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Directions: Review the content below and answer the questions that follow

Periodic Table

 

[pic]

1. Which statement BEST explains the elements found in group 17 of the periodic table?

1. Elements of a metallic nature are in this group.

1. Elements with the same valence are in this group.

1. Elements with the same atomic number are in this group.

1. Elements with the same atomic mass number are in this group.

 

2. The atomic structure of an element is illustrated below.

 

  [pic]

 

 Which element has this atomic structure? Constructed Response:

 

3. Which option below represents the atomic structure of calcium with an atomic mass number of 40? Why?

Constructed Response

A[pic]B[pic]C[pic]D[pic]

 

4. An element has 17 electrons, 17 protons, and 18 neutrons. What is the name of this element?

Constructed Response:

 

5. Binary ionic compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between a nonmetal and a metal. What is the formula for the ionic compound formed when a Fe3+ ion reacts with a Br– ion?

Constructed Response:

 

6. Mr. Hawkins asks his class to write the chemical formula of the binary ionic compound iron (III) oxide. What is the formula that represents this compound?

Constructed Response:

 

7. Due to its location on the periodic table, the element Manganese (Mn) is a

1. metal.

1. non metal.

1. metalloid.

1. noble gas.

 

8. Which of these chemical equations is balanced correctly?

1. [pic]

1. [pic] [pic]

1. [pic]

1. [pic]

 

9. What happens if the number of protons and neutrons is changed in an atom?

1. Changing the number of protons changes the isotope, and changing the number of neutrons changes the mass.

1. Changing the number of protons changes the mass, and changing the number of neutrons changes the charge.

1. Changing the number of protons changes the element, and changing the number of neutrons changes the isotope.

1. Changing the number of protons changes the charge, and changing the number of neutrons changes the element.

 

10. [pic]  

 

 

 

A new liquid was recently discovered. In this liquid, cork and aluminum will float but brass and gold will sink. What is the density of the liquid?

1. 0.2 g/mL

1. 2.0 g/mL

1. 3.0 g/mL

1. 9.0 g/mL

 

11. Ionic bonds form when two atoms

1. exchange outer shell electrons.

1. exchange inner shell electrons.

1. share inner shell electrons.

1. share outer shell electrons.

 

12. Which part of the periodic table contains the largest number of nonmetals?

1. upper left

1. lower left

1. upper right

1. lower right

 

13. The densities of four liquids are shown in the table below.

  

[pic]

  

If [pic] samples of each liquid are collected, which sample will have the greatest mass?

1. carbon tetrachloride

1. coconut oil

1. corn syrup

1. sea water

 

14. John makes a model representing the structure of an atom. Which model correctly labels the location of the electrons (e), protons (p), and neutrons (n) in an atom?

A[pic]B[pic]C[pic]D[pic]

 

15. Potassium reacts with bromine to form potassium bromide. How many valence electrons does each potassium atom have available for bonding?

Constructed Response:

 

16. The diagram below shows an atom. Which diagram shows another isotope of the same element?

 [pic] A[pic]B[pic]C[pic]D[pic]

 

17. [pic] L=20 cm, W=3 cm, H=3 cm

 

The brick shown here has a mass of [pic] and a volume of [pic] . The density is

Constructed Response (Show your work):

 

18. Which of the following represents a Cl atom?

1. protons = 17

neutrons = 18

electrons = 17

1. protons = 17

neutrons = 18

electrons = 18

1. protons = 18

neutrons = 17

electrons = 17

1. protons = 18

neutrons = 17

electrons = 18

 

19. In order to fill its valence energy level an atom of nitrogen (N) is expected to bond with how many atoms of hydrogen (H)? (Basically, look at the valence electrons of Nitrogen and figure out how many it needs to get 8 valence electrons)

1. 1

1. 3

1. 4

1. 5

 

20. A molecule with covalent bonds forms when atoms

1. share electrons.

1. fuse nuclei.

1. split nuclei.

1. exchange electrons.

 

21. Which statement CORRECTLY describes the bonding electrons in a molecule of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)?

1. One electron from each chlorine atom is transferred to the carbon atom.

1. Four electrons from the carbon atom are transferred to the chlorine atoms.

1. One electron from each chlorine atom and one electron from the carbon atom are shared.

1. Four electrons from the carbon atom and one electron from each chlorine atom are shared.

 

22. Which is the BEST example of the Law of Conservation of Mass?

A.2H2O → H2 + O2 B. Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 C. CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O D. NaCl + CaO → Na2O + 2CaCl2

 

23. Two blocks are placed in a tank of water. Block X floats and Block Y sinks. This tells you that block X has

1. less mass than Block Y.

1. greater volume than Block Y.

1. less density than Block Y.

1. greater density than Block Y.

 

24. Maria is comparing the properties of six elements, H, He, O, Mg, Cl, and K. Which pair of elements can form a bond by the transfer of one electron?

1. H and H

1. H and He

1. K and Cl

1. Mg and O

 

25. Locate the elements Si (silicone), Ge (germanium), As (arsenic), and Sb (antimony) on the periodic table. Based on their positions, how should these elements be classified?

1. All four are metals.

1. All four are metalloids.

1. Si is a non-metal, Ge and As are metalloids, and Sb is a metal.

1. Sb is a non-metal, As and Ge are metalloids, and Si is a metal.

 

26. The picture below shows four spheres with different densities.

 

[pic]      [pic] [pic]      [pic]

 

All of the spheres have the same volume. Which sphere has the GREATEST mass?

Constructed Response:

 

27. An element belongs to group 17 (VIIA) of the periodic table. Which type of ion will it MOST LIKELY form?

Constructed Response:

 

28. Which sequence correctly arranges antimony (Sb), iodine (I), tellurium (Te), and tin (Sn) from lowest to highest atomic mass?

1. I, Sb, Sn, Te

1. I, Te, Sb, Sn

1. Sn, Sb, I, Te

1. Sn, Sb, Te, I

 

29. This graph illustrates the relationship between volume and temperature for helium gas.

 

[pic]

 

What can be concluded from this graph?

1. Volume is equal to temperature.

1. Volume is not affected by temperature.

1. Volume is directly proportional to temperature.

1. Volume is inversely proportional to temperature.

 

30. The diagram below shows a piston in three different positions as it moves down in a cylinder containing a gas.

 

[pic]

 

How is the piston affecting the pressure and volume of the gas?

1. The piston is decreasing the pressure and the volume.

1. The piston is increasing the pressure and the volume.

1. The piston is decreasing the pressure and increasing the volume.

1. The piston is increasing the pressure and decreasing the volume.

 

31. Melita learns that a binary covalent compound with formula SF6 is formed in a chemical reaction. What is the name of the compound formed in this reaction?

Constructed Response:

 

32. The excerpt from the periodic table shows elements of the second period and belonging to the groups 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17.

 

  [pic]  

   

What is true about the number of valence electrons of these elements?

1. The number of valence electrons in the elements increases one at a time from group 13 to group 17.

1. The number of valence electrons in the elements increases two at a time from group 13 to group 17.

1. The number of valence electrons in the elements decreases one at a time from group 13 to group 17.

1. The number of valence electrons in the elements decreases two at a time from group 13 to group 17.

 

33. Which statement correctly explains what happens when air is heated?

1. The weight of the air decreases when it is heated.

1. The air particles move faster when the air is heated.

1. The composition of the air changes when it is heated.

1. The number of air particles decreases when the air is heated.

 

34. Which statement correctly describes the bond between potassium and chlorine in KCl?

1. K loses an electron to Cl as they form an ionic bond.

1. K gains an electron from Cl as they form a covalent bond.

1. K and Cl share a pair of electrons as they form an ionic bond.

1. K and Cl share a pair of electrons as they form a covalent bond.

 

35. Two potassium atoms will each transfer an electron to a sulfur atom to form potassium sulfide. What is the formula of potassium sulfide?

1. KS

1. K2S

1. 2KS

1. KS2

 

36. Aaron conducts a lab experiment to study the relationship between mass and volume of different liquids. He takes an equal volume of four liquids that do not mix with each other and transfers them to a cylinder. The result is shown below.

 

[pic]

 

Which liquid has the greatest mass?

How do you know?

Constructed Response:

 

37. Which elements are ALL classified as transition metals?

1. Fe, Na, and Ti

1. Cd, Fe, and Ti

1. Cd, Na, and Ti

1. Cd, Fe, and Na

 

38. Lithium, sodium, and potassium are all found in group IA in the periodic table. Which type of ion do they usually form?

Constructed Response:

 

39. In which substance are all the bonds MOST LIKELY covalent?

1. [pic]

1. [pic]

1. [pic]

1. [pic]

How do you know?

Constructed Response:

 

40. Which is the correct way to write the formula for calcium chloride?

Constructed Response:

41. What two data items does one need in order to calculate the density of an object?

1. length and distance

1. mass and length

1. distance and speed

1. volume and mass

 

42. Magnesium oxide is formed when a magnesium ion bonds with an oxygen ion. What is the chemical formula for magnesium oxide?

1. MgO

1. MgO2

1. Mg2O

1. Mg2O2

 

Directions: Review the content below and answer the questions that follow

Solubility Curve

 

The graph below displays the solubility curve of oxygen gas in water.

 

[pic]

43. Many gases have a similar solubility curve to that of oxygen.  What conclusion can be drawn about the solubility of gases?

1. The solubility of most gases decreases at high temperatures.

1. The solubility of most gases decreases at low temperatures.

1. The solubility of most gases increases at high temperatures.

1. The solubility of most gases is not dependent on temperature.

 

44. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this data?

1. The solubility of oxygen is not dependent on temperature.

1. The solubility of oxygen increases with increasing temperature.

1. The solubility of oxygen decreases with increasing temperature.

1. The solubility of oxygen is small compared to the solubility of water.

 

Directions: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions.

45. The atmosphere contains many different gases, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. Which statement explains why these gases diffuse into each other?

1. Gases have unreactive molecules.

1. Gas molecules are close together.

1. Gases have different-sized molecules.

1. Gas molecules move in random motion.

 

46. When a beaker of tap water is kept on the burner for warming, gas bubbles start escaping from the water. Which statement BEST explains this phenomenon?

1. The solubility of dissolved gases is independent of temperature.

1. The solubility of dissolved gases increases with an increase in temperature.

1. The solubility of dissolved gases decreases with an increase in temperature.

1. The solubility of dissolved gases increases and decreases as temperature changes.

 

47. When would the average kinetic energy equal zero?

1. at [pic]

1. at [pic]

1. at [pic]

1. in the solid phase

 

48. The diagram shows how, at a constant temperature, the pressure of the gas in a container is affected by a change in the volume of the container.

 

[pic]

 

Which statement correctly explains this relationship?

1. As the volume of the container decreases, the particles collide with the walls less frequently.

1. As the volume of the container increases, the particles collide with the walls more frequently.

1. As the volume of the container decreases, the particles collide with the walls more frequently.

1. As the volume of the container changes, the frequency of particle collisions with the walls remains constant.

 

49. The diagram below shows different phases of water as ice is heated in an isolated system.

 

[pic]

 

How does the energy absorbed by the molecules appear during the phases indicated by areas A and B?

1. Energy absorbed during the phase indicated by area B appears as a rise in temperature, and energy absorbed during the phase indicated by area A appears as a change of phase.

1. Energy absorbed during the phase indicated by area A appears as a rise in temperature, and energy absorbed during the phase indicated by area B appears as a change of phase.

1. Energy absorbed during the phase indicated by areas A and B appears as a rise in temperature.

 

50. Grains of sugar dissolve more quickly in tea than do sugar cubes. Which answer correctly explains why this occurs?

1. The sugar cube is at a greater pressure.

1. The sugar cube is already at equilibrium.

1. The sugar grains form a saturated solution.

1. The sugar grains have greater surface area.

 

51. Heating a solvent usually increases the speed of solubility because

1. it increases the kinetic energy of the molecules.

1. boiling breaks up large particles.

1. dissolving is an exothermic process.

1. it increases the polarity of the solvent.

 

52. The rate at which a solid dissolves in a liquid can be increased by increasing the temperature, by increasing the speed of stirring, or by decreasing the particle size of the solid. How do ALL THREE of these changes act to increase the rate of solution?

1. They all decrease the size of the solute molecules.

1. They all increase the velocity of the solvent molecules.

1. They all increase the rate at which solvent molecules come in contact with solute molecules.

1. They all reduce the activation energy needed to make the solution process proceed beyond a high-energy barrier.

 

53. A substance that has __________ surface area will dissolve ___________.

1. more; faster

1. more; slower

1. less; faster

1. less; slower

 

54. Which activity decreases the rate at which a solid solute dissolves in a liquid solvent?

1. stirring the mixture vigorously

1. increasing the temperature of the solution

1. decreasing the temperature of the solution

1. crushing the solid solute to particles of smaller sizes

 

55. Manuel is studying several different samples of gas. How can he find which gas sample has molecules with the highest average kinetic energy?

1. by finding the temperature of each sample

1. by finding the heat content of each sample

1. by finding the pressure and volume of each sample

1. by finding the average molecular weight of each sample

 

56. In the representations below, ‘O’ represents a single particle of an element. Which representation shows a solid element?

1. OOOO

OOOO

OOOO

1. O O O O

O O O O

O O O O

1. O O O O

O O O O

O O O O

1. O O

O O

O O

 

57. A restaurant worker is preparing a large container of sweetened tea. When should the worker add the sugar to cause it to dissolve MOST rapidly?

1. while the tea is hot, because the higher temperature will increase the motion of the molecules

1. while the tea is cold, because the lower temperature will increase the pressure of the molecules

1. while the tea is cold, because the lower temperature will prevent the molecules from becoming gas

1. while the tea is hot, because the higher temperature will decrease the surface area of the water molecules

 

58. In the representations below, ‘O’ represents a single particle of an element. Which representation shows a gaseous element?

1. OOOO

2. OOOO

3. OOOO

1. O O O O

2. O O O O

3. O O O O

1. O O O O O O O O

2. O O O O O O O O

3. O O O O O O O O

1. O O O

2. O O O

3. O O O

 

59. Sodium chloride salt (NaCl) is readily soluble in water. Which of these actions increases the rate at which NaCl dissolves in water?

1. increasing the pressure

1. increasing the temperature

1. increasing the size of the salt particles

1. avoiding stirring the salt-water mixture

 

60. Maria is studying the processes of converting water into ice and water into steam. Which of these correctly explains one of these processes?

1. When water changes to ice, the particles gain energy and the molecular motion increases.

1. When water changes to steam, the particles gain energy and the molecular motion increases.

1. When water changes to ice, the molecular motion increases and the particles become electrically charged.

1. When water changes to steam, the molecular motion increases and the particles become electrically charged.

 

61. When a sugar cube is added to water, it dissolves. This occurs because the sugar molecules are

1. small and can move between the water molecules.

1. in constant random motion and separate from each other.

1. more attracted to each other than to water.

1. breaking apart into smaller molecules.

 

62. The solubility of some common compounds at various temperatures is shown in the following graph.

 

[pic]

 

Which pair of compounds has the same solubility at [pic] ?

1. [pic] and [pic]

1. [pic] and [pic]

1. [pic] and [pic]

1. [pic] and [pic]

 

63. As molecules collide with the surface of a container, they create

1. density.

1. potential energy.

1. pressure.

1. mass.

 

64. The diagram below shows the results of an instructor’s demonstration with potassium nitrate [pic] .

 

[pic]

 

What is the BEST conclusion based on these results?

1. The density of [pic] decreases with temperature.

1. The solubility of [pic] increases with temperature.

1. At low temperatures, [pic] reacted with water to form a precipitate.

1. At low temperatures, [pic] absorbed some water and became heavier.

 

65. Jeff filled a balloon with warm air and then placed the balloon in a refrigerator. What will happen to the balloon?

1. The volume of the balloon will decrease because the pressure is increasing.

1. The volume of the balloon will increase because the pressure is decreasing.

1. The volume of the balloon will increase because the temperature is increasing.

1. The volume of the balloon will decrease because the temperature is decreasing.

 

66. A researcher measures the volume of a given amount of gas at constant pressure as the temperature changes. She graphs the results.

 

[pic]

 

Which statement describes the relationship expressed on the graph?

1. As the temperature increases, the volume decreases.

1. As the temperature increases, the volume increases.

1. As the temperature increases, the volume remains constant.

1. As the temperature increases, the volume increases by the square of the change.

 

67. A can filled with air is heated to force some of the air out of the can. When the can is capped and cooled it will crush because the pressure outside is __________ than the inside due to __________ molecules colliding against the surface

1. greater; more

1. less; more

1. greater; fewer

1. less; fewer

 

68. Helen is comparing two substances, [pic] and [pic] . She writes down the properties of the two substances with respect to their molecular motion.

 

[pic]

 

In which phases do the substances [pic] and [pic] exist?

1. [pic] , [pic]

1. [pic] , [pic]

1. [pic] , [pic]

1. [pic] , [pic]

 

69. While drinking soda pop, Jennifer noticed lots of bubbles coming up to the top of the liquid. The bubbles are carbon dioxide, and the amount of carbon dioxide is much less than the amount of water in which it is dissolved. Which of these describes the carbon dioxide and the water?

1. Carbon dioxide is the solute, and water is the solvent.

1. Carbon dioxide is the solute, and water is the solution.

1. Carbon dioxide is the solvent, and water is the solution.

1. Carbon dioxide is the solution, and water is the solvent.

 

70.   [pic]

 

During which portion of the graph is a phase change occurring?

1. I and III

1. I, III, and V

1. II and IV

1. III, IV, and V

 

Stop! You have finished this study guide.

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