Anglo Saxon Period:



QUESTIONS AND ANSWER KEY

Anglo Saxon Period:

1. Date of the Anglo Saxon period:

2. The settlers in what is now called Britain:

3. When the Romans left, what did they leave behind?

4. What did the Romans NOT leave behind?

5. The religion of the Anglo Saxons:

6. Another name for an Anglo Saxon hero:

7. Characteristics of an epic poem:

8. Characteristics of an epic hero:

9. Literary terms: Kenning, Caesura, Assonance

10. Works: Beowulf-

Why doesn’t Grendel ever touch Hrothgar’s throne?

What is the throne a symbol of?

What is the mood in Herot at the beginning of the poem?

Explain Grendel’s heritage?

ANSWER KEY for the Anglo Saxon Period:

1. 449-1066

2. Angles, Saxons, Jutes

3. Towns established, roads and bridges built

4. Way to defend themselves

5. Pagans converted to Christianity (but some evidences of paganism still in culture – e.g. stone gods)

6. Epic Hero

7. a long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds

8. an important figure from history or legend who usually portrayed superhuman strength or skills and who embodied the values of the culture

9. Kenning- Compound word used to describe something (e.g. “Water Witch” for Grendel’s Mother); Caesura- pause in a line of poetry (at points of punctuation). Assonance- the repetition of similar vowels in the stressed syllables of successive words

10. - Grendel believes the throne of Hrothgar is sacred.

- The throne symbolizes God’s protection.

- The mood in Herot at the beginning of the poem is boisterous, joyful, and full of celebration (They are singing about God and His creation of the earth).

- Grendel spawned in slime and was a descendent of Cain. (The son of Adam and Eve who killed his brother Abel because he was jealous of him and was then marked and banished by God).

 

Middle Ages Period:

1. Date of the Middle Ages:

2. What happened that marks the beginning of the Middle Ages?

3. What is chivalry?

4. What was the language of the middle ages?

5. Literary terms: Alliteration, point of view, foreshadowing, flashback, personification.

6. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight What is the Green Knight’s challenge?

What is the time of year (setting)?

Who accepts the Green Knight’s challenge?

What is the theme?

Morte d’Arthur

Explain the significance of King Arthur’s dream.

Explain the battle between Arthur and Mordred

The Canterbury Tales

What were the Canterbury pilgrims traveling to?

Pardoner’s Tale- What does the pardoner preach about?

Review The Pardoner’s Tale

ANSWER KEY for the Middle Ages Period:

1.1066-1405

2. William the Conqueror from Normandy defeated Harold at the battle of Hastings on Christmas day. He brought French culture, customs, and languages to England. He then set up the feudal system.

3. Expression of feudal ideals of honor.

4. Middle English

5. Foreshadowing - Predicting what will happen in the future. Flashback - An image that recalls to past memory. Personification- Imitation of humans by animals or inanimate objects.

6. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight-The green knight's challenge was for someone to come and to strike him once. Then in a year and a day, that opponent would have to allow the green knight to have one strike at him. - Winter (New Year’s Eve). – First, King Arthur steps forward since none of the knights of the Round Table were willing to accept the challenge. Then Sir Gawain took King Arthur’s place. - Don't be a hypocrite. Be a person of character and integrity even if you don’t know who is watching…no matter what the temptation…even if your life is at stake.

Morte d'Arthur. - The dream foreshadowed King Arthur's death and warned him not to fight Mordred that day, or he would die. - Arthur believes this is his best chance to stop Mordred and to kill him since Mordred is the only man alive on his side. King Arthur basically impales Mordred on his sword, and Mordred walks to the hilt of the sword in order to deal a death blow to his father as well, piercing King Arthur’s helmet and his brain.

The Canterbury Tales – Canterbury - - they were going on a sacred journey (a pilgrimage). - That the love of money is the root of all evil. Interestingly, he is the most greedy of all, selling false relics to people and preaching to them and taking gifts from them to supposedly “pardon” their sins. He admitted that he couldn’t care where these people spent eternity…saying that they could go “blackberrying for all he cared.”

“The Pardoner’s Tale” – This tale was about three greedy young rioters whose friend had died from the Black Death. They decided in their drunken state to go out and find “Death.” They saw an old man who was in all black and who pointed the way to find “Death” under a tree. When they arrived, they found a bag of gold and decided to split it three ways but needed to wait for the cover of darkness. One guy took off to town to buy them some bread and wine to have while they waited. While he was gone, the other two decided to kill him when he returned so that they could split the money only two ways. Meanwhile, the youngest guy who went to town decided to poison the other two so that he could have all of the money to himself. When he returned with two bottles of poisonous wine and one regular, the other two murdered him. Then they decided to celebrate by drinking the wine. They drank the poison and died also. Ironically, they found what they were searching for… “Death” - - or, rather, it found them.

Renaissance:

1. Dates of the Renaissance

2. What is another name for the Renaissance time period?

3. Define the word “renaissance.”

4. Define Humanism

5. How did Martin Luther contribute to the beginning of the Reformation?

6. In the beginning of Protestantism, why were many dissatisfied with the church?

7. Why is Henry VIII considered to have been a Renaissance man?

8. Was the Renaissance Theater able to portray realistic scenes?

9. When were plays performed? Why?

10. Literary terms: Turn, quatrain, couplet, mood

11. Sonnets: Spenser “Sonnet 26”

Shakespeare Sonnets 29, 73, 116, 130

ANSWER KEY for the Renaissance:

1. 1485-1625

2. Rebirth, Revival, etc.

3. the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world; a cultural rebirth from the 14th through the middle of the 17th centuries

4. living life to the fullest for the here and now but also preparing for eternal life.

5. Translated the Bible to German and nailed the 95 Theses to the church door, trying to stop the Catholic church from its corruption where it sold people “indulgences” to supposedly get their loved ones out of purgatory. He translated the Bible into the common vernacular of the German people because he wanted them to be able to read the Bible and interpret it for themselves. The church tried to hunt him down and kill him for these things.

6. Luther revealed the truth about the bad things in the Catholic church that were concealed. He also wanted the common person to be able to interpret the Bible for themselves.

7. Married 6 wives, broke the church relation.

8. With a little accuracy. They had some theatrical means, but nothing like we have available in our current time.

9. Most likely during the day because they would not have had electricity to be able to see at night and mostly for Kings and aristocrats and even the common person, though they had to sit in a different section.

10. Turn-The turning point of the poem where the poet reveals the main point. Quatrain- A stanza consisting of 4 lines. Couplet - Stanza consisting of 2 lines. (Shakespeare wrote his sonnets mostly in the format of three quatrains and ended with a couplet – total of 14 lines) - Mood is the way the reader of the poem or prose feels about the subject versus “Tone,” which is the attitude of the author toward his/her subject

11. Read these sonnets to understand what the poets are trying to convey - - we read these in groups and then taught them to the class via picture, rhyme scheme and meter, paraphrasing, etc.

12. The Tragedy of Macbeth:

a. What type of play is Macbeth?

b. What does the play begin & end with?

c. What is Macbeth’s tragic flaw?

d. What is the purpose of the opening scene?

e. How is Lady Macbeth’s death foreshadowed?

f. Explain the dagger soliloquy in Act II.

g. Who provides comic relief?

h. Give an example of nature reflecting the evil that is being done:

i. Explain the following quotes:

“Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown, and put a barren scepter in my grip..”

“Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour…”

j. Literary Terms: k. Plot Terms:

i. Antithesis i. Exposition

ii. Alliteration ii Rising Action

iii. Aside iii. Climax

iv. Soliloquy iv. Falling Action v.Resolution

ANSWER KEY for the Tragedy of Macbeth:

a. Tragedy

b. Wars (battle scenes - - one where Macbeth is a noble war hero and one where he has turned into a tyrant and killer/murderer)

c. Arrogance, greed - - wrongful ambition and desire for power to the point of being willing to commit crimes and evil

d. To foreshadow the evil deeds that will be committed by Macbeth. (The witches are planning to meet with Macbeth)

e. She constantly tries to wash her hands off, she cannot sleep at night. Also, the doctor tells the nursemaid to keep anything away from her that could cause her harm)

f. Macbeth hallucinates a dagger that floats at his eye level. He is scared to commit the deed but wants the position and power and has been convinced by his wife to follow through with it.

g. The porter – acting/speaking as the gatekeeper of hell who is admitting people into hell one right after another, people who have committed all kinds of evil and crime.

h. The disasters after the death of King Duncan - - the horses eating each other, the chimneys falling down, the voices of death in the night, etc.

j. Antithesis- a counter-proposition that denotes a direct contrast to the original proposition

Alliteration- use of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable in a line of verse

Aside-dramatic device in which a character speaks to the audience

Soliloquy- Speech in which the character is alone on the stage

Exposition - The introduction of characters and the setting.

Rising Action - The conflicts that the characters start facing.

Climax - The turning point of the story.

Falling Action - The point of the story where things start to mend up.

Resolution - The solution or the ending of the story.

The 17th & 18th Century

1. All of the different names for this time period:

2. What is deism?

3. Describe Modern English Prose.

4. The new actors on the stage?

5. Rise of what genre?

6. What is the purpose of satire?

7. Works: A Modest Proposal

ANSWER KEY for the The 17th & 18th Century

1. Turbulent age, Industrial Age, Enlightenment, Agricultural Revolution.

2 Belief that God created the universe, but he then has nothing to do with it or the humans He created.

3. Modern language, diction.

4. Females began acting - - (prior to this time, only men could act - - they would have to play women’s parts)

5. Satire, Parody, Sarcasm.

6. To show the folly of something through sarcastic language, using the ridiculous to communicate a point or to expose the foolishness of someone or a situation.

7. See for more reading on “A Modest Proposal.”

 

Grammar: (See the Grammar Review Sheet from Friday)

run-ons, fragments, pronoun case, subject-verb agreement, verb tense and parallel structure.

Run-ons: This error occurs when independent clauses are joined incorrectly.

*Independent clauses must be joined with a comma + coordinating conjunction (, and) or a semicolon (;).

Fragments: This error occurs when a sentence does not have a subject, does not have a verb, or does not express a complete thought.

Pronoun Case: “I” is used as the 1st person pronoun in the subject of a sentence; “me” is used as the object of the sentence.

Agreement: Subject-verb – subject must agree with its verb number

Ex: William spends his money wisely. (correct) William spend his money wisely(incorrect)

Verb Tense: Tense is the form a verb takes to show time. the six tenses are present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect and future perfect.

Ex: After the sun set behind the mountain, a cool breeze sprang up. (incorrect)

Ex: After the sun had set behind the mountains a cool breeze sprang up. (correct)

Parallel Structure: When 2 or more items are listed, they must be grammatically equal, so if the 1st item is a noun, the rest should be too.

Ex: Jenny is athletic, smart and has a great sense of humor. (incorrect)

Ex: Jenny is athletic, smart and funny (correct)

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