves (Ethel), and Lou Hiscock (Jean). The first house was moved from Elderbank village, was destroyed by fire, and rebuilt. This property and No. 6 was part of property No. 13.

Michael Meagher (Catherine). They built a log house which was located behind the present one and retained a room which was used as a classroom, then hired a teacher for their two sons. Winfred Cole, Harris Dares (Mabel), Alfred Keddy (Margaret), Walter Keddy (Alice), Cyril Brown (Vivian) and William Brown (Ruth).

Samuel Green, Fisher, Maurice Cole (Annie), Ivan Cole (Jean), and Wilfred MacKenzie (Vida).

William Brown, Burgess, MacLeod, Percy Ogilvie (Nellie) and Albert Ogilvie (Mary).

Brown, Ester Brown, Gilbert Cole (Ella), Louis Pangburn (Florence), Daniel Murphy, Provincial Boy Scout Camp.

Murchy, Fred Ogilvie, Charles Ogilvie (Harriet), Osborne Henry (Leonora), James Streatch (Margaret), Murray Killen (Ada), and Charles Killen.

Charles Hurley (Jennie), Louis Hirley (Maud), Melrose Scott (Harriet), William Keddy (Hazel), and Ivan Jeffers (Bertha).

Archibald, Prescott Dean, Brady, Clifford Goff (Hannah), Cole twins �Marks and Willis, Charles Jeffers (Josephine), Ivan Jeffers (Bertha), Michael Patterson (Susan), and Marnie Mitchell.

James Taylor (Alice), St. Andrew�s Church Manse, Alexander Sutherland, Dr. Rupter Chute (Mina), and Arthur Keddy (Esty).

Donald Cole.

John Ogilvie Sr. (Pheobe), John Ogilvie Jr. (Mary), Walter Ogilvie (Edith), Maurice Cole (Annie), and Frank Cole (Hattie).

Gerald Innis (Beth). This property and No. 16 were part of property No. 17.

Site of the Duncan Grant property, buildings now demolished � property owned by Frank Angwin, William Leedham, now Laurie Leedham.

Kenneth Dawson (Vega), Earl Higgins (Anita), original home destroyed by fire, Gerald MacEwan (Barbara), and Laurie Leedham. This property was part of No. 19.

MacBain, Cole, Holman, Norman Dares (Maude), Victor Dares (Ruth), Robert Dares (Gertrude), and Archibald MacDonald (Ann). At one time this was known as Hillside Hotel.

Joseph Wallace (Mary), Garfield Wallace (Margaret), Edna Wright, and Brian Whalley (Lydia).

Store: Samuel Burris, Norman Cole, Merlin Myers, Victor Dares, Ruth Dares, Gordon Messervey, Robert McElmon, Frank Underwood. An addition was built to the store by Merlin Myers, which was used for the Post Office. In 1900, the Baptist Church was moved from across the road and was used as a garage.

Victor Dares (Ruth), Gordon Messervey (Olive), Robert McElmon (Vera), and Frank Underwood.

Samuel Burris, Norman Cole (Carrie), Merlin Myers (Ida), Clyde Higgins (Lulu), Clyde Dares (Bessie), James Venner (Velma).

Elmer Milne home, moved from Murchyville by Everett Cole, John Whitenect (Alice). Jeremiah Willoughby lived near here � also the first Post Office was near here.

Church built in 1860 � refer to church records.

Cameron McMullin (Catherine), Hervie Grant (Viantha), McGrath, Pickrem. Henry Moore (Mary), and Richard Moore (June).

Lillias Fancy, Beth Cole, and Watson Beaman (Sandra)

William MacDonald, Frank Hoskins

Elderbank Farm, William Taylor, McCurdy, Edward Howe (Mazie), James MacDonald (Georgina) and son William. Later this farm was operated by Eric Sigel (Diana) and now by Charles Killen. No. 30 was also a part of this land.

David Whitenect (Minnie).

United Church Manse for the Lower Musquodoboit Pastoral Charge. This property and No. 29 were part of No. 28.

Dillman, Henry Killen (Alice), son Owen Killen. Henry Killen operated his Blacksmith Shop, which fascinated all the school children until his retirement. It has since been demolished.

Kenneth Costello (Gloria).

School � refer to school records.

Ross Killen (Margaret). This was the former school until 1958 when the new one was constructed. This property and Nos. 35 and 36 were part of property No. 28.

Edith Killen, Emerson Swinemar (Heather).

Dr. Carter Sigel (Billie), Lothar Schluter (Christine). This property was part of No. 31 � Elderbank Farm.

Florence Pangburn, Joseph Fisher (Sheila), and Ann Rowlings.

Cameron McMullin (Catherine), Hiram Scott (Ethel), Harvey Rector (Amy), William Dillman (Ena), Brewer, Original house destroyed by fire, rebuilt by Gerald MacEwan (Barbara).

Station House (Site only).

Hervie Grant (Viantha), Julia Burns, and Donald Dillman (mother Ena).

George Cole Sr. (Alice), George Cole Jr. (Margaret Ann), Clarence Cole (Georgina), Alexander Scott (Georgina), and Eark Scott.

Allison Brown (Janet), Carson Killen (Grace), and Allison Killen (Joan).

Andrew Cruickshank (Jessie), William Rhind (Eliza), Clifford Rhind (Odessa), and Roy Rhind (Ella).

Robert Cruickshank, Frances King, George Conrad (Elizabeth), Lloyd Conrad (Edith), and Brown (Willa).

Herman Peiper (Margaret), Jack Castle (Shirley), Donald Castle (Edith), John Dillman (Gwen).

Cole, Martin, Robert Cruickshank, Sidney Cruickshank, and Annie Cruickshank. Buildings have been demolished but land is now owned by Bennie Killen.

Joseph Whalley (Mary Jane), Charles Whalley (Gladys), and Jack Castle (Shirley).

Cruikshank, James MacDonald (Georgina), John Myers (Mildred), Allan Seward (Violet), and Ted Seward.

Site of Cameron McMullin house, now owned and farmed by John Dillman No. 48.

Morton McMullin (Harriet), Newton Killen (Edith).

Alex McMullin (Janet), Charles Rowlings (Anna), Dr. James (Dorothy), and Robert Kent.

John Cruikshank, Frank Cruikshank (Stella).

Site of the residence of a Mrs. Martin.

James Soles, John Burns.

Carl Dillman (Julia), Everett Cole (Mary), and Lyman Higgins (Pearl). No. 56 was part of this land.

Caleb Higgins (Rose).

Isaac Dillman (Lillias). George Fisher (Lillian), Ross Shatten, and Walter Creaser (Marthe).

Leland Fisher (Pauline).

Willliam Rhind (Eliza), Andrew Cruikshank (Jessie). Mr. Rhind and Mr. Cruikshank traded farms, refer to No. 46. Harvey Cole (Annie), Murray Killen (Ada), Raymond McMullin (Jean), Eric Sigen (Diana), and Tigellino Masutto (Betty).

James Bambrick (Emma), Harvey Dillman (Phyllis), and Russell Meisner (Christine).

James Whalley (Velma). This property was part of No. 22.

Site of Baptist Church, this building was moved to the land on property No. 23 and used for a garage.

Gladwin, John Bain (Minerva), John Killen (Minerva), William Leedham (Anna), and John Montgomery (Anna).

Site of the general store operated by Mr. Gladwin, Mr. John Bain, Mr. John Killen and Mr. Victor Dares.

Temperance Hall, this building was demolished and the Post Office was moved from property No. 79, but is now the Recreation Hall. Post Office was transferred to No. 70.

First Baptist Parsonage was moved from across the road. Ogilvie, Martin, Wilbert Bain (Ethel), and Edmund Abolit (Shirley).

Frederick Ogilvie (Margaret), Brady, Frank Angwin (Florence), Percy Ogilvie (Ethel), Charles Whalley (Gladys), Percy Shirley (Madlyn), and Harding McCulloch (Mabel).

Site of K. & I. Dance Hall.

Lawrence Abriel (Theresa).

William Bradley (Diane).

Site of a tannery owned by Wilson Ogilvie.

Chester Innis (Frances), Charles Whalley (Gladys), and Alden White (Margaret).

Hugh Dillman, Ogilvie, Milton Innis (Bessie), and Kelvin MacKenzie (Flora).

Judy Ross Oliver. This property and No. 75 were part of No. 76.

Morton Ogilvie, Lorne Bezanson (Marie).

John Whitenect (Donna).

George Ogilvie, (Susan), Ray Leslie (Nellie), Gerald Innis (Ella), and Bernadette Highfield. Nos. 71, 72, 73, 78 and 79 were all one.

Site Clifford Ogilvie, John Grant (Mabel).

Gerald MacEwan Sr. (Alice).

Site: Joseph Ogilvie, Rourke, Arthur Cruikshank (Charlotte), George Gilbert, Laurie Dickie (Ella), George Fisher (Lillian), and Orlando Fox. Buildings have been demolished.

Site: Ullman, Harris Dares (Mabel), Douglas Woodworth (Alma), and George Fisher (Lillian).

Oran Swinemar (Alma), John LeDue (Rita).

John Artz, Cruikshank, James Milne, Robert Ewing (Ann), George Ferguson (Ella), Edward Morash (Jennie) and Frederick Keddy (Jennie).

Claude Morash (Isabella). This property was part of No. 86.

Site of a tannery operated by John Artz was across the road opposite property No. 86.

Edward Cruikshank (Margaret), Norman Cruikshank, and Joseph Keddy (Freda).

Henry Cruikshank (Jane), Ralph Cruikshank (Esty), D.J. Stewart.

Site: Dr. Rupert Chute (Mina), Foster Cruikshank (Lillie), and John Redding (Janet).

Site: John Killen (Ann Jane), Arthur Killen (Eliza), and Newton Killen (Edith).

Site: Newton Killen (Edith), Harold Cruickshank (Claire).

Ella Innis.

Kenneth Streatch (Barbara).

James Streatch (Margaret). Properties 92, 93, and 94 were part of No. 91, but are owend and operated by James Streatch and sons.

Stephen Streatch (Marilyn).

Site: William Rhind (Amelia), James Streatch (Margaret). House has been destroyed by fire.

Site: George Leedham (Ethel), Walter Leedham. House has been destroyed by fire � property now owned by James Streatch and Sons.

Archibald MacLellan (Edith), George MacLellan (Molly), Thomas Brooks (Edith), Donald Kendall (Marilyn) and David Shields (Rose).

Mrs. Percy Streatch (Jessie), Kenneth Streatch (Barbara), Allan Streatch (Cathy) and George Jarvis (Benita).

Allan Streatch (Cathy).

Site of Peter Ogilvie�s first homestead.

William R. Ogilvie (Agnes), Otto Lane, Walter Weeks (Eva), Samuel Bezanson (Bessie), Mrs. Marriott, and Lee West (Kathryn).

McKilligan, Joseph Grant (Isabelle), Alfred Keddy (Sylvia), and Keddy Brothers.

Thomas Brooks (Edith), Reginald Jeffers

Skinner � Summer residence

Horne, Mrs. King (summer residence). Nos. 106, 107 and 108 belong to the property owned by Mr. Hogan who ran as saw mill, then sold to Cecil Jololla.

William Hutchinson (Joan).

MacKilligan, Winfred Cole, Henry Grant (Bessie), and Byron Grant.

Allan Sutherland (Cynthia).

Dana Keddy (Linda).

MacLean, Frank King, Milton Innis, and Gerald Innis.

Robert Ogilvie (Susan), George King, First house demolished. Present house owned by Leonard Wright (Donna).

Gary Keddy.

Unknown Ogilvie.

Unknown Ogilvie.

William Bruce, Sandy Reid.

Bruce and John Reid.

Bruce, Ericson.

Eric and Ruth Swinemar (summer cottage).

Higgins, Sandy Reid.

Freeman Berry.

SOME INTERESTING PRICES

OF YESTERYEAR

1920 ITEM Price

Men�s Coveralls (10 days free trial) $2.98 Elgin Pocket Watch 2.95 Ladies High Kid Boots 4.98 Sugar (per lb.) 4 � cents 1 bar Naptha Soap .07 Large Package Quaker Oats .14 1 lb. Baking Powder .55 Flour (per barrel 100 lbs.) 7.98 Sugar (100 lbs.) 4.50 Tire 2 tubes � from $685 to $14.90 according to size Men�s work boots 4.60 Smith Brothers Cough Drops .05

�I REMEMBER WHEN�

I was born in 1910 on a farm known as Burnside, in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. The property belonged to Mr. Duncan Waddell, and was situated where the gypsum boats are loaded today, near the McKay Bridge. At the time the farm was the only area called Burnside, but later on the whole district became known by this name. I was the third youngest son of a family of thirteen children; nine boys and four girls. My father was Manager of the Farm. My earliest memories were the death of my infant sister and my eldest sister�s wedding. What stands out most in my memory was the Halifax Explosion, which occurred at the Narrows near the McKay Bridge on the Halifax side. Three of us were in bed with dyptheria at the time. I was a boy of seven and just recovering from my bout with dyptheria when the explosion occurred�I remember jumping out of bed and running to the window. There was no longer any glass left and the floor was covered with plaster. The doors were jammed shut and I couldn�t get out until my father and brother came to my rescue. By that time there were crowds of people coming up the road, some dressed, some half dressed, in bare feet, and they were yelling �run for your life, run!� They were expecting another explosion, but thank God it didn�t happen. We were only about a quarter of a mile away. The windows, as I said, were all out, and the chimneys were both down, but the house was livable. There had been a large sign out in the field, made of sheets of some type of metal. These, we found, just fit over the windows, so my father and brothers hauled them to the house and nailed them in place. This made the inside very dark, so we had to keep the oil lamps burning. The explosion�s force did some very odd things. It carried one half of an anchor over our house, and it landed on the Flint property, beyond; not too far from Moosehead Breweries. It also picked up a cannon on wheels and dropped it on the shores of Albro Lake. The most amazing thing of all was when my chum, Arthur Wournell, who was nine years old, was picked up from where he was walking along the railroad by McElmonds Mill, just above the old Dartmouth Railroad Station House. He was carried over the buildings and landed on his feet in front of the rope works, now known as the Old Mill Tavern. He was shaken up but was able to walk home to Tufts Cove. The roof was lifted off of one barn and the end blown out of another. This second barn housed thirty head of cattle. One of these cows broke her rope and went to the woods, where she stayed for three days, before she decided to return home. The day following the explosion, there was a terrible snowstorm, which only added to our troubles. Many people who survived the explosion, were now frozen to death, but we were lucky; we all survived. I remember playing on the ice down by McElmonds Mill and watching skaters crossing the harbour and touching the opposite shore and then skating back. Our winters were much colder in those days! The following spring , in 1918, my father came to Little River, now Elderbank, and bought a farm from Harris Dare, known at that time as the Win Cole property. That fall we moved out of Dartmouth, driving our herd of thirty head of dairy cattle out the Old Guysborough Road and this is where I grew up. My father had a milk route in Dartmouth and I remember going with him on the milk wagon. Milk was carried in 2 � gallon cans and delivered to each customer with a quart dipper. We still shipped our milk to Dartmouth by rail after moving to Elderbank. We had to milk our cows by hand, cool the milk and have it landed at the station by horse and wagon by seven a.m., so there was no sleeping in for us. Any mornings it was 40 below zero. After this we went home and got ready for school. I can still recall the time that the school was closed for 3 days because of cold temperatures. In 1930 I married and bought the Dr. Chute place, where I still live. I have worked in many places at different jobs. For a few years I worked in Kirkland Lake in a gold mine, known as the Beaver, Kirkland Lake Gold, down 6,000 feet. It was so hot in the mine, we had to put adhesive tape from the bridge of our nose out beyond our eyes to keep the sweat out of our eyes. It was while I was in Kirkland Lake the Moose Rover Gold Mine disaster rook place, so I only have heard stories about that time in the valley history. When I look back and see all the progress in my time; such as electric lights, telephones, paved roads, television, aeroplanes, man going to the moon, etc. I wonder what the next generation will experience.

Just a few of the many memories of Mr. Arthur R. Keddy, known by all in Elderbank as �Art�. THE HALIFAX EXPLOSION

Its of a startling incident I pray to lend an ear, It brings sad memories You can�t but shed a tear, The morning was calm and still; As you all can well remember That sad and fearful accident

On the sixth of December.

It was on that fateful morning As I now will plainly state, The steamship Mont Blanc So quickly met her fate, She entered Halifax Harbour No danger did she fear Until the Belgian Relief Ship

From the Basin did appear.

The relief ship left the basin, On her voyage did she proceed; She was bound across to Belgium Where so many homeless, stood in need, She had food and clothes for sufferers Whom misery did face, To keep them from cold and hunger Which proved to be their case.

She crashed into the ammunition ship Most terrible to relate, A fire was quickly started That soon would seal their fate, Our Captain soon gave orders Our ships boats we manned; We quickly pulled away And on Dartmouth shore did land.

There were gatherings on the piers As the Mont Blanc went slowly by, All eyes seemed to watch her As the moments they did fly, They little thought her a ship of death As she went on her way; And without the slightest warning Such a havoc she would play.

There were tons of high explosives, All safely stored below; When there came a crash like thunder That caused many a tear to flow, The country round was shaken, The shock was felt for miles, And likewise too at Richmond, Where the debris laid in piles.

There were hundreds of poor souls Lay mangled and torn, Through this sad accident, Their friends were left to mourn The scene it was distressing, It would make your heart feel sore For some poor helpless victims,

That you would see no more.

Now Halifax lay in ruins, Her people mourn for their dead, Beneath those battered walls, Their innocent blood was shed, Some left their happy homes, And their loved one�s so dear They little dreamt of harm, Or thought danger was so near.

It was like a roaring monster, The concussion rent the air, As it swept along in its wild career Leaving many a mother in deep despair. To mourn the loss Of some dear friend, To whom her assistance She could not lend.

Now the world was soon awakened, By this heart rending tale. And relief was quickly sent From over hill and dale, We thank our noble friends, For such a helping hand, And may they all be welcome, When they visit our land.

Oh now this ship of mourning, No more she�ll plow the foam; She met a sad misfortune And the sea no more she�ll roam And likewise pilot Hayes, His duty is to an end He has taken his long sleep, In eternity to spend.

By CLYDE MORASH, who is totally blind.

THE RESCUE FROM MOOSE RIVER GOLD MINES

Way down in old Nova Scotia Moose River it seems is the name Three Canadians on an Easter Sunday To the tumbled down gold mine they came.

They descended the mine for inspection Never dreaming fate trailed them close by, With a crash that gave them no warning Entombed in that mine there to die.

Brave men from all over the country Volunteered to give up their lives They slaved with unceasing efforts It seemed that death they defied.

Long days and nights have they labored Turned back when great cave ins fell When far below patiently waiting Three men were in one living hell.

Many times turning back in the rescue They seemed always blocking their way With a prayer on their lips they worked onwards We must win, we must win, pray we may.

On Sunday they got the first message When the men prisoned far, far below Can you help us they heard the men calling Our sufferings does God only know.

Next message filled all hearts with sorrow They heard them say �One pal is gone� We are trying our best to hold on boys Do your best, don�t make it too long.

At last the great strain it was broken

A miner out of breath brought the news We have won the great fight he was calling At last we have dug our way through.

That great fight against the dark angel It is won fighting hard all the way Till tragedy came with the rescue From the tomb of those terrible days.

Now friends this story is ending With hardships of many a day But this rescue will go down in history Of the gold mine down Moose River way.

TIME TO VISIT

�TIME� in days gone by was something that didn�t seem to bother folks � there was always another day coming. It seems that Mr. Cook � up the front road had a woodlot on the Cook�s Brook Road. It was a winter chore to cut his firewood for the next winter. Cut it in the winter and hauled home on the snow by sled was easier than summer hauling and besides summer had other chores like fencing, cropping, gardening, haying and so on. On the way to the woods, Mr. Cook would pass by Mr. Cole�s place. Mr. Cole always seemed to be in the yard, whitting his axe or sawing up some of his wood, and they had a daily chat. They talked endlessly and by and by, Mr. Cook would continue on his way to cut some wood. In the afternoon, on his return, the conversation commenced again. These gents could talk for hours and it seemed they talked until each had to rush to get at the evening barn chores or they would be late for supper. Warren Cook and Maurice Cole were a-talking good pair who seemed to get their chores done, despite their daily visits on those cold winter days.

HORSERACING ON BROWN�S LAKE

The ice was thick and safe and the days were darn chilly. Somehow the lake got plowed off. A separate lane for each horse was plowed with ridges of snow between the lanes. The drivers and their high speed, high stepping steeds gathered for a day of friendly competition and fun. The story teller does not recall any lady folk present, so it must have been in the days before �Women�s Rights�. These races took place 60 odd years ago as the storyteller, now a pensioner, was only a lad at the time. He does, however, remember �Marshall M� � a driving horse owned by Hervey Grant and a pretty horse it was. As remembered, some of the other competitors were Carson Killen and his father Arthur, Henry Killen � the blacksmith, Arlie Grant and Roy Bambrick. John and Burt Fox, each with their trusty trotters were there too as was Allison Brown from the Station Road. No doubt there were others but our storyteller remembers these quite clearly. It was quite a day and an annual event that was anticipated as the days grew colder and the ice became safe.

�MEAGHER�S LOST CHILDREN�

Michael Meagher lived in Halifax and did not wish his family to be brought up in the city. He brought his wife, Annie Catherine Cameron and tow boys to Little River. He brought his family and possessions from Halifax to Musquodoboit Harbour by sloop, thence up the river to the farm, now owned by William Brown; where he built a log cabin. In this cabin he had a room in which to teach his children by a teacher engaged and paid for by himself. He made pens for them out of goose quills. Michael Meagher was grandfather of the lost children in the following poem:

Good people read these verses That I have written her: And when you have perused them. You can�t but shed a tear. In eighteen hundred and forty-two April the eleventh day, Two little girls from Preston Road Into the woods did stray.

Their father and their mother

Both sick in bed did lay; While those tow little children About the door did play. Hand in hand together

They saw them leave the door, The eldest was but six years old, And the youngest only four.

Jane Elizabeth and Margaret Meagher, Were their two pretty names; Two fairer creatures never did Dame nature ever fame. They walked abroad together, And cheerfully they did play; But mark what followed after

How soon they lost their way.

So in the lonely wilderness They spent a dismal day; When night came on they thought of home,

Their streaming eyes gave way, The frosty gale blew very hard! Not a star to yield them light. Beast of prey they feared all day And screeching owls at night.

They might have been discovered, But for that simple race, You Preston negroes wash your hands, And wipe off your disgrace, You cruel Brown that heard them cry, And would not let them in, May God reward or punish you According to your sins.

Now when the shocking news

Did reach that neighbouring town, Each manly heart with pity swelled And forced to grief agoned. Saying poor Meagher�s your babes are lost, And you are left forlorn; How true it is as Burns remarked, That man was made to mourn.

Very early the next morning; Went out one hundred men; And there they found poor Meagher and his wife Searching the lonely glen, First casting their eyes to Heaven And then upon the grove, Their moans, their sighs, their mournful cries, Distress as they did rove.

For the rest of the week they hunted But alas was all in vain, So in the lonely wilderness Those infants did remain. Thought oft� they stopped to listen, They ne�er could hear a sound, At twelve o�clock on Tuesday

A bloody rag was found.

Think gentle reader what a sight If we could them behold A-dying in the wilderness With hunger, fright and cold, Not a mother by to close an eye, Not a friend to shed a tear, The hardest heart would surely melt Their dying cries to hear.

On the fourteenth of April, Went our a gallant crew; To search the woods and dreary plains As hunters used to do. From Halifax and Dartmouth, Preston and Porter�s Lake, Twelve hundred men assembled A final search to make.

�Twas Peter Currie found them At twelve o�clock that day; On Mellen Collie mountains But lumps of breathless clay. Their hair was dragged out of their heads Their clothes in pieces torn, Their tender flesh from head to foot The prickling thorns hd gored.

The frosts had stole upon their hearts, Their blood began to chill, Their feeble nerves could not obey, With all their act and skill, Headlong they fell their souls to God Unwilling took their way. Had left their tender bodies On a dismal rock to lay.

No longer did they leave them

For birds and beasts to tear; On decent biers they laid them And grazed it with a tear. To their father�s house they carried them, Their mother to behold, She kissed them both a thousand times Though they were dead and cold.

And overcome with grief His neighbours tried to comfort him. But could yield him no relief, The cries of their poor mother Were dismal to be heard, To think that death had bereaved her Of those she loved so dear.

On the nineteenth day of April They in one coffin lay, Between Elm�s dale and Allan�s farm, Their little graves were made. Where thousands did assemble Their last farewell to take; Both rich and poor lamented sore, For those poor children�s sake.

The rain was fast a�falling, And dismal was the day, While gazing on Elizabeth

I think I hear her say: Farewell, my loving neighbours, Go home, dry up your tears Let us to lay in this cold clay �Till Christ himself appears.

Five pounds reward was offered To the man who did them find; But Currie, he refused it, As a Christian just and kind. May God forever bless him And grant him length of days, Our humble poet, D.G.B. Will ever sing his praise.

You gentle folks of Halifax That did turn out so kind; I hope in Heaven hereafter A full reward you�ll find. And not forgetting Dartmouth That turned out rich and poor, And likewise those of Preston Along the Eastern Shore.

No to conclude and make an end

Of this my mournful son; I beg you will excuse me For writing it so long. I hope another one like this I may never have to pen; This is the first, I hope the last, God grant it so Amen.

D.G. Blois

MY GET UP AND GO HAS GOT UP AND WENT

How do I know my youth is all spent? Well, my get up and go has got up and went, But in spite of it all I am able to grin, When I think where my get up has been.

Old age is golden, so I�ve heard said, But sometimes I wonder, so I get into bed; With my ears in a drawer, my teeth in a cup, My eyes on the table till I wake up.

Ere sleep dims my eyes, I say to myself, Is there anything else I should put on the shelf? And I�m happy to say, so I close the door, My friends are the same, only perhaps more.

When I was young, my slippers were red, I could kick my heels right up over my head, When I was older my slippers were blue, Still I could dance the whole night through.

Now I am old, my slippers are black, I walk to the store and puff my way back, The reason I know my youth is all spent � My get up and g o has got up and went.

But I really don�t mind, when I think with a grin, Of all the grand places my get up has been. Since I�ve retired from life�s competition, I busy myself with complete repetition.

I get up in the morning, dust off my wits, Pick up the paper and read the �obits�. If my name is missing, I know I�m not dead, So I eat a good breakfast and go back to bed. MEMORY HOLD THE DOOR

In the good old gays, far in the shade We used to go to the Ladies Aid. We�d hitch the old mare to the buggy or sleigh Pick up the reins and drive away.

Down to Mrs. McLellans on a fine summers day To Mrs. Killens or Mrs. Al�s we make our happy way Sometimes we met at Minerva�s or Viantha�s on the hi,, At the manse with the Minister�s lady or down the road with Lil.

At the clock on the wall in the kitchen, and if it was half past four She�d put the shining kettle on and close the dining room door, In time that seemed only minutes that door was opened and she

Would say �Come now ladies and have a cup of tea.�

Remember the look of that table I could not begin to relate The look and taste and the goodness Of the dainties heaped on the plate.

Mince pie, lemon pie, egg tarts, sultana cake and dark fruit cake These were the ladies fine arts. The omelets, the souffles, the scallops, salads, baked beans and cold meats � Whatever they served as delicious, the very choicest of treats.

Nobody had heard of a diet Our ignorance surely was bliss We ate what we liked and enjoyed it Not a biscuit or tart did we miss.

We like our present day meetings

The folks, the fun and the food But for laughs and friendships and outings Those old early days were sure good.

Lillias Fancy February 20, 1965

ELDERBANK

Poem by Alexander Lay, 1824-1893

Come near companions, both simple and witty, And listen to me whils�t I sing you a ditty, About the good people of Elderbank Lane, The first I will mention, is merchant MacBain.

In a two story house, with a neat little wife, He lives a most happy and peaceful life, And cheap for the money, will always supply, Such goods as his neighbours are willing to buy.

There�s tea, and tobacco, and matches and pipes, Gordon�s hot drops, for to warm up your tripes, And needles, and thimbles, and buttons and pins. And handsome white stockings, to cover your shins.

And then there is bobbin, and ribbons and tape, Cotton and coburgh, and lustre and crepe, Nets for the ladies to wear on their heads, And neat little mugs, for go under the beds.

Dishes of various colours and sizes, All sorts of spices, and all sorts of dyes, Shoes for the ladies to wear on their feet And hoops for to make the dear creatures look neat.

And there are buckets, and brooms and nice whips, Braces to keep your pants over your hips. Boots that will reach up no matter where, And combs and nice brushes to frisk up your hair.

But now I must bid a farewell to MacBain, And wish him success till I meet him again. And step for a moment just over the way, Where two jolly Blacksmiths are blowing away.

There�s Samuel and William, you always will find, Busy, yet ever obligingly kind. Ready to serve you, by night or by day, No odds for your colour, so long as you pay.

The swing of the hammer on anvil you hear, Like music it sounds on the still morning air. While late in the evening, the brilliant sparks fly, And glitter like diamonds, or stars in the sky.

And there you will find the gay blacksmiths all day, Forging and welding, and, sledging away, And all sorts of iron work they will make, And neatly repair anything that you break.

But now I must bid the two blacksmiths adieu, And bring my friend Wallace, out clear to your view. With saw and with hammer, with chisel and plane, He works late and early a living to gain.

He makes handsome sofas, and pillows so neat,

Wash stands and bureaus, and paints them complete. Will build you a dwelling, from bottom to top, And make it all ready, just in it to pop.

And then he will frame pretty pictures so cheap, Make cradles in which little babies may sleep, And then in this would you take more delight, He will make you a coffin and screw you up tight.

And now I must toddle along on my route, And see what McMullin, the wheelwrights about, Contented and happy he�s working away, And ready to sell you a pung or a sleigh.

And then he will make you nice wagons and carts, Rig you a harrow, in one or two parts, Make you a loom, with temples and reel, And for twenty shillings, a nice spinning wheel.

But now I must stop, or I fear you will think, I am crazy or very much given to drink, So fare ye all well, I have no more to say, But remain most sincerely, your friend Alex Lay.

CONVERSATION WITH A FLY IN MY APARTMENT August 30, 1981

Swat me not oh gentle lady, I�m just a harmless little fly. You surely do get lonesome, why not give me try? I�ll cheer you up as I buzz by. You did try to swat me, that you can�t deny, But I�m smarter that you are, even though I�m just a fly.

Dear little fly, you are so right. I did try to swat you with all my might. Your buzzing around did help me a lot, Still I kept trying to give you a swat. Now I miss you, where did you go? Some little hiding place above or below? I do feel better and say goodbye To my harmless and friendly little fly.

Little fly, you did come back. But not to get another whack. You say you didn�t come to stay, But to say goodbye and go away. �I tried my best as I buzzed close to you To let you know I�m lonesome, too.�

By Ellen McDowell Age: 95 years

P.S. Honest Injun! Hope to die! I�ll never kill Another fly.

WHICH ARE YOU?

Are you an active member, The kind that would be missed Or are you just contented, that

Your name is on the list? Do you attend the meeting, and

Mingle with the flock Or do you stay at home and

Criticize and knock? Do you take an active part to help The work along, Or are you just satisfied to be the

Kind that �just belong�? Do you ever go to visit a member Who is sick? Or leave the work to just a few And talk about the clique? There�s quite a programme

Scheduled that I�m sure You�ve heard about. And we�ll appreciate if you, too, Will come and help us out. So come to the meetings often and

Help with hand and heart, Don�t be just a member, but take An active part Think this over, member, you Know right from wrong, Are you an active member, or do you just belong?

NOTABLE PEOPLE

On July 14, 1914 two residents of Elderbank were ordained as Missionaries to Korea by the Principal of the Presbyterian College. Clarence MacKinnon was one of these residents while the other was Mr. Edward James Oxley Fraser, son of the Rev. and Mrs. D. Stiles Fraser (minister of our congregation). Miss Edna Cruikshank, daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Henry Cruikshank � teacher of several years, graduate of Presbyterian Missionary and Deaconess Training Home of Toronto, was designated by the Foreign Mission Board to go to Korea as a Missionary teacher of our church. A beloved teacher, Mrs. Lillias Fancy, daughter of Allan and Catherine Ogilvie, taught in our school for many years. She had a special way with the primary children. She was also an accomplished musician � she taught her students to sing many happy songs and the old classics which they all loved. For may years, Mrs. Fancy played the church organ and led our choir. After retirement, Mrs. Fancy spent many an hour tutoring and helping some scholar with a difficult problem or subject. At present, we have our Provincial Member of the Legislative Assembly living in our community and representing our area, the Honourable Kenneth Streatch and his family. Mr. Streatch is a community man, on our church board, in the Valley Lions Club and always ready to help at any occasion in the community.

MRS. HERVEY GRANT (VIANTHA) 1870-1964

Mrs. Grant, Aunt Viantha, to most of the young folk and older ones alike, was born in Elderbank, a daughter of William MacLean. She married Hervey Grant who was a woodsman. She was Elderbank Railroad Station Agent until the station was abandoned. Auntie Vi was an avid supporter of the church since she joined in 1893, and its many organizations. She belonged to Missionary Society, Ladies Aid and for many years, she taught Sunday School. Mrs. Grant was a very charitable person, both with her personal energy and finances, wherever she saw the need. When the minister was away or ill, Mrs. Grant could always be called upon ably conduct the Sunday Service.

NORMAN CRUIKSHANK

Norman Cruikshank, son of Mr. & Mrs. Edward Cruikshank, was born in Elderbank. As a young man, Mr. Cruikshank went to Western Canada and taught school. After a few years in the West, he returned home to farm on his father�s Elderbank farm. Norman devoted most of his adult years to the service of the Municipality of Halifax County as a Councillor and Deputy Warden. Councillor Cruikshank was unmarried and resided with his maiden sister, Florence Emma, in the family residence. For many years, Mr. Cruikshank was jokingly referred to by his fellow councillors at municipal gatherings as �Halifax County�s most eligible bachelor.� Councillor Cruikshank may have established something of a record in public servie. His 43 years continuous service represeting District No. 25, Elderbank, is believed to be one of the longest, if not the longest in Canadian Municipal Life. He was first elected to Council from his district in 1917. In all that time, there were 15 elections and Councillor Cruikshank had to contest at the polls only three times, in which he was victorious. He won by acclimation the rest of the way. Norman stayed at the same old hotel all the years he went to council. At one time, he stated that only the cook, the cat, and councillor were at the hotel. Besides being a councillor for the County of Halifax, Mr. Cruikshank was an elder of St. Andrews�s United Church, Elderbank; Clerk of the Session; as well as an avid supporter of all church projects. Mr. Norman Cruikshank died at age 70 in the Victoria General Hospital in Halifax. Until an illness, a year previous to his death, which confined him to hospital for a short period, Mr. Cruikshank had not known sickness personally. After his death, a public auction was held at his home whereby his belongings were sold to the highest bidder. The proceeds from this were donated entirely to the United Church of which he was a member.

SYLVIA KEDDY

Sylvia was the only child of Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Grant. She was born in Elderbank where she married Alfred Keddy and lived all her life. The mother of five children Sylvia could always find time to participate and help with any and all community projects. For a great many years Mrs. Keddy was organist and choir director of our church. Through hell and high water, Sunday after Sunday she walked to church. For years Sylvia played the piano for the school Christmas concerts, making several trips to the village for practice and rehearsals on those cold wintery days. The many plays and concerts that were put on in the old Temperance Hall either saw Sylvia as director or playing a star role. Her humor and quick wit made it a joy to watch her perform. It is for her undying devotion to the choir and Sunday Service that our fond memories linger of the life of the late Sylvia Keddy.

ANOTHER HISTORY OF ELDERBANK Done for the Musquodoboit Valley Bicentennial 1983

�Little River� is the original name to the area now known as Elderbank. It is situated about 35 miles from Truro, 50 miles from Halifax, and 20 miles from the mouth of the Musquodoboit River. The settlement was built around the junction of two rivers � the Musquodoboit and Little Rivers. It is these same rivers that had dominated life for the past two hundred years. The rivers provided canoe transportation for the earliest settlers, and log transportation for the woodsmen in the 1800�s and early 1900�s. The most fertile areas of agricultural production follow the rivers and, finally, it provides household water for many of the residents. The rivers have also caused hardship in Elderbank � flooding has ruined crops forcing near starvation of some of the earliest settlers and many have drowned either working or playing by the river. The first settlers were James Cruickshank and Captain Peter Ogilvie. In 1793 they left Halifax and came by sloop to Musquodoboit Harbour. They proceeded up the river in a hollowed tree trunk which served as a canoe, and stopped near the junction of two rivers. The few supplies they carried were an axe, musket and some grain seeds. They built a cabin and began to clear land. Soon they were followed by the Bruce�s, who settled on the opposite side of Little River. This area is known as �Bruce Settlement� (Higgins Lake area) and is now deserted. Other families followed as the years progressed � the Taylor�s, Reid�s, Grant�s, Cole�s, Killen�s, Wallace�s and Brown�s. Many of their descendants still live in Elderbank. There were no roads and most of the supplies were brought in by canoe, or carried on the settler�s backs as they walked through paths which joined village to village. Some of these paths went to Pictou, Truro and Halifax. Gradually roads were built, mostly by volunteer labour and later these roads were expanded and maintained by statutory labour. Each family contributed labour and/or a team based on their taxes. Because of the distances many support industries developed in Little River. Tanneries were one of the first trades to set up. There was a need for leather to make shoes and harness. One of the first tanneries was set up by John Artz near the present Fred Keddy house; Mr. Artz was also a cobbler. Another tannery was operated by Fred Ogilvie (now Harding McCulloch�s property). Robert Brown was a travelling cobbler. Billy McDougall set up a cobbler shop near the present church on land now owned by Charles Killen. A harness shop owned by Herbert Ogilvie and Henry Gladwin was situated across from Fred Ogilvie�s tannery. Farmers took grain to the grist mill operated by Jack Higgins. This mill was water-powered and situated on Higgins Lake, and here the grain was ground into flour for human consumption. Tom McMullin was the wheelwright. He was located approximately across from the present church. The first Post Office was also located there. Lumbering became an important industry and small mills were set up around a stream that would provide power. Steam also provided power for many of the small portable mills. Water mills were located at Higgins Lake, Cooks Lake and Browns Lake. There were many steam mills set up for a winter or two in the woods around Elderbank. To the very first settlers, the trees were a nuisance; the settlers wanted farmland and the logs were worth little or nothing. Often the bark was peeled and sold to the tanneries to be used in the leather process and the logs were burned if they were not needed for construction. Gradually larger mills down river were built. Often the men and older boys would go into the woods for the winter, sometimes coming out for Christmas, sometimes not, and cut logs. These logs were browed by the river and in the spring they would be floated to the mill. These log drives carried on from the 1800�s to the early 1940�s. The very last drives were pulpwood being driven to the Harbour. Some lives have been lost on these drives and many men received a good soaking. In the early 1900�s Ernie and George Sibley from Meagher�s Grant were renowned log drivers. The logs were often boomed behind the old store and often stretched up to A.J. Keddy�s home (Billy Brown, 1982) The remains of many lumber camps can still be found in the woods around Elderbank. Some men went to cut and limb and others took a horse or team to yard logs. Each camp had a cook and usually a filer for the crosscut saws and axes. With the development of better roads and vehicles, the logging camp life has disappeared; however, the industry remains. Many families earn all or part of their living today in the woods, cutting logs, pulp and Christmas trees as well as silviculture work to maintain the forest�s productivity and provide forest products for the future. As in the case of most small and isolated communities, much of the work was done together, such as building and crop harvesting. Before logs became saleable items rolling frolics were held. Men and women went from farm to farm to roll the logs and burn them while the women prepared meals. As many as twenty rolling frolics could be held in the spring. Of course, the other great resource besides the forest was the land. Cropping was carried out as soon as land was cleared enough to plant seeds. Some of the lands along the river were natural meadows and provided some pasture and hay for the horses. The early farms produced barely enough for the settlers that worked them, providing some grain for flour and vegetables. The first animals were horses, oxen, sheep and the occasional milk cow. As acreages grew, butter and eggs became important products, as well as grain and vegetables. These were often sold or traded to buy tea, sugar, or tools and machinery. Sheep provided wool to be spun and made into cloth or knitted into mittens and socks. The butter was produced at home by setting the milk in large pans and skimming off the cream. This cream was churned, often in dash churns, but at least one farmer (John Ogilvie 1st) had a dog powered churn. In 1893 a creamery was built in Middle Musquodoboit and the cream was sold to this creamery. One of the products in the 1930�s and 40�s was �Elderbank� brand butter. In the late 1800�s and early 1900�s new technology entered the farming community � thrashing machines enabled the farmers to thrash much more grain in a day. The thrasher was powered by a horse treadle. The hay press was also a machine of note, for it allowed farmers with extra hay to bale this into large bales. These bales, weighing about 150 lbs. were often hauled to Halifax to be sold for horse hay. The press was powered by a team walking in a circle to give a mill effect. As the roads improved, Halifax became an important market area. Produce, butter, eggs, meat and hay were important products. These would be hauled to Halifax by the Old Guysborough Road. The trip lasted at least two days and sometimes three. There was a rooming house on the Guysborough Road run by a MacDonald family where travelers often stayed the night. About 1810-1820 Michael Meagher moved with his family from Halifax to the farm now owned by Billy Brown. He built a log cabin with a special room for his children�s education. He engaged and paid for a teacher for his children by himself; this was probably the first formal education in Little River. The first formal schooling was conducted in houses owned by the pupil�s parents about 1845. Later a one room log schoolhouse was built in 1876 and often had 100 pupils. In 1901 it was remodelled and divided into two rooms. This served the community for 57 years. A new grade school was built in 1958 and is still in use for elementary grades. All three schools were built on the same site. The old school was sold to Ross Killen and moved down the hill where he still lives in it. Thomas Wilks was one of the first teacher to travel from house to house in 1875. There is one Church in present day Elderbank, but there have been as many as five denominations in Little River. The earliest record of Church activity was 1856 when the Presbytery of Halifax sent out in succession Rev. Boyd, Rev. Jardine and Rev. Harper. Their goal was to unify the different factions of Presbyterians in order to procure the services of a missionary. They were not entirely successful. The Rev. James Wilson was the first missionary sent out by the Church of Scotland. The first communion was held in Little River School in September 1857 with 30 to 40 communicants. The first meeting held to consider the erection of a church took place on July 27, 1858. Alexander Taylor, James Cruickshank, William Taylor, Peter Cruickshank, James McCurdy, Duncan MacDonald, James Taylor, Hugh Hurley and John Cruickshank were given the power to procure a site, a contract for the building and finish it as soon as possible. They purchased an acre of land from William Taylor in the farm known as Elder Bank. George Sutherland was given the contract and the frame was erected on July 6, 1859. At a meeting on September 26, 1859 it was resolved to give the congregation the name �St. Andrew Church, Elder Bank, Musquodoboit�. The Rev. Wilson returned to Scotland in 1859. The Church was incorporated under the Act of Incorporation in 1860 and was to be �inalienably connected with the Established Church of Scotland�. Names like Taylor, Bruce and Cruickshank are prominent among the first trustees, elders and stewards. The Church opened for worship on May 27, 1860. Permission was granted to the Anti-Burgher Presbyterians to use the building when not otherwise in use by the congregation. These Presbyterians were not connected with the established Church of Scotland, but belonged to the Anti-Burgher Synod. Very little is known about the group as few records survive; names such as Ogilvie and Cole were known to belong to this group. Then in 1875 came the great union of all the branches of Presbyterianism into the Presbyterian Church of Canada. The first to minister to all was Rev. Duncan MacKinnon, inducted April 30, 1884. About 1904 a new (the present) manse was constructed. All of the ministers of this early period must receive praise, however, the Rev. D. Stiles Fraser must be mentioned for his work to beautify the Church and its grounds. The stained glass windows, cement entry posts and horse sheds are gone but the beautiful maples which he planted still remain around the church grounds. The Rev. G.W. Miller was inducted in October 1923, and without division St. Andrews, Elder Bank entered the United Church of Canada. Elder Bank became one word in 1911 as the village changed its name from Little River to Elderbank. So the farm name of William Taylor became the Church name and finally the name of the community. On August 8, 1948 St. Andrews United Church was destroyed by fire when struck by lightening. Plans for financing and constructing a new Church were made on August 28 and work began almost immediately. In the interim the congregation worshipped in the Temperence Hall. Rev. Boyd Bishop worked on many committees and finally led in three services of praise to mark the opening of a new Church on November 13, 1949. The total cost of the Church and furnishings was $20,000. The debt on the building at dedication was $3,600. In November 0f 1953 the mortgage was burned and the Church was free of debt. The Church has enlarged and improved the cemetery grounds many times. The cemetery contains the graves of many of the early settlers and the small headstones stand as a reminder of the many children of the early settlers that died in those early and harsh years. Besides the Presbyterians, there were also other denominations in the community. A Baptist Church was built in Little River about 1898 on land donated by Joe Wallace, beside the present home of Anna Leedham Montgomery. It served as a place of worship for about twenty years, then as the Baptist population had dwindled, it was sold in 1911 and moved to where the old garage sits. The Baptist Church forms part of this garage. The first minister was Rev. Crandall. The parsonage is now the Abolit House. Little River was also a preaching point for the Methodists. In the mid and late 1800�s Methodist preachers from Middle Musquodoboit and Meagher�s Grant led the services. The Rev. L. Gaetz, followed by Rev. J.J. Teasdale and again the Rev. L. Gaetz (married this time) had led the Methodist Church in the whole Musquodoboit Valley, Shubenacadie and Oldham in the 1860�s. On July 24, 1915 the Elderbank Women�s Institute was organized. Activities were centered mostly on Red Cross and the war effort. At the close of the war, efforts were transferred to the Church. In June 1921 this group was disbanded and Ladies Aid Society formed. The Ladies Aid Society worked for the betterment of the Church, particularly the beautification of the Church interior. The Ladies Aid eventually became the St. Andrews United Church Women, which continues to work for the Church raising money for projects. It should be mentioned that in the early years of Little River and later Elderbank, the Churches were the focal point of the community. If there were to be three services on Sunday, some families would attend them all. The Church provided social as well as religious refreshments. Young peoples groups were centered around the Church. This trend has continued as the Church still has C.G.I.T., Tyros, etc. The Boy Scouts and 4-H use the facilities of St. Andrews Church Hall. The community hall in Elderbank was torn down in the late 1960�s. This hall was originally the Sons of Temperance Hall. The Temperance movement gained momentum about the turn of the century. At first it was a Men�s group but shortly both sexes joined. Before a hall was built, they met in a room over the store owned by Norman Cole. Money was subscribed and a hall was built where the small recreation building now stands. Advance Division, No. 798, was instituted at Little River on November 16, 1895. The movement grew and then finally waned in the late 1920�s or early 1930�s. The old records contain some interesting incidents. Some members would be barred for one month and then sponsored, and again and again they would take the pledge, and again and again they would be barred for drinking. The meetings were often entertained by songs, readings or skits. Another organization that has deep roots in Elderbank is the 4-h club. Originally started as the Boys and Girls Club, the clubs did much to develop the quality of livestock and improve production practices in the area, as well as develop leadership and responsibility in the members. The first Club was the Musquodoboit Swine Club, started in Middle Musquodoboit in 1926. Some boys from Elderbank attended this club. A couple of years later the Elderbank Calf Club was organized by D.R. Kelly and Charles Archibald of the Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture. A Guernsey Calf Club was organized � the first President was Jack Fox. Some of the first members were Irvine Conrod, Frank Cole, Harold Cruickshank, Chester Innis, Jack Fox, George Leedham and Art Ogilive. A field day was held behind the Church each spring in May with the boys showing their Guernsey calves. A Girls� Sewing Club was organized in the Elderbank School and continued until 1950 when the high school opened. One of the early achievements of the Calf Club was to be granted a petition to have Elderbank declared a �purebred area�. This was granted on July 9, 1931 and was the first of many areas in Nova Scotia. No grace of scrub bulls would be allowed into the area for breeding purposes. The Club grew and then died out during the war years. The Riverside 4-H Club was organized in the early 1950�2 by Peter Stewart, the Agricultural representative in Middle Musquodoboit, under the leadership of Murray Killen. This Club was originally a Calf Club (Ayreshires) and grew to include many projects such as garden, forestry, rabbit, clothing, food and crafts. The Club is still going and the Calf Club is still an important part of the Club although most of the calves are Holstein. The early Calf Club Field Days blossomed into a full-fledged community field day. There were as many as 20 bulls with herds shown as well as the calves and heifers from the Club members. In the 1930�s most of the bulls were Guernsey, but there were also Holsteins, Ayreshires and Jerseys. It was one agricultural highlight along with the annual Exhibition held in Middle Musquodoboit in the fall. In the early 1900�s. Little River boasted many stores. One store which stood beside the Leedham property was owned in succession by Mr. Gladwin, W. Bain, John Killen and then Victor Dares. Another store was located in the village centre at the bottom of the Elderbank Back Road was built and owned by Mr. Burris, followed by Norm Cole, Merlin Myers, and Victor Dares. After Mr. Dares� death, it was operated by his widow and then a succession of owners until it finally closed in 1977. At least once a horse and pun went through this store�s door and front windows coming off the slippery hill from the station. Other stores were operated on the Elderbank Back Road by Gordie Conrad and Cassy McMullin. A garage beside the store was operated by the store owners. The garage had fuel pumps, did repairs and operated a successful car dealership (Bob Dares). Claude Morash also operated a garage and pumps. In the 1930�s to 1950�s, N.A. Dares ran a bus line from Elderbank. It travelled to Halifax and another bus travelled a Truro-Stewiacke route. These buses ran every second day and were especially full on Friday and Saturday nights. In 1912 the railway was built through Musquodoboit to Dartmouth. It left Elderbank about 6:30-7:00 a.m. and provided freight and passenger services. One of the first regular shipments by train was milk. The first milk shipped from Elderbank was in 1917 from the farms of Harvey Cole, A.J. Keddy and Johnny Ogilvie. Milk was hauled to the station where the cans were shipped and the empty cans picked up. This milk was shipped to Morash�s Dairy. As more farmers began shipping milk, trucks picked up the milk at the stands at the end of each farm lane. Henry McCurdy operated the first truck pickups and his driver was Edgar Annand. The first milk trucks had hand winch operated plows which they certainly had to use sometimes in the winter. Today the milj is picked up by large tanker trucks at the farm and shipped to Twin City Dairy in Bedford. Many farmers kept milk production records on their cows. In the 1930�s about once a month Mr. Milligan of the Department of Agriculture set up his lab at the Post Office at Angevines (McCulloch). He tested each cow�s milk for butterfat. The farmers could then select or cull cows that were poor testers and not making them much money. The Blacksmith was also an integral part of the farmer�s operations. He provided iron work for sleds, wagons, hinges, etc. as well as shoeing horses and oxen. Allison Brown had a shop across the road from Allison Killen�s house. Henry Killen ran the last Smithy in Elderbank on the back road; he closed the shop in the 1960�s. The Hillside Hotel was operated for many years as a hotel, dining room and livery. This became the main garage for the busline operated by N.A. Dares. Mr. Dares was the last innkeeper. Tim MacDonald now lives in the Hillside Hotel. One of the industries, certainly one of the most famous, was the dance hall. It was built in 1947 and owned and operated for many years by Art Keddy and Gerald Innis; its fame spread far and wide. Dances were always held on Saturday night and sometimes Friday night as well. People came from as far away as Truro, Noel, and Stewiacke to go to the dances. Regular visitors often included the R.C.M.P. Gerald Innis operated the hall up until 1976, then it was sold and torn down. Many memories, some happy, some melancholy, are still evoked at the mention of the legendary dances in Elderbank. Many romances were made and broken along with some noses. Elderbank has only had a couple of resident doctors. Dr. Rupert Chute, sone of the Rev. Obed Chute of Stewiacke, took up practice in Elderbank in 1896 and remained until his death in 1936. He lived in the house now owned by Art Keddy. Dr. Carter Siegel built a house and lived in Elderbank in the early 1970�s. Industry in Elderbank still centers around the natural resources, land and forests. There had been a couple of attempts at mining, the last in the late 1960�s when a silica pit was opened and operated for a few years on the farm once owned by Newton Killen. The farms have decreased in number, with milk still being the main product. Beef cattle are also an important commodity. Agriculture still generates a lot of income providing summer work for many students in the hay and sod fields, as well as generating income in the service industries. Forestry still remains a major employer with logs and pulpwood being the major products. Wood also heats a lot of houses in the community. Many of the descendants of the original settlers still live in Elderbank; however, they work in Truro or Halifax, commuting every day. New families have moved in and added to the life of the community. A Recreation Club was formed and a ball field, skating rink and small clubhouse have been built. One of the driving forces behind the organization of the ball teams was Tim MacDonald. These ball teams became the basis for the recreation hall. There have been many tragedies in Elderbank The cemetery contains many graves of the children who died from disease in the early years. In 1923, while duck hunting on the river, a shooting incident took the life of Wilbert Bain and in 1934 his youngest son Walter died in the same place when he fell while playing in a boat and ruptured himself. Fires � both house and barn � have caused much grief and loss in the community. In May of 1958 two Bezanson children lost their lives in a barn fire. A new barn was built by neighbours but before it could be completed a big wind blew it down. The same barn owned by Carl Blades caught fire again in 1980. Fires also destroyed a large hog and hen complex owned by James and Ken Streatch in February 1974. The village has owned a pump to combat fires and in 1978 Elderbank organized a volunteer Fire Department and joined with Meagher�s Grant to help provide services. Many of the old landmarks � railway station, Temperance Hall, K & I Hall, some of the stores � have fallen into disuse of gone, victims of modern age. However, the village continues to grow slowly as sons and daughters move home or decide to stay here and some new families move in; it�s a rural community close enough to commute to major centres.

Some poetry about the village of Elderbank

ELDERBANK by Alexander Lay

Come near my companions both simple and witty And listen to me whilst I sing you a ditty. About the good people of Elderbank Lane The first I will mention in merchant McBain.

In a two story house with a neat little wife He lives a most happy and peaceable life. And cheap for the money will always supply Such goods as his neighbours are willing to buy.

There�s tea and tobacco and matches and pipes �Gordon�s Hot Drops� for to warm up your tripes. And needles and thimbles and buttons and pins And handsome white stockings to cover your shins.

And then there is bobbins and ribbons and tape Cotton and coburgh and lustre and crepe. Nets for the ladies to wear on their heads And neat little mugs to go under the bed. Dishes of various color and size And all sorts of spices and all sorts of dyes. Shoes for the ladies to wear on their feet And hoops for to make the dear creatures look neat.

And then there are buckets and brooms and nice whips And braces to keep your pants up over your hips. But now I must bid farewell to McBain And wish him success till I see him again.

And step for a moment just over the way Where the two jolly blacksmiths are blowing away. There, Samuel and William you always will find Busy, yet ever obliging and kind.

Ready to serve you by night or by day No odds for your color so long as you pay. The swing of the hammer and anvil you hear Like music it sounds on the still morning air.

Whilst late in the evening the brilliant sparks fly And glitter like diamonds or stars in the sky. And there you will find the gay blacksmiths all day Forgin� and welding and sledging away.

All sorts of iron work they will make And neatly repair anything that you break. But now I must bid the blacksmiths adieu And bring my friend Wallace out clear to your view.

With saw and hammer and with chisel and plane He works late and early, a living to gain. He makes handsome sofas and tables so neat Washstands and bureaus and paints them complete.

Will build you a dwelling from bottom to top And make it all ready just in it to pop. And then he will frame pretty pictures so cheap Make cradles in which little babies may sleep.

And when in the world you take no more delight He will make you a coffin and screw you up tight. And now I must toddle along in my route

And see what McMullin, the wheelwright�s about.

Contented and happy, he�s working away And ready to sell you a pung or a sleigh. And then he will make you nice wagons or carts Rig you a harrow in one or two parts.

Make you a loom with the temples and reel And for twenty shillings a nice spinning wheel. But now I must stop, or I fear you will think I am crazy or very much given to drink So fare you all well, for I have no more to say But remain, most sincerely, your friend Alex Lay.

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