ОТ СОСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ
English Grammar Practice
Entry Test
Please mark you answer with an X in the correct box as in the example:
abed
Example: 1.......A STUDENT
a) AM b) ARE c) BE d) IS e.g. a)
1) John is English.....an English boy.
a) He is b) She is c) It is d) I am
2) This is a pen. Those........books.
a) is b) am c) are d) be
3) I'm English.........French?
a) You're b) Are you c) Are d) You
4) I speak English. She......Japanese.
a) speaking b) do speak c) speaks
d) are speaking
5) "What........?" "I'm a student".
a) do you b) do you do c) you d) you do
6) I'm sorry I........ understand.
a) no b) not c) doesn't d) don't
7) "........you like a cup of tea?" "Yes, please".
a) Would b) Could c) May d) Do
8) "Where..........now?"
a) lives he b) is he living c) he is living d) he living
9) That isn't your coat. It's......coat.
a) me b) my c) I d) he
10) Take your coat. It........rain.
a) is going to b) will c) is d) has
11) "No, I don't want......tomatoes."
a) some b) a c) they d) any
12) "Where .... yesterday?" "I was at home".
a) you were b) you was c) you d) were you
13) "Why not go to the National Gallery?"
"I......there yesterday."
a) go b) went c) gone d) going
14) "Where......yesterday?" "I didn't go
anywhere."
a) went you b) did you went c) did you go d) was you go
15) You.....work hard to pass the examination.
a) must b) can c) were d) do
16) My French is very good. I speak French . . .
a) good b) bad c) well d) badly
17) I...........to Russia.
a) have never been b) been have never c) have never d) never been
18) Richard.......the tickets.
a) already bought b) has already buy c) has already bought d) buy
19) Don't go out It........ rain.
a) can b) may c) did d) was
20) Richard......to a girl when I saw him.
a) talk b) talking c) will talk d) was talking
21) My sister.......[or my birthday.
a) gave me a book b) gave to me a book c) gave a book me d) me gave a book
22) The man . . . came yesterday is very rich.
a) he b) who c) has d) when
23) John is good at football but Richard is ....
a) good b) well c) gooder d) better
24) John........since he left school.
a) was working b) works c) has been working d) will be working
25) "Please be quiet." He told me
a) be quiet b) to be quiet c) that be quiet d) that I be quiet
26) "I am a student." He told me that.....a student.
a) I am b) I was c) he was d) he is
27) Susan will come to tea if you.....her.
a) asks b) ask c) asked d) will ask
28) I'm not as clever as you. You are. ... I am.
a) clever than b) cleverer as c) cleverer than d) more clever
29) When I was a child I.....a lot of sweets.
a) use eat b) eat c) used to eat d) am used to eat
30) ".....Romeo and Juliet." "Yes, I saw it on Wednesday."
a) Did you seen b) Have you seen c) Will you see d) Do you see
31) The house.......last year.
a) built b) has built c) was built d) is built
32) Mary enjoys.......in London.
a) to live b) living c) having living d) when lived
33) I think you'd better...... to the Doctor.
a) to go b) go c) going d) to going
34) Tea will be ready when you......home.
a) gets b) get c) will get d) shall get
35) If I were you......... home.
a) I'd go b) I go c) I'll go d) I'm go
36) "Have you finished?" He asked me.....
a) have I finished b) if I have finished c) if I had finished d) if I finished
37) They.......so much that they went to sleep in the garden.
a) were eating b) had eaten c) have eaten d) eating
38) I like him. He makes me
a) laughing b) laughter c) to laugh d) laugh
39) Would you mind....... me a cigarette, please?
a) give b) giving c) to give d) having given
40) What about.....to the cinema tonight?
a) go b) to go c) we go d) going
41)1......here for 5 years in November.
a) shall be b) will be c) shall have been d) will have
42) I wish I.......a lot of money.
a) had b) have c) will have d) would have
43) He's rather dirty. He....... a bath before he came here.
a) had b) has had c) should have had d) would have
44) If you.........gone to the party you would have seen him.
a) had b) would have c) have d) should have
45) "Where is Piccadilly Circus?" She asked me where.......
a) Piccadilly Circus was b) is Piccadilly Circus c) Piccadilly Circus d) was Piccadilly Circus
46) The streets are wet. It.......raining.
a) must have b) must have been c) had to d) must to be
47) He's too old to paint the house himself, so he........
a) is painted the house b) is having his house painted c) is going to paint his house
d) is having painted his house
48) I'd rather you.....later. I'm busy now.
a) come back b) will come back c) came back d) had come back
49) Supposing you.....there again. What would you do?
a) will go b) went c) going d) will have gone
50) "Can I phone you at 6.00?" "No, I . ..."
a) would eat then b) shall have eaten then c) shall eat then d) shall be eating then
Article
1. Write a or an before the indefinite singular nouns.
Don't write anything in the blank before the indefinite plural or noncount nouns.
A.: You have ______ nice things here. This is ______ unusual calendar. And these are______beautiful shoes.
Т.: Jean has ______ new records, _______ new blouse,______postcards, and ... Jean, why are you keeping______four old movie tickets?
/.: Oh, they're just______souvenirs. We went to remember ______special evening.
A.: Hmmmm ... you have______menu from_____nice restaurant, too. Look at this! They serve______great food, I bet.
Т.: Is the menu from ______ date with ______ two special guys?
L.: Um ... I ... you see, sometimes we get lost in______city, and then we ask______people for______direction, and then ...
A.: Tell us about them. Are they handsome? What do they do for a living? Do they have ______money? Are you going to see them again? Well?
2. Insert a or an if necessary.
1. My neighbour is ... photographer; let's ask him for ... advice about colour films. 2. We had ... fish and ... chips for ... lunch. That doesn't sound ... very interesting lunch. 3. I had ... very bad night; I didn't sleep ... wink. 4. He is ... vegetarian; you won't get ... meat at his house. He'll give you ... nut cutlet. Last time I had ... nut cutlet I had ... indisgestion. 5. ... travel agent would give you ... information about ... hotels. 6. We'd better go by ... taxi if we can get ... taxi at such ... hour as 2 a.m. 7. ... person who suffers from ... claustrofobia has ... dread of being confined in ... small space, and would always prefer ... stairs to ... lift. 8. Do you take ... sugar in ... coffee? I used to, but now I'm on ... diet. I'm trying to lose ... weight. 9. ... man suffering from ... shock should not be given anything to drink. 10. You'll get ... shock if you touch ... live wire with that screwdriver. Why don't you get ... screwdriver with ... insulated handle? 11. It costs fifty-five and ... half pence and I've got ... fifty pence piece. You can pay by ... cheque here. But can I write ... cheque for fifty-five and ... half pence? 12. ... Mr Smith is ... old customer and ... honest man. Why do you say that? Has he been accused of ... dishonesty? 13. I'm not ... wage-earner; I'm ... self-employed man. I have ... business of my own. Then you're not ... worker; you're ... capitalist! 14. When he was charged with ... murder he said he had ... alibi. 15. ... friend of mine is expecting ... baby. If it's ... girl she's going to be called Etheldreda. What ... name to give ... girl! 16. I have ... hour and ... half for lunch. I only have ... half ... hour-barely ... time for ... smoke and ... cup of coffee. 17. I hope you have ... lovely time and ... good weather; but I'm not going for ... holiday; I'm going on ... business. 18. He looked at me with ... horror when I explained that I was ... double agent. 19. I wouldn't climb ... mountain for £1,000! I have ... horror of ... heights. 20. I have ... headache and ... sore throat. I think I've got ... cold. I think you're getting ... flu. 21. ... Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He wants to make ... complaint about ... article in the paper. He was in ... very bad temper. 22. If you go by ... train you can have quite ... comfortable journey, but make sure you get ... express, not ... train that stops at all the stations. 23. ... few people know (hardly any one knows) that there is ... secret passage from this house to ... old smugglers' cave in the cliffs. 24. I'm having ... few friends in to ... coffee tomorrow evening. Would you like to come? I'd love to, but I'm afraid I'm going to ... concert. 25. It's time you had ... holiday. You haven't had ... day off for ... month. 26. He broke ... leg in ... skiing accident. It's still in ... plaster. 27. I want ... assistant with ... knowledge of French and ... experience of ... office routine. 28. I see that your house is built of ... wood. Are you insured against ... fire? 29. The escaping prisoner camped in ... wood but he didn't light ... fire because ... smoke rising frok the wood might attract ... attention. 30. I had ... amazing experience last night. I saw ... dinosaur eating ... meat pie in ... London park. You mean you had ... nightmare. Anyway, dinosaurs didn't eat ... meat. 31. I'll pay you ... hundred ... week. It's not ... enormous salary but after all you are ... completely unskilled man. 32. If you kept ... graph you could see at ... glance whether you were making ... profit or ... loss. 33. ... little
(hardly anything) is known about the effect of this drug; yet ... chemist will sell it to you without ... prescription. 34. I have ... little money left; let's have dinner in ... restaurant. 35. Would it be ... trouble to you to buy me ,... newspaper on our way home? 36. ... man is ... reasoning animal.
3. Supply a/an or one in these sentences.
1. I need ... picture-hook to hang this picture. 2. Did you say you wanted ... picture-hook or two? 3. ... nail won't be enough for this job. I need several. 4. You should use ... hammer to drive in those nails. 5. How many orange juices did you say? — Just ... orange juice, please. 6. You should get out into the fresh air on ... day like this! 7. ... day, many years later, I learnt the truth. 8. I was out walking late ... evening when I saw ... strange object in the sky. 9. He says he's going to be ... millionaire ... day. 10. There were over ... hundred people at the party. 11. Have you ever seen ... silent movie? 12. I've only ever seen ... silent movie.
4. Insert a/an or one if necessary.
1. ... of my friends advised me to take ... taxi; another said that there was quite ... good bus service. 2. ... friend of mine lent me ... book by Meredith. I've only ... more chapter to read. Would you like ... loan of it afterwards? No, thanks. I read ... of his books ... few years ago and didn't like it. Besides I have ... library book to finish. If I don't take it back tomorrow I'll have to pay ... fine. 3. ... man I met on the train told me ... rather unusual story. 4. Most people like ... rest after ... hard day's work, but Tom seemed to have ... inexhaustible supply of energy. 5. I've told you ... hundred times not to come into ... room with ... hat on. 6. It's unlucky to light three cigarettes with ... match. That's only ... superstition. Only ... idiot believes in superstitions. 7. He says ... caravan is not good; he needs ... cottage. 8. ... plate is no good; we need ... dozen. 9. Last time there was ... fog here ... plane crash-landed in ... field near the airport. The crew had ... lucky escape. ... man broke his leg; the rest were unhurt. 10. You've been ... great help to me; ... day I will repay you. 11. My car broke down near ... bus stop. There was ... man waiting for ... bus, so I asked him for ... advice. 12. He took ... quick look at my car and said, "Buy ... new ... ." 13. There was ... woman there. The rest were men. 14. Could you lend me ... dictionary, please? I'm trying to do ... crossword puzzle. I'm afraid I've only got ... dictionary, and Tom's borrowed it. 15. ... chop won't be enough for Tom; he'll want two; he's ... small man but he's got ... big appetite. 16. "I want ... volunteers for ... dangerous job," said the captain. There was ... long before. "Isn't there even ... man who will take ... risk?" he asked. ... voice called out from the back, "Will there be ... reward?" 17. I have ... flat on the top floor. You get ... lovely view from there. 18. ... day a new director arrived. He was ... ambitious, bad-tempered man, and the staff took ... instant dislike to him. 19. Suddenly ... bullet struck ... street lamp ... little to Bill's left. He looked up and saw ... man with ... gun standing at ... open window. 20. Bill fired back twice. ... bullet hit the wall, the other broke ... pane of ... glass. He heard ... angry shout. 21. ... day — it was ... dry day with ... good visibility — Tom was driving along ... country road in ... borrowed car. 22. You're making ... mistake after another. Have you ... hangover, or something? No, but I had ... very bad night last night. The people next door were having ... party. ... bad night shouldn't have such ... effect in your work. I often have three bad nights in succession. I live in ... very noisy street.
5. Supply a/an where necessary.
1. I'm going to bed. I've got ... headache. 2. I was awake all night with ... toothache. 3. I think Gillian's got ... flue. 4. The children are in bed with ... mumps. 5. Mind you don't catch ... cold. 6. ... measles can be very unpleasant. 7. Don't come near me. I've got ... sore throat. 8. I think I've got ... cold! 9. I've had ... terrible backache. 10. I often suffer from ... backache.
6. Do you need a definite article? Open the brackets.
Hi, I'm Cidy Castello. My parents and I came to New York three years ago. We're from Greenville, Tennessee. Greenville is a small place where (unemployment) is very high. So you can imagine that my parents didn't decide to come here because of (freedom) that (people) try to find in a place like New York. We didn't come to live near (skyscrapers) of Manhattan either. Like most people we don't like (noise). And (noise) of traffic in New York is worse than in Greenville. We hate (dirt) that you find in big cities, too. But we still moved. Why? — We did what (people) have always done in (history)of the USA. We moved to
a new place that offered better chances for us. And that meant new jobs for my father and my mother.
7. Write a/ an or no word in the blank before each indefinite noun. Write the before each definite noun.
Т.: Where is .............. menu from?
J: It is from ........... French restaurant downtown. They have ............. delicious food and ............ elegant atmosphere.
A.: How about .......... hotel? Is that ..............postcard of it?
J".: Yes it is............. rooms in ........... hotel have ...........wonderful views from them. And this is ........... picture of..........famous statue. It's ........... landmark in ......... main square in
......... downtown section of ........... city. And here's ......... postcard of........... big park in .........middle of........ business section. We love ............. fountain in it. Doesn't it look beautiful in .........sun? There are .......... fish in ........... water, and ........... people play ........... guitar music in ............ park all day long. And look at this picture! It's ........... amazing flower market, and ... .
8. Insert the if necessary.
1. ... youngest boy has just started going to ... school; ... eldest boy is at ... college. 2. She lives on ... top floor of an old house. When ... wind blows, all ... windows rattle. 3. ... darkness doesn't worry ... cats; ... cats can see in ... dark. 4. My little boys say that they want to be ... spacemen, but most of them will probably end up in ... less dramatic jobs. 5. Do you know ... time? Yes, ... clock in ... hall has just struck nine. Then it isn't ... time to go yet. 6. He was sent to ... prison for ... six months for ... shop-lifting. When ... six months are over he'll be released; ... difficulty then will be to find ... work. Do you go to ... prison to visit him? 7. I went to ... school to talk to ... headmistress. I persuaded her to let Ann give up ... gymnastics and take ... ballet lessons instead. 8. ... ballet isn't much use for ... girls; it is much better to be able to play ... piano. 9. I am on ... night duty. When you go ... bed, I go to ... work. 10. Peter's at ... office but you could get him on ... phone. There's a telephone box just round ... corner. 11. He got ... bronchitis and was taken to ... hospital. I expect they'll send him home at ... end of ... week. Have you rung ... hospital to ask how he is? 12. Ann's habit of riding a motorcycle up and down ... road early in ... morning annoyed ...neighbours and in ... end they took her to ... court. 13. He first went to ... sea in a Swedish ship, so as well as learning ... navigation he had to learn ... Swedish. 14. ... family hotels are ... hotels which welcome ... parents and ... children. 15. On ... Sundays my father stays in ... bed till ten o'clock, reading ... Sunday papers. 16. Then he gets up, puts on ... old clothes, has ... breakfast and starts ... work in ... garden. 17. My mother goes to ... church in ... morning, and in ... afternoon goes to visit ... friends. 18. Like many women, she loves ... tea parties and ... gossip. 19. My parents have ... cold meat and ... salad for ... supper, ... winter and ... summer. 20. During ... meal he talks about ... garden and she tells him ... village gossip. 21. We have a very good train service from here to ... city centre and most people go to ... work by train. You can go by ... bus too, of course, but you can't get a season ticket on ... bus. 22. ... dead no longer need ... help. We must concern ourselves with ... living. We must build ... houses and ... schools and ... playgrounds. 23. I'd like to see ... Mr Smith, please. Do you mean ... Mr Smith who works in ... box office or ... other Mr Smith? 24. Did you come by ... air? No, I came by ... sea. I had a lovely voyage on ... Queen Elizabeth II. 25. ... most of ... stories that ... people tell about ... Irish aren't true. 26. ... married couples with ... children often rent ... cottages by ... seaside for ... summer holidays. ... men hire boats and go for ... trips along ... coast; ... children spend ... day on ... beach and ... poor mothers spend ... most of ... time doing ... cooking and cleaning. 27. It's usually safe to walk on ... sand, but here, when ... tide is coming in, ... sand becomes dangerously soft. ... people have been swallowed up by it. 28. When ... Titanic was crossing ... Atlantic she struck an iceberg which tore a huge hole in her bow ... captain ordered ... crew to help ... passengers into ... boats. 29. Everywhere ... man has cut down ... forests in order to cultivate ... ground, or to use ... wood as ... fuel or as ... building material. 30. But ... interference with ... nature often brings ... disaster ...; tree-felling sometimes turns ... fertile land into a dist-bowl. 31. ... people think that ... lead is ... heaviest metal, but ... gold is heavier. 32. Our air hostess said: "... rack is only for ... light articles. ...; heavy things such as ... bottles must be put on .. floor." 33. ... windows are supposed to let in ... light; but ... windows of this house are so small that we have to have ... electric light on all ... time. 34. There'll always be a conflict between old and ... young. ... young people want ... change but ... old people want ... things to stay ... same. 35. ... power tends to corrupt and ... absolute power corrupts absolutely. 36. You can fool some of ... people all ... time, and all ... people some of ... time; but you cannot fool all ... people all ... time.
9. Put in a, the or one only where necessary.
HERE'S HEALTH!
"I think that's all, Mrs Grant," Dr Grey said as she handed her ... list of prescriptions. ... list was very long and Mrs Grant almost fainted as she tried to read it. She had ... headache and ... cold and felt as if she was getting ... flu. On top of this, one of her children was in bed with ... mumps. "I've prescribed some pills for ... high blood pressure as well," Dr Grey said. "How many do I have to take — ... pill ... day?" "No. One pill with each meal. Three pills ... day." Mrs Grant thanked ... doctor and walked out of her surgery with some difficulty. She staggered into the local chemist's and handed ... long prescription list to Mr Burt, ... chemist. Mr Burt greeted her cheerfully. "Good morning, Mrs Grant," he said, glancing at ... list. "What a list! I trust you're keeping well!"
10. Supply the or "—".
1. A lot of people are giving up ... meat. 2. ... meat we had for lunch last Sunday was very tough. 3. As some one said, ... life is just one damned thing after another. 4. I don't know much about ... life of ... Napoleon. 5. ... running is supposed to be good for you. 6. I ought to be fit with all ... running I do, but I don't feel fit. 7. Which is our favourite colour? ... Red. 8. I think ... red one will suit you best. ... red is more your colour. 9. We learnt ... English at school, but ... English we learnt was useless. 10. ... London is a safe city today, but ... London of the 18th century was pretty rough. 11. ... watches have become very cheap and very attractive. 12. Most of ... watches you see today work on ... quartz. 13. ... indoor plants require a lot of effort and attention. 14. ... Bach gives me a great deal of pleasure. 15. ... Bach recording you bought for my birthday is first class. 16. What has been the longest period of ... peace in ... history? 17. If you study ... History, you've got to read a lot. 18. ... fasting during ... Ramadan is more difficult in the summer months. 19. ... journeys to unknown places require a lot of preparation. 20. ... lives of ... poets and ... musicians have often been unbearably difficult. 21. I'm not interested in the price of ... silver or the price of ... gold. 22. ... time is ... money. 23. I can never regret ... time I've spent enjoying myself. 24. I often listen to ... music and I like ... jazz best.
11. Supply a or the in the following text.
We wanted to reach ... small village and knew we must be near. Then we saw ... woman just ahead and some children playing. When we stopped to ask the way, ... woman said she was ... stranger herself. We called out to ... children, but they ignored us. Just then two men came along and we asked them the way. ... men didn't know, but at least were helpful. "There is ... signpost a mile along this road," one of them said. We drove to ... signpost eagerly. This was what it said: NORTH POLE 6,000 MILES.
12. Put in a or the.
ANCIENT SECRETS
Mr Denys Stocks, ... retired policeman, has just been given ... B. Sc. for twelve years' research into ancient Egyptian industrial methods. Egyptologists have often wondered how ... Egyptians were able to cut such hard stone and how they produced such fine jewellery. Mr Stocks has shown that ... Egyptians used saws and drills. ... saws and drills were made of copper, which is very soft. But ... Egyptian craftsmen made ... cut in ... stone with
...... soft saw. Then ... craftsmen turned them into very powerful
tools. First ... craftsman made ... cut in ... stone with ... soft saw. Then ... craftsman poured sand into ... cut. ... hard sand got into ... teeth of ... saw and did ... cutting. In this way, ... worker could cut basalt, one of the hardest rocks. ... sand he used turned into very fine powder. ... powder was then used by jewellers to cut precious stones and to make delicate jewellery.
13. Supply the or "—".
1. I've always understood ... Dark Ages to refer to ... Medieval Europe. 2. Ferguson has travelled everywhere from ... Central Asia to ... Arctic. 3. I've been to ... Brazil and ... Argentina, but I've never been to ... USA. 4. I'd love to do a tour of European capitals and visit ... London, ... Paris, and ... Vienna. 5. What's your address? I live in ... Montague Road, number 27. 6. I could never afford to stay at hotels like ... Brown's or ... Hilton. 7. Karl \vas born in ... Bavaria, but he now lives in ... Ohio. 8. You can't visit ... London without seeing ... Buckingham Palace. 9. I've been climbing in ... Alps, but I've never managed to get up ... Mont Blanc. 10. A lot of people have tried to cross ... Sahara without being properly prepared. 11. I'd love to travel down ... Nile as far as ... Luxor. 12. There's a splendid view of ... Lake Geneva from this hotel. 13. We had an early dinner at ... Leoni's and then go to a play at ... Globe Theatre. 14. Go down ... Oxford Street till you come to ... Oxford Circus, then turn right. 15. Do you know the song about ... London Bridge?
14. Insert a, an or the if necessary.
1. There was ... knock on ... door. I opened it and found ... small dark man in ... blue overcoat and ... woollen cap. 2. He said he was ... employee of ... gas company and had come to read ... meter. 3. But I had ... suspicion that he wasn't speaking ... truth because ... meter readers usually wear ... peaked caps. 4. However, I took him to ... meter, which is in ... dark corner under ... stairs (... meters are usually in ... dark corners under ... stairs). 5. I asked if he had ... torch; he said he disliked torches and always read ... meters by ... light of ... match. 6. I remarked that if there was ... leak in ... gaspipe there might be ... explosion while he was reading ... meter. 7. He said, "As ... matter of ... fact, there was ... explosion in ... last house I visited; and Mr Smith, ... owner of ... house, was burnt in ... face."8. "Mr Smith was holding ... lighted match at ... time of ... explosion." 9. To prevent ... possible repetition of this accident, I lent him ... torch. 10. He switched on ... torch, read ... meter and wrote ... reading down on ... back of ... envelope. 11. I said in ... surprise that ... meter readers usually put ... readings down in ... book. 12. He said that he had had ... book but that it had been burnt in ... fire in ... Mr Smith's house. 13. By this time I had come to ... conclusion that he wasn't ... genuine meter reader; and ... moment he left ... house I rang ... police. 14. Are John and Mary ... cousins? — No, they aren't ... cousins; they are ... brother and ... sister. 15. ... fog was so thick that we couldn't see ... side of ... road. We followed ... car in front of us and hoped that we were going ... right way. 16. I can't remember ... exact date of ... storm, but I know it was ... Sunday because everybody was at ... church. On ... Monday ... post didn't come because ... roads were blocked by ... fallen trees. 17. Peter thinks that this is quite ... cheap restaurant. 18. There's been ... murder here. — Where's ... body? — There isn't ... body. — Then how do you know there's been ... murder? 19. Number ... hundred and two, ... house next door to us, is for sale. It's quite ... nice house with ... big rooms. ... back windows look out on ... park. 20. I don't know what ... price ... owners are asking. But Dry and Rot are ... agents. You could give them ... ring and make them ... offer. 21. ... postman's little boy says that he'd rather be ... dentist than ... doctor, because ... dentists don't get called out at ... night. 22. Just as ... air hostess (there was only one on the plane) was handing me ... cup of ... coffee ... plane gave ... lurch and ... coffee went all over ... person on ... other side of ... gangway. 23. There was ... collision between ... car and ... cyclist at ... crossroads near ... my house early in ... morning. ... cyclist was taken to ... hospital with ... concussion. ... driver of ... car was treated for ... shock. ... witnesses say that ... car was going at ... seventy miles ... hour. 24. Professor Jones, ... man who discovered ... new drug that everyone is talking about, refused to give ... press conference. 25. Peter Piper, ... student in ... professor's college, asked him why he refused to talk to ... press. 26. We're going to ... tea with ... Smiths today, aren't we? Shall we take ... car? — We can go by ... car if you wash ... car first. We can't go to ... Mrs Smith's in ... car all covered with ... mud. 27. He got ... job in ... south and spent ... next two years doing ... work he really enjoyed.28. It is ... pleasure to do ... business with such ... efficient organization. 29. ... day after ... day passed without ... news, and we began to lose ... hope. 30. Would you like to hear ... story about ... Englishman, ... Irishman and ... Scotsman? — No. I've heard ... stories about ... Englishmen, ... Irishmen and ... Scotsmen before and they are all ... same. 31. But mine is not ... typical story. In my story ... Scotsman is generous, ... Irishman is logical and ... Englishman is romantic.— Oh, if it's ... fantastic story. I'll listen with ... pleasure. 32. My aunt lived on ... ground floor of ... old house on ... River Thames. She was very much afraid of ... burglars and always locked up ... house very carefully before she went to ... bed. She also took ... precaution of looking under ... bed to see if ... burglar was hiding there. 33. "... modern burglars don't hide under ... beds," said her-daughter. "I'll go on looking just ... same," said my aunt. 34. One morning she rang her daughter in ... triumph. "I found ... burglar under ... bed ... last night," she said, "and he was quite ... young man." 35. ... apples are sold by ... pound. These are forty pence ... pound.
36. It was ... windy morning but they hired ... boat and went for ... sail along ... coast. In ... afternoon ... wind increased and they soon found themselves in ... difficulties.
15. In the following sentences supply the articles (a, an, or the) if they are necessary. If no article is necessary, leave the space blank.
1. Jason's father bought him ... bicycle that he had wanted for his birthday. 2. ... Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from ... France to ... United States. 3. Rita is studying ... English and ... math this semester. 4. ... judge asked ... witness to tell ... truth. 5. Please give me ... cup of... coffee with ... cream and ... sugar. 6. ... big books on ... table are for my history class.
7. No one in ... Spanish class knew ... correct answer to ... Mr. Perea's question. 8. My ... car is four years old and it still runs well. 9. When you go to ... store, please buy ... bottle of ... chocolate milk and ... dozen oranges. 10. There are"only ... few seats left for ... tonight's musical at ... university. 11. John and Marcy went to ... school yesterday and then studied in ... library before returning home. 12. ... Lake Erie is one of ... five great Lakes in ... North America.
13. On our trip to ... Spain, we crossed ... Atlantic Ocean. 14. ... Mount Rushmore is the site of ... magnificent tribute to ... four great American presidents. 15. What did you eat for ... breakfast this morning? 16. Louie played ... basketball and ... baseball at ... Boys' Club this year.
17. Rita plays ... violin and her sister plays ... guitar. 18. While we were in ... Alaska, we saw ... Eskimo village. 19. Phil can't go to ... movies tonight because he has to write ... essay.
20. David attended ... Princeton University. 21. Harry has been admitted to ... School of Medicine at ... Midwestern university. 22. Mel's grandmother is in ... hospital, so we went to visit her ... last night. 23. ... political science class is taking ... trip to ... Russia in ... spring. 24. ... Queen Elisabeth II is ... monarch of ... Great Britain. 25. ... Declaration of Independence was drawn up in 1776. 26. Scientists hope to send ... expedition to ... Mars during ... 1989. 27. Last night there was ... bird singing outside my house. 28. ... chair that you are sitting on is broken.
29. ... Civil War was fought in ... United States between 1861 and 1865. 30. ... Florida State University is smaller than ... University of Florida.
16. Put in a(n) or the if necessary.
1. She wants to be ... architect. 2. What's ... time? 3. I like ... music. 4. "What's your husband interested in?" " ... cars and ... money." 5. I went to get ... photos, but they weren't ready.
6. "Who broke the window?" "I don't know. Somebody threw ... stone at it." 7. "Do you know ... people in ... house next door?" "Not very well." 8. ... food is really expensive these days. 9. My daughter wants to study ... engineering at university. 10. Would you like ... drink?
11. I can remember ... faces, but I can never remember ... names 12. "Can I borrow your car?" "Yes, sure. Here are ... keys."
17. Put in a, an, or the.
SUNRAYCER
I read recently in ... Times that the big American company, General Motors, has developed ... vehicle that uses ... power of ... sun instead of petrol. ... vehicle is called Sunraycer. Sunraycer has just taken part in ... race against 25 solar-powered vehicles. ... route of ... race was from Darwin to Adelaide, ... immense distance. Sunraycer covered ... distance in 45 hours at ... average speed of 41 miles ... hours in temperatures as high as 48 °C. It beat all other cars by two and ... half days! Sunraycer ("ray of the sun" + "raycer") is certainly ... car of ... future!
18. Put in a, an, the or "—".
FOOD FIT FOR A KING!
... seeds dating from 1325 B.C. have been found at ... Kew gardens in ... London. "It's ... exciting discovery, "... Professor Arthur Bell, ... Director, said yesterday. ... seeds were found in 30 cardboard boxes by ... French student, ... Christian Tutundjian de Vartavan. ... seeds come from ... tomb of ... King Tutankha-mun. Inside ... tomb were shawabtis, that is model human beings who would serve ... King after ... death. Inside ... Tutankhamun's tomb, there was ... wheat for making ... bread, ... barley, perhaps for brewing ... beer, and spices like ... coriander, ... cumin and ... sesame, as well as ... grapes and ... tropical fruits. ... food had to be suitable for ... King's last journey, but it was very tasty, too.
19. Insert the definite or the indefinite article.
I. What ... easy exercise! 2 We have chosen ... easiest exercise. 3 Do you know which is ... shortest day in ... year? 4. We have holidays four times ... year. 5. There are nearly ... thousand pupils in our school. 6. ... baby is playing in ... hall. 7. It caused ... great deal of trouble. 8. ... fifth month of ... year is May. 9. It is ... lovely month. 10. ... ground is white in winter. 11. London is on ... River Thames. 12. ... Volga is ... important waterway. 13. Can you tell me ... time? 14. Are you in ... hurry? 15. It is ... shame to be late. 16. ... few of ... old people lives over ... hundred years.
20. Insert the articles.
1. ... beef is kind of ... meat. 2. ... beef we had for dinner last night was excellent. 3. Jack is wearing ... straw hat today. 4. Jack likes to wear ... hats. 5. ... hat is ... article of clothing.
6. ... hats are ... articles of clothing. 7. ... brown hat on that hook over there belongs to Mark.
8. Everyone has ... problems in ... life. 9. My grandmother had ... long life. 10. Tommy wants to be ... engineer when be grows up. II. John Roebling is ... name of ... engineer who designed the Brooklyn Bridge. He died in 1869 from ... infection. He died before ... bridge was completed.
12. The Brooklyn Bridge was designed by ... engineer. 13. ... people wear ... jewellery to made themselves more attractive. 14. ... jewellery Diana is wearing today is beautiful. 15. Mary is wearing ... beautiful ring today. It is made of ... gold and ... rubies. ... gold in her ring was mined in Canada. ... rubies came from Burma. 16. One of the first things you need to do when you move to ... new city is to find ... place to live. Most ... newspapers carry ... advertisements (called "wantads") for ... apartments that are for rent. If you find ... ad for ... furnished apartment, ... apartment will probably contain ... stove and refrigerator. It will also probably have ... furniture such as ... beds, ... tables, ... chairs, and may be ... sofa. 17. My wife and I have recently moved to this city. Since we're going to be here for only ... short time, we're renting ... furnished apartment. We decided that we didn't want to bring our furniture with us. ... apartment is in ... good location, but that's about the only good thing I can say about it. Only one burner on ... store works. ... refrigerator is noisy, and ... refrigerator door won't stay closed unless we tape it shut. ... bed sags in the middle and creaks. All of the rest of ... furniture is old and decrepit, too. Nevertheless, we're still enjoying living in this city. We may have to look for ... another apartment, however.
21. Supply a, an, the or "—".
1. Jim got ... B.Sc. from Durham University in 1988. 2. Celia is sure she's seen ... UFO. 3. ... EC does a lot of trade with the rest of the world. 4. I don't know how much ... MP (Member of the Parliament) earns. 5. Which countries belong to ... NATO? 6. ... H2O is the chemical formula for water. 7. I've used my computer to learn ... BASIC. 8. ... NASA had a setback in 1986.
22. Supply a, an, the or "—".
1. I'm really tired and I'm going to ... bed. 2. Your shoes are under ... bed. 3. Tim's been in ... bed for hours. 4. We've bought ... lovely new bed. 5. We took some photos outside ... church. 6. We always go to ... church on Sunday. 7. Have you ever worked in ... factory? 8. Susan's in ... class at the moment. 9. My father went to ... sea when he was 14. 10. When do you hope to go to ... university? 11. Martha's been taken to ... hospital. 12. How long will she be ... hospital? 13. There's a strike at ... hospital. 14. We've got ... fine new hospital. 15. When do you get home from ... office? 16. John's at ... work at the moment.
23. Put a, an, the or "—".
HIGH FLYER
I travel all over ... world on business and my neighbour thinks my life is one long holiday. You know what ... business travel is like: up at ... dawn to catch ... plane; ... breakfast in ...London, ... lunch in ... New York, ... luggage in ... Bermuda. When you're in ... sky, you see only snow in. ... Arctic or ... Greenland. You have glimpses of ... Andes or ... Pacific. You're always exhausted. Your wife or husband complains you're never there to take ... children to ... school or put them to ... bed. When you get home, your neighbour says, "Another nice holiday, eh?" Give me Home Sweet Home any day!
24. Insert an article where necessary.
1. Both ... English and ... German are taught at school. 2. ... Shelley has studied at ... Oxford University. 3. ... father is not at home but you may ask ... mother's opinion. 4. ... ground is covered with ... snow in ... January. 5. Shall we go to ... pictures? 6. ... dinner is ready.
7. We finished ... dinner and went out into ... garden. 8. They went to ... seaside on ... hot summer day. 9. It was ... evening when we stopped working. 10. It took ...two boys only ... minute to reach ... top of ... tree. 11. George knows ... lot about ... USA. 12. He has studied ... geography of ... USA at ... school. 13. ... Americans spell some English words differently.
14. I have ... few friends in St Petersburg. 15. We had ... hot breakfast at ... hotel in ... Minsk.
16. We'll stay there for ... month. 17. Why did you not read ... last ten pages of ... book? 18. May I have another ... cup of ... tea? 19. ... child looked at us with ... charming smile. 20. She stopped at ... kitchen door. 21. ... boy grew stronger from... day to ... day. 22. Well, ... young man, what can I do for you? 23. After ... long silence she was ... first to speak. 24. She broke ... silence. 25. It was ... pleasure to see ... Urals. 26. I'll do it with ... pleasure. 27. Ann was making ... great progress. ... teacher told us of ... progress she was making. 28. What is ... weather like today? 29. ... life went on as usual. 30. Charles was sent to ... school when he was seven. He was sent to secondary school. It was ... oldest school in ... town. 31. What will ... future promise him? 32. He has ... bright future before him. 33. Is ... North Sea stormy in ... autumn? 34. ... Fleet Street is in ... City of ... London. 35. ... Mount Cook is ... highest peak in ... Southern Alps of ... New Zealand. 36. Besides ... English, ... French is also ... official language in ... Canada. 37. Let's go to see ... uncle Alfred! 38. I want to read ... next chapter now, there are only two chapters left before ... last one. 39. It was almost ... evening when I went home. 40. We wanted to reach ... home before ... sunset. 41. On ... Saturday evening most of ... schoolchildren had gone to the country. 42. It was raining for ... three whole days.
43. ... whole weekend was spoiled.
25. Insert an article where necessary.
1. I had ... very nice holiday. 2. There was ... knock at ... door and ... young girl wearing ... summer dress entered ... room. 3. She looked at everything with ... great interest. 4. Were you at ... home ... every evening ... last week? 5. Come to ... dinner with me. 6. Are you coming to ... dinner we are having on May's birthday? 7. ... Father earns 2 mln roubles ... month. 8. ... Robert lives in ... Parker street, ... Sidney. 9. ... largest central park in ... London is ... Hyde Park. 10. I'll play hockey ... next winter. 11. Our fishermen went to fish in ... Atlantic. 12. It was ... fine evening and we decided to walk ... home. 13. Ann was here yesterday ... afternoon.
14. We went on ... tour Saturday evening. 15. It was ... late autumn. 16. It was ... very warm autumn. 17. Can you get ... good supper here? 18. ... sky was cloudless. 19. ... Times is ... popular newspaper. 20. ... both ... girls wore ... jumpers and ... skirts. 21. It will take you ... half ... hour to get there. 22. Eskimos live in ... north of Canada. 23. ... most of my friends have ... thirst for knowledge. 24. I want to read something on ... development of ... science. 25. This is not ... question of ... importance. 26. ... Aunt Helen sent us ... telegram and on ... next day we met her at ... station. 27. ... writer has just finished ... historical novel. 28. Let's go to ... clothing department. 29. Do you feel ... smell of ... fallen leaves coming from ... park? 30. He seems to be ... clever man. 31. He has ... uncle who is ... teacher at ... university. 32. Can you drive ... eighty kilometres ... hour? 33. ... weather was cold on ... day of his arrival. 34. He did not want to show ... anger he felt. 35. She had ... strange feeling that it was all wrong.
26. Translate into English.
1. Поблизости есть хороший итальянский ресторан. 2. Мне хотелось бы выпить чашку кофе. 3. Джейн — редактор. 4. Джек — редактор университетской газеты. 5. На столе — журнал. 6. Вы нашли журнал, который вы искали? 7. Вчера впервые я видел новый фильм. — Как вам понравился фильм? 8. Том собирается купить новый автомобиль.
9. Том собирается застраховать автомобиль. 10. Я читаю интересную книгу. 11. Книга, которую я читаю, на столе. 12. Светило солнце. 13. Линда — дочь известного адвоката.
14. "Вишневый сад" — пьеса Чехова. 15. Из-за плохой погоды в пятницу мы не смогли поехать в Кливленд. 16. Смиты купили новый дом. 17. Вы правы. Питание здесь могло бы быть лучше. 18. Она нам предложила еду и напитки. 19. Они каждое лето ездили в Альпы. 20. Сегодня вечером я уезжаю в Бостон. 21. Я вам показал часы, которые я купил в Швейцарии? 22. Вы не могли бы доставлять молоко ко мне на дом? 23. Молоко полезно для здоровья. 24. Цена на золото падает. 25. Золото — драгоценный металл.
26. Он окончил Колумбийский университет. 27. Студенческий городок Колумбийского университета находится на Вест Сайде. 28. Лондон — старый город. 29. В Лондоне много музеев. 30. Вы когда-нибудь были в Британском музее? 31. Всегда есть надежда.
32. Вчера впервые я слушал оперу "Риголетто", и музыка мне очень понравилась.
33. Я очень люблю музыку. 34. Я встретил сестру Нэнси. 35. В Гринвич Виллэдже много хороших ресторанов. 36. Поедем на Бродвейском автобусе. 37. Я жду Бродвейский автобус. 38. Мексика богата нефтью. 39. Париж — столица Франции. 40. Миссисипи — самая большая река в США. 41. Пит обычно ходит к зубному врачу раз — в год. 42. В прошлое воскресенье мы пошли на концерт джаза. — Вам понравился концерт? 43. У вас есть телефон? 44. Очень часто раздается телефонный звонок. 45. Моя жена у доктора.
46. Ученый был награжден Нобелевской премией. 47. Джек — хороший работник.
Adjectives and Adverbs
1. Circle the correct form in parentheses.
1. Rita plays the violin (good/well). 2. That is an (intense/intensely) novel. 3. The sun is shining (bright/brightly). 4. The girls speak (fluent/fluently) French. 5. The boys speak Spanish (fluent/fluently). 6. The table has a (smooth/smoothy) surface. 7. We must figure our income tax returns (accurate/accurately). 8. We don't like to drink (bitter/bitterly) tea.
9. The plane will arrive (soon/soonly). 10. He had an accident because he was driving too (fast/fastly).
2. Open the brackets. Use adjectives or adverbs.
Lan did not want to defend herself (public). She just walked away (sad) after the other students had called her a "gook", but when they could not see her, she started to cry (quiet). She had not expected such a (rude) word from them. She had been (nice) to them. She had not spoken (bad) of them or their country, although life here was very (hard) for her family. Why had they attacked her? For her it was (unimaginable) to be so (hard) on somebody. She asked herself, " Will we ever be able to live (happy) in their country?"
3. Put in the right forms. Alternatives are possible.
THE CHAMP
The two men were sitting at the bar. The one (near) ... to me was the (big) ... and (strong) ... man I have ever seen. The one (far) ... from me was the (small/little) ... and (weak) ... . They were having the (violent) ... argument I had ever heard. Suddenly
the little man said, "It's a case of the (small) ... brain in the world fitted into the (big) ... head!" They were his (last/latest) ... words. The little man didn't know what hit him as he fell to the floor. "When Shortie wakes up, tell him that was my (better/best) ... Karate chop," the big man told the barman as he left. The next evening, King Karate was at the bar as usual when Shortie crept quietly, swung his arm and the champ fell to the floor. "When Karate wakes up," Shortie said, "tell him it was my (oldest/eldest) ... Land Rover starting handle."
4. Write the missing words in the blanks. Several answers may be correct.
H. and C. arrive the home of E.'s family.
Mrs C.: Hello, Carlos and Hiroshi. Come in................... take your jackets?
H.: Yes......................This is a beautiful house.
C.: Yes, it's ................. than our apartment. I really like it, Mrs C.
Mrs C.: Well, thank you. But ............... call me Francine We've .................. formal here ......in some other families.
H.: Okay.............Ellen...............be here soon?
Mrs C.: Yes, ................... She .................. downstairs in a few minutes. Dinner ...... be ready................ soon ................ possible.
Ellen comes down and they all sit down to dinner.
Mrs C.: Carlos, ............have some roast beef?
Mr C.: And then ............... please pass it to me?
E,: What ............... give you to drink — beer, wine, cola, milk?
H.: .................. cola, please?
Mr C.: Well, Carlos, when...............graduate?
C.: ................
Mrs C.: What............do after that?
C.: ................
H.: Mmmm ............................ this roast beef is terrific. It's
..............................than in my favourite restaurant.
Mr C.: My wife cooks as .................. the famous chefs of Europe!
Mrs C.: Thank you, dear. I think we need ............ napkins. ................ get from the kitchen?
Mr Cline gets ............... napkins from the kitchen and brings them to the table.
Mrs C.\ Hiroshi, your plate is almost empty.................... you more vegetables?
H,\ No, thank you. But ................... salad?Mrs C.: Of course.
E.\ We're ........................... a great dessert next. Save room for it!
H.: Don't worry. I..................two servings of dessert!
Mrs C.: Well, I can offer you ............... carrot cake, ............apple pie, or.......... ice cream.
Mr C: I don't want ............... cake or pie tonight, dear. I'm ...............ice cream.
C.: I ............... have ............... cake.
H.: I want .................. cake, ............ pie, and ............... ice
cream!
Mr C.: (walking to the kitchen) How can he eat so ...............and stay so skinny?
5. Fill in the blank with the positive or comparative form of the word in parentheses. Add necessary words.
1. Is these ............... (comparative: advertising) in the USA.... in your country? Is it ................... (positive: effective)?
2. Are billboards ............... (positive: common) in your country ......... in the USA? Are they ........................ (comparative: attractive)?
3. Are newspapers in your language .................. (comparative: interesting) .................. newspapers in English? Are they..................... (comparative: expensive)?
4. Are there .................. (comparative: few ads) in newspapers in your country ...... in the USA? Are they ..............(comparative: small or big)?
5. Are records from your country ............... (positive: good) .................. records in the USA? Do teenagers play them ............. (positive: loudly)?
6. Are American TV commercials ............ (comparative: good) .................. commercials in your country? Do they appear ... (comparative: frequently)?
7. Is the media ............... (positive: important) in your country ......... in the USA?
6. Fill in the blanks.
WHICH APARTMENT IS BETTER
Donald and Gloria are looking for a place to live. Last week they saw an apartment on Grant Street that Donald liked very much. This week they're looking at an apartment on Brighton Boulevard that Gloria likes better.
Gloria: The living room in the Grant Street apartment is so
small, and this one is much (large) ................ Also, the kitchen
in the Grant Street apartment is so dark, and this one is much (light) ...................
Donald: That's true. But the Grant Street apartment is cheap, and this one is much (expensive) ...................
Gloria: No wonder! That's because the Grant Street apartment is old and ugly, and this one is much (new) ............... and
(pretty) ................ The Grant Street yard is so little, and this
yard is much (big) ......................
Donald: But don't you think the superintendent at the Brighton Boulevard apartment is a little lazy? I'm sure the Grant
Street superintendent is much (energetic) ............. And I think
the Brighton Boulevard landlord is stingy. The one on Grant Street is much (generous) ................
Gloria: You might be right. But Grant Street is so narrow
and dirty, and Brighton Boulevard is much (wide) ............... and
(clean) ...................
Donald: I agree. But the Brighton Boulevard neighbours are so unfriendly, and the Grant Street neighbours are much
(hospitable) ................ Don't you think that living on Brighton
Boulevard is going to be boring? I'm sure that living on Grant Street will be much (interesting) ................
Gloria: Hmm. What do you think we should do?
Donald: I don't know. I guess we should look at the apartment on School Street before we decide.
7. Select the correct form in parentheses in the following sentences.
1. Of the four dresses, I like the red one (better/best). 2. Phil is the (happier/happiest) person that we know. 3. Pat's car is (faster/fastest) than Dan's. 4. This the (creamier/creamiest) ice cream I have had in a long time. 5. This poster is (colourfuler/more colourful) than the one in the hall. 6. Does Fred feel (weller/better) today than he did yesterday? 7. This vegetable soup tastes very (good/well). 8. While trying to balance the baskets on her head, the woman walked (awkwarder/more awkwardly) than her daughter. 9. Jane is the (less/least) athletic of all the women. 10. My cat is the (prettier/prettiest) of the two. 11. This summary is (the better/the best) of the pair. 12. Your heritage is different (from/than) mine. 13. This painting is (less impressive/least impressive) than the one in the other gallery. 14. The colder the weather gets (sicker/the sicker) I feel. 15. No sooner had he received the letter (when/than) he called Maria.
16. A mink coat costs (twice more than/twice as much as) a sable coat. 17. Jim has as (little/few) opportunities to play tennis as I. 18. That recipe calls for (many/much) more sugar than mine does. 19. The museum is the (farther/farthest) away of the three buildings.
20. George Washington is (famouser/more famous) than John Jay.
8. Supply the correct form of the adjectives and adverbs in parentheses. Let as and than be your clues. Add any other words that may be necessary.
1. John and his friends left ............ (soon) as the professor had finished his lecture.
2. His job is ............... (important) than his friend's. 3. He plays the guitar.......... (well) as Andres Segoria. 4. A new house is much ................ (expensive) than the older one.
5. Last week was ......... (hot) as this week. 6. Martha is............. (talented) than her cousin.
7. Bill's descriptions are .........(colourful) than his wife's. 8. Nobody is............(happy) than Maria Elena. 9. The boys felt ......... (bad) than the girls about losing the game. 10. A grey hound runs .... (fast) than a chihuahua.
9. Supply than, as or from in each of the following sentences.
1. The Empire State Building is taller ............ the Statue of Liberty. 2. California is farther from New York............ Pennsylvania. 3. His assignment is different.........mine. 4. Louie reads more quickly............ her sister. 5. No animal is so big............King Kong. 6. That report is less impressive ......... the government's. 7. Saw wears the same shirt ...... his teammates.
8. Dave paints much more realistically.........his professor. 9. The twins have less money at the end of the month ......... they had at the beginning. 10. Her sports car is different ............Nancy's.
10. Put in so much, so many, so few or so little.
When I agreed to serve on the committee, I didn't realize there would be ............ meetings. They take up ......... of my time that I think I'm going to have to resign. The meetings are completely useless, anyway ... people put ............ energy into arguing for hours about things. They have ...... importance that they weren't worth discussing in the first place. And ...... of the committee members are actually the kind of people I really want to get to know. I'm sure I'll be ......... happier if I give it up.
11. Fill in blanks with other.
1. I got three letters. One was from my father. Another one was from my sister.......... letter was from my girlfriend. 2. Look at your hand. There is a total of five fingers. One is your thumb....... is your index finger....... one is your middle finger........ finger is your ring finger. And ......... finger (the last of the five) is your little finger. 3. Look at your hands. One is your right hand...................is your left. 4. I invited five people to my party. Out of those five people, only John and Mary can come.......... can't come. 5. I invited five people to my party. Out of those five people, only John and Mary can come..........people can't come. 6. I would like some more books on this subject. Do you have any.........that you could lend me? 7. I would like to read more about this subject. Do you have any ......... books that you could lend me? 8. There are many means of transportation. The aeroplane is one means of transportation. The train is ..........
9. There are many means of transportation. The aeroplane is one.......... are the train, the automobile, and the horse. 10. There are two women standing on the corner. One is Helen Jansen and ............ is Pat Hendricks. 11. Alice reads THE NEW YORK TIMES every day. She doesn't read any.........newspapers. 12. Some people prefer classical music, but ............ prefer rock music. 13. Mr. and Mrs. Jay are a happily couple. The love .......... They support..........They like .......... 14. He will graduate in .........two years. 15. I'm almost finished. I just need ......... five minutes.
12. Fill in the blanks with other.
1. One common preposition is from....... common one is in. ...... are by, for, and of. The most frequently used prepositions in English are at, by, for, from, in, of, to, and with. What are some ...... prepositions? 2. Two countries border on the United States. One is Canada....... is Mexico.
3. One of the countries I would like to visit is Sweden.......... is Mexico. Of course, besides these two countries, there are many ...... places I would like to see. 4. They have three children. One has graduated from college and has a job....... is in school at the University of Arkansas.......
is still living at home. 5. Thank you for inviting me to go on the picnic. I'd like to go with you, but I've already made ...... plans. 6. Most of the guests have already arrived, and I'm sure that all of......will be here soon. 7. Some people are tall; ...... are short. Some people are fat; ...... are thin. Some people are nearsighted; ......... people are far-sighted. 8. That country has two basic problems. One is inflation, and ..... is the instability of their government. 9. I have been in only three cities since I came to the United States. One is New York, and ......... are Washington, D.C., and Chicago. 10. When his alarm went off this morning, he shut it off, rolled over, and slept for.........twenty minutes. 11. Louis and I have been friends for a long time. We've known ......since we were children. 12. It's a long trip. I'm getting tired of riding in the car, but we still have ...... two hundred miles to go. 13. In just......three weeks, he will be a married man.
14. Prices continually rise. Next year a new car will cost ...... three or four hundred dollars.
13. Put in the missing adjectives and adverbs. Use the following words: beautiful, best (twice), careful, cheap, early, far, fast, full, hurried, important, last, new, past, quick, rapid, silly.
A SPLASH OF COLOUR
...... Thursday I had an ...... interview for a job. I got up ...
and dressed ... I put on my ... jacket and trousers, to look my ... I had to travel by train so I walked to the station which isn't ... from my house. I was walking quite ... when I saw a man just ahead painting his fence with red paint. He didn't notice me as I walked ... . Then he turned suddenly and splashed my ... trousers! He had acted ... and he apologized, but the damage was done. There was a big store on the corner, so I decided to buy a new pair ... . I could change on the train. I ... found a nice pair, which I bought quite ... . The shop was ... , so I paid ..., grabbed my shopping-bag and left. In the train, I went to the toilet to change. I took off my stained trousers and threw them out of the window. Then I opened the bag to get my ... ones, but all I found was a pink woollen sweater!
Pronoun
1. Choose the appropriate pronoun.
1. She wants to buy ... new cups. 2. The man wanted to get ... for his children as a year present. 3. Will .. help me to lift the box, please? 4. If you ever meet ... of them, give them my best regards. 5. If ... of these roses does not grow, we shall plant new ones. 6. Martin doesn't do ... wrong. 7. You must drink ... warm for breakfast. 8. ... of the guests asked us ... questions. , 9. ... of my friends are ready to help me. 10. Can you draw ... interesting? 11. She said it wasn't ... business but hers. 12. Rita likes ... music except jazz. 13 We must send ... for the flowers.
2. Choose the appropriate pronoun (something; someone, somebody, anything; anyone, anybody).
1. There is ... very pleasant in her voice. 2. Does ... of you want to speak on this topic?
3. We must ask ... to show us the way to the post-office. 4. We didn't meet ... near the river.
5. The tourists spoke simple English and ... of us could understand what they said 6. If you need ..., ask me, please. 7. He was never angry with ... 8. .. got up and said ... but he spoke so silently that we could hardly hear ... 9. ... writes it very witty. 10. Will ... help me?
11. Wouldn't you tell ... about your future plans. 12. She doesn't know ... of them. 13. The children can do . . useful in the garden.
3. Insert any, anybody, anything; every, everybody or everything:
I. He came here ... day. You can meet him here ... time between 6 and 9. 2. I told you ... I had to tell and there isn't ... else to say. 3. I shall do ... to help them. 4. His mother wanted to give ... she had for ... that might save his life. 5. This was a small town, where ... could tell you ... about ... . 6. There are lots of flowers in the market and you can choose ... colour you like. 7. The gardener seemed to know ... about ... of his flowers and he answered ... question.
4. Insert every, everybody, everything", each or either.
1. The guests shook hands and had a talk with ... of us. 2. The students were coming from the orchard, ... two of them carrying a basket of apples. 3. ... day he comes here and ... of us knows ... about him. 4. "Which of the two dictionaries would you prefer?" "... will do. Thank you." 5. There were nine-storied buildings on ... side of the square. 6. We shall get books for ... and give a copy to ... . 7. I can remember ... he told us about the war. 8. There are nice sunny rooms in the sanatorium and 3 or 4 people live in ... of them. 9. ... in our country has the right to work and rest.
5. Insert all, both or several.
1. We showed them ... pictures of our beautiful country. 2. There is a forest of fine birch-trees on ... banks of the river. 3. Not ... of them know our country. 4. ... wanted to see Sigulda.
5. ..., Jack and Tom were in Russia for the first time. 6. We had to repeat some songs ... times. 7. ... the guests were glad of what they had seen. 8. ... of them could sing. 9. ... boys had cameras with them and they took photographs.
6. Insert none, nobody, nothing or neither.
1. ... has happened. 2. John had read ... of the two novels I brought him. 3. It was dark and we could see ... . 4. She was looking for a map but there was ... in the book case. 5. ... was wrong.
6 Paul wrote two examples but . . was correct. 7. There was ... at the door when we entered.
8. She asked me for a photo but I had ... 9. There was ... at the booking-office. 10. ... of the two girls was good at swimming. 11. Is there a lake near their house? No, there is ... . 12. Ruth has seen ... of her two friends since last Tuesday. 13. There is ... at the window.14. He will buy ... today as the shops are already closed.
7. Supply anybody/anyone, nothing, nobody/no one, somebody/someone or something in these sentences.
1. There's ... in the clothes basket. It's empty. 2. Is there ... in the clothes basket. No, it's empty. 3. I've tried phoning, but every time I phone there's ... in. 4. I've prepared ... for dinner which you'll like very much. 5. I've never met ... who is as obstinate as you are. 6. Would you like ... to start with before you order the main course? 7. I know ... who can help you. 8. He sat at the table, but he didn't had ... to eat. 9. Is there ... here who can speak Japanese! 10. Does ... want a second helping?
8. Insert some or any, making the appropriate compounds if necessary.
1. There's ... milk in that jug. 2. She wanted ... stamps but there weren't ... in the machine.
3. I'm afraid there isn't ... coffee left; will you grind ... ? 4. Is there ... one here who speaks Italian? 5. I'd like to buy ... new clothes but I haven't ... money. 6. There's ... gin in the cupboard but there aren't ... glasses. 7. They can't have ... more strawberries; I want ... to make jam. 8. ... one I know told me ... of the details. 9. Have you ... idea who could have borrowed your bicycle? 10. I saw hardly ... one I knew at the party, and I didn't get ... thing to drink.
11. When would you like to come? — ... day would suit me. 12. Are there ... letters for me?
13. Don't let ... one in. I'm too busy to see ... body. 14. ... thing tells me you've got ... bad news for me.15. I can't see my glasses ... where 16. We didn't think he'd succeed but he managed ... how. 17. You're looking very miserable; has ... thing upset you? 18. If you had ... sense you wouldn't leave your car unlocked. 19. Scarcely ... one was wearing a dinner jacket. 20. ... one who believes what Jack says is a fool. 21. She put her handbag down ... where and now she can't find it. 22. Will you have ... pudding or ... fruit? 23. Haven't you got ... friends in Rome? I feel sure you mentioned them once. 24. Haven't you got ... friends here? You should join a club and get to know people. 25. I see you haven't ... maps. Would you like to borrow ... of mine?
26. ... one can tell you how to get there. (Everyone knows the way.) 27. Come and have supper with us if you aren't doing ... thing tonight. 28. I ... how imagined the house would be much larger. 29. All the salaries are being paid much later now; it's ... thing to do with the computer. 30. He lives ... where in Paris now. 31. You can't expect just ... student to solve the problem. It requires a mathematician. 32. He's not very well known here but he's ... one (an Important person) in his own country. 33. Where shall we sit? Oh, ... where will do. 34. Is there ... one moving about downstairs? I heard ... thing falling. 35. Is there ... one living in that house? It looks deserted. 36. Would you like ... thing to drink? There's ... very good beer in the fridge.
9. Supply some or any.
1. Are there ... more potatoes? Yes, there are ... potatoes in the dish. 2. Have we got ... sugar? I expect we have. Yes, there's . sugar in this bowl. 3. May I have ... more tea? Yes, of course.
4. ... people just don't know how to mind their own business. 5. I didn't get ... shoes at the sales. They were too expensive. 6. I think we've run out of sugar. Is there ... sugar in that bowl? No, three isn't. 7. There are never ... taxis when you want one. 8. There isn't ... point at all in getting upset about it.
10. Put in some, any or "—".
CAUSE FOR ALARM!
" ... children and ... grown-ups must do their best to keep the world clean," Mr Fox said to his class. "Sometimes we see .. rubbish in the streets and we must put the wrappings in the bin We must all work together so there's ... rubbish in the world. • Never throw .... plastic into the sea! There's ... tar on the beaches. There's ... oil in the sea. If we pour ... poison into our rivers fish die. This is called ... pollution. This weekend, see if you can find ... examples of pollution and write ... sentences about it." Jimmy looked very worried when he went home. On Monday, he handed in his composition. "Yesterday we had ... sardines for lunch. Mummy opened the tin, but all fish were dead and the tin was full of oil!"
11. Supply both or all. There is often more than one possibility.
1. ... tyres on my bicycle are flat. 2. ... people are mortal. 3. ... salt in this bag is damp. 4. ... drinking water must be pure. 5. ... windows in the house are open. 6. ... addresses in this list are out of date. 7. ... twins want to go to the party. 8. ... cars need regular servicing. 9. ... front legs of the chair are shaky. 10. ... earth and moon go round the sun.
12. Use all, everyone or everything in these sentences.
1. When the famous actress appeared, ... wanted to speak to her. 2. ... I invited came to my party. 3. I'm not buying anything, . . is too expensive. 4. ... those who know me can be sure I'm
telling the truth. 5. ... of us felt that it had been a wonderful experience, g stood up when the President came into the room. 7 talked about the elections, but I'm not sure they ... voted, g __. in the building was destroyed in the fire. Some of the objects were priceless. 9. I wouldn't help you for ... the tea in China! 10. How much do you want for ... in the shop?
13. Supply each or every in the following sentences. Sometimes both are possible.
1. Nearly ... home in the country has television. 2. Here is something for ... of you. 3. Not ... student is capable of learning English. 4. Our motoring organization will give you ... assistance
if you break down. 5. The admission ticket cost us £5.....6. They seem to be repairing ... road in the country. 7. ... road is clearly signposted. 8. There's a fire extinguisher on ... floor in the building. 9. ... floor in the building has its own fire extinguisher. 10. They are ... fortunate to have such a good start in life. 11. They both did well ... receive prizes. 12. You've been given ... opportunity to do well in this company. 13. I've phoned him twice, but he's been out on ... occasion. 14. I've been phoning him all week, but he's been out on ... occasion.
14. Supply either or neither.
1. When shall we meet: at 7 or at 7.30? I don't mind. ... time is convenient for me. 2. You can't use those screwdrivers. ... of them is suitable for the job. 3. I don't know who's on the phone. It's ... your mother or your aunt. 4. I met John a year ago, but I've ... seen him nor heard from him since. 5. Say what you like about those two applicants. I didn't like ... of them. 6. I know you sent us two letters, but we have received ... of them.
15. Put in one, either, others, other, the other or some.
HALT!
The ... day the Prime Minister appointed a new Minister of Transport. ... ministers like to travel everywhere by car; ... prefer to use public transport. ... of these means of transport is fine, but the new minister is ... of those who goes everywhere by bicycle. When he arrived at the House of Commons yesterday, he was stopped by two security guards. ... of them was sure he had seen him before. "I know you, don't I?" asked one of the guards.
"You're ... of these messengers, aren't you?" "Well, no, actually," the minister replied. "I'm ... of the ministers." "I knew you were ... or ... !" the guard replied.
16. Insert other, the other, others, the others, another.
1. I see only three magazines here. Where are ... ones? 2. Tom has lost his fountain pen. He must buy ... . 3. I can give you only this dictionary, I have got no ... . 4. Will you kindly give me ... copy of the magazines? 5. Jack is far better than any ... member of the team. 6. We were two groups. One group started work at 8 and ... group came at 10. 7. Six of them are mine; ... are John's. 8. She didn't listen to what ... said. 9. We shall speak about it some ... time.
10. You must do it ... way round. 11. Three of them will come tomorrow, ... have already finished their work.
17. Fill the blanks with the appropriate form of other.
1. This pen isn't working. Please give me ... . (singular) 2. If you're still thirsty, I'll make ... pot of coffee. 3. This dictionary has a page missing. Please give me ... . (the last one) 4. He does not need those books. He needs ... . (all the remaining) 5 There are thirty people in the room. Twenty are from Latin America and ... are from ... countries. 6. Six people were in the store. Two were buying meat; . was looking at magazines; ... was eating a candy bar. ... were walking around looking for more food (notice the verbs). 7. This glass of milk is sour. ... glass of milk is sour, too. 8. The army was practising its drills. One group was doing artillery practice. ... was marching; ... was at attention; and was practising combat tactics. 9. These are seven students from Japan. ... are from Iran, and ... are from ... places. 10. We looked at four cars today. The first two were far too expensive, but ... ones were reasonably priced.
18. Write the given sentences in the negative.
1. Both answers were correct. 2. There was somebody at the piano. 3 There is something unpleasant in his voice. 4. I want to speak to someone of them. 5. We heard something interesting there. 6. We saw somebody working on the road. 7. Something is be done for her.
19. Insert the appropriate relative pronoun if necessary.
1. The scientists ... came to Riga last summer visited the beauty-spot of Latvia. 2. He spoke of a man ... name was unknown to us. 3. They reached the main road ... leads to the station.
4. The girl ... mother is a pianist can sing very nicely. 5. The boy ... we were waiting for has come. 6. I know a man ... hobby is gardening. 7. The pupil ... was praised for his drawing is very talented. 8. The film ... they wanted to see was Russian made. 9. He is a man ... you can rely on.
20. Write the given attributive clauses in two possible ways.
1. This is the novel of which we were speaking. 2. These are men in whom you can trust.
3. These are the pencils for which he was looking. 4. The film of which they spoke was interesting. 5. The workers of who we are proud are from this factory. 6. Those were the innovators about whom we head. 7. The man to whom you wanted to talk is not present today.
21. Read the following passage and then do the exercises on it. In answers to questions, use a relative clause.
Example: Lucy was shaking the mat out the window of the flat. Tom happened to be passing underneath. Suddenly Lucy's baby gave a cry and she dropped the mat. It fell on Tom and knocked his hat off.
(a) What mat are we talking about?
The mat that/which Lucy dropped or
The mat that Lucy dropped or
The mat that fell on Tom's head.
(b) Who was Tom?
The man who was passing underneath or
The man (that/ whom )the mat fell on or
The man whose hat was knocked off.
I.Mr Black usually catches the 8.10 train. This is a fast train. Today he missed it. This annoyed him very much. He caught the 8.40. This is a slow train and doesn't reach London till 9.40. Mr White usually travels up with Mr Black. Today he caught the 8.10. as usual. Mr White normally borrows Mr Black's paper to read on the train. As Mr Black was not there today he borrowed a paper from another passenger, Mr Brown.
(a) What is the 8.10?
(b) What is the 8.40?
(c) Who is Mr White?
(d) Who is Mr Brown? (Connect him with Mr White.} Combine the following pairs of sentences into one sentence
(one for each pair) using relative pronouns:
(e) Mr Black usually catches the 8.10. This is a fast train.
(f) Today he missed the 8.10. This annoyed him very much.
(g) He caught the 8.40. This doesn't get in till 9.40.
2. Mr Penn has two umbrellas, a brown one and a black one. Today he took the black one but left it in the bus on his way to work. When he was putting on his coat after his day's work, he saw a dark blue umbrella hanging on the next hook and took it, thinking it was his. Actually it belonged to Mr Count.
(a) What was the brown umbrella?
(b) What was the black umbrella?
(c) What was the blue umbrella?
(d) Who was Mr Count? (Relate all your answers to Mr Penn.)
3. Jack and Tom both wanted to go to Malta for their holidays. Tom liked flying so he went to the Blue Skies Agency. They booked him a seat on a tourist flight. Jack hated flying. He went to the Blue Seas Agency. They booked him a berth on the MS Banana. Jack enjoyed his voyage on the MS Banana, especially as he met a very pretty girl on board. She was called Julia.
(a) What is Malta? (from the point of view of Jack and Tom)
(b) What is the Blue Skies Agency?
(c) What is the Blue Seas Agency?
(d) What is the MS Banana?
-(e) Who is Julia? (Relate all your answers to Jack or Tom or both.)
(f) Combine the second and third sentences in the passage into one sentence (Tom ... flight).
(g) Combine the next three sentences into one sentence.
4. George and Paul were working on Mr Jones's roof. When they stopped work at 6.00 they left their ladder leaning against the house. At 7.00 Bill, a burglar, passed and saw the ladder. The house was now empty as Mr and Mrs Jones were out playing cards with Mr and Mrs Smith. Bill climbed up the ladder, got in through a first-floor window and went straight to the main bedroom, where he opened a locked drawer with the help of a screwdriver and pocketed Mrs Jones's jewellery.
Just then Tom returned. Tom was a student. He lodged with Mr and Mrs Jones. Bill heard him coming. He climbed quickly out of the window, leaving his screwdriver on the floor.
(a) Who were George and Paul?
(b) Who was Bill?
(c) Who was Tom?
(d) Who was Mrs Jones? (Mention jewellery.)
(e) Who were Mr and Mrs Smith?
(f) What ladder are we talking about?
(g) What window are we talking about?
(h) What was the screwdriver found on the floor? (Connect it with Bill.) ,
(i) Combine into one sentence:
George and Paul were working on the roof. They left the ladder leaning against the house.
(j) Combine: Mr and Mrs Jones were out playing cards. They knew nothing of the burglary till they arrived home at 11.30.
(k) Combine: Bill's fingerprints were on the screwdriver. He was later caught by the police.
5. Ann is an au pair* girl. She works for Mr and Mrs Green, in Tunbridge Wells. One day Mrs Green unexpectedly gave Ann
* au pair (фр) — работать в семье с детьми за питание и жилье. Обычно работают студенты, не получая денег.
the day off. (She thought that Ann was looking rather tired.) So Ann rang up her boyfriend, Tom, and said "I'm coming up to London by the 12.10 from Tunbridge Wells. It gets into Charing Cross at 13.10. Could you meet me for lunch?"
"Yes, of course," said Tom, "I'll meet you at the station under the clock. We'll have lunch at the Intrepid Fox." Tom usually goes to the Intrepid Fox for lunch.
On the 12.10 Ann met a boy called Peter. Peter was attracted by Ann and asked her to have lunch with him. Ann explained that she was having lunch with Tom. "Well, I'll wait till he turns up," said Peter. So Peter and Ann waited under a clock, with another passenger, Mary, who had come up to meet a boy called Paul.
Meanwhile Tom was waiting under another clock. When Ann didn't turn up he thought she'd missed the train, and asked a porter about the next train from Tunbridge Wells. "The next train leaves Tunbridge Wells at 12.30," he said, "and gets in at 13.40. The next one gets in at 14.30." Tom met the 12.30. but Ann wasn't on it. He couldn't meet the next train because he had to be back at work by 14.00. So he walked slowly towards the exit, wondering what had happened. Luckily the exit was almost directly under the other clock so he met Ann after all.
(a) Who are the Greens?
(b) What was the 12.10 from Tunbridge Wells?
(c) What was the 12.30? (Connect it with Tom.)
(d) Who was Peter? (Connect him with Ann.)
(e) Who was Paul?
(f) What is the Intrepid Fox? (Connect it with Tom.)
(g) Combine: Mrs Green thought Ann looked tired. She gave her the day off.
(h) Combine: Peter hated eating by himself. He hoped to have lunch with Ann.
(i) Combine: Tom had only an hour for lunch. He couldn't wait any longer.
(j) Combine: Mary's boyfriend didn't turn up. She ended by having lunch with Peter.
(k) Combine: Tom and Ann wasted half an hour at the station. This meant that they hadn't time for a proper lunch.
(1) Combine: Tom and Ann very nearly missed one another. This shows that you should never arrange to meet under a clock.
22. Combine the following pairs or groups of sentences by means of relative pronouns, making any changes necessary.
1. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it (Thank you very much for ...) 2. She was dancing with a student. He had a slight limp. (two ways) 3. I am looking after some children. They are terribly spoilt. (two ways) 4. The bed has no mattress. I sleep on this bed (The bed I...) 5. Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other. 6. There wasn't any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from this box. 7. This is Mrs Jones. Her son won the championship last year. 8. I was sitting in a chair. It suddenly collapsed. (The chair ...) 9. Mr Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come specially to see him. 10. The man was sitting at the desk. I had come to see this man. 11. I missed the train. I usually catch this train. And I had to travel on the next. This was a slow train. (Make into one sentence.) 12. His girlfriend turned out to be an enemy spy. He trusted her absolutely. 13. The car had bad brakes. We were in this car. And the man didn't know the way. This man was driving. (Make into one sentence.) 14. This is the story of a man. His wife suddenly loses her memory. 15. We'll have to get across the frontier. This will be difficult. 16. A man brought in a small girl. Her hand had been cut by flying glass. 17. The car crashed into a queue of people. Four of them were killed. 18. The roads were crowded with refugees. Many of them were wounded. 19. I was waiting for a man. He didn't turn up. (The man ...) 20. Tom came to the party in patched jeans. This surprised the other guests. Most of the other guests were wearing evening dress. 21. The firm is sending me to York. I work for this firm. (The firm ...) 22. The Smiths were given rooms in the hotel. Their house had been destroyed in the explosion. 23. I saw several houses. Most of them were quite unsuitable. 24. He wanted to came at 2 a.m. This didn't suit me at all. 25. This is a story of a group of boys. Their plane crashed on an uninhabited island. 26. They tie up parcels with string. This is so weak that the parcel usually comes to pieces before you get it home. (The string ...) 27. He introduced me to his students. Most of them were from abroad. 28. He expected me to pay £2 for 12 eggs. Four of the eggs were broken. 29. He spoke in French. But the people didn't know French. He was speaking to these people. (Combine these last two sentences only.) 30. The boy was a philosophy student and wanted to sit up half the night discussing philosophy. Peter shared a flat with this boy. (two ways) 31. They gave me four very bad tyres. One of them burst before I had driven four miles.
32. She climbed to the top of the Monument to see the wonderful view. She had been told about this view. 33. I was given this address by a man. I met this man on a train. 34. The bar was so noisy that I couldn't hear the person at the other end of the line. I was telephoning from this bar. 35. A man answered the phone. He said Tom was out. 36. The horse kept stopping to eat grass. I was on the horse. This (his continual stopping) annoyed the riding instructor.
23. Combine the following pairs or groups of sentences, using relative pronouns.
1. Tom had been driving all day. He was tired and wanted to stop 2. Ann had been sleeping in the back of the car. She felt quite fresh and wanted to go on. 3. Paul wanted to take the mountain road. His tyres were nearly new. 4. Jack's tyres were very old. He wanted to stick to the tarred road. 5. Mary didn't know anything about mountains. She thought it would be quite safe to climb alone. 6. He gave orders to the manager. The manager passed them on to the foreman. 7. She said that the men were thieves. This turned out to be true. 8. The matter was reported to the Chief of Police. He ordered us all to be arrested. 9. In prison they fed us on dry bread. Most of it was mouldy. 10. We slept in the same room as a handcuffed prisoner. His handcuffs rattled every time he moved. 11. We lit a fire. It soon dried out our clothes. 12. They rowed across the Atlantic. This had never been done before. 13. The lorry crashed into a bus-load of schoolchildren. Six of them were slightly injured. 14. She refuses to use machines. This makes her work more arduous. 15. I met Mary. She asked me to give you this. 16. The women prayed aloud all night. This kept us awake. 17. The river bed is uneven and you may be in shallow water one moment and in deep water the next. This makes it unsafe for ' non-swimmers. 18. Mary said that there should be a notice up warning people. Mary's children couldn't swim. 19. Ann said that there were far too many notices. Ann's children could swim very well. 20. He paid me £5 for cleaning ten windows. Most of them hadn't been cleaned for at least a year. 21. Jack, the goalkeeper, and Tom, one of the backs, were injured in last Saturday's match. Jack's injuries were very slight. He is being allowed to play in today's match. This is a good thing because the team 22. But Tom's leg is still in bandages. He will have to watch the match from the stand. 23. Mr White didn't get a seat on his train this morning. This put him in a bad temper, and caused him to be very rude to his junior partner. The junior partner in turn was rude to the chief clerk; and so on all the way down to the office boy.
24. On Monday Tom's boss suddenly asked for a report on the previous week's figures. Tom had a hangover. He felt too sick to work fast. (Combine the last two sentences only.}
25. His boss didn't drink. He saw what was the matter and wasn't sympathetic.
26. In the afternoon he rang Tom and asked why the report still hadn't arrived. The report should have been on his desk by 2 o'clock.
27. Tom's headache was now much worse. He just put the receiver down without answering. This was just as well, as if he'd said anything he would have been very rude.
28. Fortunately Ann, the typist, came to Tom's assistance. Ann rather liked Tom.
29. Even so the report took three hours. It should have taken an hour and a half.
30. I went to Munich. I had always wanted to visit Munich.
31. "Hello, Paul," said Mr Jones to the headwaiter. The headwaiter's name was Tom, He said "Good evening, sir," without any sign of recognition. This disappointed Mr Jones. Mr Jones liked to be recognized by headwaiters. (Omit the first sentence.)
32. And this time he was with Lucy. He was particularly anxious to impress Lucy.
24. Fill the gaps in the following sentences by using either what or which. (When which is used it should be preceded by a comma which the student must insert for himself.)
1. He didn't believe ... I said ... annoyed me very much. 2. In detective stories the murderer is always caught ... doesn't happen in real life. 3. He wasn't surprised at ... he saw because I told him ... to expect. 4. In hospitals they wake patients at 6 a.m. ... is much too early. 5. There was no directory in the first telephone box ... meant that I had to go to another one. 6. I did ... I could ... wasn't much. 7. The clock struck thirteen ... made everyone laugh. 8. I am sure that ... you say is true. 9. We travelled second class ... is cheaper than first class but more crowded.
10. He didn't know the language ... made it difficult for him to get a job. 11. People whose names begin with A always get taken first ... is most unfair. 12. He played the violin all night ... annoyed the neighbours. 13. When the mechanic opened the bonnet he saw at once ... was wrong with the car. 14. I didn't buy anything because I didn't see ... I wanted. 15. They sang as they marched ... helped them to forget how tired they were. 16. I saw a coat marked down to £10 ... was just ... I was prepared to pay. 17. He was very rude to the customs officer ... of course made things worse. 18. Show me ... you've got in your hand. 19. Tell me ... you want me to do. 20. The frogs croaked all night ... kept us awake. 21. All the roads were blocked by snow ... meant that help could not reach us till the following spring. 22. You needn't think you were unobserved! I saw ... you did! 23. She was once bitten by a monkey ... made her dislike monkeys for the rest of her life. 24. Some dairies have given up electric milk floats and gone back to horsedrawn vehicles ... shows that the horse still has a place in modern transport.
25. She expects me to clean the house in half an hour ... is impossible. 26. He poured water on the burning oil stove ... was a crazy thing to do. 27. Would you know ... to do if you were bitten by a snake?
Prepositions. Phrasal Verbs
1. Supply the missing prepositions.
"THE PROPHECY"
People who live ... California have every reason to be afraid of earthquakes. No one has ever forgotten the great quake that destroyed San Francisco ... 1906. ... May, 1988, the people of Los Angeles panicked. According to a prophecy made ... the 16th century by a prophet called Nostradamus, the city would be destroyed early ... 1988. During this panic, parents didn't send their children ... school and people didn't go ... work. No one stayed ... home, either. The airlines did great business carrying people who fled ... their "doomed city". Which is more puzzling: how Nostradamus knew that a city which didn't even exist ... his time would be destroyed ... the 20th century, or the behaviour of the people who believed "the prophecy"?
2. Can you put in the right prepositions?
1. The Phoenicians travelled right round Africa ... small boats. 2. The journey was planned ... Necho ... 600 BC. 3. He was interested ... finding a sea route ... the Red Sea ... the Mediterranean. 4. ... those days, nobody knew how big Africa was. 5. The Phoenicians lived ... the eastern end ... the Mediterranean. 6. They set off ... the beginning of winter. 7. Month ... month went by; they were amazed to see that the sun was now ... the north ... midday. 8. ... six months the coast turned west. 9. While they were sailing ... the west coast of Africa they ran out ... food. 10. It took eighteen months ... them to reach Morocco. 11. They had been away ... over two years. 12. Nicolo and Maffeo Polo stayed in China ... a long time. 13. Marco kept a diary ... his experiences. 14. They landed ... the Turkish coast. 15. They rode ... Iran, Afghanistan and Mongolia. 16. Marco's illness delayed them ... a year. 17. ... the way they saw wonderful things which were unknown ... Europe. 18. They saw a liquid that came ...... the ground and could
be used ... fuel. 19. ... 1275 they arrived ... China. 20. Marco was amazed to find a country that was far more civilised ... Italy. 21. ... his diary he described cities ... Hahgzhou. 22. There were bridges high enough ... ship to go ... . 23. The emperor took a special interest ... Marco.
24. When they arrived back ... Italy, they told their friends ... their experiences. 25. Nobody would believe their stories ... the strange countries ... the east.
3. Put in the right prepositions.
A.: How long have you been waiting in this queue?
В.: .... ten o'clock. How about you?
A.: ... about 45 minutes.
C.: Next please. May I see your paper? Thank you. Oh dear, you haven't got your birth certificate. You'll have to come back. Can you be here ... 3.45 p.m. ... Monday?
В.: That's very difficult. I work ... the afternoon. Could we possibly make it ... the morning?
C.: How about 10.15 ... Tuesday?
В.: I can't manage Tuesday. Suppose I could get my birth certificate to you before you close this morning? When do you close?
C.: We'll be closing for lunch ... about 45 minutes. But we're open this afternoon ... 2.00 ... 5.30.
B. I'll try to get back ... one.
C. Fine, just come straight up to this window.
B. Thank you.
C. Not at all. Next please.
hasn't got another goalkeeper. (Combine the last three sentences only.)
A. I've come to get a certificate for my mother. I think her records are here.
C: When was she born?
A: ... 1916. August 16th.
C: Oh, that's all right then. You see, we have the files up to 1950, but all of the files ... 1950 have been computerised.
A: That's a relief. I've got off work specially to come down and sort this out.
C: Just fill in this form and I'll have your certificate ready ... about 15 minutes.
A.: Thank you very much.
4. Fill in the blanks.
1. Drive ... Cirencester, but turn off before you get there; watch for the sigh that says "Lepton & "The Lamberts", to the left. 2. Let's just climb ... the wall — otherwise we'll have to walk miles.
3. I'm always a bit afraid of falling ... these stairs ... they're really not very safe. 4. You can see ... the hedge now, but in the summer it makes a solid green wall. 5. Everyone else in the compartment got ... the tram at Dundee, so I was alone for the last part of the journey.
6. We carried out cameras and binoculars all the way ... the mountain, and then it was so misty we couldn't see a thing. 7. You remember I was telling you about my old school friend Chris last week? Well, I saw him walk ... one of the buildings across the street from my office today! He noticed me at the same time and crossed the street to say hello.
8. It will be easier to sweep and mop in here if we put the chairs ... the tables first.
9. I didn't know which door she would be coming out of, so I walked ... the building several times.
5. Insert suitable prepositions in the following.
1. Could I speak ... Tom, please? ~ I'm afraid Tom's ... work. But Jack's ... . Would you like to speak ... him? 2. How do I get ... the air terminal? ~ Turn right ... the end of this street and you'll see it ... front of you. 3. He started going ... school ... the age of five So now he's been ... school for ten years. He's leaving ... the end of this year. 4. He goes .. his office every day except Sunday. On Sundays he stays ... home and works ... the garden. 5. I think I left my umbrella ... the bus. I'd better write ... the Lost Property Office. 6. We arrived ... the airport ... good time for the plane. 7. Can I look up a word ... your dictionary? I left mine ... home.
8. Our train arrived ... York ... 6.30. Paul met us ... the station. 9. Have you been ... the theatre recently? ~ Yes, I was .. the Old Vic last night. 10. I'm returning ... France ... the end of this term. ~ Are you coming back ... England after the holidays? 11. He isn't living ... home now, but if you write ... his home they'll forward the letter ... his new address. 12. I went ... bed early but I couldn't get ... sleep because the people ... the next room were talking so loudly. 13. ... first I found the work very tiring, but ... a few weeks I got used ... it. 14. There was an accident ... the cross-roads ... midnight last night. Two men were taken ... hospital. I believe one of them is still . . hospital. 15. ... the daytime the streets are crowded but ... night they are quite deserted.
16. ... first her father refused to allow her to go back ... work; but .. the end he agreed. 17. ... the beginning of a textbook there is a preface, and ... the end there is an index. 18. He went ... sea ... 18, and spent all his working life ... sea. He retired ... 56 and went to live ... the country. 19 I saw Tom ... the bus stop this morning but couldn't speak .. him because we were standing ... a queue and he was ... the front of it and I was ... the back. 20 I'll leave some sandwiches ... the fridge in case you are hungry when you come in. 21. We'd better start ... six, because climbing up ... the gallery takes some time. I hope you don't mind sitting ... the gallery No, of course not. When I go ... the opera I always go ... the gallery. 22. He is always ... a hurry. He drives ... a tremendous speed. 23. When he began speaking ... English, she looked ... him .. amazement. 24. Write ... ink and put your name ... the top of the page. 25. We start serving breakfast ... 7.30. Shall I send yours up ... your room, or will you have it ... the restaurant? 26. He's always ... a bad temper ... breakfast time. 27. According ... the guidebook there are three hotels ... the town. 28. The pilot climbed ... 5,000 metres and flew ... that height till he got ... the coast. Then he came down ... 1,000 metres and began to take photographs.
29. I'm interested ... chess but I'm not very good ... it. 30. Who is the girl ... the blue dress, sitting ... the head of the table? 31. I couldn't offer him a room ... my flat because ... that time my mother-in-law was staying with us. 32. The train stopped ... all the stations, and long before we got ... London every seat was taken and people were standing ... the corridors.
33. Shall we discuss it ... my room, or shall I come ... your office? 34. ... my astonishment I was the only person ... the bar. Everyone else had gone ... the Casino. 35. The Loch Ness Monster is supposed to live ... the bottom of the Loch and come ... the surface from time ... time.
36. You can't say that he lives ... luxury. There's hardly any furniture ... his room. He hasn't even got a desk to write ... .
6. Fill the gaps in the following sentences, use the following at, by, in, into, of, off, on, out (of), to, under, with.
1. I'm going to Bath ... Monday ... Tom. Would you like to come ... us? ~ Are you going ... bus? ~ No, we're going ... Tom's car. 2. I saw him standing ... the queue but I don't know whether he got ... the bus or not. 3. How do you go ... school? ~ It depends ... the weather. ... wet days I go ... tube; ... fine .' weather I go ... foot. 4. The car stopped ... the traffic lights and wouldn't start '' again, so the driver got ... and pushed it ... the side ... the road. 5 Someone threw a stone ... the speaker. It hit him ... the |head and knocked his glasses ... . 6. I want to post this ... a friend ... Italy. Will he have to pay |duty ... it? 7. According ... Tom, it is impossible to live ... Paris ... less than £10,000 a year. 8. Are you ... your own (alone)'? ~ No, I'm ... a friend ... mine.
9. You ought to be ashamed ... yourself for coming ... my nice clean kitchen ... muddy boots.
10 Children get presents ... Christmas and ... their birthdays. 11. How would we get ... (escape from) this room if the hotel were ... fire? 12. He arrived ... London ... 6 p.m. ... a foggy November day. We often have fogs ... November. 13. The man ... his back ... the camera is the Minister ... Agriculture. 14. How do I get ... the Public Library? ~ Go ... the end ... this street and turn right; turn left ... the next traffic lights and then take the second turning ... your right. This will bring you ... Brook Street, and you'll find the library ... your left. 15. Alternatively you could get a 14 bus ... this stop and ask the conductor to tell you where to get ... (alight). 16. The boy was leaning against the wall ... his hands ... his pockets. "Take your hands ...... your pockets," said his father sharply. 17. As she was getting ...... the car one ... her buttons fell ... . Although we were ... a hurry she insisted ... stopping to look for it. 18. Mr Jones is very keen ... punctuality. His lessons start dead ... time and you get ... terrible trouble if you're late. 19. The man ... the pipe and red hair is the brother ... the girl ... blue. 20. Don't leave your luggage ... the corridor. It'll be ... everyone's way. Bring it ... the compartment and put it ... the rack.
21. He sits ... his desk all day ... his head ... his hands. It gets ... my nerves. 22. ... mistake I opened Mary's letter instead ... my own. She was very angry ... me and said that I'd done it ... purpose. 23. I buy a newspaper ... my way ... the station and read it ... the train. By the time I get ... London I've read most ... it. 24. He was charged ... driving while ... the influence ... alcohol. 25. People who drop litter ... the pavements are liable ... a fine ... £50. 26. He accused me ... selling secret information ... the enemy. 27. You look worried. Are you ... some sort ... trouble? ~ Yes, ... a way. I'm ... debt and my creditors want to be paid ... the end ... of month, and ... the moment I haven't any money ... the bank. 28. The car skidded ... the tree, the windscreen was smashed and the driver was cut ... the face ... splinters ... glass. 29. Four people were injured ... the demonstration. Three ... them are students ... the university, the fourth is here ... holiday. That's him over there ... his arm ... plaster. 30. This picture was painted ... Picasso; and there's another Picasso ... the opposite wall. 31. The horse stopped suddenly and the rider fell ... . He couldn't get ... again without help and there was no one ... sight. 32. The children hastily changed ... bathing things and jumped ... the river ... shouts of delight. 33. We'll have to go ... car; we can't go ... bus ... account ... the bus strike.
34. Divers breathing a mixture ... helium and oxygen can work ... a depth ... 100 metres.
35 I'm tired ... working ... the suburbs and I've asked to be transferred ... our central branch.
36. Can I have Monday ... ? or Can I have a holiday ... Monday? I want to go ... my grandson's wedding.
7. Insert suitable words, use the following at, by, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, since, till, under, with.
1. I've lived ... this street ... ten years. 2. He has lived ... 101 Cornwall Gardens ... 1966. 3. ... the age ... 18 he was sent to prison ... theft. 4. He was ... prison ... two years. ... that time he became interested ... pigeons. 5. There is a parcel of books ... you ... the table ... the hall. ~
Oh, they must be ... my brother. He always sends me books ... my birthday. 6. We heard that Bill wasn't ... arrest but was helping the police ... their enquiries. The police are interested ... a bank robbery which took place ... Bill's last holidays. 7. Much Ado About Nothing is ... Shakespeare, and you'll find more ... his plays ... the bookcase ... the corner. 8. As the child was too young to travel ... herself, they arranged ... her to travel ... the care ... a friend of the family. 9. Have you head ... John ... his return? ~ Yes, I had a letter ... Monday. He's thinking ... going back ... America. 10. He was ill ... a week and ... that week his wife never left his side.
11. Aren't you coming ... us? ~ No, I'm waiting ... Tom. ~ But he won't be ready ... some time. ~ I'm not ... a hurry. I'll wait till he's ready. 12. I'm very sorry ... being late. It was good ... you to wait ... me. 13. Passengers may leave bulky articles ... the stairs ... the conductor's permission, but the bus company will not be responsible ... such articles. 14. Remember to be ... good time ... the opera because if you're late they won't let you ......the end ... the act. 15 I want two seats ... Romeo and Juliet ... Friday night. 16. ... spite ... the heat he refused to take ... his coat.
17. He was wounded ... the shoulder ... a bullet fired ... an upstairs window. 18. While ... their way from the coast ... the mountains they were attacked ... a jaguar. 19. What platform does the train ... York leave ...? ~ Platform 8, and you'd better hurry. It'll be leaving ... a minute.
20. He invited me to dinner ... his club and ... the meal he asked me ... advice about his investments. 21. He's not independent ... any means. He depends ... his father ... everything.
22. He has a picture ... Picasso (Picasso painted the picture) and he can't decide whether to hang it ... the hall ... the right as you come ... or ... the sitting room ... the fireplace. 23. I'm tired ... hearing about Tom and his Picasso. He can hang it ... his garage ... all I care! 24. He said he was ... debt and asked me ... a loan ... £50. 25. What's the cheapest way ... getting ... London ... Edinburgh? ~ Well, you could hitch hike there ... next ... nothing, or you could go ... coach ... about £20. 26. I was horrified ... his appearance. He looked as if he hadn't slept ... weeks.
27. When he gets back ... the office he expects his wife to meet him ... the door ... his slippers, and have a hot meal waiting ... him. 28. Yesterday the children went ... a walk and didn't get back ... 10 p.m. Their mother was furious ... them ... coming in so late. 29. Passengers who get ... or ... a bus (i.e. who board or leave it) except ... the official stops do so ... their own risk.
30. The rows are lettered ... A to T, beginning ... the row nearest the stage. So if Tom is sitting ... B26, and Jack is sitting ... C26, Tom will be directly ... front ... Jack. 31. What's the best way ... cooking a lobster? ~ Cook it ... boiling salted water, and serve it cold ... mayonnaise. 32. He was fined ... parking his car ... a no-parking area. 33. He opened the door ... a rusty key and went down the steps ... the cellar, followed by Bill ... a torch. 34. The adults worked ... 6 a.m. to 6 p.m., ... an hour ... lunch. Boys ... 18 were not supposed to start ... 8 a.m. (earlier than 8 a.m.) 35. He died ... heart failure ... Tuesday night. His wife is still suffering ... shock. 36. The house is ... fire! Send ... the Fire Brigade!
8. Insert a suitable word in the following sentences.
1. He insisted ... seeing the documents. 2. They succeeded ... escaping ... the burning house.
3. I am not interested ... anything that happened ... the very remote past. 4. The children are very fond ... swimming. ... summer they spend most ... their time ... the water. 5. How are you getting ... at school? ~ I'm getting ... all right except ... English. I'm very bad ... English; I'll have to work harder ... it, and spend more time ... it. 6. Paul goes ... school ... you, doesn't he? How's he getting ...... his English? or How's his English getting ... ? ~ 7. I don't know. We're not ... the same class. But he gets ... ... the other students all right. He has heaps ... friends. 8. There is no point ... going ... car if we can't park near the theatre. 9. She made a point ... coming late so that everyone would look ... her. 10. It never occurred ... me to ask him ... proof ... his identity.
11. ... first, driving on the left is confusing, but you'll soon get used ... it. 12. I've heard such a lot ... him that I'm looking forward ... seeing him very much. 13. He was so absorbed ... his work that when I came ..., he didn't even look ... (raise his head} 14. I'm sorry ... Tom. (/ pity him.) He was worked ... Brown and Company ... ten years and now the firm has been taken ... by Jones Ltd, and they're going to dismiss him. 15 I'm sorry ... being late ... Monday. Or I'm sorry ... Monday. 16. The complete set ... books can be ordered ... £10 ... Jones and Company. (Jones and Company will send them to you if you write enclosing £10.) 17. I'm waiting ... my friend. He'll be here ... a moment. 18. I see ... today's paper that you need a secretary ... a knowledge of French. I should like to apply ... the post. 19. You can't rely ... him. He's almost always late ... appointments. 20. If you do not comply ... the traffic regulations you will get ... trouble ... the police. 21. Wine is good ... you, but it is expensive ... England because there is a fairy high tax ... it. 22. ... fairy stories, stepmothers are always unkind ... their stepchildren; but my stepmother has always been very good ... me. 23. He was so infuriated ... the play that he walked ... (left the theatre) ... the middle ... the first act. 24. My au pair girl takes car ... my little boys (looks ... them) ... the afternoons. She's very good ... children. (She can manage them well.) 25. He threw stones ... his attackers, trying to drive them ... . 26. I threw the ball ... Peter, but instead ... throwing it back ... me, he ran ... and hit it. 27. I object ... being kept waiting. Why can't you be ... time. 28. "... accordance ... the wishes ... my people," the president said, "I am retiring ... public life." 29. This regulation doesn't apply ... you. You are ... (less than) 18.
30. I'm not exactly keen ... cooking; but I prefer it ... washing up.(Washing up is worse than cooking.) 31. I was so afraid ... missing the train that I took a taxi ... the station. 32. What ... taking the day ... and spending it ... the seaside? 33. I don't object ... lending you my pen, but wouldn't it be better if you had a pen ... your own? 34. Don't ask the office ... information. I will provide you ... all the information you need. 35. I disapprove ... people who make all sorts ... promises which they have no intention ... keeping. 36. I was ... the impression that I had paid you ... the work you did ... me.
9. Insert a preposition if necessary. Choose from at, by, for, in, of, on, past, till/until, to, with.
1. He asked ... his father ... money. 2. They paid ... me ... the books. 3. I thought he would offer ... Ann the job, but he offered it ... me. 4. Keep ... me a place, and keep a place ... Ann too. 5. They showed ... us photographs ... their baby. 6. Buying presents ... children is sometimes very difficult. ... the end I bought a kite ... Tom and a torch ... Ann. 7. Pass the salt ... your father, Peter, and pass ... me the pepper, please. 8. When you have lunch ... a restaurant, who pays ... the bill? ~ Oh, each ... us pays ... what he has had. 9. Paul's a pianist. He sometimes plays ... us ... the evening. Last night he played some Chopin. 10. I think I'll be able to find ... Ann a job. ~ Could you find a job ... me, too? 11. He sold the picture ... an American dealer ... £5,000. 12. He promised ... us a share ... the profits. 13. He built a very nice house ... Jack ... only £50,000. I wonder what sort ... house he would build ... me ... £30,000. 14. She is knitting socks ... refugees. I wish she'd knit ... me some socks. 15. Sitting ... the floor isn't exactly comfortable. Throw ... me a cushion, please, Ann. 16. If you are going ... the Post Office, could you buy ... me a book ... stamps? 17. If you write ... me a song I'll sing it ... the school concert. .I'll get Paul to accompany ... me ... the guitar. 18. Could you lend ... us your lawnmower, please? ~ I'm afraid you'll have to ask ... someone else to lend ... you one. We've lent ours ... Mr Jones and he always keeps it ... ages. 19. I thought you'd be late ... dinner, so I ordered some sandwiches ... you; they're ... the bar. I haven't paid ... them: you can pay ... the barman. 20. I explained ... him that it was the custom ... England to wash one's car at the weekend. 21. I described the machine ... him and asked ... him if he could make ... me one like it. 22. Shejold ... us that she'd been attacked ... the street. We asked ... her to describe her attacker and she said he was a tall man ... a limp. 23. He told ... them to wait ... him ... the bridge. 24. I cannot repeat ... you what she said ... me ... confidence. 25. The headmaster warned ... me to work harder. What did he say ... you, Jack? 26. He advised ... the strikers to go back ... work. They received his advice ... shouts ... contempt. 27. They don't allow ... you to smoke ... cinemas ... France. 28. He told lies ... the police. ~ I'm not surprised. He told ... me a pack ... lies yesterday. 29. This film reminds ... me ... my childhood.
30. I rely ... you to remind ... me to pay Jack ... the books he bought ... me. 31. We must try to get ... home ... time ... tea. 32. We didn't reach Berlin ... after dark, and had some difficulty ... finding our hotel. 33. If we say "The manager showed ... us to our room," we mean that he led .. us ... the door. If we say, "He showed ... us the room," we mean that he entered ... the room ... us. 34. I read ... him the report. He listened ... me ... amazement. 35. He ordered ... us to give ... him all the maps ... our possession. 36. He suggested ... me that we should offer to pay .. her .. dollars.
10. Insert till, until, to where appropriate.
1. Go on ... the crossroads. 2. Go on ... you see a church on your right. 3. We work from 9 a.m. ... 6 p.m. 4. Start now and go on ... I tell you to stop. 5. I'm going to wait . . it stops raining.
6. You'll have to stay in bed ... your temperature goes down. 7. The library is open from 10 ... 4 o'clock. 8. This train goes ... York. 9. We have lunch from 12.00 ... 1.00. Then we start again and go on ... 5.30. 10. Go back ... the hotel and wait there ... I call for you. 11. I'm not going for a walk, I'm only going ... the bank. ~ Then you'd better wait ... the bank opens. 12. If you're going ... the Post Office would you post a letter for me? ~ Yes, of course; but it won't go ... tomorrow.
11. Insert for or since.
1. It's a long time ... I had a good meal. Or I haven't had a good meal ... ages. 2. I've been waiting for Tom ... 6.00; I wonder if he's lost his way. 3. Ever ... his accident he's been afraid of flying. 4. I haven't seen Tom ... we left school. 5. The astronauts have already been in orbit ... two days. 6. ... last year the noise has become very much worse. 7. I've had this toothache ... the last week. 8. Her husband died last year, and ... then she has been supporting the family. Or She's been supporting the family ... the last year. 9. It's three years ... I did any skiing. Or I haven't done any skiing ... three years. 10. The windows haven't been cleaned ... weeks.
11. He has been missing ... 48 hours. 12. ... last year we haven't been allowed to park here.
12. Insert then, after, or afterwards.
1. We had tea and ... went for a walk. Or ... tea we went for a walk. 2. We'll have watercress soup to start with. What would you like ... that? 3. ... waiting for half an hour he went home in disgust ... (later on) he was sorry he hadn't waited longer. 4. I give all the guests breakfast; ... I have my own. 5. First you loosen the nuts, ... you jack up the car, ... you take the wheel off
6. He listened at the keyhole for a minute; ... he opened the door cautiously. 7 University administrators sometimes appear more important than scholars; but the administrators will not be remembered ... their death. 8 "Put your toys away," said his mother, "and ... we'll have tea "
9 In the story, the Princess married the Prince and they lived happily ever ... . 10. He wound up the clock, set the alarm for 5.00, ... got into bed and fell asleep. 11. He poured the brandy into a glass, warmed it in his hands a little, ... drank it slowly. 12. L covered the pudding with cream and decorated it with cherries. ~And ... ? ~ . . we are it, of course. 13. For years ... people remembered that terrible night. 14. I spoke angrily; ... (some time later) I regretted my words. 15. He looked round to see that nobody was watching; ... he took a piece of bent wire and began trying to open door. 16. First you say "Yes", and ... you say "No". You're an impossible person to make plans with.
Combinations with get and be
13. Put in the correct prepositions or adverbs.
1 Is Mary in? ~ No, she's ... and won't be ... till nine o'clock. 2. What shall we do now? ~
I'm ... keeping quiet and saying nothing. 3. If you got ...... your work instead of talking you'd be finished in half the time. 4. He promised to act as chairman, so I'm afraid he can't get ......it now. There's no one else to do it. 5. She wants to do all the work herself but I don't think she is.....it.
6. He leaves his car at a parking meter for over two hours and always gets ...... it. (is never caught) When I do that, I am fined. 7. I don't think they'll be ... yet. It's only five o'clock in the morning. 8. They didn't want the news of their engagement to get ... till it was officially announced. 9. The office closes early on Fridays and we get ... at five o'clock instead of six.
10. If you don't give the children something to do, they'll be ...... some mischief. 11. The car stopped in front of the bank messenger and two men with guns got ... . 12. She is a friendly girl who gets......everyone she meets. 13. As soon as the examinations are ... we are going away on holiday. 14. It took her a long time to get ... the death of her husband. 15. We usually get ... a play among ourselves at the end of the term. 16. I'm going to Berlin on business and I shall be ... for a week. 17. Tom hasn't been working; he won't get ... his examinations. 18. The police knew he had committed the crime but he got ... as there was not enough evidence against him. 19. Shall I marry him? ~ Well, it is......you. I can't very well decide for you. 20. I tried to ring him up but I couldn't get ...; I think some of the lines are down after last night's storm. 21. She talks so much that it is difficult to get ... from her. 22. Why not have your operation at once and get it ...? 23. He got ... his bicycle to pick up his pump. 24. Mary wants to study medicine but she is not very clever. I don't think she is ...... it. 25. The train was delayed and only got ... at midnight. 26. When winter is ... I am going to have the house painted. 27. If you don't get ... (leave) I'll send for the police. 28. I am ... doing the washing up first and watching TV afterwards. 29. Get ... the bus at Victoria Station. 30. How are you getting ... with your work? 31. I don't think she is ...... the level of the rest of the class.
32. I left my umbrella in the bus but I got it ... from the Lost Property Office. 33. I am not getting ... very fast because I can only type with two fingers. 34. The dog got ...... a string of sausages from the butcher's. 35. We got ... late because we missed the last bus. 36. Don't worry about my snake. He can't get ...... his box.
Combinations with look and keep
14. Put in the correct prepositions or adverbs.
1. He wanted to talk to me but I kept ... working and refused to listen. 2. She is a good secretary but she is kept ... by her ignorance of languages. 3. The country was in state of rebellion and was only kept . . by repressive measures. 4. Look ... the baby while I am out.
5. She kept the children ... all day because it was so wet and cold. 6. You must look ... and make plans for the future. 7. "Keep ...!" he said. "Don't come any nearer." 8. If you look ... it carefully you will see the mark. 9. I told the children to keep ...... the room that was being
painted. 10. Looking ..., I see now all the mistakes I made when I was younger. 11. I have started getting up at five a.m. to study but I don't know if I can keep this ... . 12. He had an unhappy childhood and he never looks ... on it with any pleasure. 13. The man walked so fast that the child couldn't keep ...... him. 14. She looked ... to see who was following her. 15. There were so many panes of glass broken that the windows couldn't keep ... the rain. 16. I've been looking ... a cup to match the one I broke. 17. Look......me at the station. I'll be at the bookstall.
18. Look ...! You nearly knocked my cup out my hand. 19. He was kept ... in his research by lack of money. 20. Tom is looking...... his first trip abroad, (expecting with pleasure) 21. Look ... on your way home and tell me what happened. 22. Before putting any money into the business, we must look very carefully ... the accounts. 23. I look ... her as one of the family.
24. My windows look......the garden. 25. He asked me to look ... the document and then sign it.
26. He looked ... the book to see if he had read it before. 27. If you can afford a new car your business must be looking ... . 28. You can always look ... her address in the directory if you have forgotten it. 29. He looked me ... and ... before he condescended to answer my question.
30. I am looking......seeing your new house. 31. Children have a natural inclination to look ...... their parents. 32. You will see I am right if you look ... the matter from my point of view.
33. He looks ...... me because I spend my holidays in Bournemouth instead of going abroad. 34. If he doesn't know the word he can look it ... in a dictionary. 35. The crowd looked ... while the police surrounded the house. 36. Since our quarrel she looks ... me whenever we meet.
Combinations with go and come
15. Put in the correct prepositions or adverbs.
1. It was some time before he came ... after being knocked out. 2. I had to wait for permission from the Town Council before I could go ... with my plans. 3. He came ... to my way of thinking after a good deal of argument. 4. The guard dog went ... the intruder and knocked him down 5. He had a sandwich and a cup of coffee, then went ... Working. 6. It's no use trying to keep it secret; it's sure to come ... in the end. 7. I went ... the proposal very carefully with my solicitor and finally decided not accept their offer. 8. The gun went ... by accident and wounded him in the leg. 9. The question of salary increases will come ... at the next general meeting. 10. Wearing black for mourning went ... many years ago. 11. She went ...... a beauty contest and got a prize. 12. Those rust marks will come ... if you rub them with lemon. 13. The price of tomatoes usually goes ... in summer in England. 14. If there isn't enough soup to go ... just put some hot water in it. 15. Seeing me from across the room, she came ...... me, and said that she had a message for me. 16. The early colonists of Canada went ... many hardships, 17 You can't go ...... your promise now; we are depending on you. 18. I have changed my mind about marrying him; I simply can't go ...... it. 19. The aeroplane crashed and went ... in flames. 20. He came ... a fortune last year. (He inherited it.) 21. Wait till prices come ... again before you buy.
22. I refuse to go ... now. I'm going on. 23. They have gone ... all the calculations again but they still can't find the mistake. 24. The party went ... very well; we all enjoyed ourselves.
25. Come ... . It's far too cold to wait here any longer. 26. Mary went ... in such a hurry that she left her passport behind. 27. The handle of the tea-pot came ... in my hand as I was washing it.
28. Why don't you go ..... stamp collecting if you want a quiet hobby? 29. I came ... a vase exactly like yours in an antique shop. 30. Her weight went ... to 70 kilos when she stopped playing tennis. 31. Don't go ... food if you want to economize. Just drink less. 32. The sea has gone ... considerably since last night's gale. 33. I'm at home all day. Come ... whenever you have time. 34. She went......her work after the interruptions. 35. She goes ... a lot. She hardly every spends an evening at home. 36. I suggested that we should all take a cut in salary. Naturally this didn't go ... very well, (wasn't well received)
Combinations with take and run
16. Put in the correct prepositions or adverbs.
1. I couldn't take ... the lecture at all. It was too difficult for me. 2. He is inclined to let his enthusiasm run......him. 3. When he offered me only £3, I was too taken ... to say a word.
4. He has already run ... the money his father left him two years ago. 5. Now he is running ... bills all over the town. 6. She took ... riding because she wanted to lose weight. 7. I can't start the car; the battery has run ... . 8. The policeman ran ... the thief. 9. He takes ... his mother; he has blue eyes and fair hair too. 10. I forgot to turn off the tap and the wash-basin ran ... . 11. That blouse is easy to make. You could run it ... in hour. 12. I am sorry I called you a liar. I take it ... . 13. Reformers usually run ...... opposition from all kinds of people. 14. He took ... going for a walk every night he went to bed. 15. Don't run ...... the idea that Scotsmen are mean. They just don't like wasting money. 16. I wish we could sell the grand piano; it takes ... too much space here. 17. She is always running ... her friends behind their backs. She soon won't have any friends left. 18. You'd better take ... your coat if you're too hot. 19. Just run ... the music of this song for me. 20. We took ... each other the first time we met and have been friends ever since. 21. When his father died, Tom took ... the business. 22. What I saw in the water was only an old tree. I took it ... the Loch Ness Monster. 23. I ran ... an old school friend in the tube today. 24. I can't go more than 50 k.p.h. as this is a new car and I am still running it ... . 25. People often take me ... my sister. We are very like each other. 26. My neighbour is always running ...... bread and borrowing some from me. 27. He always takes ... his false teeth before he goes to bed. 28. I took ... Tom at chess and beat him. 29. If a bull chased me I'd run ... . 30. Even a child wouldn't be taken ... by such an obvious lie. 31. You're looking rather run ,..; I think you need a holiday. 32. The policeman took ... the number of the stolen car. 33. If she takes ... the job of director she'll have to work harder. 34. My car skidded and ran ... a wall.
35. She makes a little extra money by taking ... paying guests in summer. 36. A hen ran in front of my car and I'm afraid I ran ... it.
Combinations with turn, call and break
17. Put in the correct prepositions or adverbs.
1. He broke ... completely on hearing of his daughter's death. 2. He wasn't rich by any means, but he never turned ... anyone who needed help. 3. On his way to work he called ... the florist's and ordered a dozen red roses. 4. Burglars broke ... the house and stole some jewellery. 5. I turned ... (refused] the job because it was badly paid. 6. We called ... a specialist when he grew worse. 7. When the police questioned him he broke ... and confessed. 8. Turn ... the radio if you're not listening. 9. War broke ... in 1939. 10. The secretary was then called ... to read the minutes. 11. He carried on the business alone for years before his health broke ... . 12. The lion turned ... the lion-tamer and knocked him senseless. 13. Can you be ready at six? He is calling ... us then to take us out. 14. Mary has broken ... her engagement to Charles. 15. I haven't much time for housework but I try to turn ... one room in the house every week. 16. She called ... for a few minutes to return a book. 17. The lift broke ... and we had to use the stairs.
18. The representative of the computer company called ... all the factories in the district. 19. The situation is difficult and calls ... great tact. 20. They broke ... their conversation when I came in. 21. The school broke ... for the holidays at the end of July. 22. In this book the mysterious stranger turns ... to be the long-lost son of the duke. 23. The fireman had to break ... the door to rescue the children. 24. The garden party was called ... because of the rain. 25. A good horse can be ruined if it is not carefully broken .... 26. He was called ... at the age of eighteen and spent a year in the army. 27. She was plain as a child but she turned ... remarkably pretty. 28. Negotiations between the two countries were broken ... following the murder of the ambassador. 29. Mrs Jones rang. She wants you to call her ... . 30. The family was broken ... after the death of the parents. 31. The new factory turns ... surgical instruments as well as cutlery. 32. He broke ... the conversation to remind us it was getting late. 33. The boat turned ... and threw us all into the water. 34. We arranged to meet at the theatre but she didn't turn ... . 35. The three men who broke ...... prison yesterday were later recaptured.
36. A huge crowd turned ... to see the international football match.
Combinations with give, put and make
18. Put in the correct prepositions or adverbs.
1. He won £100 and gave it all ... . 2. Put ... the clock, it is twenty minutes fast. 3. Riding is getting too expensive; I'll have to give it ... . 4. I'll put ... my visit to the Royal Mint till you can come with me. 5. The roads were crowded with people making ... the coast. 6. He gave ... all the books he had borrowed. 7. She had invited me to dinner but had to put me ... as she was taken ill. 8. I can't make ... the postmark on the letter; it looks like Basingstoke. 9. Put ... the light it's getting quite light again. 10. After four days of freedom, the escaped prisoner gave himself ... to the police. 11. That vase is very valuable. Put it ... before you drop it. 12. She makes... very skilfully. She looks much younger than she is. 13. Your secret is safe with me. I won't give you ... . (betray you) 14. He was very much put ... when she rang off angrily in the middle of their conversation. 15. It's time they made ... that silly quarrel. 16. I wish you would put ... the dishes instead of leaving them on the table. 17. He's not really angry. He's only putting it ... . 18. He didn't want to go to the cinema but they begged so hard that he gave ... and went with them. 19. I don't believe that story. I am sure you made it ... . 20. The house itself is quite attractive but the fact that it's near a busy airport put me ... . 21. The boy is hyperactive. I put it......wrong diet. 22. They put ... a statue of Florence Nightingale after her death. 23. The diver's supply of oxygen gave ... and he had to be brought to the surface as quickly as possible. 24. I asked him to put ... the lights if he was the last to leave. 25. I don't know how you put ...... the noise; it would drive me mad. 26. After his fourth attempt he gave ... trying to pass the driving test. 27. Here's a crash helmet. Put it ... . 28. He should try to make ...... his loss of sleep by going to bed early. 29. If you can't find a room in a hotel, I could always put you ... . 30. The names of the winners were given ... on the radio. 31. The shortage of eggs has put ... their price considerably. 32. The government put ... the rebellion with great severity.
33. If you want to save money, give ... eating in expensive restaurants. 34. This clock is always slow; I put it ... ten minutes every morning. 35. There was a man giving ... leaflets outside the church. 36. He put ... his name for the excursion.
Combinations with clear, cut, fall, hold, let and hand
19. Put in the correct prepositions or adverbs.
1. Clear ... your books. I want to set the table for lunch. 2. The army fell ... when the enemy attacked. 3. You should cut ... this tree. It is too near the house. 4. The examination was so easy that all the candidates handed ... their answer papers after the first hour. 5. My plans for starting a restaurant fell ... for lack of capital. 6. Our water supply was cut ... because the pipe burst. 7. At the end of term attendance at these classes usually falls ... . 8. The wall was covered with pictures of pop stars which Mary had cut......magazines. 9. I hope the rain holds ... until my washing is dry. 10. They won't let you ... if you aren't a member of the club. 11. The mounted police cleared ... the crowds. 12. A heavy snowfall held ... the trains from the north.
13. If you really want to slim you must cut ... on sweets. 14. The two brothers fell ... over their father's will. (quarreled) 15. You would recover your sense of taste if you cut ... smoking altogether. 16. If you will hold ... I'll put you through to Enquiries. 17. If he refuses to fall ...... my plans I can probably find someone more co-operative. 18. These folk songs have been handed ... from generation to generation. 19. She has grown so much that her mother will have to let ... all her dresses. 20. Children, you must clear ... this mess before going to bed.
21. I was cut ... in the middle of my call because I ran out of money. 22. How did you get this expensive tool-kit? ~ It fell ... the back of a lorry. 23. The retiring minister handed ... to his successor. 24. I should feel very cut ... if I lived more than twenty kilometres from the town.
25. The soldiers fell ... and marched off. 26. In the film the train was held ... and robbed by four armed men. 27. The mystery of his sudden disappearance was never cleared ... .
28. He didn't dismiss the man; he let him ... with a warning. 29. I hope the weather will clear ... soon. I want to go out. 30. He let the rest of the team ... by not turning up for the match. 31. Deaf people often feel very cut ... from others by their disability. 32. When she got fatter her clothes were too tight and she had to let them all ... . 33. If the word-processor breaks down, we'll have to fall ...... our old typewriter. 34. The survivors of the plane crash were able to hold ... till help came. 35. Could you hand ... the photographs so that everyone can see them?
36. You'll need somewhere to keep your books. I'll clear ... this cupboard for you.
Mixed combinations
20. Put in the correct prepositions or adverbs.
1. I don't care ... the expense; I want the party to be a real success. 2. I can't account ... the disappearance of the pictures; they were all there yesterday. 3. If passports were done ...... (abolished), travel would be much simpler. 4. You will have to allow ... some extra expenses on the train. 5. They set ... on their camping trip with great enthusiasm. 6. When you have thought ... what I have said, you will understand. 7. He doesn't care ... continental cookery. He thinks it's too rich. 8. The car puled ... beside me and the driver asked me the way to Piccadilly.
9. You can throw ... the packet; it's empty. 10. They set ... at six and reached their destination before dark. 11. The doctor thinks he'll pull ... now. His temperature has gone down. 12. I don't know how she manages to care ... ten children without help. 13. My children are picking ... English very quickly but I find it more difficult. 14. She fainted but they brought her ... by throwing cold water on her face. 15. The teacher pointed ... several mistakes that the student had not corrected. 16. You need capital before you can set ... on your own in any kind of business. 17. He suddenly threw ... his job and went to Australia. 18. Don't make up your mind at once; talk it ... with your lawyer first. 19. The room needs doing ...; it's very shabby. 20. The factory will have to close down if production is not stepped ... . 21. His final argument brought me ... to his point of view. 22. We must get the roof mended before the wet weather sets ... .
23. I don't like the look of these men hanging ... outside my gate. 24. He picked ... all the biggest ones for himself. 25. You must carry ... the instructions on the packet exactly. 26. After the music had died ... there was a storm of applause. 27. The mob burnt ... several important buildings in the riots 28. The wearing of national costume has largely died ... in Europe. 29. These children are very polite; they have obviously been well brought ... . 30. She carried ... with her work in spite of all interruptions. 31. You can stay ... till your father comes home and then you must go to bed. 32. When the rebellion had died ... things quickly returned to normal.
33. I'll pick you ... at your office and take you straight to the station. 34. Several new records were set ... at the last Olympic Games. 35. He advises me to hang...... (keep) those pictures as they will be valuable one day. 36. At the committee meeting the question of repairs to the roof was brought ... .
21. Put in the correct prepositions or adverbs.
1. Blow ... the candles on the cake before you cut it. 2. He used to be very shy but he has grown...... it now. 3. A number of oil tankers have been laid ... recently. Too many of them had been built. 4. Don't let him order you ... like that; he's not your employer. 5. I can pay ... the money you lent me after I've been to the bank. 6. Applications for the job must be sent ... before next Wednesday. 7. The fireworks factory was practically wiped ... by the explosion.
8. We must keep on working; it's too soon to sit ... (relax) 9. The terrorists blew ... the railway line. 10. He wanted to ask her to marry him but he was too shy to joint at once. He led ......it by saying he often felt lonely. 11- I had to send ... an electrician to mend the switch. 12. After nursing the whole family when they had flu she was completely worn ... . 13. My nephew wants to be an explorer when he grows ... . 14. The house stood ... in the dull street because of its red door. 15. After the owner's death the business was wound ... and the shop sold. 16. The little girl couldn't blow ... the balloon. 17. Children's clothes have to be strong to stand ...... hard
wear. 18. As soon as the decorators have finished work in my new house I'll move ... . 19. He was laid ... for six weeks with two broken legs. 20. The idea has gradually grown ... that the State should look after every citizen from the cradle to the grave. 21. They always lay ... a large supply of tinned food in winter in case they are snowed up. 22. You can't move into this flat till I move ... . 23. He thinks I broke his window and threatens to pay me ... for it. 24. I asked the hotel to send ... any letters which came after I had gone. 25. BBC stands ... British Broadcasting Corporation. 26. The inscription on the tombstone had been worn . . by the weather and could scarcely be read. 27. He's going to turn this old building ... a block of flats.
28. My shoes wear ... very quickly since I started walking to the office. 29. I'll start laying ... my new garden next spring. 30. On a touring holiday you can move .. to a new place every day if you want to. 31. The lifeboat is standing ... in case it is necessary to take off the crew of the damaged ship. 32. Don't set ... for me. I shall probably be back very late. 33. Contact lenses may feel uncomfortable at first but this Deling soon wears ... . 34. She was the only one to stand ...... me. No one else said anything in my defence. 35. He was sent ... from the university for drug-pushing. 36. The strike was called ... when the management agreed to the strikers' demands.
22. Put in the correct prepositions or adverbs.
1. I left the milk heating for too long and it all boiled ... . 2. When we had worked ... the cost of a holiday abroad, we decided to stay at home. 3. Ring this number and ask ... (to speak to) Bill.
4. The shop is closing down and selling ... all the stock at reduced prices. 5. I always mix ... the painters Monet and Manet, (confuse) 6. His description of the accident was borne ... by other witnesses. 7. I'll do the shopping if you see ... the lunch. 8. He read the novel, missing ... the dull descriptive passages. 9. I have fixed ... my holiday and I can't change the data now. 10. I asked him ... for a cup of coffee. 11. She left the potatoes cooking for so long that the water boiled ... and the potatoes were burnt. 12. I can see ... her sudden friendliness; she wants me to look after her parrot while she is away. 13. You mustn't answer ... like that when your mother scolds you. 14. Workmen don't always clean ... very thoroughly after they have made a mess. 15. The news of his marriage to another girl was a shock to her but she bore ... bravely and went on as if nothing had happened. 16. Ring up the station and find ... what time the train goes. 17. He stopped to pick ... a hitch-hiker. 18. He would like to ask her ... but he is too poor to pay foi meals in restaurants. 19. The committee left him ...... the team as he had refusec
to practise. 20. I couldn't get any bread. All the bakers' shops were sold ... . 21. I thought he was mad and backed ... nervously. 22. James was asking ... you today. He says he hasn't seen you for weeks. 23. He wasn't walking very fast. You'll catch ...... him if you start at once. 24. It would be safer to get your solicitor to draw ... the contract. 25. She'll be busy seeing ... the children's clothes before they go back to school. 26. He has got mixed ...... a very odd set of people. I hope they won't have a bad influence on him. 27. All passengers must fill ... this disembarkation form before they leave the ship. 28. He supported the idea at first but backed ... when he found he'd have to contribute towards the cost. 29. I've been invited ... to Brighton this week-end. 30. This stove must be cleaned ... once a week or it gets choked with ashes.
31. He got out as soon as the train drew ... . 32. Everyone drew ... in alarm when smoke began to pour out of the parcel. 33. He doesn't like being seen ... . He prefers to go to the station alone. 34. The music faded ... in the distance as the street players moved on.
35. Nobody backed me ... when I complained about the food in the canteen, so nothing was done about it. 36. I'll see you ... when you leave. It's easy to get lost in this enormous building.
23. Put in the correct prepositions or adverbs.
1. If the business continues to lose money, I'm afraid we'll have to close ... . 2. He joined ... only because several of his friends had joined the army, too. 3. If the weather doesn't clear up we'll have to knock ... early; we can't work in the rain. 4. I think Tom is living in York now. I must look him ... next time I'm there. 5. You'd better ring her ... and tell her you'll be late. 6. It isn't fair to shout the speaker ... without giving him a chance to explain. 7. Most au pair girls have to live ... . 8. The guide rounded ... the party of tourists and led them to the cathedral.
9. "I've made a mistake; I must rub it ... " said the child. 10. The car-park attendant said, "You are too far from the next car; could you close ... a little?" 11. Drop ... any time you're passing, and have a cup of tea. 12. She was offered a flat in a modern block and jumped ... the chance. 13. The last person to go to bed usually locks ... at night. 14. I'll play for both of us and you can settle ... afterwards. 15. The hero in the book was tied ... by his enemies and left in a gas-filled room, but he managed to escape. 16. They offered to pay half the expenses and he closed ... the offer at once. 17. He won't buy the car without trying it ... on the road first. 18. Mother's having a day's holiday; we are waiting ... her for a change. 19. She rang ... angrily before I could explain why I hadn't turned up. 20. That's poison; you should lock it ... where the children can't touch it. 21. Since she got married she seems to have dropped ... of all social activities. 22. The boxer was knocked ... in the second round and lost his title. 23. Whales live mainly ... plankton. 24. An English husband usually helps his wife to wash ... after a meal.
25. It takes some time to settle ... to work again after a holiday. 26. My horse was entered ... the Derby, but he came in last. 27. The porter was told to watch ...... the people who tried
to gate-crash. 28. He had to rub ... his French to help his son when he started to learn it at school. 29. She took ... her glove so that she could show ... her diamond ring. 30. I tried ... several coats but none of them suited me. 31. If you can't afford it, you'll have to do ... it.
32. Watch ... ! That man tried to take your purse out of your shopping-bag. 33. Several gambling clubs have been shut ... recently for breaking the regulations. 34. This is a clockwork toy. You have to wind it ... . 35. I pointed ... all her mistakes but she didn't seem very grateful.
36. I don't think I'd like to share a flat with her. I'd find it difficult to live.....her standards of tidiness.
24. Put in the correct prepositions or adverbs. Note that two words are required.
1. Once he has signed the agreement, he won't be able to back......the scheme. 2. Watch ...... the signpost. I don't want to miss the turning. 3. That chair is not very strong. Do you think it is ......your weight? 4. After drinking half a bottle of whisky he felt able to stand ......his employer.
5. The Italian course started in September and it's now March. I'm afraid you won't be able to catch ......the class now. 6. Whenever he runs ...... a difficulty he always comes to me for help. 7. A mother will usually stand ...... her children, no matter what they have done. 8. There's no point in doing ...... the old regulations if you are going to introduce equally stupid new ones. 9. I'm afraid there's no milk left; we'll have to fall ...... dried milk for our tea. 10. It's your turn to make some suggestions; I've run ... . ideas. 11. He may be sorry but that won't make ...... the damage he has done. 12. Some people can break the law and get ...... it. Others
get punished. 13. He pretended to fall ...... my plan but secretly he was working against it.
14. Don't tell me any of your secrets. I don't want to be mixed ......your affairs. 15. He would get......his work better if you left him alone 16. Why do you hang ...... those old magazines? Give them away if you don't need them. 17. Don't run ...... the idea that I disapprove completely. I'm only trying to point out the disadvantages. 18. He wanted to borrow money and led ...... it by saying that times were very hard. 19. He has gone ...... his promises so often that no one trusts him now. 20. Look ...... me at the station; I'll be carrying the Financial Times.
21. He will come......your way of thinking in time. 22. The Minister was very glad to hand ...... his successor before the crisis got any worse. 23. Children used to look ...... their parents; now they are inclined to regard them as equals. 24. The astronaut got ...... his rocket and found himself in the middle of a vast plain. 25. He only puts ...... his secretary's bad spelling because he can't find a better one. 26. My legs are too short; I can't keep ...... you if you walk so fast. 27. Once a man gets a reputation for being amusing he has to try and live......it. 28. I suppose you'll look ...... me when I tell you I prefer kippers to caviare. 29. I've had a busy day and I'm looking......going to bed early 30. Shall I make the cheque ......you or to your firm? 31. The government won't go ...... this new legislation if public feeling is against it. 32. It took him a long time to grow ...... the habit of biting his nails. 33. My room is rather dark because it looks ...... a blank wall- 34. We'll settle ......you when you produce all the bills. 35. He looked his son ... and ... and said, "Aren't you a bit too old now to wear those odd clothes?" 36. She goes ...... yoga and spends ten minutes every day standing on her head.
25. Replace the words or phrases in bold type by phrasal verbs. Some of the sentences may sound awkward as they stand.
1. Can he give a good explanation for his extraordinary behaviour? 2. He mended the tyre of his bicycle and then filled it with air. 3. They were having a violent quarrel but stopped suddenly when I came in. 4. The meeting was cancelled because of the flu epidemic. 5. If you refuse to perform my orders you'll be dismissed. 6. I don't think you can overtake them; they left two hours ago. 7. Sherlock Holmes was often able to solve a mystery without leaving his rooms in Baker Street. 8. I found a twenty-pound note by chance in the street. What should I do with it?
9. If my scheme had succeeded, I should have made a profit of a thousand pounds. 10. He recovered consciousness when the doctor had applied artificial respiration. 11. The road safety campaign had succeeded in reducing road deaths by 10 per cent. 12. Three thousand students are candidates for the examination every year but very few pass. 13. He tried to alight from the bus while it was still moving and was badly hurt. 14. My sister promised to sing at the concert and though she doesn't want to now, she can't free herself from the obligation. 15. They announced the names of the winning horses on the radio. 16. If cigarettes get any dearer, I shall have to abandon the habit of smoking. 17. Prices always increase; they never become less. 18. The police investigated the case very thoroughly but finally said there was no suspicion of foul play. 19. He started his journey in a great hurry. 20. He needs more exercise; he should start playing tennis. 21. It is difficult to train children well. 22. The train was delayed by fog and arrived late. 23. I waited for her for ages but she didn't come. 24. She is. good at languages. She learnt Spanish without effort, in a few months. 25. It is your responsibility to make a success of your own life. (It is ......you etc.) 26. Anyone who was offered a chance like that would accept it with enthusiasm. 27. Don't walk on the grass.
28. He dictated so quickly that his poor secretary couldn't go as fast as he did. (couldn't.........him) 29. I hit him so hard that he fell unconscious. 30. If I don't punish you this time, will you promise never to do it again? 31. She was very upset over her failure but now she is recovering from it. 32. You mustn't omit the difficult sentences; do them all. 33. She kept asking me all the difficult words instead of searching for them in a dictionary. 34. I took the children to the zoo today to compensate for the party they missed yesterday. 35. Students of English often confuse the words "lie" and "lay". 36. He swore to revenge himself on me for the wrong I had done him.
26. Replace the words or phrases in bold type by phrasal verbs. Some of the sentences may sound awkward as they stand.
1. If you don't allow me to enter I'll break down the door. 2. He regarded her for a moment and then said, "She is too tall." 3. The line was so bad when I telephoned him that I couldn't understand what he said. 4. Will you take care of the garden while I am in hospital?
5. I don't believe a word of his excuse; I'm sure he invented it. 6. He's had the best doctors available but he won't recover unless he has the will to live. 7. Be careful! The tree's going to fall! 8. Never postpone till tomorrow what you can do today. 9. I regard him as the greatest living novelist. 10. He dressed himself in uniform for the occasion. 11. He keeps hearing strange footsteps in the house, so he has hired a private detective to investigate the matter.
12. She was sitting opposite me in the bus but she pretended not to see me. 13. Whenever you are in Paris, do go and visit my sister. 14. Why was she looking so annoyed? 15. The Albert Hall was erected in memory of Queen Victoria's husband. 16. I can't offer hospitality to you all because my flat is too small. 17. Suppose you telephone the station and ask them. 18. He disparages his own garden but he likes other people to praise it. 19. She is in poor health after working for three years without a break. 20. The village is so small that we are always meeting our friends accidentally. 21. It is the first time that he has encountered any opposition.
22. Peter's leaving. Why don't you apply for his job? 23. There is something wrong with the television set; we'd better summon an electrician. 24. A man who has always led an open-air life would find it difficult to be contented in an office job. 25. I am feeling rather tired today because I stayed out of bed later than usual last night. 26. You are not allowed to offer yourself for election to Parliament if you are under eighteen, a lunatic, or a bankrupt. 27. He lost his reputation and all his money but he had good friends and they continued to support and help him. 28. The father was thoroughly dishonest and the son resembles him. He has already been in the courts for stealing. 29. He started playing golf as he thought it would help him socially. 30. I used to believe his tall stories; now he rarely succeeds in deceiving me.
31. It is silly to abandon a good job like yours, just because you don't like the coffee in the canteen. 32. They rejected her applications because they preferred a man for the job.
33. The factory normally makes clocks and watches but during the last war it produced precision instruments for aeroplanes. 34. The chairman brought his speech to an end by thanking the staff for their hard work. 35. Take a pencil and paper and calculate how long it will take us to reach London from here. 36. He undertook evening work to make some extra money but at the end of the year he was completely exhausted, and had to abandon it.
Combinations with off and on
27. Put in the appropriate verb.
1. The fireworks ... off with such a noise that we were nearly deafened. 2. The trade talks which had begun between the two countries were ... off when the fishery dispute began.
3. He ... off on his journey. 4. I can't hear you. Do ... off that vacuum cleaner. 5. The astronaut found the experience of weightlessness strange at first but the feeling ... off after a time. 6. The candidate ... on everyone in his constituency and asked them to vote for him in the impending by-election. 7. Well-off people used to have servants to ... on them. 8. If we can't decide on a play we all want to see we'd better ... off the theatre party tomorrow. 9. Don't be ... off by her odd appearance; she is really very nice. 10. I said to the shop assistant, "I like this coat; could I ... it on?" 11. You won't ... on very fast with your work if you try to watch television at the same time. 12. Those chalk marks will easily ... off your jacket if you brush it.
13. Almost all workers like to ... off (leave work) at six. It's hard to get anyone to stay on after that. 14. I was practising the bagpipes but I had to ... off because my mother complained about the noise. 15. I think you have enough to do as it is. Don't ... on any more work. 16. They won't be able to have their letters ... on when they are away as they will be on safari. 17. Many of our men are off sick just now. We have been ... on with a skeleton staff. 18. It's really your turn to wash up, Mary, but we'll ... you off this time. You look very tired. 19. When I played in his team he kept shouting advice at me, and this ... me off. 20. I heard two men planning to break into a house. What should I do? You should ... on the information to the police. 21. I don't see why'we should do all the work while he just ... on (watches) and does nothing. 22. Someone is following us! Never mind; ... on walking and pay no attention. 23. Now that we have lost all the money, it's no use ... on me and saying that it's all my fault. 24. The policeman told the crowd standing round the scene of the accident to ... on because they were blocking the road. 25. I don't want to ... on the light in case I waken her. 26. My house was damaged by floods so I had to ... off the guests I had invited for the following week-end. 27. She doesn't usually wear a hat; she only ... one on when she goes to a wedding. 28. ... on. It could do you good to come out for a change. 29. The wedding was planned for the 16th but the bride fell ill so it had to be ... off.
30. My train leaves at eight tomorrow morning. Will you come and ... me off? 31. The Scout ... on his bicycle and hurried away to get help. 32. He doesn't ... on with his family. That's why he doesn't live at home. 33. That new factory is doing very well; the manager has just ... on fifty new workers. 34. The plane ... off at seven and climbed rapidly into the stormy sky. 35. He ... off his jacket and hung it up. 36. He flew his plane under the bridges of the Thames. Why did he do that? I suppose he was just ... off. (attracting attention to/displaying his skill)
Combinations with up
28. Fill up the spaces in each of the following sentences by inserting a verb + up, or a verb + up + preposition combination.
1. It is ...... factory owners to provide fire-fighting equipment in their factories. (No verb is required here.) 2. Unfortunately he was ...... by his parents to believe that money was the only thing that mattered. 3. The party didn't ...... till 3 a.m. and the guests left very noisily.
4. I ran after him and soon ......... him. Then we went on together. 5. Mother to child: "Your clothes are covered with mud; what have you .........?" 6. If you buy the paint I'll ......this room for you. 7. He ......a list of conditions and we all agreed to them. 8. If you want a new passport you must ...... this form. 9. He......at 8 a.m. and went to bed at 11 p.m. 10. I tried three times to start the car and then ... it ... and went by bus. 11. If I ...... alcohol I'd be much healthier, but life wouldn't be so much fun. 12. I saw a policeman so I ......... him and asked him the way.
13. Most girls expect to get married when they....... 14. Cashiers carrying money to the bank are sometimes ...... by gunmen. 15. He couldn't ......... me as I ran much faster than he did
and soon left him behind. 16. I ...... a 20p piece that I saw lying on the ground. 17. He wasted two weeks and tried to ......... it by working madly the last day. 18. She said that she was going to educate her children herself, for if they went to school they'd only......bad habits. 19. Before you go on holiday you should ...... the house and ask the police to keep an eye on it. 20. The car......suddenly with screaming brakes. 21. English people have to.........English weather. 22. The thieves ...... (bound) the housekeeper and ransacked the house. 23. I've stupidly ...... your books and mine and now I don't know which is which. 24. He is a dangerous criminal. He ought to be....... 25. I want to ... him ... . Would you please ...... his telephone number? 26. I ...... at the meeting-place but the others didn't come. 27. He wanted something to do in his spare time so he ...... carpentry. 28. The police......a notice saying, "No Parking". 29. "Tell me at the end of the week how many hours you have worked and I'll ......with you then", his employer said. 30. It's probably true. No one would......such a stupid story. 31. She sat down in front of the mirror and began to ...... her face. 32. If only we had a dish-washer, we wouldn't need to ...... after every meal. 33 My father said it was all my fault but my mother ......... (defended) me and said that it wasn't. 34 He ...... his speech by calling for a vote of thanks for last year's president.
35. Children hate going to bed. They always want to..... a little longer. 36. He was lying on his bed but when he saw me he ...... and said, "I'm not asleep."
29. Fill the spaces in the following sentences by inserting a verb + out combination.
1. There were three of us in the original partnership, but Charles......so there are only two of us now. 2. You are not paid to criticize. All you need do is to ..... my orders. 3. When war...... prices usually go up. 4. There's an advertisement in today's paper that might interest Robert. I'll ... it ... and send it to him. 5. The fog is so thick that I don't know where we are. I'll have to try and...... by asking someone. 6. In a bus: "Have my seat. I'm ......at the next stop." 7. The arrangement of marriages by parents is a custom that has ......nearly everywhere. 8. The article is too long. Could you ...... the last two paragraphs? 9. I can't ......who it is. He is too far away. 10. He volunteered to march in the demonstration but when the day came he......and said that he was not well enough to go. 11. Don't ...... (get rid of /discard) that old chair. We could repair it. 12. Which picture do you think is the best?~ It is hard to......the best. They are all so good. 13. Why do you think they have such a high fence round this nuclear power station? ~
I think they want to ... people ... . 14. He was ...... of the windows and didn't see me coming
into the room. 15....... ! Here's the boss! 16. There was a threat of a gas and electricity strike and in no time the shops selling candles were....... 17. We ...... of milk on Sunday and I had to get some from the milk machine. 18. Write in pencil. Then if you make a mistake you can easily …it… 19. As we passed Marble Arch he ...... the place where the gallows used to stand.
20. "I'll … You …"said my host, and he accompanied me to the front door. 21. We thought that he was an expert on Proust but it ...... that he had never even heard of him. 22. They......at nine and arrived at twelve. 23. He was quite ...... when he got no marks at all for his essay and he hasn't forgiven the lecturer yet. 24. I'm leaving this flat. I am ...... tomorrow and the new tenants are moving in the next day. 25. Nothing can ever ...... the memory of that terrible experience.
26. "I'll give you the genera! plan and you can ...... the details," the director said to his assistant.
27. We haven't invited them to the party. If they ...... about it they will be furious. 28.......the light when you leave the room. 29. Children usually grow out of their clothes before they ... them ... .
30. The wind ...... the first match and he had to strike another. 31. Can I speak to Mr Pitt? ~ I'm afraid he has just ....... 32. My clothes are all getting too tight. I'll have to ... them ... . 33. There are only two of us on this desert island. We mustn't ......(quarrel) 34. This bottle has been very tightly corked. The cork won't....... 35....... for pickpockets
36. He ...... in any crowd because he is so much taller than the average man.
30. Fill the spaces in the following sentences by inserting a verb + down, away or over combinations.
1. I offered him part-time work but he ... it ..., saying that he'd rather wait for a full-time job.
2. He doesn't think much of contemporary authors; he is always ......their work. 3. He dictated it and I ... it ... in shorthand. 4. The child picked up the knife and his mother shouted " it...!"
5. Some English boys go to boarding school at the age of seven. They usually...... quickly and are very happy. 6. I am in charge while Smith is away; I ...... from him on June 1. 7. I can't decide now. I'll ... it ... with my colleagues and let you know later. 8. He insisted on riding a young excitable horse which..... with him and threw him into a ditch. 9. He agreed to take my classes while I was away; but he me ... . He never turned up for any of them. 10. I ...... the accounts several times but couldn't find the mistake. 11. Suddenly there was a rustling in the straw. Everyone ... ... and stood watching from a safe distance. 12. This shop is ....... It will be reopening shortly under new management. 13. He had stage fright at first but he ......it very quickly. 14. The townsman has always been inclined to ...... on the countryman. 15. The filing system worked splendidly till the secretary went on holiday; then it ...... and no one knew where anything was. 16. Here is my letter; would you just ... it ... to see if there are any mistakes? 17. Two men started to fight with knives. The crowd ...... so as to be out of danger, and stood watching. 18. After the blizzard, it took a long time to ...... the snow from the main streets. 19. He hated boarding school and ...... from it, turning up two days later at his own home. 20. Jones tried to make a suggestion but the crowd was too excited to listen and he was....... 21. When the first act ......we had a drink in the theatre bar 22. They should ...... with licensing laws and let us drink when we like. 23. There was tremendous excitement in the streets and the shouting didn't ......till after midnight. 24. The embassy was ...... in the recent riots. The ruins are still smoking. 25. When she heard the news of the crash she......and cried.
26. The theatre filled up very early and people who came later and who hadn't reserved seats were ....... 27. I wonder why there's such a smell of gas.~ Perhaps something on the gas stove has......and put out the flame. 28. That old chair would be useful to somebody. If you don't want it, sell it or ... it ... . 29. This ring I wear isn't very valuable but it's been ...... in my family for over 200 years. 30. He ...... a little money every week so as to have something for a rainy day.
31. The police caught one thief but the other....... 32. The new idea is that young delinquents should gather together in groups and......their problems with social workers. 33. We are spending too much; we'll have to ...... our expenses. 34. I'm waiting till prices ...... before buying my new carpet. 35. When the floods ...... we were able to use the road again.
36. The expression "To ...... a new leaf" means to make a fresh start with the intention of doing better.
31. Fill the spaces in the following passage by inserting suitable combinations.
During Bill's last term at school, Mr White offered him a Job in a hardware shop. "It would be in the tool section," he said, "helping old Mr Hammer, and if you '...... (made good Progress) you could 2...... (become responsible for) the section when Mr Hammer retires." Mr White expected Bill to 3...... at the offer (accept it eagerly and was rather 4...... (surprised and disappointed} when
the boy looked doubtful. "You needn't 5...... your mind (decide) at once," he said. Mr Hammer can 6......(continue/ manage) without an assistant for another fortnight. But 7 ... it ... (consider it) and let me know Your school 8...... (closes for the holidays) this Friday, doesn’t it?" Bill nodded. "Well, if you decide to accept the job, 9...... (call at the shop) next weekend. I'll show you round and we'll ... you (arrange this matter) with an insurance card." Bill's father urged him to accept. "If you "... it ... (refuse it) you'll just be on the dole," he said. "It's no use 12... . (loitering) at home waiting for something better to 13... . (appear). Very few employers are 14...... (engaging) more men at present and a lot of places are 15...... (shutting permanently)"
So Bill took the job and soon '6...... in his new environment (became used to it). He '7...... (learnt) to work quickly and when Mr Hammer retired and 18 ...... (transferred) the tool section to him, he felt very proud of himself. Unfortunately, after two years Mr White was transferred to a bigger branch and a new manager, Mr Black, was appointed He and Bill didn't 19...... one another at all (neither liked other). He began, tactlessly enough, by 20... Bill ... and (examining) and saying, "I don't '...... (like) the way you dress. If you want to 22...... (continue) working here you must smarten up. 23...... (get dressed in) a tie and 4...... (remove) those rings. I don't approve of young men wearing rings." "Some of our customers wear them," Bill 25......(remarked).
"Don't 2б... me ... (reply impudently)!" snapped Mr Black. Soon afterwards, Bill and the manager 2..... (quarrelled) again. "You spend too much time talking to customers," Mr Black complained.
"But they like a chat," said another assistant, trying to 28 ...... (defend) Bill. "People who want silent service go to super markets." "You 29...... of this (remain outside)\" snarled Mr Black. "I."
business doesn't 30...... (improve) you may both be ... . (seeking) other jobs."
"He 32... customers ... (repels them) by his bad manner,' muttered Bill to his friends. "But if profits 33...... (decrease) he'll 34.. ... (state falsely) that it's all our fault. Anyway I'm sick of being 35.. ... (given too many orders) and I'm not going to S6......... it (endure it)" Fortunately, before rebellion 3?...... (started) in the tool department, Mr Black, who had 38...... for (applied for) a more
important post, was told that he had got it. He became overnight a much happier man and tried to 39......... (compensate for ) his previous harshness by being very polite to everyone, even Bill.
The staff weren't ...... (deceived) by his sudden affability, but it made a nice change.
32. Complete the passage, using suitable combinations.
We '......early and had breakfast at 7.30. After breakfast my sister Alice ...... (washed the dishes) while I got out the car. We 3... ... (began our journey) at 8.30 and drove first to Mr Pitt's house to 4......(collect) his son Tom who was coming with us. Tom had never met my niece Ann and I wasn't sure how the two children would ....... But I needn't have worried, for it 6... ... (was revealed) that they had a lot of interests in common and seemed quite pleased with each other. Even my sister, who doesn't usually 7...... (like) small boys, 8...... (was attracted by/liked at first meeting) him from the first. She whispered to me that he had very good manners and had obviously been well 9... ... . Tom also pleased her very much by 10...... (indicating) various interesting buildings as we drove through the town. Ann, however, was not much impressed by this and clearly thought that Tom was just "......(displaying his knowledge). Suddenly Alice said, "Good heavens! I forgot to i2...... the iron. We'll have to go back or it will start a fire and 13...... (destroy by fire) the house." I said, "Let's try to 14...... (telephone) our neighbour, Mr Smith, first and see if he can get into the house and ... the iron." "But he won't be able to16 ...... (enter), said Alice. "The house is l7....... "Then he'll have to 18...... (enter by force)" I said. "Better to have a window broken than let the house 19...... in flames." So I 20...... (telephoned) Mr Smith, who said he'd 2I...... the matter. I 22...... (waited, holding the receiver) while he went to do this, and very soon I heard his voice saying, "It's all right. I 23... ... (entered) through a window you'd left open and 24...... the iron. No damage was done." I thanked him warmly and we 25...... (continued) with our journey, much relieved. We stopped at 1.00, 2G...... of (left) the car and picnicked by the side of the road. Alice was just 27 car ... (offering to each of us) the sandwiches when a police
28... (stopped) beside us. "You mustn't park here," said the policemen. It's a clear way." I explained that I was a foreigner, so he said, "Well 29... you ... (overlook the offence) this time, but don't do it again. You mightn't 30......... (escape unpunished) it another time." My sister was rather 31...... (annoyed) by this incident but I explained that these regulations were necessary and we must 32...... ... (endure/bear patiently) them. Tom was very impressed by the police car. He 33......... (respects) all policemen and hopes to be one when he 34..... (becomes an adult). He is already 35......... (anticipating with pleasure) driving round in a fast car 36...... (seeking) lawbreakers. Poor Tom likes fast cars and was rather 3...... (bored/disgusted) because so many cars 38......... (drew level with) us and passed us. As we listened to the sound of their engines 39...... (diminishing) in the distance he said, "Next time I go out with you I'll come on my bicycle. I'm sure I'll come on my bicycle. I'm sure I'll be able to 40......... (remain abreast of) you, you go so slowly." However we did 41...... (arrive at) Stratford in the end and went to the house of a friend, who had promised to 42... us ... (give us accommodation) for the night. We tried to get seats for the Memorial Theatre but they were 43...... (all sold) so we spent the evening sitting by the fire and ...... (discussing) our day.
Tenses
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms (imperative or present simple) of the verbs in parentheses.
Two women ... (go) to a city. They ... (arrive) at a main street. Laura ... (be) very hungry and ... (want) to eat right away. Jean ... (prefer) to walk around, but three hours later, she ... (get) hungry, too.
Jean: It ... (be) almost 8.00. Now I ... (be) hungry, too. Let's (go) to the Cafe Bon Appetit. My friend ... (recommend) it. She ... (say) they ... (serve) great French food there and it ... (have) a wonderful atmosphere.
Laura: Okay, okay. Where ... (be) it?
Jean: I ... (not know). ... (ask) that woman.
Laura: Okay, (to the woman) ... (excuse) me, ma'am. Where ... (be) the cafe Bon Appetit? ... you ... (know)?
Woman: Yes, I ... (do). You ... (go) two blocks straight down this street. Then ... (turn) right and ... (cross) the street.
Jean: Thanks a lot.
They ... (walk) two blocks.
Laura: ... we ... (turn) left there?
Jean: Yes, we ... (do), I ... (think) ... . No ... we ... (not, do). Wait ... yes ... .
Jean ... (go) left, and Laura ... (follow). They ... (walk) for a half-hour. Finally they ... (return) to the main street.
Laura: I ... (not see) the Cafe Bon Appetit. But I ... (need) some food — now! ... (look)!. There ... (be) a fast-food pizza place on the corner.
Jean: But ... you ... (not want) to go to a nice restaurant?
They only ... (serve) junk food there. There ... (be) great restaurants in the city. I ... (want) ...
Laura: ... (run) to the pizza place. Jean ... (hurry) after her.
2. You decide: Why is today different?
1. (smoke) I never ... cigarettes but ... today because ... 2. (wear) George never ... a tie, but ... a tie today because .... 3. (work) We never ... late in the office, but ... late today because ... . 4. (argue) Mario never ... with his brother, but ... with him today because ... . 5. (send) Mario never ... his girlfriend flowers, but he ... her flowers today because .... 6. (study) Elisabeth never ... , but she ... today because 7. (take) Mr and Mrs Smith never ... the subway, but they ... the subway today because ... . 8. (watch) Our teacher never ... TV, but she ... TV today because ... . 9. (write) My older brother never ... to our family, but he ... to us today because ... . 10. (get up) Janet never ... early, but she ... early today because . . . 11. (drink) Mr and Mrs Jones never ... champagne, but they ... champagne today because ... . 12. (go) Susan never ... to restaurants, but she ... to a restaurant today because ... .
3. Choose either the present simple or present progressive in the following sentences.
1. Something ... (smell) very good. 2. We ... (eat) dinner at seven o'clock to night. 3. He ... (practise) the piano every day. 4. They ... (drive) to school tomorrow. 5. I .. (believe) you.
6. Maria ... (have) a cold. 7. George ... (swim) right now. 8. John ... (hate) smoke. 9. Jill always ... (get) up at 6.00 a.m. 10. Jerry ... (mow) the lawn now.
4. Complete the dialogue. Use the words under the lines, in the present simple or the present progressive. Complete the short answers.
The phone rings in the dentist's office. Assistant: Dr Brown's office.
G:. Hello. This is Gloria from the beauty salon next door. (I/have/a toothache/.) (I/feel/awful/at the moment.)
(What/ the dentist/do/right now/?) (he/busy/?) A: Yes.__________________________________
(he/fill a cavity/at present/.)
(He/usually/have time/in the morning/.) (He/often/ take a break/.)
(But today/ there/ several patients/wait/in the waiting room/.)
G.:______________________________________________________
(I/usually/visit the dentist/twice a year/.)
(But/I/need to see/Dr. Brown/now/!) (My tooth/hurt/.)
(This/be/an emergency!)
Meanwhile, a secretary on the second floor is trying to call Gloria.
S.:____________________________________________
(Why/her phone/always/be busy/?)
(Gloria talk on the phone/all the time/.)
(I/have to have/an appointment/today/.) (My hair/look/ terrible/ )
(I/feel awful about it/ these days/.) (This/be/an emergency/i)
5. Put in the present simple or the present progressive tenses.
CHOMP CHAMP!
(you sit) ... comfortably? Good! I (hope),... you (study) ... this text carefully because I (have) ... news for you. The Guinness Book of Records (not include) ... records for eating any more. People who (try) ... to swallow 47 hard boiled eggs in half a minute will have to do it for pleasure and not get into the record book. "We (regard) ... these records as unhealthy," said the book's editor, Mr Donald McFarian. However, one record-holder will remain. He is Michel Lotito of Grenoble ("Monseieur Mange-tout"). Since 1966, he has chomped his way through two bicycles, 7 TV sets and a light aircraft. He's likely to remain world champ, unless you (want) ... to challenge him, of course!
6. Put in the present simple or present progressive. Note where both forms are possible.
A HOLIDAY JOB WITH A DIFFERENCE!
I (study) ... English at Exeter University. I'm on holiday at the moment and I (work) ... in a public library. I'm lucky to have this job. I (not have to) ... get up early. The library (open) ... at 10 and (close) ... at 7. It's interesting work because people (always come in) ... and (ask) ... me to help them, so I (learn) . . a lot about different subjects. I (enjoy) ... the job and (find) ... it very amusing, too. People (use) ... the strangest things as bookmarks. I have found a rasher of bacon (uncooked). Matchsticks (be) ... common and so (be) ... bus tickets. My colleagues (always find) a £10, but I haven't been so lucky! I often (think) ... of the photo of a beautiful woman which I found. On the back were the words: "I (love) ... you. I (miss) ... you and I'll never forget you."
7. Complete the sentences with the present simple or present progressive tense of the verbs in brackets. The adverbs in italics should be put in their correct position.
1. I (think) you already (know) my views on the matter. 2. I'm tired of working in an office. I (think) of changing my job. 3. I just (smell)your roses. They (not smell) wonderful? 4. I gradually (forget) all the physics I ever learnt at school- 5. You (see) that house over there? No, not there! You (not look) where my finger (point). 6. I (not hear) anything. You just (imagine) things. 7. The court (hear) this particular part of the evidence in private.
8. I just (taste) the cocktail to see if there's enough gin in it. How it (taste) to you?
9. I (think) my daughter (see) too much of that young ma n these days, and I (not approve) of it.
10. Don't take his remarks too seriously. He's so upset that I (not think) he really (know) what he (say). 11. The monument (stand) on a hill overlooking the town. 12. You (realize) that you (stand) on my toe? 13. The town (have) a population of 50,000.
8. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present progressive tense.
1. Cuckoos (not build) nests. They (use) the nests of the other birds. 2. You can't see Tom now: he (have) a bath. 3. He usually (drink) coffee but today he (drink) tea. 4. What she (do) in the evenings? ~ She usually (play) cards or (watch) TV. 5. I won't go out now as it (rain) and I (not have) an umbrella. 6. The last train (leave) the station at 11.30. 7 He usually (speak) so quickly that I (not understand) him. 8. Ann (make) a dress for herself at the moment. She (make) all her own clothes. 9. Hardly anyone (wear) a hat nowadays. 10. I'm afraid I've broken one of your coffee cups. ~ Don't worry. I (not like) that set anyway. 11. I (wear) my sunglasses today because the sun is very strong. 12. Tom can't have the newspaper now because his aunt (read) it. 13. I'm busy at the moment. I (redecorate) the sitting room.
14. The kettle (boil) now. Shall I make the tea? 15. You (enjoy) yourself or would you like to leave now? ~ I (enjoy) myself very much. I (want) to stay to the end. 16. How you (get) to work as a rule? ~ I usually (go) by bus but tomorrow I (go) in Tom's car. 17. Why you (put) on your coat? ~ I (go) for a walk. You (come) with me? ~ Yes, I'd love to come. You (mind) if I bring my dog? 18. How much you (owe) him? ~ I (owe) him £5. ~ You (intend) to pay him? 19. You (belong) to your local library? ~ Yes, I do. ~ You (read) a lot? ~ Yes, quite a lot. ~ How often you (change) your books? ~ I (change) one every day. 20. Mary usually (learn) languages very quickly but she (not seem) able to learn modern Greek. 21. I always (buy) lottery tickets but I never (win) anything. 22. You (like) this necklace? I (give) it to my daughter for her birthday tomorrow. 23. I won't tell you my secret unless you (promise) not to tell anyone. ~ I (promise).
24. You always (write) with your left hand? 25. You (love) him? ~ No, I (like) him very much but I (not love) him. 26. You (dream) at night? ~ Yes, I always (dream) and if I (eat) too much supper I (have) nightmares. 27. The milk (smell) sour. You (keep) milk a long time? 28. These workmen are never satisfied; they always (complain). 29. We (use) this room today because the window in the room is broken. 30. He always (say) that he will mend the window but he never (do) it. 31. You (know) why an apple (fall) down and not up? 32. You (write) to him tonight? ~ Yes, I always (write) to him on his birthday. You (want) to send any message?
33. Tom and Mr Pitt (have) a long conversation. I (wonder) what they (talk) about. 34. You (believe) all that the newspapers say? ~ No, I (not believe) any of it. ~ Then why you (read) newspapers? 35. This car (make) a very strange noise. You (think) it is all right? ~
Oh, that noise (not matter). It always (make) a noise like that. 36. The fire (smoke) horribly. I can't see across the room. ~ I (expect) that birds (build) a nest in the chimney. ~ Why you (not put) wire across the tops of your chimneys? ~ Tom (do) that sometimes but it (not seem) to make any difference.
9. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present progressive tense.
1. What Tom (think) of the Budget? ~ He (think) it most unfair. ~ I (agree) with him. 2. What this one (cost)? ~ It (cost) forty pence. 3. You (hear) the wind? It (blow) very strongly tonight.
4. You (see) my car keys anywhere? -No, I (look) for them but I (not see) them. 5. He never (listen) to what you say. He always (think) about something else. 6. This book is about a man who (desert) his family and (go) to live on a Pacific island. 7. You (understand) what the lecturer is saying? ~ No, I (not understand) him at all. 8. What you (have) for breakfast usually? ~ I usually (eat) a carrot and (drink) a glass of cold water. 9. When the curtain (rise) we (see) a group of workers. They (picket) a factory gate. 10. Why you (walk) so fast today? You usually (walk) quite slowly. ~ I (hurry) because I (meet) my mother at 4 o'clock and she (not like) to be kept waiting. II I (wish) that dog would lie down. He (keep) jumping up on my lap. ~ I (think) he (want) to go for a walk. 12. You (recognize) that man? ~ I (think) that I have seen him before but I (not remember) his name. 13. Look at that crowd. I (wonder) what they (wait) for. 14. This message has just arrived and the man (wait) in case you (want) to send a reply. 15. Stop! You (not see) the notice? ~ I (see) it but I can't read it because I (not wear) my glasses. What it (say)? ~ It (say) "These premises are patrolled by guard dogs". 16. She always (borrow) from me and she never (remember) to pay me back. 17. You (need) another blanket or you (feel) warm enough? 18. It (save) time if you (take) the path through the wood? ~ No, it (not matter) which path you take. 19. I (save) up because I (go) abroad in July. 20. I (think) it is a pity you don't take more exercise. You (get) fat. 21. The plane that you (look) at now just (take) off for Paris. 22. Tom never (do) any work in the garden; he always (work) on his car. 23. What he (do) to his car now? ~ I (think) he (polish) it. 24. That film (come) to the local cinema next week. You (want) to see it? 25. How Peter (get) on at school? ~ Very well. He (seem) to like the life. 26. Why Mrs Pitt (look) so angry? ~ Mr Pitt (smoke) a cigarette and (drop) the ash on the carpet. 27. This is our itinerary. We (leave) home on the 8th, (arrive) in Paris on the 9th, (spend) the day in Paris, and (set) out that night for Venice. ~ That (sound) most interesting. You must tell me about it when you (get) back. 28. This story is about a boy who (make) friends with a snake which he (find) in his garden. Then he (go) away but he (not forget) the snake and some years later he (return) and (look) for it. 29. He (find) the snake who (recognise) its old friend and (coil) round him affectionately. But, unfortunately, the snake is by now a full-grown boa-constrictor and its embrace (kill) the poor boy. 30. The snake (feel) sorry about this? ~ I (not know). The story (end) there. 31. How you (end) a letter that (begin) , "Dear Sir"? ~ I always (put), "Yours truly", but Tom (prefer) "Yours faithfully". 32. What the word "catastrophe" (mean)? ~ It (mean) "disaster". 33. What you (wait) for? ~ I (wait) for the shop to open. ~ But it (not open) till 9.00. ~ I (know) but I (want) to be early, as their sale (start) today.
34. Why you (smoke) a cigar, Mrs Pitt? You (not smoke) cigars as a rule. ~ I (smoke) it because I (want) the ash. This book (say) that cigar ash mixed with oil (remove) heat stains from wood. 35. Who (own) this umbrella? ~ I (not know). Everybody (use) it but nobody (known) who (own) it. 36. You (mind) if I (ask) you a question? ~ That (depend) on the question. ~ It (concern) your brother. ~ I (refuse) to answer any question about my brother.
10. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct present tense.
1. Ann sees Paul putting on his coat and says: Where you (go), Paul? Paul: I (go) to buy some cigarettes. You (want) an evening paper? 2. Ann: No, thanks. You are always buying cigarettes, Paul. How many you (smoke) a day? Paul: I (not smoke) very many — perhaps 20. Jack (smoke) far more than I (do). He (spend) £10 a week on cigarettes. 3. Mary (see) Peter standing at the bus stop. Mary: Hello, Peter. What bus you (wait) for? Peter: Hello, Mary. I (wait) for a 9 or a 14. 4. Mary: You usually (go) to work by car, don't you? Peter. Yes, but the car (belong) to my mother and she sometimes (want) it. She (use) it today to take Tom to the dentist. 5. Mary: I usually (go) by car too. Jack (take) me because he (pass) my office on his way to the factory. But this week he (work) in a factory in the opposite direction: so I (queue) like you. 6. Peter: Here's a 9 now. You (come) on it or you (wait) for a 14? Mary: I (think) I'll take the 9. If I (wait) for a 141 may be late, and if you (be) late at my office everyone (look) at you. 7. Mary and Ann (wait) outside a telephone box. Inside the box a boy (dial) a number. Mary: You (know) that boy? Ann: Yes, he's a friend of my brother's He (phone) his giri friend every day from this box. 8. Mary: Where he (come) from? Ann: He (come) from Japan. He's a very clever boy; he (speak) four languages. 9. Mary: I (wonder) what he (speak) now. Ann: Well, his girlfriend (come) from Japan too; so I (suppose) he (speak) Japanese. 10. It is 8.30 Tom and Ann (have) breakfast. They both (open) their letters. Tom: No one ever (write) to me. All I (get) is bills! You (have) anything interesting? 11. Ann: I've got a letter from Hugh. He (say) he (come) to London next week and (want) us to meet him for lunch. 12. Peter: You (have) traffic wardens in your country? Pedro: No, I (not think) so. You (not see) them in my town anyway. What exactly a traffic warden (do)? 13. Peter: He (walk) up and down the street and if a car (stay) too long at a parking place or (park) in a no-parking area he (stick) a parking ticket to the windscreen. 14. Look! He (put) a ticket on Tom's car. Tom will be furious when he (see) it He (hate) getting parking tickets. 15. Customer: I (want) to buy a fur coat. Have you any nice coats for about £500? Assistant: I'm afraid we just (close), madam. It's 4.55, and „re always (close) at 5.00. sharp on Fridays as Mr Jones the manager (not want) to miss his favourite television programme. 16. It is Friday evening and the Brown family are at home. jv\rs Brown (listen) to a concert on, the radio; Mr Brown (read) a paper, George Brown (do) his homework and Ann Brown (write) a letter. 17. Mr Brown always (read) his newspapers in the evenings. Mrs Brown sometimes (knit) but she (not knit) tonight. 18. Mr Black often (go) to the theatre but his wife (not go) very often. He (like) all sorts of plays. She (prefer) comedies.
19. Tonight they (watch) a very modern comedy. They (enjoy) it, but they (not understand) some of the jokes. 20. What (happen) in your class? The teacher (give) lectures
every day? ~ No, he (give) one lecture a week, and on the other days he (show) films or (discuss) books with us. 21. A bus conductor (get) more exercise than a bus driver. The driver just (sit) in his cab but the conductor (stand) and (walk) about and (run) up and down the stairs.
22. Why that man (stand) in the middle of the road? ~ He (try) to get across. He (wait) for a gap in the traffic. ~ Why he (not use) the subway? ~ Lots of people (not bother) to use the subway. They (prefer) to risk their lives crossing here. 23. You (wear) a new coat, aren't you? ~ Yes. You (like) it? ~ The colour (suit) you but (not fit) you very well. It's much too big. 24. All the guides here (speak) at least three foreign languages, because a lot of foreign visitors (come) every summer. 25. Paul (take) a party of French tourists round now and tomorrow an American party (come). 26. Englishmen very seldom (talk) on the Underground. They (prefer) to read their newspapers ~ Those two men in the corner (talk). ~ But they (not talk) English. 27. Jones and Co. (have) a sale at the moment. Shall we look in on our way home? ~ I'd love to but I'm afraid I won't have time. I (meet) Tom at 5.30. ~ You (go) out with Tom often? 28. I usually (go) by train, but this weekend I (go) by bus. It (take) longer but it (cost) less. 29. Ann (on telephone): You (do) anything at the moment, Sally? Sally: Yes. I (pack); I (catch) a plane to New York in three hours' time. Ann: Lucky girl! How long you (stay) in New York? 30. Peter: You (go) out tonight, Paul? Paul: No, I (stay) at home. The neighbours (come) in to watch TV.
Peter: You (invite) the neighbours often? Paul: No, but they (invite) themselves whenever there is a good programme. 31. Jack: I just (go) out to get an evening paper. Ann: But it (pour)! Why you (not wait) till the rain (stop)? (/ advise you to wait.) 32. Lucy: Tom (get) up very early but he (wash) and (shave) and (get) his breakfast so quietly that I (not hear) a thing. But I (hear) him driving away from the house because his car (make) a lot of noise. 33. Alice: My brother (get) up very early too. But he (make) such a lot of noise that he (wake) everybody up. He (sing) in his bath and (bang) doors and (drop) things in the kitchen and (play) the radio very loudly.
34. Lucy: Why you (not ask) him to be a bit quieter? Alice: I (mention) it every night but it (not do) any good. He (say) that he (not make) a sound, and I (think) he really (believe) it. 35. Tom: You (see) that man at the corner? He (keep) stopping people and asking them questions. You (think) he (ask) for directions? Jack: No, I (expect) he (make) a survey. Tom: How you (make) a survey? Jack: You (stop) people and (ask) them questions and (write) the answers on a report sheet. 36. In most countries a child (start) school at six and (stay) for about five years in a primary school. Then he (move) to a secondary school. At 17 or 18 he (take) an exam; if he (do) well in this exam he can go on to a university if he (wish).
11. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct present tense (the present simple or the present progressive).
1. Mrs Jones: My daughter never (write) to me so I never (know) what she (do). Your son (write) to you, Mrs Smith? Mrs Smith: Yes, I (hear) from him every week. He (seem) to like writing letters. 2. These apples (cost) 40p a bag. You (think) that is expensive? ~ It (depend) on the size of the bag. 3. I (see) my solicitor tomorrow (/ have arranged this); I (change) my will. ~
You always (change) your will. Why you (not leave) it alone? 4. You (look) very thoughtful. What you (think) about? ~ I (think) about my retirement. ~ But you're only 25. You only just (start) your career. ~ I (know); but I (read) an article which (say) that a sensible man (start) thinking about retirement at 25. 5. My next door neighbour always (knock) on my door and (ask) me to lend her Юр pieces. ~ What she (do) with them? ~ She (put) them in her gas meter. I really (not mind) lending her a few Юр pieces but what (annoy) me is that she (know) how many she (need) each week but never (take) the trouble to bring the right number home. ~
6. What she (do) if she (run out) of them when you are away? ~ Oh, she (borrow) from her other neighbour, Mr White; but this (take) longer because he always (want) her to stay and chat and she (find) it quite hard to get away from him. ~ 7. How much she (owe) you now? ~ I (not know); I (not keep) an account. Anyway she (leave) next week; she (get) married. I (try) to think of a suitable wedding present. ~ 8. Why you (not offer) to cancel her debt? ~ That (sound) rather a mean sort of present. Anyway she Probably (not realize) that she (owe) me money.
9. My brother (say) that people who (owe) him money always (seem) to forget about it, but people he (owe) money to always (remember) exactly. 10. I (not think) your brother (enjoy) the party. He (keep) looking at his watch. ~ Oh, I'm sure he (enjoy) it. He always (enjoy) your parties But I (know) he (want) to be home early tonight because he (expect) an important telephone call. 11. Jack: How much longer you (stay) in England? Paul: Only one more day. I (leave) tomorrow night. I (go) to Holland for two weeks. 12. Jack: And you (come) back to England after that or you (go) home? Paul: It (depend) on my father. But if he (agree) to let me go on studying here I'll certainly come back. And I (expect) he will agree. 13. Paul: By the way, Jack, Ann (see) me off at Victoria tomorrow. Why you (not come) too? You could have coffee with her afterwards. (Paul is advising/ inviting Jack to come and see him off.) 14. You (see) that man at the corner of the street? He is a private detective. He (watch) No 24. ~ How you (know) he (watch) No 24? ~ Because whenever anyone (come) out of, or (go) into, the house he (make) a note in his little book. 15. What all those people (do) in the middle of the street5 And why they (wear) such extraordinary clothes? ~ They (make) a film. Most of the crowd are local people who (work) as extras. ~ 16. It (sound) great fun. You (think) I could get a job as a film extra? ~
I (not know) but I (see) Ann over there; when they (finish) this scene I'll ask her if they still (take) on extras. ~ 17. Ann (act) in the film? ~ She has a small part. She (not act) very well. I (imagine) she got the part because she (know) the director. 18. My brother (live) next door and his two children (come) and (see) me every day. The boy (not bother) to knock at the door; he just (climb) in through the window; but the girl always (knock). 19. Tom: We (move) into our new house tomorrow. Bill: But why you (leave) your present house? It (suit) you all. Tom: Yes, I (know) it (do); but the Council (pull down) all the houses on this side. They (widen) the road. They (say) it's a bottleneck. 20. If you (ask) a friend if she (like) your new dress she usually (say) "Yes", so you (not know) whether she really (think) it (suit) you or whether she merely (be) polite. 21. If you (want) a candid opinion you'd better ask my sister. She never (tell) white lies; she always (say) exactly what she (think). 22. Your sister's frankness (annoy) people? ~
Yes, it (do). The average person (not want) a truthful answer; he (want) you to say something agreeable.. 23. I (hear) that you have bought a new house. ~ Yes, but I (not live) in it yet. They still (work) on it, and the work (take) longer than I expected. ~ 24. I (think) repair jobs always (take) longer than one (expect). What they (do) now? ~ They (put) in new electric points. They (seem) competent electricians but they (smoke) at their work and this (slow) them down. 25. They always (hammer) next door. ~ Yes, that house (keep) changing hands and the new owner always (begin) by putting in a new fireplace, and their fireplace is just on the other side of this wall so we (hear) everything. The wall (shake), too. 26. Ann (stir) something in a saucepan and Mary (stand) beside her holding a cookery book. Mary: It (say) "simmer", and you (boil) it, Ann. Ann: I (not think) it (matter) if you (cook) it quickly; but I (not know) why it (not get) thick. It usually (thicken) at once. 27. The hall (be) painted at the moment, so it (not look) its best. ~ But where are the painters? They (stop) work at 3.00? ~ No, they are in the kitchen. They (have) a tea break. 28. What the word "Establishment" (mean)? My dictionary (not give) an explanation. ~ It roughly (mean) the government and people who (have) power and authority.
29. If we (say) that Mr Brown (belong) to the Establishment we also (imply) that he (accept) the existing system. He (not try) to overthrow it. ~ 30. All rich men (belong) to the Establishment? ~ Middle-aged rich men probably (do) but rich young men like pop singers always (jeer) at the Establishment. The word (be used) chiefly in a pejorative sense. 31. The house opposite the college (be pulled) down. That's why we (use) the back entrance at present. If you (go) out by the front door you (get) covered with dust. 32. Tom: I (smell) something burning! Jack: So (do) I. I (think) it (come) from the kitchen. Ann probably (iron). She usually (iron) and (watch) TV at the same time and if she (get) very interested in a programme she (forget) that she (press) a hot iron on to somebody's shirt. Mother (think) of selling the TV set. 33. Mrs Jones: What you (look) for, Tom? Mr Jones: I (look) for the garage key. I always (look) for the garage key, because nobody ever (put) it back on its hook. Mrs Jones: I always (put) it back on its hook. Why you (not try) your pockets? (I advise to try your pockets). 34. Imagine that you (travel) by train, in a crowded compartment. One of the passengers (read) a newspaper; another (do) a crossword puzzle; another (look out) of the window. Suddenly the train (stop) with a jerk and your suitcase (fall) off the rack on to somebody's toes. 35. This is a story about an invalid who (spend) most of the day in bed. He has a powerful telescope and he (amuse) himself by watching the activities of the people in the opposite houses. One day when he (watch) No 24 he (see) a murder being committed. 36. The cashier used to do the accounts and I used to check his figures; now the computer (do) it all. ~ And who (check) the computer? ~ No one. The computer (not need) a second opinion. ~ And what (happen) if the computer (make) a mistake?
12. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense (the present progressive or future simple).
1. Tom: Where you (go) for your next holiday? (Where have you arranged to go?) Ann: I don't know yet but we probably (go) to Spain. 2. We (have) a drink with Peter tonight. (He has invited us.) It's his last night; he (leave) tomorrow. 3. Ann: Do you think we (see) Bill tomorrow? Mary: I hope so. He probably (look) in on his way to the airport. 4. I (see) my bank manager tomorrow. (/ have arranged this.) I'm going to ask him for a loan but I expect he (refuse). 5. I (know) the result tomorrow. As soon as I hear, I (tell) you. 6. Jack's mother: Jack (be) ready in a moment. He is just finishing breakfast. Jack's father: If I wait for him any longer I (miss) my train. I think I (walk) on; he probably (catch) me up. 7. I probably (come) to London some time next month. I (give) you a ring nearer the time and tell you when I (come). (when I have decided/arranged to come) 8. Hotel Porter: You (get) a parking ticket if you leave your car there, sir. If you (stay) the night (have arranged to stay) you (have to) put it in the hotel garage. Tourist: All right. I (move) it as soon as I've arranged about a room. 9. Ann: I've scorched Bill's shirt. Whatever he (say)? Mary: Oh, he (not mind). He just (buy) another shirt. He has plenty of money. 10. Peter: We'd better leave a message for Jack. Otherwise he (not know) where we've gone. George: All right. I (leave) a note on his table. 11. Jack: I don't want to get married. I never (get) married. Mother: You think that now. But one day you (meet) a girl and you (fall) in love. 12. Tom: I (go) to York tomorrow. (/ have arranged to go.) Ann: You (come) back the same day? (Have you arranged
to come back?) Tom: No, I probably (have) to spend the night there. 13. Peter: You (walk) home? (Have you decide to walk?) Andrew: Yes. It's too late for a bus. Peter. But it's pouring. You (get) soaked! Here, take this umbrella. Andrew: Thanks very much. I (bring) it back tomorrow. 14. Jack: I (have) another window put in. (I have arranged this.) They (start) work on it tomorrow. Ann: That (make) the room much brighter. 15. You (take) any exams this term? (Have you decided to take an exam?) ~ Yes, I (take) an English exam at the end of the month. ~
Do you think you (pass)? ~ I don't know. If I don't, I (take) it again at the end of next term.
16. Where you (meet) Tom? (Where have you arranged to meet him?) ~ We (meet) at Covent Garden. He (take) me to see The Magic Flute. 17. What you (do) next weekend? (What plans have you made?) ~ It depends on the weather. If it's fine we (go) somewhere in the car; if it's wet we probably (stay) at home. 18. When Jack (arrive)? (When did he say he'd arrive?) ~ Some time this evening. ~ And how he (get) here? (How has he arranged to
travel?) ~ I don't know yet. I suppose he (come) by car. 19. What they (do) for their holidays? (Have they decided to do?) ~ They (go) camping. ~ And what (happen) to their dog? (What plans have they made for the dog?) ~ They (take) the dog with them. I think he (enjoy) it more than they will. 20. Don't make a sound or you (wake) the baby; and then he (not get) to sleep again. 21. Mary: Don't forget that Tom's four boys (spend) the weekend here. I don't know how we (manage) with four boys under our feet in this small house. Jack: I have an idea. We (turn) the attic into a playroom Then they (be able) to play trains without tripping anyone up.
22. Tom: Peter's just phoned to say that he (catch) (has arranged to catch) the 8.10 train and (be) here by 9.00. 23. When George (come) out of hospital? (What date has been fixed?) ~
I don't know. They (move) him (have arranged to move) to the County Hospital next week so I (have) to ask them about coming out dates. 24. I (ring) Peter tonight. (We have arranged this.) I (ask) him to ring you? ~ No, don't bother. I (be) away most of the week. I (write) to him. (not a previous decision) 25. Don't worry about meals tomorrow. Everything's been arranged. We (have) breakfast on the train, we (lunch) with the manager — he (stand) us lunch — and the Smiths (give) us dinner after the show. 26. Tom (who has just dropped his key on the path): Never mind; Mary's at home. She (let) us in and we (find) the key tomorrow when it's light.
27. George and Lucy (get) married next week. You (go) to the wedding? ~ No, I wasn't invited. They (have) a big wedding? 28. I (wait) for you? ~ No, don't bother. This (take) a long time, I'm sure, and I don't want you to miss your train. 29. Tom, the host: What you (have), Paul? Paul: I (have) the grilled steak, please. Tom: And I (have) roast duck. (He gives his orders to the waiter and then studies the wine list.) Hm. You (have) steak and I (have) duck. We (have) some red wine. 30. Jack: I (give) you a lift to work tomorrow if you like. Tom: Have you borrowed a car?
Jack: No, I've just bought one. I (collect) it this afternoon. 31. Ann: Peter has set his alarm clock for 5 a.m. He (get) up very early, isn't he? Mother: Early! Do you know what (happen)? The alarm bell (ring), Peter (sleep) through it and he (come) down to breakfast at the usual time or a little later. 32. Peter. I (be) promoted next week. Mr Jones (leave) and I (take) over the department. (These arrangements have already been made.) Ann: At this rate you soon (be) a director, and then you (spend) two hours a day on business lunches and (lose) your figure.
33. Tom: I (fly) to New York next week. (This has been arranged.) Jack: You (take) your wife with you? Tom: No, I know that if I take her she (spend) all her time and most of my money in the New York shops. 34. Mary: Jack and I (go) out tonight. We (have) dinner at the Festival Hall and (go) to a concert afterwards. Ann: And what about the children? I (come) and babysit if
you like. Mary: Oh, my neighbour (come) in to sit with them. But thank you for offering, Ann. I (ask) you next time. 35. Nadia: I see that Amadeus (come) to our local cinema next week.
George: Oh, good. We (go) and see it together on Monday night? Nadia: Yes, let's I (get) the book out of the library and then I (be able) to compare the book and the film. George: If you do that out loud during the film I (not pay) for your supper afterwards. 36. Ann (reading newspaper): It says here that Smith's (open) their new department next week, and that they (have) a sale to give it a good start. I think I (look) in on Monday at lunchtime. Mary: Good idea! I (come) too. Peter (entering room): Where you girls (have) lunch today'' Mary: We (miss) lunch. We(go) to a sale instead. The present progressive and be going to
13. Put the verbs in brackets into one of the above forms, using the present progressive wherever possible.
1. Where you (go) for your holidays? ~ I (go) to Norway -What you (do) there? ~ I (fish).
2 Where you (go) this evening? ~ I (not go) anywhere. I (stay) at home. I (write) some letters
3. Take an umbrella; it (rain). 4. How long you (stay) in this country? (have you decided to stay?) ~ Another month. I (go) home at the end of the month. ~ What you (do) then? ~ I (try) to get a job. 5. I (dye) these curtains. ~ You (do) it yourself, or (have) it done? ~ I (have) it done. Who should I take them to? 6. I've seen the film, now I (read) the book. I've just got a copy from the library. (/ haven't started the book yet.) I. You (do) anything next weekend? ~ Yes, my nephews (come) and I (show) them round London. ~ You (take) them to the theatre? (Have you booked seats?) ~ No, they're too young for that. I (take) them to the zoo. 8. We (start) early tomorrow. We (go) to Ben Nevis. ~ You (climb) Ben Nevis? ~ Not me. Tom (climb) it. I (sit) at the bottom and (do) some sketching. 9. Uncle: I hear you (go) to the regatta tomorrow You (sail) in it? Niece: No, but we (take) our cameras. We (try) to photograph the winning yachts. 10. You (not ask) your boss to give you a fire in your office? ~ It isn't worth while. I (leave) at the end of the week. ~ Really? And what you (do) then? You (have) a holiday? ~ No, I (start) another job the following Monday. II. I hear you've bought a caravan. You (use) it for your holidays? ~ No, I (live) in it. I (start) moving my things next week. ~ What you (do) with your house? ~ I (sell) it to the man who sold me the caravan. He (get) married next month. 12. Mrs Jones (go) to hospital. She (have) her appendix out. ~ Who (look) after the children? ~ Her sister (come) down from Scotland. 13. He isn't happy at his boarding school. I (send) him to a day school. ~ Have you decided on the other school? ~ No, but I (see) (have an appointment with) the headmaster °f the Park School this afternoon. I'll probably send him there. 14. Tom (arrive) tomorrow. ~ He (spend) the weekend here or (catch) the night train back as usual? ~
He (spend) the weekend. He (give) a lecture on Friday and (attend) a big reception on Saturday.
15. He (bring) his wife with him? (Has he arranged to bring his wife?) ~ Yes. She (do) some shopping while he (give) his lecture. 16. I've just arranged to do a part-time job. I (start) on Monday. ~ What you (do) the rest of the time? ~ I (study). 17. You (go) abroad for your holiday? ~ Well, I (get) a holiday job. I (go) to an agent's on Saturday to find out about it. I (ask) for a job abroad; but of course they may all be taken. ~ You might get a job picking grapes. Jack (join) a camp in the South of France — his university arranged it — and they all (pick) grapes. 18. I (buy) a new coat. The weather report says that it (be) very cold. 19. Ann has won a car in a competition but she can't drive. Tom: What you (do) with the car? You (sell) it? Ann: No, I (learn) to drive. I (have) my first lesson next Monday. 20. I hear you've bought a new house. ~ Yes. I (move) in next week. ~ You (have) a house warming party? ~ Not just yet. I (paint) the house first. The paintwork's terrible. 21. You (have) it done? (Have you arranged to have it done?) ~ No, I (do) it myself. I (use) that non-drip paint so it shouldn't be too difficult. And the family (help), of course. ~ What about ladders? ~ Oh, I've fixed that. I (hire) from the local do-it-yourself shop. 22. I (do) a lot of work in the garden, too. I (plant) 20 apple trees and (make) a lawn in front of the house. ~ All that digging will take years. You (give) up your job? 23. I (get) some help with the garden. (/ have arranged Ms-) Two men (start) work on the hedge on Friday and a lawn expert (come) on Monday to advise me about the lawn. 24. The employers (meet) the strikers again tomorrow. (This has been arranged.) ~ They just (repeat) what they said today? Or they (climb) down? ~ I believe that they (offer) a 10 per cent rise plus a productivity bonus.
14. Put the verbs in brackets into present progressive or the future simple using the present progressive where possible.
(The be going to form could be used here instead of the present progressive, but for the sake of simplicity students are advised to use only the two tenses first mentioned.)
1. I am sure that I (recognize) him. 2. I (see) her tomorrow. 3. He (play) in a tennis match on Friday. 4. She (come) back on Monday. 5. I (go) again next year. 6. We (know) tonight.
7. You pay and I (owe) you the money. 8. I (believe) it when I see it. 9. I (have) my car repainted next week. 10. I hope that you (have) a good time tomorrow. 11. His speech (be) broadcast tonight. 12. The window-cleaner (come) at eight tomorrow. 13. Tom (catch) the 7.40 train. 14. Where you (meet) them? ~ I (meet) them at midnight in the middle of the wood.
15. What horse you (ride) tomorrow? 16. Look! I've broken the teapot. What Mrs Pitt (say)? ~ She (not mind); she never liked that one. 17. I've left the light on. It (matter)? 18. He (not forget) to come. 19. He (leave) in a few days. 20. I (remember) it. 21. If you drop that bottle it (break). 22. I never (forgive) him. 23. I'm sure that you (like) him. 24. They (lay) the foundations next week. 25. You (see) a signpost at the end of the road. 26. He has cut my hair too short. ~ Don't worry; it (grow) again very quickly. 27. You (understand) when you are older.
28. The cat (scratch) you if you pull its tail. 29. I (be) back at 8.30. 30. If he doesn't work hard he (not pass) his exam. 31. She (go) on a cruise next summer. 32. I (move) to a new flat next week. 33. I am sorry that the child saw the accident. ~ I don't think it matters. He soon (forget) all about it. 34. I (wait) here till he comes back. 35. He (not write) to you unless you write to him. 36. There (be) a big meeting here tomorrow.
15. Put in be going or will.
1. Look out — we ... crush! 2. "There's the doorbell." "I ... go". 3. We promise that if you vote for us we ... double your income in twelve months. 4. Would you excuse us? I ... have a bath.
5. If you say that again I ... hit you. 6. The next train to arrive at platform six ... be the delayed since thirty-two service for Bristol. 7. I wonder what she ... do with that hammer. 8. "Can somebody answer the phone?" "I ... ." 16. Make future sentences with going to from the clue words under the lines. Add necessary words. Complete the short answers.
A.:_____________________________________________- (We, have a great picnic tomorrow afternoon) L:. Yes___________________________________________ (What, we, do, tomorrow night?) S.: Oh, I don't know._______________________________. (I, not make plans in advance.) В.: You always do things at the last minute! Don't you ever plan your life?
S.: Of course I do. For instance,________________________ (I, come back to campus, next Monday morning.) В.: Of course_________________But what about next semester? ________________________ (you, continue to study psychology?) S.: I have no idea_____________________________________ (you change your courses, in February?)
В.: No_______________________________________________ (I take biology and math until June.) (Next year, I graduate.) (I apply to grad school, next autumn.) (my girlfriend and I, get married in two years.) Then...______________________________________________
(we, have our first child, in 1999.) S.: Okay, okay!
17. Write the missing words or word parts in the blanks. Use the future form with going to. Complete the short answers.
L:. ............... go on the picnic. And I ............... bring fried chicken and a chocolate cake!
D.: You ............ fry chicken? ............ you .........bring potato salad, too?
L.: Yes........................... And there ...................... be steaks, too.
D.: Really? Then I ............... not ............ play basketball tomorrow. I............go to the picnic.
S.: ............... you ............. go, Dave? Then I ............... not ................... stay at home with my little brother. We .................. be there, too!
Л.: Terrific1 Lisa, how about your friend Sally? .................. she join us?
L.: Yes, she............. She.........drive.
F.: Sally? You mean that beautiful blond? Then Bill and I ............... come along too!
be going to and will + infinitive
18. Put the verbs in brackets into one of the above forms.
1. Where are you off to with that ladder? ~ I (have) a look at the roof; it's leaking and I think a tile has slipped. 2. We bought our new garage in sections and we (assemble) it ourselves. ~
That sounds rather interesting. I (come) and help you if you like. 3. Why do you want all the furniture out of the room? ~ Because I (shampoo) the carpet. It's impossible to do it unless you take everything off it first. 4. Here are the matches: but what do you want them for? ~ I (make) a bonfire at the end of the garden; I want to burn that big heap of rubbish. ~ Well, be careful. If the fire gets too big it (burn) the apple trees. 5. Have you decided on your colour scheme? ~
Oh yes, and I've bought the paint. I (paint) this room blue and the sitting room green. 6. Why are you asking everyone to give you bits of material? ~ Because I (make) a patchwork quit.
7. I wonder if Ann knows that the time of the meeting has been changed. ~ Probably not. I (look) in on my way home and tell her. I'm glad you thought of it. 8. Leave a note for them on the table and they (see) it when come in. 9. I'm afraid I'm not quite ready. ~ Never mind. I (wait). 10. Do you have to carry so much stuff on your backs? ~ Yes, we do. We (camp) out and (cook) our own meals, so we have to carry a lot. 11. I've been measuring the windows. I (put) in double glazing. 12. You (wear) that nice dress in a dinghy? ~ Of course not! I (sit) on the pier and (watch) you all sailing. I (not get) all wet and muddy and pretend that I'm enjoying it!
13. If you leave your keys with the hall porter he (take) the car round to the garage. 14. Shop assistant; We have some very nice strawberries. Customer. All right. I (have) a pound. 15. Husband: This bread is absolutely tasteless! I wish we could have home-made bread. Wife: All right. I (start) making it. I (get) a book about home baking today, and from now on I (bake) all our bread! 16. Mary: Ann's busy baking. Apparently she (bake) all their bread from now on.
Jean: She soon (get) tired of that. 17. Why have you brought your camera? You (try) to take photographs? It's not allowed, you know. ~ No, I (try) to sell the camera. ~ That's not allowed either. If a policeman sees you, he (confiscate) the camera. 18. Tom to Jack, who has just helped him to change a wheel: I (have) to leave this at the garage; I don't know how to mend a puncture in a tubeless tyre. Jack: But it's quite easy. I (come) round this evening and show you if you like. 19. Later: Tom to wife: I (not take) the tyre to the garage. I (mend) it myself. Jack (help) me. 20. Why are you rolling up the carpets? You (paint) the ceiling ~
No, I (take) the carpet to the cleaner's. 21. Ann: Here's the letter to the landlord. If there's anything I should add, say so and I (add) it. Peter: It's fine, but it's illegible. He (not be able) to read it. Ann: Oh, I (type) it! (She had always intended to type it.) Peter: Good, then we (have) a copy. 22. Employer: But there are a lot of mistakes in this, Miss Jones. Miss Jones: Yes, I suppose there are. All right, I (type) it again. 23. Mrs Smith: Your cold's worse, Ann. Go back to bed and I 'ring) the school and tell them you can't come. 24. Mrs Smith was just picking up the receiver when her husband came downstairs. "Ann's not well," she said. "I (ring) the school and say that she can't come." 25. Ann: Why are you taking fishing rods? You (not climb) the mountain after all? Tom: We (climb) and fish. There's a lake on top and we (try) to get some fish out of it. Ann: Well, if you catch any I (cook) them; but I think I (buy) some all the same. 26. Mary, meeting Jack carrying two buckets of water: Hello, Jack! Where's the fire?
Jack: I (wash) the car, if you want to know. Would you like to help me? Mary: I'm not dressed for it but I (come) and watch. 27. Where are all those children off to with baskets? ~ They (pick) blackberries. They probably (come) back at 6.00 with their baskets crammed and then their mothers (start) making jam. 28. Ann: You (have) to go now, Tom, or you (be) late. Mary: But it's pouring. He (get) soaked if he goes out in that. Tom: You're right. You (let) me stay a little longer? 29. George and Paul find an injured man lying by the roadside. Paul: I (stay) with him, George, if you go back and get help. George: All right. I (try) to get a lift back. 30. No, I'm not going away for the weekend. I'm staying at home. I (start) building my garage. The bricks have come at last. ~ You (do) it all by yourself? ~ No, my nephew (help) me. I suggested it to him yesterday and he was quite enthusiastic. 31. He says he's tired of writing books about horrible people who get more and more horrible on every page, and now he (write) about perfectly charming people who are happily married. ~ I wonder if anyone (buy) it. ~
Oh yes, people (buy) it. He's a famous writer. 32. I hear the farmer down the road has hired a bulldozer. ~ Yes, he (dig) up all his hedges and put in fences instead. 33. The new owner (make) any changes? He's made some already. You should see his new menus. He (concentrate) more on the restaurant than the shop. 34. What do you want all those corks for? ~ I've bought a cask of wine and I (bottle) it myself. 35. There's someone at the door. ~
I (go). But I expect it's someone for you. 36. Where are you all going? ~ There's nothing to eat or drink here except one chop and a bottle of champagne, so we (buy) some fish and chips and eat them in the car. Come with us. ~ No, thanks. I think I (stay) and use the chop and champagne.
The future progressive and will + infinitive
19. Put the verbs in brackets into one of the above forms.
1. Jack usually gives me a lift home, but we both (come) home by train tomorrow as his car is being repaired. 2. He says he (meet) us at the bus stop, but I'm not sure he (forget) to turn up.
3. Don't ring now; she (watch) her favourite TV programme. ~ . All right. I (ring) at 8.30. 4. I wonder what I (do) this time next year. ~ I expect you still (work) at the same office. 5. I'd like to double-glaze the bedroom windows. ~ All right. I (get) the materials at once and we (do) it this weekend. 6. Wait a bit. Don't drink your tea without milk. The milkman (come) in a minute.
7. What are you doing next weekend? ~ Oh, I (work) as usual. I'm always on duty at weekends.
8. Air hostess: We (take) off in a few minutes. Please fasten your seat belts. 9. He (come) if you ask him. 10. I arranged to play tennis with Tom at nine tonight. ~ But you (play) in semi-darkness. You won't be able to see the ball. 11. I (get) you some aspirins if you like. The chemist's still (be) open. ~ No, don't bother. The office boy (go) out in a minute to post the letters; I (ask) him to buy me some. 12. It (be) very late when she gets home and her parents (wonder) what's happened. 13. I never (be) able to manage on my own.~ But you won't be on your own. Tom (help) you. Look — his name is bracketed with yours on the list. ~ Oh, that's all right. But Tom (not help) me: I (help) Tom. He always takes charge when we're on duty together. 14. I (write) postcards every week, I promise, and I (try) to make them legible. If necessary I (type) them. 15. Typist: Are you in a hurry for this letter, Mr Jones? Because I (type) Mr White's letters at four o'clock and if yours could wait till — Mr Jones: I'd like it a little earlier than four if possible. Typist: All right. I (type) it for you now. 16. What happened at last night's meeting? I hear there was quite a disturbance. ~ Come and see me and I (tell) you. I don't want to talk about it on the phone. 17. I'm going to Switzerland next week. ~ You're lucky. The wild flowers just (come) out. 18. This time next month the snow (melt) and skiing will be over. 19. The first day of the term will be horrible, for everybody (talk) about their holidays and (show) photographs of marvellous foreign beaches, and as I haven't been anywhere I (feel) terribly out of it. 20. I (tell) her what you say but she (not believe) it. 21. It's 7 a.m. and here we are on top of a mountain. At home people just (get) up now. 22. But you can't go to a fancy dress party in a dinner jacket! ~ Why not? ~ Because everyone (wear) fancy dress. ~ All right. I (wrap) the hearthrug round me and (go) as a caveman. 23. The coming election (be) the main topic of conversation for the next fortnight. The party leaders (speak) on TV and the local candidates (address) meetings in the constituencies. 24. This time tomorrow everyone (read) of your success, and all sorts of people (ring) up to congratulate you. 25. That oak tree still (stand) there fifty years from now. 26. You please (forward) my mail to the Grand Hotel? I (stay) there as usual for the first fortnight in August. 27. Heavens! Look at the time. Your father (come) home ;n a minute and I haven't even started getting dinner ready! 28. James (leave) for Australia quite soon. He has got a job there. 29. The car (not start). ~ If you get in, Tom and I (give) it a push. 30. It's nearly Christmas already. Carol singers (come) round soon.
31. On the news tonight they mentioned the possibility of a power strike. Everybody (look) for candles tomorrow. 32. Hotel receptionist on phone to client: What time you (arrive), Mr Jones? Mr Jones: I (travel) on the 4.30. from Victoria. There (be) taxis at the station? Receptionist: Don't bother about taxis, Mr Jones. We (send) the hotel car down for you.
33. You (use) your dictionary this afternoon? ~ No. You can borrow it if you like. ~ Thanks very much. I (put) it back on your desk this evening. 34. Ann: This time next week I (have) my first skating lesson. Tom: And this time next month you (hobble) about, covered in bruises!
35. It's a beautiful drive. I'm sure you (enjoy) the scenery. ~ I (not have) a chance to look at it. I (map-read), and Tom gets so furious if I make a mistake that I (be) afraid to take my eyes off the map. 36. I (write) in code if you insist, but I don't think it's at all necessary. The future progressive and will (mostly negative)
20. Put the verbs in brackets into one of the above forms.
1. You ask him. It's no good my asking him. He (not do) anything I say. 2. Ann says she (not come) if Tom is driving. She says she doesn't want to die yet. ~ Well, tell her Tom (not drive). He's had his licence suspended. 3. Pupil to teacher: I (not come) back next term. My parents want me to get a job. 4. Headmaster. I (not have) girls here in slacks. If you come here tomorrow in slacks I'll send you home. Girl: All right, I (not come) tomorrow. I'll get a job.
5. Mother: I'm so grateful for the help you've given Jack; I hope you'll be able to go on helping him. Teacher: I'm afraid I (not teach) him next term because I only teach the fifth form and he'll be in the sixth. 6. Schoolboy (in school dining hall): The last week of our last term! I wonder what we (do) this time next year. Friend: Well, we (not eat) school dinners anyway. That's one comfort. 7. They give very good dinners at the school but my daughter (not eat) them. She prefers to go out and buy fish and chips. 8. Yes, you can stroke the dog; he (not bite) you.
9. Shall we meet him at the station? ~ Oh, he (not come) by train. He never comes by train.
10. I've fished that river every year for the last fifteen years. -Well, nobody (fish) it next year. The water's been polluted. All the fish are dead. 11. I'll cook any fish you catch, but I (not clean) them. You'll have to do that yourself. 12. I (not show) any films this time. The projector's broken down. 13. Housewife: This time next week I (not wash) up the breakfast things. I (have) breakfast in bed in a luxury hotel. 14. I (not wear) glasses when you see me next. I'll be wearing contact lenses. You probably (not recognize) me. 15. I'll tell him the truth of course. But it (not be) any good. He (not believe) me. 16. Customer: When you deliver my next order —
Shop assistant: We (not deliver) any more orders, I'm afraid. This branch is closing down.
17. It'll be easy to pick her out in that bright red coat of hers. ~ But she (not wear) the red coat! She's given it away. 18. No, I (not tell) you the end! Go on reading and find out for yourself!
19. You (not use) your car when you're on holiday, will you? ~ No, but don't ask me to lend it to you because I (not do) it. Not after what happened last time. 20. I (have) to be a bit careful about money when I retire because I'll only be getting half my present salary. But of course I (not pay) so much tax. 21. You can either pay the fine or to go to prison for a month. ~
I (not pay) the fine. ~ Then you (have) to go to prison. 22. He's a clever boy but he's lazy. He (not work). 23. I wonder how Jack (get on) with the new secretary. ~ Oh, Jack (not work) here after this week. He's being transferred. 24. According to the brochures this hotel prides itself on its service, but the staff not even (show) a guest to his room unless he insists. I (not come) here again.
21. Put the verbs in brackets into the future progressive tense.
1. This time next month I (sit) on a beach. 2. When you arrive I probably (pick) fruit. 3. When we reach England it very likely (rain). 4. In a few days time we (fly) over the Pyrenees. 5. I'll call for her at eight. ~ No, don't; she still (have) breakfast then. 6. I (wait) for you when you come out. 7. When you next see me I (wear) my new dress. 8. My son will be in the sixth form next year. ~ That means that old Dr Adder (teach) him mathematics. 9. I'll give Jack your message. I can do it easily because I (see) him tomorrow. We go to work on the same train.
10. You (do) geometry next term. 11. I'll look out for you at the parade. ~ Do, but I (wear) uniform so you may find it hard to recognize me. 12. We have to do night duty here. I (do) mine next week. 13. In a hundred years' time people (go) to Mars for their holidays. 14. He (use) the car this afternoon. 15. I (see) you again. 16. It's a serious injury but he (walk) again in six weeks. 17. I'll come at three o'clock. ~ Good, I (expect) you. 18. They are pulling down all the old houses in this street I expect they (pull) down mine in a few years' time. 19. I'd like to see your new flat. ~ Well, come tomorrow, but it (not look) its best, for the painters still (work) on it.
20. Stand there, they (change) the guard in a minute and you'll get a good view. 21. You'd better go back now; your mother (wonder) where you are. 22. In fifty years' time we (live) entirely on pills. 23. What do you think the children (do) when we get home? ~ I expect they (have) their supper. 24. The garden (look) its best next month. 25. It won't be easy to get out of the country. The police (watch) all the ports. 26. What the tide (do) at six tomorrow morning? ~ It (come) in. 27. I've just remembered that I left the bathroom taps on. I expect the water (flow) down the stairs by now. 28. You (need) your camera tomorrow or can I borrow it? 29. We've just got to the top in time. The sun (rise) in a minute. 30. Air hostess. We (take off) in a few minutes. Please fasten your safety belts. 31. We'd better go out tomorrow because Mary (practise) the piano all day. 32. Don't ring her up at 6.00; she (put) the children to bed. Ring later. 33 We are making a house-to-house collection of things for the jumble sale. We (come) to your house next week. 34. That football club has lost some of its players. They (look out) for new men. 35. When I get home my dog (sit) at the door waiting for me. 36. Let's go down to the harbour; the fishing boats all (come) in because of the gale.
22. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate future form, using will + infinitive or the future progressive.
(Where alternative forms are possible they will be given in the key.) 1. There is going to be a bus strike. Everyone (walk) to work next week. 2. You've just missed the last train! ~ Never mind, I (walk). 3. I'll ring you tomorrow at six. ~ No, don't ring at six; I (bath) the baby then. Ring later. 4. Mother. Your face is dirty. Child: All right, I (wash) it. 5. Will you have lunch with me on the 24th? ~ I'd love to, but I'm afraid I (do) my exam then. 6. I (work) for Mr Pitt next week as his own secretary will be away. 7. You (have) something to drink, won't you? 8. Why did you take his razor? He (look) for it everywhere tomorrow. 9. I hope you'll do well in the race tomorrow. I (think) of you. 10. Notice on board ship: In the event of an emergency all passengers (assemble) on the boat deck. 11. I don't feel well enough to go to the station to meet him. ~ I (meet) him for you. But how I (recognize) him? ~ He's small and fair, and he (wear) a black and white school cap. 12. I (leave) these flowers at the hospital for you. I (go) there anyway to visit my cousin. 13. You ought to try to get a ticket for the Spectators' Gallery next week; they (debate) international fishing rights. 14. You've left the light on. ~ Oh, so I have. I (go) and turn it off. 15. I've just been appointed assistant at the local library. ~ Then you (work) under my sister. She is head librarian there. 16. I want to post this letter but I don't want to go out in the rain. ~ I (post) it for you. I (go) out anyway as I have to take the dog for a walk.
17. The prima ballerina is ill so I expect her understudy (dance) instead. 18. Today is Guy Fawkes' Day; this evening people (let) off fireworks and (make) bonfires in the streets. 19. Military order: Sentries (remain) on duty till they are relieved. 20. This time next Monday I (sit) in a Paris cafe reading le Figaro. ~ You (not read) You'll be looking at all the pretty girls. 21. Wages have gone up, so I suppose prices (go up) too. 22. It is nearly autumn; soon the leaves (change) colour. 23. Mother (on phone): My son has just burnt his hand very badly. Doctor. I (come) at once. 24. Customer in restaurant: Waiter, this plate is dirty. Waiter. I'm sorry, sir, I (bring) you another. 25. In a few years' time we all (live) in houses heated by solar energy.
26. It's beginning to get dark; the street lights (go on) in a few minutes. 27. We (not play) poker at the party tonight; our hostess doesn't approve of cards. 28. Let's wait here; the swing bridge (open) in a minute to let that ship through. 29. Guest: May I use your phone to ring for a taxi? Hostess: Oh, there's no need for that; my son (drive) you home. 30. Come on deck; we (enter) harbour in a few minutes. 31. Before you leave the office you (hand) the keys of the safe to Mr Pitt. Do you understand? ~ Yes, sir. 32. Are you nearly ready? Our guests (arrive) any minute.
33. Loudspeaker announcement: The ship (leave) in a few minutes and all persons not travelling are asked to go ashore. 34. Now that the parking regulations have become stricter, more people (use) public transport and (leave) their cars at home. 35. I've got rats in my basement and I don't know how to get rid of them. ~ I (bring) my dog round whenever you like. He (catch) them for you. 36. I'm afraid I've just broken your goldfish bowl. ~ Never mind, I (put) the goldfish in the bath.
23. put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate future form, using won't + infinitive or the future progressive negative. (Where other future forms are possible this will be noted in the key.)
1. I don't like that man and I (not help) him. 2. He (not meet) her, because they will be in different places. 3. My husband (not cut) down the tree. He says that it is perfectly all right as it is. 4. My husband (not cut) the hedge for some time, because he's got a lot of other jobs to do first. 5. Tom (not come) to our party, because he will be away on that date. 6. Peter says that he (not come) to our party. He doesn't approve of parties. 7. She says that she (not lend) me the book, because I never give books back. 8. Mr Pitt (not speak) at the meeting tonight, because he has unexpectedly had to go to hospital. 9. I'll work under anyone except my brother. I (not work) under him. 10. We'll be in the same firm, but we (not work) together, because we'll be in different departments. 11. I (not have) that boy in my class. He is far too noisy. 12. I (not teach) you next week, as I have to go to Paris. 13. He is so angry with his sister that he (not speak) to her. 14. I'll give your message to my sister when I write; but I (not write) for some time, as I only write once a month and I posted a letter to her yesterday.
15. I (not feed) your dog again. He always tries to bite me when I come near him. 16. They were very rude to me. I (not go) there again. 17. He said, "I (not paint) you in that dress. It does not suit you." 18. I (not take) any photographs for some time because my camera is being repaired. 19. I (not borrow) his van again. The brakes don't work Properly. 20. That boy (not wash) his face. He likes being dirty. 21. You can have the car tomorrow if you like. I (not use) it as I'll be far too busy to go out. 22. She says that she (not send) the child to school, no matter what we say. She thinks it is far better to educate children at home. 23. He says he (not play) for them again, because they aren't giving him enough money. 24. She (not sing) at the next concert, because she has had to go home suddenly. 25. I (not play) cards with you again. You always cheat. 26. She (not take) part in the bridge tournament, because she'll be away then. 27. I (not eat) any more of this; I feel queer already. 28. I (not eat) curry again for a long time, because I am going to stay in a house where no one knows how to cook it. 29. He says that he (not ride) that mare again, because she's dangerous. 30. Tom (not ride) in tomorrow's race, because he is too young. They don't allow riders under sixteen. 31. Whisky is absolutely necessary to me and I (not give) it up 32. Jack (not drink) whisky this time next week, because he'll be in hospital and they won't give it to him there. 33. I (not open) the window. I dislike fresh air. 34. There is something on his mind, but he (not tell) me what it is.
35. The cat (not eat) fish so I have to buy meat for him. 36. He (not wear) uniform when you see him, because he'll be on leave then, and they don't wear uniform when they are on leave
24. Put the verbs in brackets into one of the four forms ( will, be going to, the present progressive or the future progressive). When more than one answer is possible, this will be noted in the key.
1. Why are you taking all that bread with you? You (feed) the swans? 2. You (let) your flat again next summer? 3. You (light) the fire for me, please? Here are the matches 4. You (wear) a tie tomorrow?~ Oh no. Tom said, "Come as you are." 5. I know you don't like wearing ties, but (wear) one tomorrow, just to please me? ~ Yes, of course. 6. Shop assistant: You (come) this way, please? 7.You (have) something more to eat? ~ Yes, please. I'd like another sandwich.
8. You (have) anything more to eat? ~ No, because I haven't any more money. 9. You (study) computer programming at college? 10. You (speak) to Tom at the meeting tomorrow, do you think? 11. You (turn) off the TV, please? No, one is watching it. 12. You (take) your exam now or in December? 13. You (listen) in to the concert this evening? 14. You (help) me with this, please? I can't lift it. 15. Hotel receptionist: You (stay) for more than one night, Mrs Jones?
16. You (lend) me your typewriter for an hour? I want to type a letter. 17. You (meet)him at the station? ~ No, we never meet him. He doesn't like being met. 18. You (come) sailing with me this afternoon? ~ No, thank you, I don't like sailing. 19. You (have) some more wine? ~ Yes, please. 20. I can't understand this letter. You (translate) it for me, Miss Pitt? 21. You (use) your camera this afternoon? ~ No, you can borrow it if you like. 22. You (go) to the tobacconist's? ~ Yes. ~ Then you (get) me twenty cigarettes? 23. You (come) to the Motor Show with me next Wednesday? ~ Thank you very much. I'd love to. 24. I'll be going abroad next week. Is there anything I can get you? ~ You (pass) through Paris? ~ Yes, I (spend) a few days there. ~ Then you (get) me some scent? 25. I see that you are repairing your old henhouse. You (keep) hens? 26. I've just bought my tickets. ~ You (travel) by sea or air? 27. What are all these slates for? You (repair) your roof? 28. You (hold) my parcels, please, while I put up my umbrella?
29. You (go) to Madeira as usual this summer? 30. You kindly (explain) why you didn't do what I told you? 31. You (recognize) him, do you think? 32. I've chosen a school for my son. ~
You (send) him to a public school or to a State school? 33. Passenger to bus conductor: You (tell) me where to get off, please? 34. You (go) by car? If so, would you give my brother a lift?
35. You (type) all night again? Because if so I think I'll go to a hotel. 36. You (stop) interrupting! I'll never get finished if you don't keep quiet.
25. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect tense.
1. I hope they (repair) this road by the time we come back next summer. 2. By the end of next week my wife (do) her spring cleaning and we'll all be able to relax again. 3. Yes, I make jam every week. I (make) about 200 kilos by the end of the summer. 4. In two months' time he (finish) his preliminary training and will be starting work. 5. He spends all his spare time planting trees. He says that by the end of next year he (plant) 2,000. 6. I'll be back again at the end of next month. ~ I hope I (pass) my driving test by then. If I have, I'll meet your train. 7. Come back in an hour. I (do) my packing by then and we'll be able to have a talk. 8. When he reaches Land's End he (walk) 1,500 miles. 9. He's only 35 but he's started losing his hair already. He (lose) it all by the time he's 50. 10. His father left him £400,000, but he lives so extravagantly that he (spend) it all before he's 30. 11. By the end of next year I (work) for him for 45 years. 12. Everywhere you go in central London you see blocks of flats being pulled down and huge hotels being erected. In ten years' time all the private residents (be driven) out and there'll be nothing but one vast hotel after another. 13. Our committee is trying to raise money to buy a new lifeboat. By the end of the year we (send) out 5,000 letters asking for contributions.
14. By the end of my tour I (give) exactly the same lecture 53 times. 15. A hundred people have died of starvation already. By the end of the week two hundred (die). When are you going to send help? 16. Since he began driving, Tom has driven an average of 5,000 miles a year, and had an average of 2'/2 accidents a year. So by the time he's 60 he (drive) 200,000 miles and had 50 accidents. Let's try to persuade him to go back to cycling. 17. Did you say you wanted help picking apples? I could come on 1 October. ~ We (pick) them all by then. But come all the same. 18. Apparently Venice is slowly sinking into the sea. Scientists are trying to save it but by the time they've found the answer the city probably (sink).
26. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense (the present simple and progressive, the future simple and conditional). Note that in nos. 1, 13, 17 and 18 the dramatic present tense is used.
Part 1
1. Ann (look) for a bed-sitter. She (see) an advertisement in the local paper and (ring) up Mrs Smith, the owner of the house. Mrs Smith (answer) the phone.
2. Ann: Good afternoon. I (ring) about the room you advertised.
Mrs Smith: Oh yes.
3. Ann: The advertisement (say) "Share bathroom and kitchen". How many other people (use) the bathroom and
kitchen?
4. Mrs Smith: Only one other — an Italian girl. And she (use) the kitchen very little. She (eat) out most of the time. I (not think) she (like) cooking.
5. Ann: That (suit) me all right. I (like) cooking. But how we (arrange) about paying for the gas we (use) in the kitchen?
6. Mrs Smith: The rent (include) gas for cooking, also hot water and light. But it (not include) heating. Each room has its own fire and meter.
7. Ann: I (see). And the room (face) the front or the back?
8. Mrs Smith: It (face) the front. It (looks) out on the garden square; and it (get) a lot of sun.
9. Ann: That (sound) very nice. Could I come and see it this evening?
Mrs Smith: Yes, the earlier the better.
10. Ann: 7 p.m. (suit) you? I (not be able to ) come before that as I usually (not get) away from the office till 6 p.m.
11. Mrs Smith: 1 p.m. (be) all right. I (not think) you (have) any difficulty in finding us. The 14 bus (pass) the house and (stop) a few doors further along, outside the Post Office.
12. Ann: I'm sure I (find) it all right. I (see) you at 7.00 then, Mrs Smith. Goodbye.
13. At 6.30 Mr Smith (come) home from work. He (ask) his wife about the room.
14. Mrs Smith: I haven't let yet but a girl (come) to see it at 7.00.
15. Mr Smith: She probably (come) at 7.30 just as we (sit) down to supper. People coming here for the first time always (get) lost. I (not think) you (give) proper directions.
16. Mrs Smith: Oh yes, I (do). But nobody (listen) to directions these days. Anyway I'm sure this girl (be) in time.
17. Just then the doorbell (ring). Mrs Smith (look) at her husband and (smile).
18. "You see," she (say), and (go) to open the door.
Part 2. Weekend plans
19. Bill (on phone): Hello, Peter. Bill here. I (speak) from Southwold. I (spend) my holidays here this year in a caravan. You (like) to come for the weekend?
20. Peter. I (love) to. But how I (get) to you?
21. Bill: Get the 8 o'clock train to Halesworth and I (meet) you at the station.
22. Peter: OK. I (do) that. Are you near the sea, Bill? .
23. Bill: Yes. When the tide (come) in, I'm almost afloat!
24. Peter. It (sound) marvellous!
25. Bill: It is. Wait till you (see) it!
26. (Friday) Peter's mother: What you (do) this weekend, Peter? (What plans have you made?)
27. Peter. I (spend) it with Bill in a caravan on the Suffolk coast.
28. Mother: The east coast in this wind! You (freeze) to death — if Bill's cooking (not kill) you first! How you (get) there? (What travel arrangements have you made?)
29. Peter: I (catch) the 8 o'clock train and Bill (meet) me at Halesworth.
30. Mother: Then I (lend) you my alarm clock, and we'd better have breakfast at seven. I (tell) Mary.
31. Peter. Poor Mary! She (like) a lie-in on Saturdays!
32. (Friday evening) Mother: I (give) you a call at 6.30, Peter, in case you (fall) asleep again after your alarm (go) off. By the way, Mary, we (have) breakfast at seven tomorrow as Peter (go) away for the weekend and (catch) an early train
33. Mary (petulantly): Peter always (go) away. I never (go) anywhere!
34. Mother: When he (come) home on Sunday night and you (hear) how awful it was, you (be) very glad you stayed at home!
27. Fill in the blanks in the letter with a present progressive or future verb phrase. Use only the verbs below as many times as necessary.
be go have look at talk take write
Dear Folks,
I ......... more trips these days, and I ......... you their letter from a pizza restaurant in the city. Right now Jeff and I .........the sights of the city from our outdoor table. Jeff......some cute girls.
It's about 8.00 and a lot of people ... walks.
We ...... dinner soon, and then we ...... back to the hotel. We ...... to bed early tonight. Tomorrow ...... a busy day. First, we ......... to the Science and Technology Museum. Then we ...... a
bus to a football game. Then......... Oops! At this moment Jeff ... to two girls. Excuse me, but I ...... to them, too. I ...... you another letter in a few days. This week in the city.........great!
Much love, Dave.
28. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense (present or future).
1. When he (return) I'll give him the key. 2. He'll be ready as soon as you (be). 3. I'll stay in bed till the clock (strike) seven. 4. She will be delighted when she (hear) this. 5. When the laundry comes I (have) some clean handkerchiefs. 6. I shan't buy tomatoes till the price (come) down. 7. Stay here till the lights (turn) green. 8. When it (get) cold I'll light the fire. 9. The lift (not start) until you press that button. 10. She'll have to behave better when she (go) to school.
11. When you look at yourself in the glass you (see) what I mean. 12. He (be) here before you go. 13. I (lend) you my cassette recorder whenever you want it. 14. He (wake) up when we turn the lights on. 15. He (ring) us up when he arrives in England? 16. He will wash up before he (go) to bed. 17. I won't come to London till the bus strike (be) over. 18. I (give) the children their dinner before he (come) home. 19. They will be astonished when they (see) how slowly he works. 20. I'll pay you when I (get) my cheque. 21.1 (go) on doing it until he tells me to stop.
22. I'll buy that house when I (have) enough money. 23. You (fall) rapidly through the air till your parachute opens. 24. We'll have to stay here till the tide (go) out. 25. When the Queen (arrive) the audience will stand up. 26. When the fog (lift) we'll be able to see where we are.
27. The refrigerator (go on) making that noise till we have it repaired. 28. As soon as the holidays begin this beach (become) very crowded. 29. The car (not move) till you take the brake off. 30. The alarm bell (go on) ringing till you press this button 31 As soon as she (learn) to type I'll get her a job. 32. Look before you (leap), (proverb) 33. We (have) to stay on this desert island till we can repair our boat. 34. Don't count on a salary increase before you actually (get) it. 35. When winter (begin) the swallows will fly away to a warmer country.
36. We can't make any decision till he (arrive) here.
29. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect tense.
1. In a fortnight's time we (take) our exam. 2. I (finish) this book by tomorrow evening. 3. By this time tomorrow we (have) our injections. 4. By the end of next year I (be) here twenty-five years. 5. I'll still be here next summer but Tom (leave). 6. I (finish) this job in twenty minutes.
7. By next winter they (build) four houses in that field. 8. When we reach Valparaiso we (sail) all round the world. 9. At the rate he is going he (spend) all his money by the time he is twenty-one. 10. By this time next year I (save) £250. 11. By the time we get to the party everything (be) eaten. 12. The train (leave) before we reach the station. 13. If I continue with my diet I (lose) 10 kilos by the end of the month. 14. By the end of my university course I (attend) 1,200 lectures. 15. By the end of this week my illness (cost) me £100. 16. By the time that he leaves school his parents (spend) £25,000 on his education. 17. By the end of the term I (read) all twelve volumes. 18. When you come back I (finish) all the housework. 19. The police (hear) of the theft by this time. 20. We (drink) all that wine by the end of the year. 21. On the fourth of the next month he (be) in prison for ten years. 22. When we reach Crewe we (do) half of the journey. 23 At this rate you (break) all the wine glasses by the end of the month. 24. If we don't hurry the sun (rise) before we reach the top. 25. I'm going to Hyde Park to hear the people making speeches. ~ You'll be too late. By the time you get there they (finish) their speeches and everybody (go) home 26. By midnight he (be) unconscious for forty-eight hours.
27. By the end of the month 5,000 people (see) this exhibition. 28. By next April I (pay) £3,000 in income tax. 29. I suppose that when I come back in ten years' time all these old houses (be) pulled down. 30. On 21 October they (be) married for twenty-five years. 31. After this performance I (see) Hamlet twenty-two times. 32. The strike leader said, "By midnight 500 men (come) out on strike " 33. At your present rate you (burn) all that coal by the end of the month.
34. The treasurer said, "By the end of the year all our debts (be paid) off." 35. Tourist: We've only got five hours in Rome; we are leaving at six; but I'm sure that we (see) everything of importance by then. 36. Householder to Zoo: One of your elephants is in my garden eating my tomatoes. Zoo official: The elephant keeper will be with you in half an hour.
Householder: Your elephant (eat) all my tomatoes by then.
30. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, using the future, present, or present perfect.
1. When we (take) our exam we'll have a holiday. 2. When I (finish) the book I'll lend it to you. 3 When we (have) our injections I expect we'll feel awful 4. When I (be) here for a year I'll ask for a rise. 5. When Tom (go) I'll tell you a secret. 6. By the time he (get) back from his holiday the milkman will have left twenty-one bottles of milk outside his door. 7 Don't drive at more than 50 k.p h. till your car (do) 4,000 kilometres. 8. When you (do) 4,000 kilometres you can drive it at 70 k.p.h. 9. When you open the safe you (see) a small black box. 10. When we (have) lunch we'll go for a walk. 11. When the bell rings I (take) the meat out of the oven. 12. I'll bolt all the doors before I (go) to bed. 13. When we (see) the cathedral we'll go to the museum. 14. We'll have to stay up this tree till the bull (go) away. 15. He (not let) you out till you have finished your homework. 16. As soon as I hear from him I (let) you know. 17. My father will be furious when he (see) what you have done. 18. You (not hear) the sound of the explosion till after you have seen the flash. 19. These gates will remain shut until the train (pass). 20. When he (sell) all his newspapers he'll go home. 21. We can't have a fire here until we (sweep) the chimney. 22. You (get) a shock when you open that box. 23. When you are eighteen your father (give) you a latchkey. 24. Don't jump out of the aeroplane until the pilot (say) "Go!" 25. I can't leave the country till the police (return) my passport. 26. When a bottle of champagne (be) opened for twenty-four hours the wine is not fit to drink. 27. Hotel receptionist: When you (sign) the hotel register the porter will show you your room. 28. You (not know) how good oysters are till you have tasted one. 29. That road will not be safe till the floods (subside). 30. When everybody (leave) the park the park-keeper will lock the gates. 31. When we have seen the Chamber of Horrors we (have) a cup of tea. 32. When you (have) something to eat you'll feel better.
33. I (stay) in court till the jury returns. 34. You cannot become a member of this club until you (make) a parachute descent. 35. When the boa constrictor (eat) the goat he will become very lethargic. 36. As soon as everybody has gone to bed the mice (come) out of their holes.
31. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1. Heat the oil till it (begin) to smoke. 2. I'll stay here till Tom (get) back. 3. We'll go out as soon as the shops (open). 4. You drive first, and when you (be) tired, I'll take over. 5. The sooner we (start), the sooner we'll get there. 6. We will send you the goods as soon as we (receive) your cheque. 7. I'll wait as long as you (like). 8. Whip the whites of the eggs till they (be) quite stiff. 9. Shall I jump out when the bus (slow) down at the next corner?- 10. No, you'd better wait till it (stop) at the traffic lights. 11. You are too young to understand. I (explain) it to you when you (be) older. 12. Tom: Brown is the best poet in the university. Ann: Now read Smith's poems. When you (read) them you'll say that he is better. 13. Tom: I can't get used to driving on the left. Jack: When you (be) here for another week you'll find it quite easy.
14. The room doesn't look particularly attractive now but when I (clean) and (paint) it, it will look quite different. 15. Pour boiling water on the coffee grounds, wait till the grounds (settle), then strain the coffee into a jug. 16. As soon as they (see) the river the children will want to bathe. 17. When we (see) the cathedral we'll go to the museum. 18. What will you do when you (finish) painting the bridge?- 19. Oh, this bridge is so long that by the time we (reach) the other end it will be time to start again at this end. 20. Serve the meal and wash up When you (do) the washing up you can go home. 21. The plane won't take off till the fog (lift). 22. Tom will start as soon as his visa (arrive). 23. I'm glad you're learning French. When you (know) French I (give) you a job. 24. Shall I boil the baby's milk? ~ Yes, but don't give it to him till it (cool). 25. Don't start smoking till the others (finish) their meal. 26. By the time you (give) the chidden their meal you won't have any appetite left. 27. I don't want anyone to overhear us, but I (tell) you what happened when we (be) alone. 28. How do you like your new job? ~ I've only just started so I really can't say. When I (be) in it for a fortnight I (let) you know. 29. My instructor says that when I (fly) another ten hours, he'll let me fly solo. 30. They say that when the 100 k.p.h. speed limit (be) in operation for a year, they will be able te judge whether it is effective or not. 31. Sculptor's friend: I suppose that when I (come) back next year you will still be working on this horse. 32. Sculptor: Oh no, I (finish) it long before I (see) you again, but as soon as I (finish) one thing I (start) on another, so there'll be something else for you to look at. 33. All the flats are exactly alike so when you (see) one you've seen them all.
34. Advertisement: When you (drive) a Jaguar once, you won't want to drive another car.
35. He's asleep now but I (give) him the letter as soon as he (wake) up. 36. She bought beer and made sandwiches because she knew that when they (arrive) they would be hungry and thirsty.
32. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1. When it (get) dark we'll have to stop. We can't work in the dark. 2. Go on till you (come) to a square with a statue in the middle; then turn left and you'll find the theatre on your right. 3. Immediately the train (stop) we'll jump out. 4. I'll help you with your homework as soon as I (do) my own. 5. He was determined to keep the two dogs apart because he knew that the moment they (see) one another they'd start barking. 6. I know the coat's unfashionable but I'm not going to throw it away. I'll keep it till that style (come) into fashion again. 7. Tourist: Can we get to the top of the tower? Guide: Yes, but be careful when you (go) up because the steps are very uneven. 8. Tourist (puffing up the steps): I'll be glad when I (get) to the top! Guide: When you (see) the view you'll be glad you made the effort. 9. Mother (to child setting out for school): When уоц (come) to the main road remember to stop and look both ways before you (cross).
10. "Give this letter to your teacher as soon as you (arrive) at school," said his mother. "All right," said the boy, running out. "I bet it will still be in his pocket when he (get) home tonight," said his father. 11. Tom: I'm going to New York by sea. I'm leaving tomorrow. Jack: I'm going by air. When I (sit) in my comfortable plane I'll think of you tossing about on a stormy sea. Tom: When I (walk) about the deck enjoying the fresh air and blue sea I'll think of you shut up in a flying box and seeing nothing. 12. But there's someone in the phone box! You can't rush in and grab the receiver. You'll have to wait till he (finish). 13. The ladder looks a bit unsteady.~
Yes, but before he (start) working he will tie the top end to the tree. 14. The house won't be entirely mine until I (pay) off the mortgage. 15. You'll find that the staff will clock in very punctually but that they won't do any work till the boss (arrive). 16. When I (work) here for fifteen years I'll be entitled to a pension. 17. When you (do) the bedrooms, remember to sweep under the beds. 18. When you (do) all the upstairs rooms, come down and give me a hand with the lunch. 19. Mother to child: I won't let you watch TV until you (finish) your supper.
20. We'll talk business when we (have) dinner, but not during dinner. I never talk business at meals. 21. Young man: Weren't you astonished when she said that? Old man: When you (be) married as long as I have, you won't be so easily astonished. 22. When you (read) the book, leave it in the hospital for someone else to read. 23. He said he would give me a ring as soon as he (reach) Paris. 24. Some people say that a man shouldn't think of marrying till he (save) up enough money to buy a house.25. You're an idiot to go into teaching. I'm going into business. In ten years' time when you (queue) at the bus stop I'll be driving by in my Bentley.
26. When you are picking fruit in the holidays to eke out your salary I (cruise) round the Greek islands in my private yacht. 27. I visit a new country every year. By the time I (be) sixty I shall have visited all the most interesting countries in the world. 28. When I (see) all there is to see I'll buy a small island and settle down there. 29. He saves £500 a year. By the time he (retire) he'll have saved £20,000. 30. By the time he (save) £20,000, the value of the money will have gone down so much that he'll have to go on working. 31. Ann hoped that it would go on raining. She knew that the moment it (stop) Tom would want to go out. 32. I expected that Jack would be there when the train (arrive), but there was no sign of him. 33. The boys worked slowly for they knew that as soon as they (finish) one exercise the teacher would tell them to do the next.
34. I'll take the paper with me. I'll read it while I (wait) for the bus. 35. The window-cleaner was in fact one of a gang of safe crackers. He hoped that while he (clean), or (pretend) to clean, windows he would be able to have a look at the safe. 36. He said that he would lend me money whenever I (need) it.
33 Use when, whenever or as to fill the gaps in the following..
1. ... (Because) there were no buses we had to take a taxi. 2. ... he grew older his temper improved. (His temper got better every year.} 3. ... he grew older (he reached the age, say, 40) his temper improved. 4. ... the doors opened the crowd began pouring in. (They didn't wait for the doors to open fully.) 5. ... it became dark (after dark), he left his hiding place. 6. ... the sun went down, great bars of red covered the western sky. 7. ... he left the house (while he was still in the doorway) he suddenly remembered where he'd seen her before. 8. ... he left the house (after living it) he turned right. 9. ... we have a puncture (every time we have one) she just sits in the car while I change the wheel. 10. Don't exhaust yourself. Sit down ... you're tired, (as soon as you're tired) 11. ... (Because) we were tired we sat down beside the stream. 12. ... we approached the town (came gradually nearer to it) we wondered whether there'd be room in the hotel. 13. ... we reached the town (after arriving) we sent Tom to find out about hotels. 14. I'll have to buy a map ... (because) I don't know the area. 15. ... you don't know a district it is always a good thing to have a map. 16. ... the manager is out (every time he is out) his assistant signs the letters. 17. ... (Because) the manager is out today I'll sign the letters.
18. The phone rang just ... I got into my bath. (/ was in the act of getting in.) 19. I've given your old jacket away ... (because) it was too tight for you.
34. Put in the future simple, the future progressive or the future perfect simple.
FLYING JUNK
By the middle of the 21st century we (build) ... space stations which (circle) ... the earth and (probably circle) ... the moon, too. We (establish) ... bases on planets like Mars. At present, we use radar to "watch" nearly 8,000 objects in space. In addition, there are at least 30,000 bits of rubbish from the size of marbles to the size of basket balls flying round the earth. These (increase) ... in number by the year 2050 and (orbit) ... the earth. All these bits and pieces are watched by NORAD (North American Radar Defence Command). NORAD (have)... more and more rubbish to watch as the years go by. Some bits fall back to earth, like the Russian satellite C954, which crashed in the Northern Territories
of Canada in 1978. Crashing junk could give us a bad headache. Most of the stuff (stay) ... up there (we hope)! The sad fact is that we who are alive today (not clear up) ... our own junk tomorrow. Perhaps we (just watch) ... from some other (safe) place as it goes round and round the earth!
35. Complete the sentences with the past simple or the past progressive of the verbs in brackets. The adverbs in italics should be put in their correct position.
1. Who was that girl you (talk) to when I (pass) you in the street? 2. He (sleep) soundly when he (awaken — passive) by a noise. He (go) downstairs to find out what (happen) He (know) something must be wrong because the dog (bark) furiously. 3. He (not take) my remarks seriously. In fact, he (think) I (joke). 4. The men (drink) together when an argument (break out). The men soon (come) to blows, and the publican (call) the police. The situation just (begin) to get out of hand, when the police (arrive) and (take) the two men to the police station. While they (get) out of the police car, one man (make) a break for it, and (succeed) in getting away. They still (look) for the man two hours later. 5. What (go on) in your house when I (call) on you last night? I (ring) the bell three times, but you (not answer) the door. Judging by the noise that (come) from the sitting room I (think) you must be having a party. 6. I (look) for you in the theatre all evening. Where you (sit)? 7. When I (leave) the airport, John and his wife still (talk) to the customs official. They (seem) to have some difficulty over their passports.
36. Fill in the blanks.
A TERRIBLE NIGHTMARE
It (be) ... midnight, and I (be) ... at a party at a friend's house when the babysitter (call) .... "Come home right away!" she said. I didn't stop to ask any questions. I (get) ... into my car and (drive) . ... home as quickly as possible. But when I (reach) ... River Street, the most dangerous street in town, I (get) ... a flat fire. It (be) 8 very dark and quiet, and I (be) ... terribly afraid. I (start) 10 {0 walk down the street, when I (see) '... an enormous dog He (look) ... very angry, and he (bark) ... when he (see) 14 ... me What (can) ' ... I do? I (have) 16 ... to think quickly. Fortunately, i (have) ... some food from the party with me. I (take) 18 .. some cookies from my pocket, and I (give) 19 ... them to the dog. He (stop) ... barking right away, and (eat) ... the cookies. While he was eating, I (walk) ... away. Half an hour later, I finally (arrive) ... home. I (look) ... in my pocket for the key, but it wasn't there. I guess I (lose) ... it when I was feeding the dog. I (decide) 26 ... to get into the house through the living room window. A few minutes later, I (be) ... in the living room. I didn't see or hear anything strange, so I (go) ... upstairs. Then somebody (shout) 9 ... "Help!" I (be) ... so nervous that I (trip) ... over chair and (fall) 32... down. Then......................I'm glad it was only a dream.
37. Put in the past simple or past progressive. Note where both forms are possible.
TUG OF WAR WITH A HEDGEHOG
Mrs May, our District Nurse, (drive) ... home at 3 a.m. one night after an urgent visit to a sick patient. She (drive) ... along a deserted country lane, when she (see) ... a new kind of animal. She (stop) ... her car and (get out) ... The animal (be) clearly visible in the blaze of her headlights. It (look) ... like a hedgehog with a tall white hat. It (cross) ... the road without paying any attention to Mrs May. When Mrs May (go) ... close to it, she (notice) ... that there was a plastic yoghurt pot on the hedgehog's head. The poor creature had got its head stuck in the plastic pot1 Her instincts as a nurse (tell) ... her she would have to rescue it, so she (pull) ... the pot off the hedgehog's head. Mrs May (think) . . the hedgehog (look) ... rather sad, when she (notice) ... that the pot was half full of strawberry yoghurt. She (give) ... it back to the hedgehog. The creature (seize) ... it, (put) ... it on its head again, and triumphantly (continue) ... its journey across the road
38 Use either the past simple tense or the past progressive in the following sentences as appropriate.
1. Jane ... (eat) dinner when his friend called. 2. While Marie was cleaning the apartment, her husband ... 3. At three o'clock this morning, Eleanor ... (study). When jViarie arrived, the Johnsons ... (have) dinner, but they stopped in order to talk to him. 4. John ... (go) to France last year. 5. When the teacher ... (enter) the room, the students were talking. 6. While Joan was writing the report, Henry ... (look) tor niore information. 7. We ... (see) this movie last night.
8. At one time, Mr Roberts ... (own) this building. 9. John ... (write) a letter to his family when his pencil ... (break).
39. Insert the past simple or the past progressive.
1. When we (to open) the window, it (to rain). 2. It (to get) dark when we (to reach) home. 3. You (to find) these examples in the book at the previous lesson. 4. I (not to forget) to lock the door this morning. 5. The pupils (to work) in the field. 6. We (to arrive) ten minutes later. 7. We (to see) the men in the boat which (to near) the harbour. 8. Ann still (to look) out of the window when I (to enter). 9. She (to lie) in bed. She (to say) she (not to feel) well. 10. The train (to pass) a big town in the night and so we (not to see) it. 11. You (to write) all day yesterday.
40. How did it happen?
1. How did Alice hurt herself? (play soccer). Example: She hurt herself while she was playing soccer. 2. How did Martin burn himself? (iron his clothes) 3. How did Helen cut herself? (slice onions) 4. How did Jennifer meet her husband? (fix a flat tyre) 5. How did Martin break his arm? (skate) 6. How did you lose your wallet? (ride my bicycle) 7. How did Jeff meet his wife? (swim at the beach) 8. How did Bob get a black eye? (fight with his brother) 9. How did your children burn themselves? (make breakfast) 10. How did Martha trip and fall? (dance)
41. Compete the sentences with the past progressive or past simple form of the verb in parentheses. Both answers may be correct. Choose the better form.
F'.: Hi, Allan. How are you? I ... (call) you last night about 10.00, but you ... (not be) home. What ... you ... (do)?
A: At 10.00? Let's see ..., at around 10.00 I ... (sit) in the hospital waiting room.
F.: The hospital? What? Why ...? What ... (happen)? ... (be) there an accident? ... someone ... (get) sick?
A.: Not exactly. You see, around 8.00 my wife and I ... (have) dinner at a restaurant when it all ... (start). The food ... (taste) delicious. Let's see — she ... (eat) a terrific steak while I (enjoy) the chicken.
F.: But why ... you ... (spend) the rest of the evening in the hospital? What ... (start) while you ... (have) a good time at the restaurant?
A.: The whole thing! It ... (be) exciting, too! Around 9.00, I ... (ride) with my wife in the ambulance while it (speed) through the streets of the city. All the traffic ... (have) to stop for us.
F.: Ambulance?! Why ... you (go) to the hospital in an ambulance?
A.: Because we ... (be) in a hurry. Then while the doctor ... (take ) case of my wife, I ... (walk) back and forth. I ... (smoke). I ... (bite) my fingernails. I ... (be) so nervous I ...
F. What ... your wife ... (do) at that time? What ... (go) on?
A. She ... (give) birth to a son and a daughter ... twins!
F. Congratulations.
42. Past simple or past progressive?
1. I (mend) my sails one day when a man I had worked with before (walk) up and (ask) me if I'd like to have a drink. 2. I (think) he probably had more than just a friendly drink in mind, so I (stop) what I (do), (wipe) off my hands, and (follow) him to the local drink shop. 3. It (be) there that I (find) out that he (recruit) people to work on Necho's project. 4. Nowadays, everybody knows about our journey, but then, it (sound) a bit strange. 5. At first I thought the man (try) to play a trick on me. 6. But the more he (talk), the better it (sound) — a real adventure. 7. I (get) tired of the same old sea routes year after year. 8. Besides, I (think) it would be a great trading opportunity; the route to Carthage, across Greek waters, (get) more and more dangerous.
9. You may not believe this, but it (only take) me a few minutes to decide; I (sit) there in that shop with a cup in my hand, and I (make) a decision that would change my life — and lots of other people's lives as well. 10. There were times on my journey when I (have) doubts about my decision. 11. Once while we (be) pushed south-west by the monsoon winds, I (nearly be) washed off the deck by a big wave. 12. And one day during the long sail south, one of the men (try) to convince the rest of us that we were under a magic spell when a dead black bird (fall) on the deck; believe me, we (be) scared. 13. But there were some good times, too: we (have) to stop and collect supplies on the west coast, and we (stay) there for a long time, in one of the most beautiful places I've seen 14. One evening while I (sit) under a tree with the wind in my face and a luscious big mango to eat, I almost (decide) to stay there for the rest of my life.
15. But of course I (not stay); I (know) that I would get tired of it soon enough, and besides, my wife and children (wait) for me back in Tyre. 16. We (see) thousands of birds at Gibraltar, but these (be) alive: they (fly) over, on their way south for the winter. 17. In December, when I (get) home, I (make) sure that no one told my family before I (arrive). 18. When I (walk) through the door, my wife (put) supper on the table, and my son and daughter — whom I (hardly recognise) — (play) by the fireplace. 19. I (know) when I (see) them that I had done the right thing not to stay under that tree. 20. I still think of that big tree in the jungle sometimes, though; and I'll bet there's not a man who (go) on that journey who wouldn't like to go back.
43. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: the past simple or the past progressive.
1. Peter and Ann (decide) to redecorate their sitting-room themselves. 2. They (choose) cream paint for the woodwork and apricot for the walls. 3. When John (look) in to see how they (get) on, Ann (mix) the paint, and Peter (wash) down the walls. 4. They (be) glad to see John and (ask) if he (do) anything special that day 5. He hastily (reply) he (go) to the theatre and (go) away at once, because he (know) they (look) for someone to help them. 6. They (begin) painting, but (find) the walls (be) too wet. 7. They (work) in silence for some time. 8. Just as they (start) the third wall, the doorbell (ring). 9. It (be) a friend of Peter's who (want) to know if Peter (play) golf the following weekend. 10. He (stay) talking to Peter in the hall while Ann (go) on painting. 11. At last he (leave). 12. Peter (return), expecting Ann to say something about friends who (come) and (waste) valuable time talking about golf. 13. But Ann nobly (say) nothing. 14. Then Peter (think) he would do the ceiling. 15. He just (climb) the step ladder when the doorbell (ring) again. 16. Ann (say) she (get) tired of interruptions but (go) and (open) the door. 17. It (be) the postman with a letter from her aunt Mary, saying she (come) to spend the weekend with them and (arrive) that evening at 6.30.
44. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past progressive.
1. I (walk) along Piccadilly when I (realize) that a man with a ginger beard, whom I had seen three times already that afternoon, (follow) me. 2. To make quite sure, I (walk) on quickly, (turn) right, then left and (stop) suddenly at a shop window. 3. In a few minutes the man with the beard (appear) and (stop) at another shop window. 4. I (go) on. 5. Whenever I (stop) he (stop), and whenever I (look) round he (be) still there. 6. He (look) a very respectable type and (wear) very conventional clothes and I (wonder) if he was a policeman or a private detective. 7. I (decide) to try and shake him off. 8. A 74 bus (stand) at the bus stop just beside me. 9. Then the conductor (come) downstairs and (ring) the bell; just as the bus (move) off, I (jump) on it. 10. The man with the beard (miss) the bus but (get) into an-othe 74, which (follow) the first. 11. Both buses (crawl) very slowly along Knightsbridge. 12. Every time the buses (pull) up at a stop, the man (look) out anxiously to see if I (get) off. 13. Finally, at some traffic lights, he (change) buses and (get) into mine. 14. At Gloucester Road Underground, I (leave) the bus and (buy) a ticket at a ticket machine. 15. As I (stand) on the platform waiting for a Circle Line train, my pursuer (come) down the stairs. 16. He (carry) a newspaper and when we (get) into the same compartment, he (sit) in one corner reading it, and I (read) the advertisements. 17. He (look) over the top of the newspaper at every station to see if I (get) out. 18. I (become) rather tired of being shadowed like this, so finally I (go) and (sit) beside the man and (ask) him why he (follow) me. 19. At first he (say) he (not follow) me at all but when I (threaten) to knock him down, he (admit) that he was. 20. Then he (tell) me he (be) a writer of detective stories and (try) to see if it was difficult to follow someone unseen. 21. I (tell) him he hadn't been unseen because I had noticed him in Piccadilly and I (advise) him to shave off his ginger beard if he (not want) his victim to know he (be) followed.
45. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: the past simple or the past progressive.
1. He (sit) on the bank fishing when he (see) a man's hat floating down the river. It (seem) strangely familiar. 2. It (snow) heavily when he (wake) up. He (remember) that Jack (come) for lunch and (decide) to go down to the station to meet him in case he (lose) his way in the snowy lanes. 3. When I (reach) the street I (realize) that I (not know) the number of Tom's house. I (wonder) what to do about it when Tom himself (tap) me on the shoulder. 4. As the goalkeeper (run) forward to seize the ball a bottle (strike) him on the shoulder. 5. I (look) through the classroom window. A geometry lesson (go) on. The teacher (draw) diagrams on the blackboard.
6. Most of the boys (listen) to the teacher but a few (whisper) to each other, and Tom (read) a history book. Tom (hate) mathematics; he always (read) history during his mathematics lesson. 7. Everyone (read) quietly when suddenly the door (burst) open and a complete stranger (rush) in. 8. I (go) to Jack's house but (not find) him in. His mother (say) that she (not know) what he (do) but (think) he probably (play) football. 9. This used to be a station and all the London trains (stop) here. But two years ago they (close) the station and (give) us a bus service instead. 10. She (promise) not to report me to the police but ten minutes later I (see) her talking with a policeman and from the expression on his face I am sure she (tell) him all about it. 11. I (pick) up the receiver and (dial) a number. To my surprise I (find) myself listening to an extraordinary conversation. Two men (plan) to kidnap the Prime Minister. 12. I (meet) Paul at the university. We (be) both in the same year. He (study) law, but he (not be) very interested in it and (spend) most of his time practising the flute. 13. The train just (start) when the door (open) and two panting passengers (leap) in. 14. "What you (do) between 9.00 and 10.00 yesterday?" (say) the detective. "I (clean) my house," said Mrs Jones. "I always clean my house on Saturday mornings." 15. My neighbour (look) in last night and (say) that he (leave) the district and (go) to Yorkshire, to a new job. I (say) that I (be) very sorry that he (go), and (tell) him to write to me from Yorkshire and tell me how he (get) on. 16. They (build) that bridge when I (be) here last year. They haven't finished it yet. 17. The dentist's waiting room was full of people. Some (read) magazines, others just (turn) over the pages. A woman (knit); a child (play) with a toy car. Suddenly the door (open) and the nurse (say), "Next, please."
18. The house next to yours (be) full of policemen and police dogs yesterday.~ What they (do)? ~ I (hear) that they (look) for drugs. ~ They (find) any? ~ Yes, I believe one of the dogs (discover) some cannabis 19. Peter (tell) me yesterday that he (make) his own £5 notes ~
Don't believe him. He just (pull) your leg. 20. A traffic warden just (stick) a parking ticket to my wind-screen when I (come) back to the car. I (try) to persuade him to tear it up but he (refuse).
21. Ann works in the branch where the big robbery (take) place. ~ She actually (work) there at the time of the raid? 22. When Ann (say) that she (come) to see me the next day, I (wonder) what flowers she would bring. She always brings flowers. 23. While I (wonder) whether to buy the dress or not, someone else (come) and (buy) it. 24. He always (borrow) from me (he borrowed more often than was reasonable) but when I once (ask) him to lend me something, he (say) he (not have) got it before he even (know) what 1 (want) to borrow. 25. I (go) home on foot and all the time I (have) the impression that I (be) followed (passive). But though I (turn) round several times, I never (see) anybody. 26. I (bump) into Tom yesterday. I (ask) him to join us for lunch tomorrow but he (say) he (have) (had arranged to have) lunch with Ann. 27. My dog (attack) the postman as he (put) the letters into the letter box. The man (thrust) a large envelope into the dog's mouth and of course he (tear) it. Unfortunately the letter (contain) my diploma. I (patch) the diploma up with Sellotape but it still looks a bit odd. 28. How you (break) your leg? ~ I (fall) off a ladder when I (put) up curtains. The worst of it (be) that it (be) just before the holidays and I (go) away, (had planned to go away) ~ 29. So you (not go) away? ~ No, of course not. I (cancel) my bookings and (spend) the holiday hobbling about at home. 30. The curtain just (rise) when somebody at the back of the theatre (shout) "Fire1" The audience (look) round nervously. 31. As it (rain) the children (play) in the sitting room. Tom Was there too. He (try) to write a letter but he (not get on) very because the children (keep) asking him questions. 32. What you (do) when the doorbell (ring)? ~ I (make) a cake. ~ And what you (do) when you (hear) the bell? ~ I (go) to answer it of course. But when I (open) the door there (be) nobody there. 33. A few minutes later the bell (ring) again and this time I (find) a man in a peaked cap who (say) he (make) a survey. 34. I (say), "(Be) it you who (ring) this bell a minute ago?" "No," he (answer), "but when I (talk) to your neighbour I (see) a man standing at your door. I think he (go) round to the back of your house." 35. We (not get) much sleep last night because the people next door (have) a noisy party. I (ring) up the landlord and (say) that his tenants (make) too much noise. He (point out) that it (be) Saturday and that people often (have) parties on Saturday nights. I (say) that the people in his house always (have) parties (had too many parties) 36. What you (do) before you (get) this job? ~ I (work) for Brown and Company. ~ And how long you (stay) with them? ~ I (stay) for about six months. I (leave) because they always (go) on strike. It (become) quite monotonous.
46. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past progressive tense.
1. I lit the fire at 6.00 and it (burn) brightly when Tom came in at 7.00. 2. When I arrived the lecture had already started and the professor (write) on the overhead projector. 3. I (make) a cake when the light went out. I had to finish it in the dark. 4. I didn't want to meet Paul so when he entered the room I (leave). 5. Unfortunately when I arrived Ann just (leave), so we only had time for a few words. 6. He (watch) TV when the phone rang. Very unwillingly he (turn) down the sound and (go) to answer it. 7. He was very polite. Whenever his wife entered the room he (stand) up. 8. The admiral (play) bowls when he received news of the invasion. He (insist) on finishing the game. 9. My dog (walk) along quietly when Mr Pitt's Pekinese attacked him.
10. When I arrived she (have) lunch. She apologized for starting without me but said that she always (lunch) at 12.30. 11. He always (wear) a raincoat and (carry) an umbrella when he walked to the office. 12. What you (think) of his last book? ~ I (like) it very much. 13. I (share) a flat with him when we were students. He always (complain) about my untidiness. 14. He suddenly (realize) that he (travel) in the wrong direction. 15. He (play) the guitar outside her house when someone opened the window and (throw) out a bucket of water. 16. I just (open) the letter when the wind (blow) it out of my hand. 17. The burglar (open) the safe when he (hear) footsteps. He immediately (put) out his torch and (crawl) under the bed. 18. When I (look) for my passport I (find) this old photograph. 19. You looked very busy when I (see) you last night. What you (do)? 20. The boys (play) cards when they (hear) their father's step. They immediately (hide) the cards and (take) out their lesson books. 21. He (clean) his gun when it accidentally (go) off and (kill) him. 22. He (not allow) us to go out in the boat yesterday as a strong wind (blow). 23. As I (cross) the road I (step) on a banana skin and (fall) heavily.
24. I still (lie) on the road when I (see) a lorry approaching. 25. Luckily the driver (see) me and (stop) the lorry in time. 26. How you (damage) your car so badly? ~ I (run) into a lamp-post yesterday. ~ I suppose you (drive) too quickly or were not looking where you (go). 27. As he (get) into the bus it (start) suddenly and he (fall) backwards on to the road. 28. I (call) Paul at 7.00 but it wasn't necessary because he already (get) up. 29. When he (mend) the fuse he (get) a very bad shock. 30. When I (hear) his knock I (go) to the door and (open) it, Ьщ I (not recognize) him at first because I (not wear) my glasses. 31. When I came in they (sit) round the fire. Mr Pitt (do) a crossword puzzle, Mrs Pitt (knit), the others (read). Mrs Pitt (smile) at me and (say), "Come and sit down." 32. While the guests (dance) thieves (break) into the house and (steal) a lot of fur coats. 33. The next day, as they (know) that the police (look) for them, they (hide) the coats in a wood and (go) off in different directions. 34. She was very extravagant. She always (buy) herself new clothes. 35. Her mother often (tell) her that she (spend) too much money but she never (listen). 36. Whenever the drummer (begin) practising, the people in the next flat (bang) on the wall.
47. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past progressive tense.
1. Mr Smith never (wake) up in time in the morning and always (get) into trouble for being late; so one day he (go) to town and (buy) an alarm clock. 2. To get home he (have to) go through a field where a bad-tempered bull usually (graze). 3. This bull normally (not chase) people unless something (make) him angry. Unfortunately, as Mr Smith (cross) the field, his alarm clock (go) off. 4. This (annoy) the bull, who immediately (begin) to chase Mr Smith. 5. Mr Smith (carry) an open umbrella as it (rain) slightly He (throw) the umbrella to the ground and (run) away as fast as he could. 6. The bull (stop) and (begin) to attack the umbrella. While he (do) this Mr Smith escaped. 7. When he (awake) she (sit) by the window. She (look) at something in the street, but when he (call) her she (turn) and (smile) at him. 8. Why you (interrupt) me just now? I (have) a very interesting conversation with Mr Pitt. 9. The murderer (carry) the corpse down the stairs when he (hear) a knock on the door. 10. When I (look) through your books I (notice) that you have a copy of Murder in the Cathedral. 11. As they (walk) along the road they (hear) a car coming from behind them. Tom (turn) round and (hold) up his hand. The car (stop). 12. When I (arrive) at the station Mary (wait) for me. She (wear) a blue dress and (look) very pretty. As soon as she (see) me she (wave) and (shout) something, but I couldn't hear what she (say) because everybody (make) such a noise. 13. The prisoner (escape) by climbing the wall of the garden where he (work). He (wear) blue overalls and black shoes. 14. She said that he car (travel) at 40 k.p.h. when it (begin) to skid. 15. She said that she (not like) her present flat and (try) to find another. 16. While he (make) his speech the minister suddenly (feel) faint. But someone (bring) him a glass of water and after a few minutes he (be able) to continue. 17. When I (see) him he (paint) a portrait of his wife.- You (like) it? ~ He only just (start) when I (see) it, so I couldn't judge. 18. I (take) my friend to a murder trial the other day. ~ Who (be) tried? ~ A man called Bill Sykes. ~ Was he acquitted? ~ I don't know. They still (listen) to the evidence when we (leave). 19. I (be) sorry that I (have to) leave the party early, because 1 (enjoy) myself. 20. As we (come) here a policeman (stop) us. He (say) that he (look) for some stolen property and (ask) if he could search the car. 21. I (see) you yesterday from the bus. Why you (use) a stick? ~ I (use) a stick because I had hurt my leg that morning falling off a horse. ~ horse you (ride)? 22. The floor was covered with balls of wool. Obviously jvu Pitt (knit) something. 23. Ann said that she (be) on holiday. I (say) that I (hope\ that she (enjoy) herself. 24. While he (water) the flowers it (begin) to rain. He (pun up his umbrella and (go) on watering. 25. I just (write) a cheque when I (remember) that I (have) nothing in the bank. 26. I (find) this ring as I (dig) in the garden. It looks very old. I wonder who it (belong) to? 27. When I last (see) her she (hurry) along the road to the station. I (ask) her where she (go) and she (say), "London", but I don't think she (speak) the truth because there (not be) any train for London at that time.
28. The tailor said, "Your suit will be ready on Monday." But when I (call) on Monday he still (work) on it. 29. The teacher (come) into the classroom unusually earl\ and one of the boys, who (smoke) a cigarette, (have) no time to put it out. So he (throw) it into the desk and (hope) for the best. 30. A little later the teacher (notice) that smoke (rise) from the desk. "You (smoke) when I (come) in?" he (ask). 31. While I (swim) someone (steal) my clothes and I (have to) walk home in my swimsuit. 32. The men (say) that they (work) on the road outside m) house and that they (want) some water to make tea. 33. He (say) that he (build) himself a house and that he (think) it would be ready in two years. 34. At 3 a.m. Mrs Pitt (wake) her husband and (say) that she (think) that someone (try) to get into the house. 35. Why you (lend) him that book? I still (read) it. ~ I'm sorry. I (not know) that you still (read) it. 36. I (come) in very late last night and unfortunately the dog (wake) up and (start) to bark. This (wake) my mother who (come) to the top of the stairs and (say), "Who •-there?" I (say), "It is me," but she (not hear) me because the dog (bark) so loudly, so she (go) back to her room and (telephone the police.
THE PRESENT PERFECT AND THE PAST SIMPLE
48 (a)Fill the spaces by repeating the auxiliary used in the question, putting it into the negative where necessary.
(b) Put the verb in brackets into the present perfect or the past simple tense.
1. Have you seen that play? a) Yes, I ... Yes, I have.
(b) Yes, I (be) there last night. Yes, I was there last night.
1. Have you wound the clock? (a) Yes, I ... (b) Yes, I (wind) it on Monday.
2. Have you ever eaten snails? (a) No, I ... (b) Yes, I (eat) some at Tom's party last week.
3. Has she fed the dog? (a) Yes, I think she ... (b) Yes, she (feed) him before lunch.
4. Have they repaired the road? (a) No, they ... (b) They only (repair) part of
it so far.
5. Have they done their homework? (a) Yes, they (do) it all. (b) Yes, they (do) it before
they left school.
6. Have you found the matches? (a) No, I ... (b) No, I (not find) them yet.
7. Have you made the coffee? (a) Yes, I ... (b) I (make) some yesterday,
we can use that.
8. Have you been here before? (a) No, I ... (b) Yes, I (be) here several times.
9. Have you seen him lately? (a) No, I ... (b) No, I (not see) him since Christmas.
10. Have you been to the opera
this week? (a) Yes, I ... (b) Yes, I (go) to Faust on Friday.
11. Have you ever driven this car? (a) Yes, I (drive) it once or twice.
(b) Yes, I (drive) it when you were away.
12. Has he missed his train? (a) No, he ... (b) Yes, he ... It (go) fives minutes ago.
13. Have they been through Сustoms? (a) Yes, they... (b) Yes, their luggage (be) examined at Dover.
14. Has he spoken to her? (a) Yes, he ... (b) Yes, he (speak) to her on Friday.
15. Have you spent all your money? (a) No, I only (spend) half of it. (b) Yes, I ...
16. How much have you saved" since Christmas? (a) I (not save) anything (b) I (save) £3.
17. Has his temperature gone down? (a) No, it ... (b) Yes, it (go) down last night.
18. Have you seen his garden? (a) No, I (not see) it yet (b) I (see) the house on
Monday but I (not see) the garden.
19 Have you paid the bill? (a) Yes, I ... (b) Yes, I (pay) it while 'you were away.
20. Have you ever flown a plane? (a) No, I ... (b) Yes, I (fly) when I was at university.
21 Has your dog ever bitten anyone? (a) Yes, he (bite) a policeman last week, (b) Yes, he (bite) me twice.
22 Have you planted your peas? (a) Yes, I (plant) them on Tuesday, (b) No, I ... yet.
23. Has he written to the paper? (a) Yes, he ... (b) Yes, he (write) at once.
24. Have you ever drunk vodka? (a) No, I ... (b) I (drink) it once in Russia but I (not drink) it since.
49. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the past simple tense. In some sentences the present perfect progressive is also possible.
1. This is my house. ~ How long you (live) here? ~ I (live) here since 1970. 2. He (live) in London for two years and then (go) to Edinburgh. 3. You (wear) your hair long when you were at school? ~ Yes, my mother (insist) on it. 4. But when I (leave) school I (cut) my hair and (wear) it short ever since. 5. Shakespeare (write) a lot of plays. 6. My brother (write) several plays. He just (finish) his second tragedy. 7. I (fly) over Loch Ness last week. ~ You (see) the Loch Ness monster? 8. I (not see) him for three years. I wonder where he is. 9. He (not smoke) for two weeks. He is trying to give it up. 10. Chopin (compose) some of his music in Majorca.
11. When he (arrive) ~ He (arrive) at 2.00. 12. You (lock) the door before you left the house?
13. I (read) his books when I was at school. I (enjoy) them very much 14. I can't go out because I (not finish) my work. 15. I never (drink) whisky. ~ Well, have some now. 16. I (write) the letter but I can't find a stamp. 17. The clock is slow. ~ It isn't slow, it (stop). 18. Here are your shoes; I just (clean) them. 19. I (leave) home at 8.00 and (get) here at twelve. 20. I (do) this sort of work when I (be) an apprentice. 21. He just (go) out. 22. He (go) out ten minutes ago. 23. You (have) breakfast yet? ~ Yes, I (have) it at 8.00. 24. I (meet) him last June.
25. You (see) the moon last night? 26. The concert (begin) at 2.30 and (last) for two hours. Eve ryone (enjoy) it very much. 27. The play just (begin). You are a little late. 28. The newspaper (come)? ~ Yes, Ann is reading it. 29. The actors (arrive) yesterday and (start) rehearsals early this morning. 30. It (be) very cold this year. I wonder when it is going to get warmer. 31. Cervantes (write) Don Quixote. 32. We (miss) the bus. Now we'll have to walk.
33 He (break) his leg in a skiing accident last year. 34. Mr Pound is the bank manager. He (be) here for five years 35. Mr Count (work) as a cashier for twenty-five years. Then he (retire) and (go) to live in the country. 36. You (be) here before? ~ Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last year. ~ You (have) a good time? ~ No, it never (stop) raining.
50. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or past simple tense. Fill the spaces by repeating the auxiliary used in the preceding verb.
You (see) Mary on Monday? ~ Yes, I ...
Did you see Mary on Monday? ~ Yes, I did.
1. Where is Tom? ~ I (not see) him today, but he (tell) Mary that he'd be in for dinner. 2. I (buy) this in Bond Street. ~ How much you (pay) for it? ~ I (pay) £100. 3. Where you (find) this knife? ~ I (find) it in the garden. ~ Why you (not leave) it there? 4. I (lose) my black gloves. You (see) them anywhere? ~ No, I'm afraid I ... When you last (wear) them? ~ I (wear) them at the theatre last night. ~ Perhaps you (leave) them at the theatre. 5. Do you know that lady who just (leave) the shop? ~ Yes, that is Miss Thrift. Is she a customer of yours? ~ Not exactly. She (be) in here several times but she never (buy) anything. 6. He (leave) the house at 8.00. ~ Where he (go)? ~ I (not see) where he (go). 7. He (serve) in the First Word War. ~ When that war (begin)? ~ It (begin) in 1914 and (last) for four years. 8. Who you (vote) for at the last election? ~ I (vote) for Mr Pitt. ~ He (not be) elected, (be) he? ~ No, he (lose) his deposit. 9. You (like) your last job? ~ I (like) it at first but then I (quarrel) with my employer and he (dismiss) me. ~ How long you (be) there? ~ I (be) there for two weeks. 10. I (not know) that you (know) Mrs Pitt. How long you (know) her? ~ I (know) her for ten years. 11. That is Mr Minus, who teaches me mathematics, but he 'flot have) time to teach me much. I only (be) in his class for a week. 12. You (hear) his speech on the radio last night? ~ Yes, I ... ~ What you (think) of it? 13. I (not know) that you (be) here. You (be) here long? ~ Yes, I (be) here two months. ~ You (be) to the Cathedral? ~ Yes, I (go) there last Sunday. 14. You ever (try) to give up smoking? ~ Yes, I (try) last year, but then I (find) that I was getting fat so I (start) again. 15. You (see) today's paper? ~ No, anything interesting (happen)? Yes, two convicted murderers (escape) from the prison down the road.
16. Mary (feed) the cat? ~ Yes, she (feed) him before lunch. ~ What she (give) him? ~ She (give) him some fish. 17. How long you (know) your new assistant? ~ I (know) him for two years. ~ What he (do) before he (come) here? ~ I think he (be) in prison. 18. I (not see) your aunt recently. ~ No. She (not be) out of her house since she (buy) her colour TV. 19. The plumber (be) here yet? ~ Yes, but he only (stay) for an hour. ~ What he (do) in that time? ~ He (turn) off the water and (empty) the tank. 20. Where you (be)? I (be) out in a yacht. ~ You (enjoy) it? ~ Yes, very much. We (take) part in a race. ~ You (win)? ~ No, we (come) in last.
21. How long that horrible monument (be) there? ~ It (be) there six months. Lots of people (write) to the Town Council asking them to take it away but so far nothing (be) done. 22. I just (be) to the film War and Peace. You (see) it? ~ No, I …. Is it like the book? ~ I (not read) the book. ~ I (read) it when I (be) at school. ~ When Tolstoy (write) it? ~ He (write) it in 1868. ~ He (write) anything else? 23.~Hannibal (bring) elephants across the Alps. ~ Why he (do) that? ~ He (want) to use them in battle. 24. Where you (be)? ~ I (be) to the dentist. ~ He (take) out your bad tooth? ~ Yes, he ... ~ It (hurt)? ~ Yes, horribly. 25. She (say) that she'd phone me this morning, but it is now 12.30 and she (not phone) yet. 26. I just (receive) a letter saying that we (not pay) this quarter's electricity bill. I (not give) you the money for that last week? ~ Yes, you ... but I'm afraid I (spend) it on something else. 27. How long you (be) out of work? ~ I'm not out of work now. I just (start) a new job. ~ How you (find) the job? ~ I (answer) an advertisement in the paper. 28. You (finish) checking the accounts? ~ No, not quite. I (do) about half so far.
29. I (cut) my hand rather badly. Have you a bandage? ~ I'll get you one. How it (happen)? ~
I was chopping some wood and the axe (slip). 30. How you (get) that scar? ~ I (get) it in a car accident a year ago. 31. You (meet) my brother at the lecture yesterday? ~ Yes, I .... We (have) coffee together afterwards. 32. He (lose) his job last month and since then he (be) out of Work. ~ Why he (lose) his job? ~ He (be) very rude to Mr Pitt. 33. What are all those people looking at? ~ There (be) an accident. ~ You (see) what (happen)? ~ Yes, a motor cycle (run) into a lorry. 34. I (phone) you twice yesterday and (get) no answer. 35. Originally horses used in bull fights (not wear) any protection, but for some time now they (wear) special padding.
36. That house (be) empty for a year. But they just (take) down the "For sale" sign, so I suppose someone (buy) it.
51. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect progressive tense.
1. I (make) cakes. That is why my hands are all covered with flour. 2. Her phone (ring) for ten minutes. I wonder why she doesn't answer it. 3. He (overwork). That is why he looks so tired. 4. There is sawdust in your hair. ~ I'm not surprised. I (cut) down a tree. 5. Have you seen my bag anywhere? I (look) for it for ages. 6. What you (do)? ~ I (work) in the laboratory.
7. He (study) Russian for two years and doesn't even know the alphabet yet. 8. How long you (wait) for me? ~ I (wait) about half an hour. 9. It (rain) for two days now. There'll be a flood soon. 10. We (argue) about this for two hours now. Perhaps we should stop! 11. I (bathe). That's why my hair is all wet. 12. You (drive) all day. Let me drive now. 13. How long you (wear) glasses? 14. The petrol gauge (say) "Empty" for quite a long time now. Don't you think we should get some petrol? 15. I'm sorry for keeping you waiting. I (try) to make a telephone call to Rome. 16. You (not eat) enough lately. That's why you feel irritable. 17. He (speak) for an hour now. I expect he'll soon be finished . 18. That helicopter (fly) round the house for the last hour; do you think it's taking photographs? 19. The radio (play) since 7 a.m. I wish omeone would turn it off. 20. I (shop) all day and I haven't a penny left. 21. We (live) here since 1977.
22. I'm on a diet. I (eat) nothing but bananas for the last month. 23. The children (look) forward to this holiday for months. 24. That pipe (leak) for ages. We must get it mended. 25. Tom (dig) in the garden all afternoon and I (help) him. 26. I (ask) you to mend that window for six weeks. When are you going to do it? 27. Someone (use) my bicycle. The chain's fallen off. 28. How long you (drive)? ~ I (drive) for ten years. 29. The trial (go) on for a long time. I wonder what the verdict will be. 30. It (snow) for three days now. The roads will be blocked if it doesn't stop soon. '31. Mary (cry)? ~ No, she (not cry), she (peel) onions. 32. The car (make) a very curious noise ever it ran out of oil. 33. He walked very unsteadily up the stairs and his wife said,
"You (drink)!" 34. Your fingers are very brown. You (smoke) too much. 35. You usually know when someone (eat) garlic. 36. Ever since he came to us that man (try) to make trouble.
52. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the present perfect progressive tense. (In some cases either could be used.)
1. We (walk) ten kilometres. 2. We (walk) for three hours. 3. You (walk) too fast. That's why you are tired. 4. I (make) sausage rolls for the party all the morning. 5. How many you (make)? ~ I (make) 200. 6. That boy (eat) seven ice-creams. 7. He (not stop) eating since he arrived.
8. The driver (drink). I think someone else ought to drive. 9. I (pull) up 100 dandelions.
10. I (pull) up dandelions all day. 11. What you (do)? ~ We (pick) apples. 12. How many you (pick)? ~ We (pick) ten basketfuls. 13. I (sleep) on every bed in this house and I don't like any of them. 14. He (sleep) since ten o'clock. It's time he woke up. 15. He (ride); that's why he is wearing breeches. 16. I (ride) all the horses in this stable. 17. What a lovely smell! ~ Mary (make) jam. 18. The students (work) very well this term. 19. I only (hear) from him twice since he went away. 20. I (hear) from her regularly. She is a very good correspondent. 21. I (grease) my car. That's why my hands are so dirty, 22. I (polish) this table all the morning and she isn't satisfied with it yet. 23. I (work) for him for ten years and he never once (say) "Good morning" to me. 24. He (teach) in this school for five years. 25. I (teach) hundreds of students but I never (meet) such a hopeless class at this. 26. Why you (be) so long in the garage? ~ The tyres were flat; I (pump) them up. 27. I (pump) up three tyres. Would you like to do the fourth? 28. I (look) for mushrooms but I (not find) any. 29. He (cough) a lot lately. He ought to give up smoking.
30. You (hear) the news? Tom and Ann are engaged! ~ That's not new; I (know) it for ages!
31. I (try) to finish this letter for the last half-hour. I wish you'd go away or stop talking. ~
I hardly (say) anything. 32. The driver of that car (sound) his horn for the last ten minutes.
33. It (rain) for two hours and the ground is too wet to play on, so the match (be) postponed.
34. He (hope) for a rise in salary for six months but he (not dare) to ask for it yet. 35. Mr Smith, you (whisper) to the student on your right for the last five minutes. You (help) him with his exam paper or he (help) you? 36. Why you (make) such a horrible noise? ~ 1 (lose) my key and I (try) to wake my wife by throwing stones at her window. ~ You (throw) stones at the wrong window. You live next door.
53. Fill the spaces in the following sentences by using for or since.
1. We've been fishing ... two hours 2. I've been working in this office ... a month. 3. They've been living in France ... 1970. 4. He has been in prison ... a year. 5. I've known that ... a long time. 6. That man has been standing there ... six o'clock. 7. She has driven the same car ... 1975. 8. Things have changed ... I was a girl, 9. The kettle has been boiling ... a quarter of an hour. 10. The central heating has been on ... October. 11. That trunk has been in the hall ... a year. 12. He has been very ill ... the last month. 13. I've been using this machine ... twelve years. 14. We've been waiting ... half an hour. 15. Mr Pitt has been in hospital ... his accident.
16. He hasn't spoken to me ... the last committee meeting. 17. I have been very patient with you ... several years. 18. They have been on strike ... November. 19. The strike has lasted ... six months. 20. It has been very foggy ... early morning. 21. They have been quarrelling ever ... they got married. 22. I've been awake ... four o'clock. 23. I've been awake ... a long time. 24. We've had no gas ... the strike began. 25. I've earned my own living ... I left school. 26. Nobody has seen him ... last week. 27. The police have been looking for me ... four days.
28. I haven't worn low-heeled shoes ... I was at school. 29. He had a bad fall last week and ... then he hasn't left the 30. He has been under water ... half an hour. 31. That tree has been there ... 2,000 years. 32. He has been Minister of Education ... 1983. 33. I've been trying to open this door ... forty-five minutes. 34. He hasn't eaten anything ... twenty-four hours. 35. We've had terrible weather ... the last month. 36. Nobody has come to see us ... we bought these bloodhounds.
54. Complete the conversation with sentences in the pre-sent perfect tense. Several answers are possible.
В.: Well we've got to know that older couple on this floor They're very nice. And .............................: Yes, but they're married ...................................................?
D.: No, we haven't. We've hardly even talked to those three single girls.
/.: I've got an idea. Look — we've been here since April' Have there been any parties since then?
В.: No...........................
/.: Then what are we waiting for? We'll have a party next weekend, and we'll invite all the neighbours.
55. Complete the sentences with the present perfect form of the verbs in parentheses.
S.: How many party invitations ... you ... (write) so far, Kathleen?
K.: Oh, I ......... (do) about five. And I ... (give) out a few to
some neighbours downstairs.
/.: And I ... (speak) to the family with the three teenagers
В.: Who ... (take) my pen? I ... (break) this pencil, so I need the pen to make out a shopping list.
D.: I ... (not see) it. Perhaps it ... (fall) on the floor.
/.: What are we going to buy for the party on Friday? We . (eat) everything in the refrigerator, ... we? We'll have to buy a lot of things.
В.: I ... (fear) some ads out of the newspaper they're for special sales.
Т.: ... you ... (choose) records for the party on Friday?
W-'. No, I ... (be) too busy. But I ... (get) some decorations. And гпУ sister ... (draw) us some funny pictures to hang up. ^here ... she .. (go)?
Т.: She took my brother to the store. They're going to buy home new tapes.
56. Fill in the blanks with the present perfect progressive form of each verb in parentheses. Complete the tag questions and the short answers.
Sally: So what ... you ... (do) with yourself, Ann? You ... (not spend) much time in the library, ... ?
Ann: No, ... . I ... (go out) a lot this semester.
S.: Really? Who ... you ... (go) out with all this time? I know you ... (date) the teaching assistant in our chemistry class, ... ?
A.: Well, I.......
Dean: Where ... you ... (go)? ... he ... (take) you to a lot of movies?
Carlos: He ... (invite) you out to dinner a lot, ... ? Where ... you ... (eat)?
Ann: Well, we ... .
Janet: You ... (not stay) home much, ... ? I know because ... I ... (try) to call you.
Sally: Your life sounds so romantic. Married life it completely different. We ... (not go) out at all, ... , Carlos?
Carlos: Of course, ... why, just three months ago we went out for a pizza!
57. Complete these statements with the present perfect progressive form of each verb in parentheses.
Diana: ... (study) a lot their semester, too. This week I ... write) a term paper. My roommate ... (help) me. But we ... (not work) all the time. We ... (have) a good time, too. We ... (play) tennis and ... (relax).
Jim: So you ... (enjoy) yourselves these days. I ... (not relax) much.
I ... (think) about a vacation for a while. My wife ... (work) hard these days, too. She ... (not take) time for herself. She ' 'type) for extra money and she ... (babysit), too.
58. Arrange these words into the present perfect or the present perfect progressive sentences.
Well, Julio, how do you feel?
Just/ your tenth straight no-hitter/ you/ pitch/ look letter/ You/ never.
Strike out a lot of ballets/ lately/ You/.
You/ not walk any ballets/ recently/.
win twenty games/ their season/ And you learn/already.
They/ a bad game/ not play/ yet/.
59. Complete these sentences with the present perfect, the present perfect proressive, or the past simple form of each verb in parentheses.
Т.: Chris, how are you? I ... (not see) you in ages! What ... you ... (do) this semester? , С/г.: I ... (play) a lot of tennis.
Т.: Really? How long ... (be) interested in tennis?
Сh.: I ... (start) years ago. I guess I ... (be) about ten years old. And I ... (practise) for the college team for month.
Т.: But ... you ... (not play) on the college basketball team last semester?
Ch.: Yes, I did. But when the season ... (end), I... (get) interested in baseball team this spring, but we ... (not have) any games in the last few days, so I ... (think) about swimming too. Of course there's also the soccer team, the football team, the hockey team, the bowling team, the ...
60. Fill in the blanks in the letter with an appropriate form (the present perfect progressive, the present perfect, or the past simple) of each verb in parentheses. Two answers may be correct.
Dear Yukiko,
I've been living (live) in New York for two months now, and I ... (learn) a lot. In general, I .... (be) very happy up until now, but I ... (feel) a little lonely, too.
Since I ... (rent) this apartment, I ... (meet) some of the people in the building. There are some interesting couples. In the past few weeks, I ... (talk) a lot to an American woman who is married to a Vietnamese man. A Peruvian man and his American wife ... (promise) to invite me to dinner sometime, but they ...
(not do) it yet. Actually, I ... (not see) the inside of an American family's apartment since I ... (move) here.
A very nice Arabian woman ... (visit) me this week. She ... (be) married to an American for several years. She says she ... (have) problems with the customs of the United States since she ... (move) here, and there ... (be) cultural conflicts.
I'm surprised at the number of cross-cultural couples that I ... (get) to know since last month. And now an American student ... (ask) me out. What do you think? Should I go? Your friend Monique
61. Put in the present simple, the present perfect progressive or the past simple.
THE AUSTRALIAN SALUTE
Before I (visit) ... Australia, an Australian friend in London (tell) ... me I'd learn "the Australian salute". "What's that?" I (ask) ... . "You'll find out when you get there," he (say) ... . I (arrive) ... in Perth last week. Since then, I (stay) ... at a nice hotel near a beautiful beach. I (never visit) ... Australia before and I am enjoying my stay. I (swim) ... every day since the time I (arrive) ... . Yesterday, an Australian friend (suggest) ... a tour into "the bush". I (agree) ... at once. The first thing I (notice) ... when we (be) ... in the bush (be) ... the flies. After a while I (remember) ... the conversation I had had in London before I (come) ... here. "What's the "Australian salute"?" I (ask) ... suddenly, as I waved my right arm to keep the flies away. "That's it!" my friend said as he (wave) ... back!
62. Supply the past simple or the past perfect simple. Show when both are possible.
1. They ... the gates before I ... there (lock, get). 2. By the time we ... the party ... (arrive, finish). 3. I ... the shop as soon as I ... the contents of the box. (ring, check) 4. After we ... it on the phone, I ... him a letter about it. (discuss, write) 5. We ... a good rest when our guests ... (have, all leave). 6. When she ... the office this morning, Jim ... (ring, already go out). 7. Before we ... Tim to the theatre, he ... a stage play before, (take, never see) 8. I ... the carpet when the dog ... in and ... himself, (just clean, come, shake) 9. He ... to do the job in an hour, but he still ... by 10 o'clock, (promise, not finish)
63. Put in the past perfect simple or progressive or the past simple. Give alternatives where possible.
COOKING THE BOOKS?
Old Mr Williams was very concerned. He and his wife were pensioners and he (spend) ... the whole morning looking for the pension books. He (look) ... everywhere, but he (not be able) ... to find them. Meanwhile his wife (be) ... busy. She (cook) ... all morning. She (prepare) ... a delicious meal. She (make) ... soup, followed by a lovely pie, which she (bake) ... in the oven. Mr Williams (always enjoy) ... his food, but he clearly wasn't enjoying his lunch. "What's the matter, Tom?" his wife asked. Mr Williams (have to) ... confess that he (lose) ... their pension books. "I know", Mrs Williams (say) ... with a twinkle in her eye. "I've got them". "You've got them?" "Yes — and guess where I (find) ... them!" Mr Williams suddenly remembered. "In the oven! I (put) ... them there for safe-keeping." He (smile) ... with relief as she (fish) ... them out of her apron pocket!
64. Complete these sentences with the present perfect, the present perfect procressive, or the past simple from each verb in parentheses.
/.: We have to do something this weekend. I don't want to stay at home. We ... (stay) home and (study) all last weekend.
K.: Well, it ... (rain) all day Saturday and Sunday.
/.: Right. So we ... (not get) any outdoor exercise lately.
K.: Then let's go swimming. We ... (not go) swimming yet this summer.
/.: No, the pool ... (be) too crowded the last time. How about roller-skating? I ... (go) roller-skating last week and I ... (have) a great time.
K.: I ... (try) roller-skating only once in my life. It ... (be) a few years ago. I ... (fall) down about ten times.
/.: Well, ... you ever ... (play) volleyball? That's always
fun.
K.: Yes, but I ... already ... (do) that this month. Let's try something else. We ... (not be) to the beach lately, ... we?
/.: You're right. How about sunbathing?
K.: Good idea. All this planning ... (make) me very tired.
65. Use either the present perfect or the past simple in the following sentences.
1. John ... (write) his report last night. 2. Bob ... (see) this movie before. 3. George ... (read) the newspaper already. 4 Mr Johnson ... (work) in the same place for thirty-five years, and he is not planning to retire yet. 5. We ... (begin; negative) to study for the test yet. 6. George ... (go) to the store at ten o'clock this morning. 7. Joan ... (travel) around the world. 8. Belty ... (write) a letter last night. 9. Guillermo ... (call) his employer yesterday. 10 We ... (see; negative) this movie yet.
66. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: the present perfect or the past simple. (In some cases the present perfect progressive is also possible. This is noted in the key.)
1. Paul: I (play) football since I was five years old. Tom: You (play) since you (come) to England? Paul: Oh yes. I (play) quite a lot. I (join) a club the day after I (arrive). 2. Tom: You (play) any matches? Paul: We (play) about ten. We have two more to play. We [ (have) a very good season, we (win) all our matches so far, ,' though we (not really deserve) to win the last one. 3. Tom: I (play) football when I (be) at school but when I (leave) school I (drop) it and (take) up golf. 4. Ann: Hello, Jack! I (not see) you for ages1 Where you (be)? Jack: I (be) in Switzerland I (mean) to send you a postcard but I (not have) your address with me.
Ann: Never mind. You (have) a good time in Switzerland? How long you (be) there?
Jack: I (be) there for a month. I only just (get) back. Yes, I (enjoy) it thoroughly. I (ski) all day and (dance) all night. 5. Ann: I (ski) when I (be) at the university, but I (break) a leg five years ago and since then I (not do) any. 6. When I first (come) to this house, it (be) a very quiet area. But since then a new housing estate (be) built and it (become) very noisy.
7. My son (not start) work yet. He's still at the High School. ~ How long he (be) at school? ~ He (be) at the High School for six years; before that he (spend) five years at the Primary School in Windmill Street. 8. I just (hear) that Peter is in Australia. ~ Oh, you (not know)? He (fly) out at the beginning of the month. ~ You (hear) from him? Does he like the life? ~
Yes, I (get) a letter last week. He (tell) me about his job. But he (not say) whether he (like) the life or not. Perhaps it's too ; soon to say. He only (be) there three weeks. 9. I (not know) you (be) left-handed. ~ I'm not left-handed; but my oil-heater (explode) yesterday and I (burn) my right hand, so I have to use my left. 10. This bicycle (be) in our family for fourteen years. My father (use) it for the first five years, my brother (ride) it for next five, and I (have) it for the last four. 11. I hear that your MP, Mr Simpson, (make) a very clever speech last night. How long he (be) your MP? ~ Oh, we only (have) him since January. His predecessor Mr Allen (resign) suddenly because of ill-health and there (be) a by-election. 12. I hear that Mr Jones (leave). ~ Yes, he (leave) last week. ~ Anybody (be) appointed to take his place? ~ I believe several men (apply) for the job but so far nothing (be) decided. 13. Peter (meeting Ann at the airport): Hello, Ann. You (have) a good trip? Ann: The actual flight (be) lovely, one of the best I (have) ever, but it (take) ages to get into the plane. First they (think) that one of us (be) a hijacker and they (search) us all for firearms; the they (announce) that one of the engines (be) faulty. We finally (take off) an hour later. 14. Peter: How you (spend) this extra hour before (take-off)? Ann: Oh, they (take) us to the restaurant and (feed) us and we (walk) about and (buy) things we (not need). The time (pass) all right. 15. You (book) your hotel room yet? ~ Well, I (write) to the hotel last week but they (not answer) yet. 16. Peter (meeting Paul unexpectedly in London): Hello, Paul! I (not know) you (be) here. Paul: Oh, I (be) here nearly two months. I (arrive) on the 6th of January. 17. Peter: When we last (meet) you (say) that nothing would induce you to come to England. What (make) you change your mind? Paul: I (find) that I (need) English for my work and this (seem) the quickest way of learning it. 18. Peter: You (know) any English when you first (arrive) here? Paul: No, I (not know) a word. 19. Ann: (to Yvonne, who is going to English classes): How long you (learn) English? Yvonne: I (learn) off and on for about five and a half years. (Use the progressive form.) 20. I (begin) English at secondary school and (do) it for three years Then I (drop) it for a year and (forget) most of it. Then I (spend) two years at a secretarial college, where I (study) commercial English, and for the last six months I (study) in London. 21. At 4 p.m. my neighbour (ring) up and (say), "Is Tom with you?" Tom, her son, (spend) most of his time in my garden playing with my children, so whenever she (not be able) to find him she (ring) me. "I'm afraid I (not see) him today," I (say). "But my children (go) to the beach this morning and (not come) back yet. Perhaps he (go) with them." 22. I just (have) my first driving lesson. ~ How it (go)? You (enjoy) it? ~ Well, I not actually (hit) anything but I (make) every other possible mistake. 23. Old Ben (sell) newspapers just inside the station entrance, and my father always (buy) his evening paper from him as he (leave) the station on his way home. But one day my father (arrive) home without his paper. "Ben (not be) there this evening, " he (say). "I (hope) he (not be taken) ill." 24. On Saturday afternoon I (see) Frederick sitting in his garden. "I (think) you (work) on Saturdays," I (say).
"I (work) this morning," (explain) Frederick, "but at lunch time the boss (go) off to play golf and (tell) us all to go home. It's about time he (give) us a whole Saturday off actually. I (work) practically every Saturday since the beginning of the year." 25. Ann: You (be) to Hampton Court? Jane: Yes, I (go) there last week. The tulips (be) wonderful. Ann: You (go) by car?
Jane: No, I (go) with my English class. We (hire) a coach. 26. Ann: Where else you (be) to since you (come) to England? Jane: Oh, I (be) to Stratford and Coventry and Oxford and Canterbury. 27. Ann: You (see) a lot. When you (go) to Stratford? Jane: I (go) last week. The people I work for (take) me. 28. Ann: You (see) a play at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre when you (be) at Stratford? Jane: Yes, we (see) Macbeth. We were very lucky. We just (walk) in and (ask) if they (have) any returned tickets, and the girl at the box office (say), "Yes, a man just (return) three stalls." 29. Ann: You (be) to Wales? Jane: No, I (be) to Scotland but I (not be) to Wales. I'd like to go. 30. Peter: You (see) any good films lately? Ann: Yes, I (go) to the National Film Theatre last week and (see) a Japanese film. Peter: You (like) it? Ann: Yes, I (love) it, but of course I (not understand) a word. 31. Tom: I hear that Mr Benson just (die). You (know) him quite well, didn't you? Jack: Yes. We (work) for the same company for ten years. I (not see) so much of him after he (leave) the company but we (keep) in touch. 32. Ann (think) the garage (be) empty, and (turn) off the lights. "Hey!" (shout) Paul from under the car. "I'm sorry, Paul," (say) Ann, "I (not know) you (be) there." 33. Father: Tom (not come) back yet? Mother. Yes, he (come) in an hour ago. He (go) straight to bed. Father: Funny. I (not hear) him. 34. Paul: That's a live wire. It just (give) me a shock! Ann: Nonsense! I just (touch) it and I (not feel) anything!
35. When Paul (come) into the room, Ann was sitting in an armchair just behind the door. Paul, not noticing Ann, (go) to the window and (look) out. Ann (cough) and Paul (spin) round. "Hello, Ann!" he (exclaim), "I (not see) you!" 36. Jack: You just (agree) to go, so why aren't you getting ready? Peter. But I (not realize) that you (want) me to start at once!
67. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: present perfect or past simple.
1. I (buy) a new house last year, but I (not sell) my old house yet, so at the moment / have two houses. 2. When Ann (be) on her way to the station it (begin) to rain. Ann (run) back to her flat for her umbrella, but this (make) her late for her train. 3. She (catch) the next train but it (not get) in till 9.00, so she (arrive) at her office ten minutes late. 4. Her boss (look) up as she (come) in. "You (be) late every morning this week," he (growl). 5. At 7 a.m. Charles (ring) Peter and (say), "I'm going fishing, Peter. Would you like to come?" "But it’s so early," (say) Peter. "I (not have) breakfast yet. Why you (not tell) me last night?" 6. Tom (meet) Paul at lunch time and (say), "I (not see) you at the bus stop this morning. You (miss) the bus?" "I (not miss) it," (reply) Paul. "I (not miss) a bus for years. But this morning George (give) me a lift." 7. Ann (go) to Canada six months ago. She (work) in Canada for a while and then (go) to the United States. 8. Mary (be) in Japan for two years. She is working there and likes it very much.~
How she (go)? ~ She (go) by air. 9. When I (buy) my new house I (ask) for a telephone. The Post Office (tell) me to wait, but I (wait) a year now and my phone still (not come).
10. Bill usually has breakfast at 8.00. Yesterday at 8.30. Peter (meet) Bill and (offer) him an apple. "No, thanks," (say) Bill. "I just (have) breakfast." 11. Just as Ann (arrive) at the airfield a plane (land) and a girl (climb) out. To her surprise Ann (recognize) her cousin, Lucy. "Hello, Lucy," she (exclaim). "I (not know) that you (know) how to fly a plane." "I only just (learn)," (say) Lucy. "I (go) solo for the first time last week." 12. Peter (try) to come in quietly but his mother (hear) him and (call) out, "Where you (be)? Your supper (be) in the oven for an hour." 13. You (be) to the theatre lately? ~ Yes, I (go) to Othello last week. ~ .You (like) it? ~
Yes, but I (not see) very well. I (be) right at the back. 14. Ann (coming out of a bookshop): I just (buy) a copy of David Copperfield. You (read) it? Mary: As it happens it is the only one of Dickens's books that I (not read). I (not even see) the film. 15. You (be) to Cambridge? ~ Yes, I (be) there last month. ~ How you (get) there? ~ My brother (take) me in his car. 16. You (see) Philip lately? I (ring) his flat several times last week but (get) no answer. ~ Oh, he (be) in America for the last month. He (fly) out on the first for a conference and then (decide) to stay for six weeks. ~ You (hear) from him? ~ Yes, I (get) a letter shortly after he (arrive). 17. How long you (be) in your present job? ~ I (be) there for six months. ~ And what you (do) before that? ~
Before that I (work) for Jones and Company. 18. How long you (work) for Jones and Company? ~ I (work) for them for two years. ~ You (like) working for them? ~ No, I (not like) it at all. ~ Then why you (stay) so long? 19. We usually go out on Saturday evenings, but last Saturday (be) so wet that we (stay) in and (play) cards. ~ What you (play)? ~ We (play) poker. I (lose) fifty pence.
20. When you (begin) school? ~ I (begin) school when I (be) five. I (go) to a primary school first I (stay) there for six years and then I (go) to a comprehensive school. 21. When I (be) seventeen I (start) my university course. ~ When you (get) your degree? ~ Oh, I (not get) my degree yet; I'm still at the university. I only (be) there for two years. 22. Tom (leave) the house at 8.20. At 8.25 the phone in Tom's house (ring), Tom's wife, Mary, (answer) it. "Could I speak to Tom, please?" (say) the caller. "I'm afraid he just (go) out", (say) Mary. 23. You (be) to Cornwall?-Yes, I (be) there last Easter. ~ You (go) by train? - No, I (hitch-hike). 24. I (not see) Charles for some time. ~ He (be) ill, poor chap. He (collapse) at work a fortnight ago and (be taken) to hospital. They (send) him home after two days but he (not come) back to work yet.
25. There (be) a very good programme on TV last night. You (see) it? - No, I (take) my set back to the shop last week because there (be) so much distortion; and they (say) it (need) a new part. They (not be able) to get the new part so far, so I (not watch) television for about ten days.
26. You (ever) be to France? ~ Yes, I (spend) last July and August in Grenoble. I (go) to improve my French but everyone I (meet) (want) to improve his English so I (not get) much practice. 27. The postman usually comes between 8.00 and 9.00 in the morning. At 8.45 a.m. yesterday Ann (say), "Are there any letters for me?" "I don't know," (say) Mary. "The postman (not come) yet." At 11 a.m. Jack, Mary's husband, (ring) from his office to ask if there (be) any letters for him. "No," (say) Mary. "Nobody (get) letters today. The postman (not come)."
28. Mr Speed, Ann's employer, (dictate) three letters and (tell) Ann to type them as soon as possible. Half an our later he (ring) Ann's office. "You (finish) those letters yet?" he (ask).
"Well," (say) Ann, "I (do) the letter to Mr Jones, and I'm now typing the one to Mr Robinson, but I (not start) the one to Mr Smith yet." 29. You (find) out yet about the trains to Liverpool? ~
No. I (ring) the station last night but the man who (answer) the phone (not seem) to be sure of the times. He (say) something about a new timetable. ~ But the new timetable (be) in operation for three weeks! 30. Tom and Jack work in different offices but go to work in the same train. One evening Tom's wife (say), "Jack (move) into his new house yet?" "I don't know," (say) Tom, "I (not see) Jack today. He (not be) on the train. 31. Where you (be)? ~ I (be) shopping in Oxford Street. ~ So I suppose you (buy) shoes? ~ Yes. I (find) a shop where they were having a sale and I (get) three pairs. 32. In the evening I often play chess with my next door neighbour. I (play) chess with him ever since I (come) to live here ten years ago. He (be) here all his life; he (inherit) the house from his father, another great chess player. ~ You ever (play) chess with the father? ~ We (play) once or twice but he (die) a year after I (arrive). 33. I can't find my gloves. You (see) them? ~ Yes, you (leave) them in the car yesterday. I (put) them back , in your drawer. 34. I hope you're enjoying your visit to England. You (meet) any Englishmen yet? ~
Yes, I (meet) a man called Smith at a party last night. ~ What you (talk) about? ~ We (talk) about the weather. 35. Mrs Jones: For years I (do) all my washing by hand then last year I (buy) a washing machine and I must say it (make) washing day much less exhausting. It only takes rm an hour now. Mrs White: I don't like washing machines. I always (do) my washing by hand and I intend to go on doing it. I always (find) it very satisfying work. 36. Tom: Don't you think it's time we (have) something different for Sunday dinner? Ann: But we (have) roast beef for Sunday dinner ever since we (get) married. Your mother (tell) me that you (be) particularly fond of roast beef. Tom: But my mother (be) dead for five years and in those five years my tastes (change).
68. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: present perfect simple or present perfect progressive.
1. Peter: You (telephone) for ages. You not nearly (finish)? Jack: I (not get) through yet. I (try) to get our Paris office but the line (be) engaged all morning. 2. Ann (fail) her driving test three times because she's so bad at reversing. But she (practise) reversing for the last week and I think she (get) a bit better at it. 3. Tom: I often (wonder) why Bill left the country so suddenly. Peter: Actually, I just (find) out. 4. He (play) the bagpipes since six o'clock this morning. He only just (stop). 5. Why you (not bring) me the letters for signature? You (not type) them yet?
6. Tom (looking up absent-mindedly as Mary comes in): You (sunbathe)? Mary (crossly): Don't be ridiculous! It (rain) all day! 7. A pair of robins (build) a nest in the porch since last week. I (watch) them from my window since they began. 8. The police (not find) the murderer yet, but the dead man's brother (be) in the station all day. The police say that he (help) them with their enquiries. 9. They (pull) down most of the houses in this street, but they (not touch) the old shop at the corner yet. 10. Tom is convinced that there is gold in these hills but we (search) for six months and (not see) any sign of it. 11. I (wait) for the prices of the houses to come down before buying a house, but I think I (wait) too long and the prices are beginning to go up again.
12. Peter (be) a junior clerk for three years. Lately he (look) for a better post but so far he (not find) anything. 13. I (do) housework all morning and I (not finish) yet. ~ I (do) mine already. I always start at 6 a.m. 14. I just (pick) ten pounds of strawberries! I (grow) strawberries for years but I never (have) such a good crop before. 15. What you (do) with the corkscrew? The point is broken off. ~ I'm afraid I (use) it to make holes in this tin. 16. She just (sell) two of her own paintings. ~ She's lucky. I (paint) for five years and I (not sell) a single picture yet. 17. They are throwing crockery at each other in the next flat. ~ This (happen) before? ~ Well, they (have) a good many rows but this is the first time they (throw) crockery. 18. What you (do) with my typewriter? I can't find it anywhere. ~ Tom just (go) off with it. He says he'll bring it back when he (finish). 19. He (work) for Crow Brothers for forty years and never once (be) late. The firm just (present) him with a gold watch as a sign of their appreciation. 20. We (mend) sheets all morning but we only (do) three, and now the sewing machine (break) down so we'll be even slower with the next one. 21. George (collect) matchboxes ever since he left school. Now he (collect) so many that he doesn't know where to put them. 22. I (look) through my old photograph album. It's full of photographs of people whose names I completely (forget). I wonder what (happen) to them all. 23. It was lovely at eleven o'clock, but since then the sky (get) steadily darker and the wind (rise). I'm afraid the fine spell (come) to an end. 24. Since he became Mayor, my brother reckons that he (eat) 30 official lunches and 22 official dinners, and he (lose) count of the number of receptions and parties that he (attend). ~ He (put) on a lot of weight? 25. Secretary: Customers (ring) up all morning complaining about getting incorrect bills. Manager. I know; something (go) wrong with our computer The mechanic (work) on it. I hope he (find) out what's wrong. 26. Someone (use) my umbrella! It's all wet1 And it was wet yesterday and the day before! ~ Well, it wasn't me. I (not be) out of the house for a week1
27. I (stand) in this queue for ages. It (not move) at all in the last five minutes. I think the man in the ticket office just (shut) his window and (go) off for lunch. 28. The Town Council (consider) my application for permission to build a garage for three months. They just (give) my neighbour permission to build one, so I hope they (decide) to let me have one too. 29. You look exhausted! ~ Yes, I (play) tennis and I (not play) for years, so I'm not used to it. 30. They began widening this road three weeks ago; but the workmen (be) on strike for the last fortnight so they (not get) very far with it. 31. That man (stand) at the bus stop for the last half hour. Shall I tell him that the last bus already (go)? 32. I wonder if anything (happen) to Tom. I (wait) an hour now. He often (keep) me waiting but he never (be) quite so late as this. 33. Mrs Brown (live) next door for quite a long time now but she never (say) more than "Good morning" to me.
34. I just (remember) that I (not pay) the rent yet. I am surprised that the landlord (not ring) me up to remind me. ~ It is the first time you (be) late with the rent in 25 years. He probably thinks that you (pay) and he (lose) the cheque. 35. Shop assistant: Could you give me some proof of your identity, madam? Customer. But I (shop) here for fifteen years1 Shop assistant- I know, madam, but apparently the company (lose) a lot of money lately through dud cheques and they (make) new regulations which we (be told) to apply to all customers no mater how long we (know) them. 36. What you (do)? I (look) for you for ages. ~ I (build) a barbecue in the garden.
69. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1. He (give) me back the book, (thank) me for lending it to him and (say) that he (enjoy) it very much; but I (know) that he (not read) it because most of the pages (be) still uncut.
2. When he (see) his wife off at the station, he (return) home as he (not have) to be at the airport till 9.30. 3. He (not have) to pack, for his wife already (do) that for him and his case (be) ready in the hall. 4. He (not have) to check the doors and windows either, for his wife always (do) that before she (leave) the house. 5. All he (have) to do (be) to decide whether or not to take his overcoat with him. In the end he (decide) not to. 6. At 8.30 he (pick) up his case, (go) out of the house and (slam) the door behind him. 7. Then he (feel) in his pockets for the key, for his wife (remind) him to double-lock the front door. 8. When he (search) all his pockets and (find) no key he (remember) where it (be). 9. He (leave) it in his overcoat pocket. 10. Then he (remember) something else; his passport and tickets (be) in his overcoat pocket as well. 11. I (arrive) in England in the middle of July. I (be told) that England (be) shrouded in fog all year round, so I (be) quite surprised to find that it was merely raining. 12. I (ask) another passenger, an Englishman, about the fog and he (say) that there (not be) any since the previous February. 13. If I (want) fog, he said, I (come) at quite the wrong time. 14. However, he (tell) me that I could buy tinned fog at a stop in Shaftesbury Avenue. 15. He (admit) that he never (buy) fog there himself but (assure) me that they (sell) good quality fog and that it (not be) expensive. 1 suppose he was joking. 16. When the old lady (return) to her flat she (see) at once that burglars (break) in during her absence, because the front door (be) open and everything in the flat (be) upside down 17. The burglars themselves (be) no longer there, but they probably only just (leave) because a cigarette was still burning on an ornamental table. 18. Probably they (hear) the lift coming up and (run) down the fire escape. 19. They'(help) themselves to hei whisky too but there (be) a little left, so she (pour) herself ou1 a drink. 20. She (wonder) if they (find) her jewellery and rathei (hope) that they had. 21. The jewellery (be given) her by hei husband, who (die) some years before. 22. Since his death she (not have) the heart to wear it, yet she (not like) to sell it. 23. Now it (seem) that fate (take) the matter out of her hands; and certainly the insurance money would come in handy. 24. I (put) the £5 note into one of my books; but next day it (take) me ages to find it because I (forget) which book I (put) it into.
25. A woman (come) in with a baby, who she (say) just (swallow) a safety pin. 26. I (think) my train (leave) at 14.33, and (be) very disappointed when I (arrive) at 14.30 and (learn) that it just (leave). 27. I (find) later that I (use) an out-of-date timetable. 28. He (park) his car under a No Parking sign and (rush) into the shop. When he (come) out of the shop ten minutes later the car (be) no longer there. 29. He (wonder) if someone (steal) it or if the police (drive) it away.
30. It (be) now 6 p.m.; and Jack (be) tired because he (work) hard all day. 31. He (be) also hungry because he (have) nothing to eat since breakfast. 32. His wife usually (bring) him sandwiches at lunch time, but today for some reason she (not come). 33. He (keep) looking at her, wondering where he (see) her before. 34. I (look) out before I (go) to bed and (see) a man standing on the opposite pavement watching the house. 35. When I (get up) the following morning he (be) still there, and I (wonder) whether he (stay) there all night or if he (go) away and (come) back. 36. When I (open) the door I (see) a man on his knees. 37. He clearly (listen) to our conversation and I (wonder) how much he (hear). 38. When I (ask) him what he (do), he (say) that he (drop) a 50p piece outside the door and (look) for it. 39. I (not see) any sign of the money, but I (find) a small notebook and pencil which he probably (drop) when the door (open) suddenly. 40. So he (take) notes of our conversation! 41. The notes /be) written in a foreign language, so I (turn) to the stranger and (ask) him to translate. 42. But he (pull) my hat over my eyes and (run) off down the corridor. 43. By the time I (recover) from the shock he (disappear) round the corner. 44. Curiously enough, when I (move) my foot I (find) that I (stand) on a 50p piece. 45. Perhaps he (tell) the truth after all!
70. Complete the sentences with the present perfect progressive or the past perfect progressive of the verbs in the list:
ask, expect, fly, give, learn, listen, look, operate, point out, say, see, wait, work,
1. At last you're here! I ... for you for over twenty minutes. 2. He knows quite a lot of English. He ... it for six years. 3. She finally said "Yes". He ... her to marry him for years. 4. I think I need a break. I ... solidly for the last three hours. 5. You ... to a word I ..., have you? 6. For some time now, world leaders ... the necessity for agreement on arms reduction. 7. The police, who ... trouble during the civil rights demonstration, were surprised by the eventual absence of violence. 8. The manager went down with pneumonia. He ... unwell for several days. 9. The chairman said that the Board of Directors ... serious thought to the possibility of entering the American market. 10. At the inquiry into the plane crash, the pilot said in evidence that he . this type of aircraft for ten years. 11. I know why you're having nightmares. You ... too many horror films recently. 12. The new one-way scheme . . for just over twelve months, and traffic has improved considerably as a result
71. In each of the following sentences the words in italics indicate the state of affairs existing at a particular time. Rewrite the existing sentences, using a perfect tense of the verbs in brackets to indicate that an earlier action has produced, had produced or will have produced the current state or result.
1. By the time the doctor arrived, the man was already dead (die). 2. If we don't hurry, the meeting will already be in progress by the time we get there (start). 3 When we arrived to the airport we found that all flights were off because of the fog (cancel-passive). 4. Do you think he will already be at the house when we arrive? (reach) 5. When she got home, she found that her parents were already in bed. (go) 6. By the end of next week, he will be out of hospital, (leave) 7. They are husband and wife at last, (get married)
72. Complete the sentences, using a perfect tense of the verbs in brackets, to suggest what has occurred, had occurred or will have occurred to produce the situations described.
1. I don't know your friend Smith. I ... (never meet). 2. Don't ask me what spinach tastes like. I ... (not try). 3. When he first arrived, he couldn't speak a word of English. He ... (never study before). 4. He went to see a doctor. He ... for some time (feel ill). 5. If you keep forgetting to water the plants, there won't be any by the end of the week. They ... (all die). 6. He woke up feeling tired because he ... (not sleep). 7. There isn't any more typing paper. It ... (all use up — passive). 8. A.: How's your son getting on at school? В.: I don't really know. I ... teachers for some time (to speak). 9. A.: Don't you know what the book is about? В.: No, I ... (not yet read). 10. A.: Why didn't you come to the meeting? В.: I ... (not tell — passive). 11. Don't worry about the telegram. It .. (already send — passive). 12. You can stop looking for my gloves. I ... (just find).
73. Rewrite the sentences using the simple past or past perfect of the verbs in brackets. The adverbs in italics should be put in their correct position.
1. When Queen Victoria (die) in 1901 she (reign) for over 60 years. 2. Nothing (move — passive) in the room until the police (take) photographs. 3. We all (realize) what a lucky escape we (have). 4. A friend of mine (return) to his house after a holiday to find it (break into — passive). 5. None of the teachers (understand) how he (manage) to fail the examination. 6. I (call) at the manager's office but (discover) I just (miss) him. He (go out) for lunch. 7. A search party (set out) to look for the two climbers who (leave) their hotel early that morning and who still (not return). 8. The scientist suddenly (see) the answer to the problem that (occupy) his mind for the last two months.
74. Write the letter which Felix received from Marie-Laura based on the following report paying attention to your rendering of the verbs which appear in the past perfect tense.
Felix received a disturbing letter from Marie-Laura and phrases from it were passing through his head as he talked to Mildred. Marie-Laura, as it turned out, was still in Singapore. She was having second thoughts about going to India. She did not, she said, want to pursue him if he found her a nuisance. It was still possible for her to stay in Singapore. So much had been spoken between them and at that time it had not mattered. He had been thoroughly English and though this was rather beautiful it was something for which she now had to pay. He must forgive her for asking for definitions. But she did not want to die of being quiet and reasonable. Did he want to see her again? He had said when they parted that he did and said it with a fervour. On that fervour she had been living ever since. But had he spoken merely to smooth over a distressing-parting? Now that he was back in England she would perhaps seem someone far off and unreal. There would be perhaps girls in England, a girl, indeed he had once hinted it, who would make him forget his Marie-Laure. Yet when she thought of their last time together she felt that there must be for them another time. She had never positively said it — but in case he had not understood and for fear of perishing by a mistake, let her say it now: she loved him, she wanted to marry him, she wanted to be with him forever. All she asked of him now was some response however vague, something quite non-committal: but which might help her to decide.
(from An Unofficial Rose by Iris Murdoch)
75. Put in the right tenses.
1. When I ... an old woman I shall wear purple, (be) 2. Will you tell me as soon as the bell ... ? (ring) 3. I'll be interested to see whether John ... tomorrow or not. (come) 4. After we've finished the building work, things ... easier, (be) 5. I'll have the letter finished before the postman ... here, (get) 6. I hope you ... me all about the holiday when you ... back (tell; get)
1. Next time you come I ... you to see my mother, (take) 8. I don't know if I ... here when you ... tomorrow morning. (be; phone)
76. Complete the text with the right form of the verbs.
This is James R. Jenings. He (sell) new and used American cars. Until about 1978 it (be) quite easy for him to sell American cars. And until the late 1980s he (feel) happy in his job because he (earn) enough money.
Now he (has be) so happy. Bunkers (be) worse today there it (be) in those days. Fewer cars (be sold) all over the USA today and americans often (buy) foreign cars. Because Mr Jenings (not sell) cars from other countries life has become harder for him and his family.
77. Supply the past perfect or the past simple in the following sentences.
1. The policeman read the suspect his rights after he ... (arrest) him. 2. After John ... (wash) his clothes, he began to study. 3. George ... (wait) for one hour before the bus came.
4. Maria ... (enter) the university after she had graduated from the community college. 5. Jeanette ... (wash) its pipettes after she had completed the experiment. 6. Jane sent a letter to her university after she ... (receive) her scholarship check. 7. After the stewardess had served lunch to the passengers, they .. (sit) down. 8. The car ... (flip) ten times before it landed on its roof. 9. We corrected our paper after we ... (take) the guiz. 10. John ... (live) in Miami for one year when his parents came to visit.
78. Complete these short dialogues with the right form in the present simple, the past simple and will — future.
1. (you/take) those photos last weekend? — No, they (take) a few weeks ago.
2. Our car (steal) last night. — Really? Where (it/ happen)?
Outside our home. Dad (not put) it into the garage last night. — That's annoying. But perhaps you (be) lucky and it (find) by the police soon.
3. I think I (paint) our front door next weekend. — Good idea. It really (have to/ paint) again. When (it/do) the last time? — I think we (paint) it soon after we bought the house, about ten years ago
4. Why (you/ throw) that cat food away yesterday? — It (be) bad. It (have to/ throw) away.
Are you sure it (be) bad? It (sell) as a special offer in the supermarket last week.
— Well, it certainly (be) special. We've never had a tin of cat food that (be) bad.
79. Open the brackets. Use simple present, present progressive, simple past, will-future.
S.: How (be) the concert last night, Maureen?
M.- Oh, it (be) fantastic. We (like) it very much.
S.: (Jody/ go) with you to the concert?
M.; Yes, we (meet) at Spring street subway station. Later she (take) us out for dinner in Chinatown. Then we (take) a cab to the Garden.
S.: (lots of people/ go) to the concert?
M.. Yes, thousands (try) to get in.
S.: Then you (not/ see) much of Bruce.
M.' Well, we (be) lucky. But we (have to) fight to get to the front.
S.: You (be able to )hear and see Bruce, then. That (be) really lucky. Chuck (go) to a concert not long ago. It (be) so full at the Garden that he (not hear or see) anything.
M.- Oh, come on. Now you (invent) things, Scott. I (know) you (not like) rock music. That's why you (say) silly things. But all I can say is: if I (be allowed to) go to a concert at the Garden again, then nothing (stop) me!
80. Complete these sentences with the appropriate tense form (simple, past, present, present perfect, or future tense, simple or progressive) of the verb in parentheses. Several answers may be correct. Complete the short answers and tag questions.
On Saturday, Andy ... (throw) out the spoiled food from the refrigerator. All week long, he ... (eat) meals in restaurants. Finally, when Andy ... (arrive) from school on Thursday, Fred, the refrigerator repairman, ... (wait) for him. "Where ... you ... (be)?" ... (ask) Fred. "I ... (wait) for you for six days!" ... (answer) Andy. "... (come) on. I'll ... (take) you up to the apartment I can't ... (stand) it any longer." Andy ... (lead) Fred upstairs. While Fred ... (work) on the refrigerator, Andy . . (watch). "That should ... (do) it," Fred finally — (say). "You won't ... (have) any more problems with this machine". He ... (hold) out his hand. "I ... (need) $ 79.88 for the repairs." "I ... (have) a guarantee." Andy ... (hand) him the warranty form, and Fred ... (look) at it quickly.
"Sorry, buddy," he ... (reply) after he ... (give) Andy back the form. "This warranty ... (expire) yesterday." "But the refrigerator ... (not run) since last Friday. And I ... (call) you on the phone then." "That ... (not matter). I ... just ... (finish) the repair, and the guarantee ... (not be) valid since midnight last night." Andy .. (begin) to get angry. "I ... (not have) a refrigerator for the last six days. I ... (eat) out all week because I couldn't ... (keep) any food in the house. And now you ... (tell) me that the guarantee (not be) good any more. I ... (not have) any money, and I ... (not pay) ! " "Well, then, I ... (talk) to the store manager. We'll ... (see) about this ..." ... (shout) Fred as he ... (leave) the apartment.
81. Complete these sentences with the correct form (present simple, past simple, future or present perfect) of the verb in parentheses. There may be more, than one correct answer. Complete the short answers and the tag questions.
M.: Ugh! Something ... (smell) terrible in here! What ... (happen)?
A.: The refrigerator ... (break) down last night, and all the food ... (spoil).
M.: You ... (not have) that fridge very long, .. you? ... (not be) it still under the warranty?
A.: It ... (be) right now, but the guarantee ... (expire) next Wednesday, and the repairman won't ... (come) until Thursday.
M.: But the trouble ... (start) last night and you ... (call) him this morning, ... you?
A.: Yes, I ... .
M.: Then the guarantee ... (be) still good, ... it?
A.: Yes, it ... I ... (hope)!
M.: Well. What ... you ... (do) next? I can ... (tell) that you (not take) the food out of the refrigerator yet, ... you?
A.: No, I .... I ... (not be) home all day. And since I ... (get) here, I ... (not have) the energy to move.
M.: Why? Where ... you ... (be) all this time?
A.: Well, first I ... (go) to a supermarket, then I (try) a department store, then ...
M.: You ... (mean), when the refrigerator ... (break), you (go) shopping? Why? What ... you ... (buy)?
A.: Nothing! I couldn't ... (find) an ice chest in the middle of January!
M.: Poor boy! You ... (need) some help now, ... you?
A.: Yes! Please ... (help)!
82. Complete these sentences with the appropriate progressive verb forms (past, present, or present perfect). There may be more than one correct answer. Complete the short answers and tag questions.
Andy's mother calls him on the phone.
M.: Hi, honey. How ... everything ... (go)?
A.: Well ... things... (not go) so well right now ...
M.; What? What's the matter? ... you ... (not feel) well? You ... (take) your vitamins lately, ... you?
A.: Yes, of course I ..., Mother. And I ... (get) enough rest, and I ... (eat) well, except today!
M.: Why? What ... (happen?) You ... (not have) trouble in school, ... (you)?
A.: No, I ... . It's my fridge! It ... (not work)!
M.: Your refrigerator? But it ... (run) fine a few days ago, ... it?
A.: Yes, it ... . But when I came into the kitchen this morning, the food ... (melt) and everything ... (drip) all over the floor I ... out ... (look) for an ice chest all day, and Melissa and I (clean) up all evening. Right now she ... (mop) the floor.
M.: Melissa? ... you still ... (go) out with her? You two . (not get) serious, ... you? ... you ... (not date) anyone else?
A.: Mother, I thought we ... (talk) about the refrigerator!
83- Write out the sentences, using the most logical tense or form of the verbs in brackets. The words in italics should be put in their correct position in relation to the verb.
1. Hello! I (try) to telephone you all week. Where you (be)? 2. "I don't think we (meet) before?" "Well, I (see) you once at a party, but we not (be) introduced then." 3. It (look) as if this light (burn) all night. I must (forget) (switch) it off before I (go) to bed last night. 4. Come in now. I'm sorry (keep) you (wait) so long. 5. I (buy) the book, but when I (hear) the opinion of the critics, I (change) my mind. 6. At last you're here! I (wait) here for more than half an hour. I might (know) you (be) late! 7. My father (work) in Canada for the last year, so by the time he (return) the month after next I not (see) him for fourteen months. 8. When you (see) him again you (be struck) by the way his health (improve) since he (go) to Switzerland. 9. If you (tell) me you already (buy) the book, I not (give) it to you as a birthday present, but now it (be) too late.
10. I (ring) the bell once more, but as he not (answer) yet, I think he must (go) out. I not (bother) (come) all this way if I (know). 11. It's just as well we (bring) a guide-book with us. If we not (have), we (be) completely lost. 12. You can't (remember) (tell) him how to get here. If you (have), he (arrive) long before now.
84. Write out the sentences, using the most logical tense or form of the verbs in brackets. The words in italics should be put in their correct position in relation to the verb.
1. By the time the firemen (arrive), the house (be) ablaze from top to bottom, but it (be) clear that if someone (give) the alarm earlier, they might (stand) a chance of (save) the building. 2. I wish you (tell) me last week that you (come) to London. И I (know) in time, you not (have to) stay in a hotel. 3. Why you not (tell) me you (can) lend me the money? I not (need) (borrow) it from the bank. 4. The driver said he not (can) (understand) why the car (break down) during the race. It (undergo) thorough testing before (be) entered in the competition. 5. It's time we (go). If we not (leave) now, we (miss) the last train. 6. (Be) you cut off while I (talk) to you just now? You (be)? I think something must (go) wrong with the telephone. 7. The manager (talk) to an important customer at the moment but he (be) free (see) you presently. (Like) you (take) a seat for a few minutes? 8. I know I ought (write) to you before, but I (be) so busy recently that I not (have) time for (write) letters. I (telephone) you instead, but I (forget) your number. 9. When I last (see) him, he (live) in London. He (tell) me then that he (think) of (emigrate) to Australia, and he may well (do) so by now. 10. I (be) very excited at the prospect of (go) (ski). It (be) the first time I (try). I think there's nothing like (ski) for (make) a holiday enjoyable.
11. I wish you (let) me (know) you not (be able) to come to dinner. I certainly not (go) to all this trouble if I (know). 12. He said he not (want) (see) the film as he (hear) that it (be) not as good as the critics (suggest).
85. Write out the sentences, using the most logical tense or form of the verbs in brackets. The words in italics should be put in their correct position in relation to the verb.
1. It's a great pity you not (come) to Brighton with us last Saturday. As you never (see) the sea before, it (be) a new experience for you. 2. By the time I (complete) my studies next month, I (live) in London for nearly a year. I not (think) I (stay) any longer after that. 3. It's odd that you (mention) his name. I just (think) about him and (wonder) what (become) of him. 4. I not (call) on him just yet if I (be) you, as I don't think he (get) home from work. 5. He said he (wish) he (be able) (see) you before he (leave). He (like) (say) goodbye personally. He (hope) you (accept) his apologies. 6. (Be) you sure there (be) no one in the room next door? I (can swear) I heard someone (talk) in there. 7. "Mr Smith not (work) here for four years. (Be) you sure you (get) the right name?" "Quite sure. He (ring) me only yesterday, and I certainly not (come) here if he not (ask) me to." 8. Not until we (arrive) at his house we (discover) that he (be) on holiday, and that we (waste) our time in (call) on him. 9. It not (take) very long (get) here after all. We not (need) (take) a taxi. We could (save) the money we (spend) and (have) dinner on the train. 10. It's high time you (make) up your mind about (choose) a career. If you not (decide) soon, you never (settle) down to anything.
86. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. (A variety of tenses will be ended, as well as some of conditionals and imperatives; for be able use || can/could where possible.)
Part 1
Dear Hilda
1. I just (hear) that my mother isn't well, and I (like) to go and see her. The trouble is I can't take my dog Tim with me. 2. You (think) you (be able) possibly look after for a week? 3. You (have) him for a week last year, you (remember), and you (say) he (be) no trouble, and (get) on well with your dog.
4. If you (be able) have him, I (be able) bring him along any time that (suit) you. 5. He (have) his own bed and bowl, and I (bring) enough tinned dog food to last him a week.
6. But if it (not be) convenient, (not hesitate) to say so. 7. There (be) quite good kennels near here, and they (take) him if I (ask). 8. He (be) there once before and (seem) to get on all right.
Love Sarah
Part 2
Dear Sarah
9. I (be) very sorry to hear about your mother's illness, and 'be) glad that you (go) to Scotland to see how she is. 10. It (be) nice for her to see you.
11. Of course I (look) after Tim. 12. We thoroughly (enjoy) having him last year and my dog (miss) him when he (leave) and (look) for him everywhere. 13. I'm sure he (be) delighted to see him again. 14. You (bring) him on Tuesday afternoon? Or, if that (not suit), any time Wednesday. 15. (not bother) to bring dog food; I (have) plenty. 16. I hope you (have) time to have tea with me when you (bring) Tim, and that by then you (have) better news of your mother. Love Hilda
Part3
Dear Peter
17. You by any chance (know) where Bob is? 18. I (like) to find out because I just (hear) of a job that exactly (suit) him, but if he (not apply) fairly soon of course he (not get) it.
19. I last (see) him about a month ago, when he just (leave) his job with the film company. 20 He (say) he (go) to France (had decided to go to France) for a holiday and (promise) to send me a postcard with his French address as soon as he (find) a place to stay. 21. But I (hear) nothing since then and (not know) even whether he (go) to France or not.
22. If you (know) his address I (be) very grateful if you (phone) me. 23. I (try) to phone you several times but your phone (not seem) to be working. Yours Jack
Part 4
Dear Sir
24. I (be) interested in the furnished cottage near Dedham which you (advertise) in yesterday's Telegraph, for my husband and I (come) to England in June and (require) accommodation for three months. 25. You please (tell) me exactly where it (be) and give me details of bus and train services in the area. 26. I also (like) to know about the local shops. 27. I (be able) to shop without a car? 28. My husband (hope) to hire a car, but I (not drive) and he (not be) free very often to take me shopping, so we (need) a cottage
on a bus route. 29. The local shops still (deliver)? I (know) they (do) ten years ago.
30. I (be) grateful also if you (tell) me whether you supply sheets etc. and whether a laundry (call) at the house. 31. The rent you (ask) (sound) reasonable for the size of the cottage. How you (like) it paid? Weekly, monthly or in advance? 32. My husband and I (be) abroad for ten years, but before that we (live) near Dedham, which is why we (want) to spend our holidays there. 33. My husband also (write) a book about Constable and (like) to finish it in the area where he, Constable, (paint) most of his pictures. 34. Mr Jones, the bank manager, (know) us since we (live) in the area and I (be) sure he (recommend) us as suitable tenants. 35. I of course (be willing) to send a deposit. 36. I (be) grateful for an early reply and (enclose) a stamped addressed envelope. Yours faithfully Pamela Smith
87. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense (some present participles will be required).
Parti
Dear Sir
1. I (write) to you three weeks ago, (ask) about conditions of entry into your college. 2. You (reply), (enclose) an enrolment form, which I (fill up) and (return) without delay. 3. Since then, • however, I (hear) nothing and I (begin) to wonder if my application (go) astray. 4. You please (check) that you (receive) it and if you haven't, please send me another enrolment form. 5. If, on the other hand, you (receive) my application but (not decide) whether to accept me as a student or not, I (be) very grateful if you (tell) me when I may expect to hear your decision. 6. Finally, if my application already (be) refused, I (like) to be informed as soon as possible because if I do not get into your college I (have) to apply to another and the sooner I (do) this, the better chance I (have) of being accepted.
Yours faithfully P Smith
Part 2
Dear Mr Jones
7. My family and I (suffer) a good deal lately from the noise made by your guests when they (leave) your house on Saturday nights. 8. They (stand) in the street, (laugh) loudly and (call) goodbye to you and to each other. 9. Then they (get) into their cars, (bang) the doors loudly, and finally they (reverse) their cars on the road. 10. This (sound) a fairly simple manoeuvre, but there is always at least one of your guests who (find) it almost beyond him — whether because he (have) too much drink or still (learn) to drive I (not know) — but I (know) that it (take) him ages to get out, and all the time we hear his engine (roar) and his friends (shout) advice.
11. By the time all your guests (go) and the road is quiet again, my family all (be) wakened up, and the children often (find) it hard to get to sleep again. 12. I (be) very grateful if you (ask) your guests to leave more quietly, and perhaps you (be able) persuade any learner drivers to come by taxi.
Yours sincerely Andrew Brown
Part 3
Dear Ann
13. You (be) free to come to dinner here on Saturday next at 8.00? 14. My brother Paul (come) and (bring) a friend of his called Tom Edwards. 15. You (not meet) Tom but I (think) you (like) him. 16. He is an assistant stage manager at the Gate Theatre and (be able) to tell you about the actors. 17. Paul says Tom (receive) hardly any salary and often (not get) enough to eat, so he (ask) me to have roast beef and Yorkshire pudding for dinner, with apple dumpling to follow. 18. He probably (ring) up between now and Saturday, to say that it (be) a good idea to start with a substantial soup, such as oxtail! 19. I (know) you not usually (eat) heavy three-course meals of this type, but I (hope) the conversation (not be) so heavy. Anyway, come if you (be able).
Love Mary
20. PS. The 14 bus (pass) the door as you probably (remember), and Paul (give) you a lift home.
88. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense and fill the spaces with suitable forms.
Parti
1. Caller. This is Mrs Jones at 22 High Street. ... I have an appointment for a shampoo and set, please? 2. Receptionist: Yes, Mrs Jones. Who usually (do) your hair? 3. Caller: Peter usually (do) it, but the last time I (come) he (be) on holiday and Ann (do) it. So if Peter (be) not available, Ann (do) very well. 4. Receptionist: When you (want) to come, Mrs Jones? 5. Caller: I (like) to come tomorrow afternoon if possible. 6. Receptionist: I'm afraid that the afternoon is full. Thursday afternoon at 4.00 (suit) you? 7. Caller: I'm afraid it ... . My mother-in-law (come) to tea. 8. Receptionist: Then what about Friday afternoon? Peter (be able) (do) you at 4.00.
9. Caller: That (be) splendid. Thank you very much. 10. Receptionist: Thank you, Mrs Jones. We (expect) you at 4.00 on Friday then. Goodbye.
Part 2
11. Tom: ... I speak to Ann, please? 12. Ann: Ann (speak). 13. Tom: Tom here. Where you (be), Ann? I (try) to get on to you for the last half hour. You (not leave) your office at 5.00?
14. Ann: Yes, I ..., but today I (go) shopping and only just (get) in. It (be) nice to hear your voice, Tom. I (not know) you (be) in London. 15. Tom: I only (arrive) this morning. I (ring) you before but I (be) terribly busy all day covering a conference. It only just (end). You (do) anything tonight, Ann? 16. Ann: Yes, I (go) to the theatre. 17. Tom: But that (be) terrible! I (be) only for one night! 18. Ann: I (be) sorry, Tom. If you (tell) me you were coming up, I (keep) the evening free. But you didn't tell me. 19. Tom: I (not know) myself till this morning when the boss suddenly (dash) into the office and (tell) me to rush up here to cover the conference. 20. Ann: I thought Peter usually (do) the conferences. 21. Tom' Yes, he (do) but when he (drive) up here last night he (have) an accident and (take) (passive) to hospital. So I (do) it instead. Ann, you really (go) out tonight? ... (negative interrogative) you get out of it? 22. Ann: No, I ... (negative}. I'm free tomorrow but I (suppose) that (be) too late. 23. Tom (suddenly changing his plans): No, I (stay) another day. I daresay the boss (get) over it. You (like) to meet me for dinner tomorrow? 24. Ann: I (love) to. But Tom, you (be) sure it (be) all right? I (hate) you to lose your job. 25. Tom: It (be) all right. I (ring) the boss and tell him I (stay) another night. I (stay) an extra night in York last month and he (not seem) too put out about it.
26. Ann: Why you (stay) an extra night in York? Tom: I (tell) you tomorrow. Goodnight, Ann.
89. Translate into English.
1. Если в будущее воскресенье будет дождь, мы останемся дома и будем смотреть телевизионные передачи. 2. Если вы хорошо подготовитесь, вы сдадите экзамен.
3. Я останусь с больным, пока не прибудет врач. 4. Мэри не начнет печатать письмо, пока не придет администратор. 5. Когда температура воды поднимется, мы можем поехать купаться в океане. 6. Когда Джек прибудет в аэропорт им. Кеннеди, он нам позвонит. 7. Как только я получу письмо от Боба, я дам вам знать. 8. Я ему передам вашу книгу, как только я его увижу. 9. Я посмотрю за ребенком, пока ты спишь. 10 Если телефон зазвонит, пока секретарши не будет, Линда ответит. 11 Я позвоню жене, до того как прибуду в Филадельфию 12 Я запишу ваш адрес сейчас же, пока я его не забыл. 13 Он выключит радио до того как выйдет из дома. 14 Вы не закончите перевод вовремя, если не будете усиленно работать. 15. Если не будет очень большого движения, мы прибудем к десяти часам. 16. Я не пойду на вечеринку, если г-жа Смит меня не пригласит. 17. Мы останемся на этом курорте, пока погода будет хорошей. 18. Я отправлюсь в Майами, как только взойдет солнце.
90. Translate into English.
1. Я не позвонил ему, потому что думал, что он занят. 2. Я знал, что он болен. 3. Я был уверен, что они разговаривают в саду. 4. Мне сказали, что он вернулся с юга. 5. Я был уверен, что она получает от них письма. 6. Я думал, что она на вас сердится. 7. Я думал, что вы видели его там. 8. Я думал, что у тебя больше мужества. 9. Я вышел не через дверь магазина, а воспользовался задней дверью. 10. Он не ходил в кино вчера вечером, так как у него завтра экзамен. 11. Он настоял на том, чтобы сходить в библиотеку, хотя ему и не понадобится сегодня эта книга. 12. В прошлом году он работал, больше, чем в этом году. 13. Я чувствовал, что он не хочет туда идти.
14. Я знал, что он жил в Одессе. 15. Я боялся, что он будет сердиться, если мы не закончим работу вовремя.
91. Translate into English.
1. Она собирается отправить письмо, которое только что написала. 2. Она расхаживает взад и вперед по комнате, раздумывая над письмом, которое она писала. 3. Почему у тебя черные губы? Я ел чернику. Я съел целую тарелку. 4. Как долго вы здесь ловите рыбу? 5. Вы выглядите совершенно изнуренным. С вами что-нибудь случилось?
6. Рейнборо заметил, что она плакала. Ее лицо хранило следы слез. 7. Я увидел, что было 2 часа. Мы сидели здесь полтора часа. 8. Этот пиджак знавал лучшие дни. 9. Сколько вы мне дали? Извините, я неправильно дала вам сдачу. 10. Я никогда не видел ничего более прекрасного. 11. Вы полагали, что прочтете книгу к 1 июня? 12. Вы ничего не забыли?
92. Translate into English.
1. Когда Ричард вернулся домой, Анна смотрела телевизионную передачу.
2. Когда мы выехали из Нью-Йорка, шел дождь. 3. Я писал письмо, когда раздался телефонный звонок. 4. Мы смотрели телевизионную передачу, когда кто-то постучал в дверь. 5. Джо заболел во время нашего путешествия по Европе. 6. Я читал газету, когда прибыл мой друг. 7. Джейн играла на скрипке, когда приехали гости.
8. Мы завтракали, когда позвонил почтальон. 9 Стивен беседовал с Анной, когда я их увидел в Центральном парке, 10. Джек заказывал ленч, когда я вошел в ресторан.
11. Они жили на Украине, когда началась война. 12. Авария произошла, когда они ехали на машине по шоссе. 13. Когда ты позвонил по телефону, мы обедали. 14 Я крепко спал, когда кто-то постучал в дверь. 15. Шел сильный дождь, когда я вышел из автобуса. 16. Когда Джо вернулся домой, его жена готовила обед. *
93. Translate into English.
1. Он сейчас работает? 2. Он обычно ходит на работу пешком. 3. Стив любит китайскую кухню. 4. Занятия начинаются рано утром^ Да. 5. Она любит делать покупки? Да.
6. Смиты не любят путешествовать. 7. Генри не обедает в ресторане. 8. Он выключил радио и пошел спать. 9. Прошлой весной часто шел дождь. 10 Дэвид наконец продал свою старую машину. 11. Джо вернулся очень поздно вчера вечером? 12. Когда Колумб открыл Америку? Колумб открыл Америку в 1492 г. 13. Сколько стоило кольцо? Кольцо стоило 600 долларов. 14. Алиса не пришла на вечеринку. 15. Вы невнимательно читали статью. 16. В пятницу утром я работал в саду. 17. Они живут здесь с июля. 18. Вы когда-нибудь были в Лувре? Нет, я никогда не был в Лувре. 19. Боюсь, что я потерял ключи от автомобиля. 20. Как долго вы тут живете Я тут живу 9 лет. 21. К пяти часам я закончил свою работу. 22. Сильный снег шел уже около двух часов, когда они вышли из дома.
23. Почему он был удивлен, что получил "3". 24. Никто не знал, в каком году этот мост был построен. 25. Мне сказали, что вы читаете эту книгу уже больше месяца. Пора вернуть ее в библиотеку. 26. Поезд прибудет с опозданием. 27. Вы не попадете вовремя на работу. 28. Вы скоро встретите Дорис? 29. Мы собираемся купить цветной телевизор.
30. Сегодня вечером мы не собираемся обедать в ресторане 31. Вы будете есть мороженое на десерт? 32. Он сделает свои домашние задания к семи часам вечера. 33. Через месяц мы завершим свои научные эксперименты. 34. До отъезда в Нью-Йорк он увидит всех своих старых Друзей. 35. Я боюсь, что к завтрашнему дню вы уже забудете все эти правила. 36. Я не уверен, что она сдаст последний экзамен к этому времени. 37. Мельник сказал, что навестит маленького Ганса, когда придет весна и он сможет дать ему корзину первых цветов.
Passive Voice
1. Fill in the blanks.
1. This aeroplane (fly) ……………….by .................. in ................ It (design)…………… by................ year 2. This car (drive)……………….by the famous sports car driver, ...................... It make………………by the ................ Company……………in ...............
year 3. These earrings (wear) ………………….by the famous actress, ...............................
They (give)……………………..to the museum by her granddaughter. 4. This strange machine (invent)………………………… in ............ Unfortunately, it (ride)…………………year only two or three times because it was very dangerous. 5. These photographs (take) ………………………..
by ..................... when he/she was only 15 years old. They (leave) ……………………. in an old shoe box where they , (forget)…………………………………for many years.
6. This letter (write)……………………..by .................... to ..................... but it (send)……………………..never…………… It (find)……………………………..recently between the pages of an old book. 7. This is one of..................'s early operas. It (compose)………………
in ............ , and it (sing)………………………for the first time year in ............... year
8. This impressive bridge (build) ....................................... in ............... (city) more than 300 years ago. It (begin) ............... ................. in 1520, and it (finish) ........................ until 1600.
9. This portrait ..............................................
2. Write about the records in the passive.
1. In 1986 ... paid over 8 mln dollars for a used car. 2. ... bought a bottle of French wine for $31,000. 3. In 1984 ... sold a postcard for $4,400. 4. . . used 100 bottles of tomato ketchup for a 17 hour bath. 5. In 1986 ... made a 40,000-kilo cake in 32 hours. 6. In Ohio ... spent about $120,000 in the first two hours at a market. 7. In one of the Great Lakes ... found a 64-year-old message in a bottle. 8. At Easter 1985 ... hid over 70,000 boiled eggs in a park in Georgia.
3. Open the brackets.
A COLLEGE TOUR
I'm glad you've all come to visit our college. I hope that many of you will enroll next year.
First, let's visit some of our classrooms. In this room, students (teach) ......................................................................
French. Here at Greenville College, we believe that all students I (teach) should .................................to speak a foreign language. I The students in the next room are studying history. History fclasses are usually very lively, but today the students (give) ..................................................................... an examination. This room is a science classroom. You can stay for awhile and listen. I'm sure many interesting ideas (discuss) ..................
.......................................... right now. In a little while, we're going to see the cafeteria where all the school food (prepare) is...... We believe that young people (feed) should ......................................... good nutritious food. That's why we've planted the vegetable garden you see next to the cafeteria. The vegetables that our students are eating today (grow) ........................................................ in our garden. The next stop on the tour will be the college hospital. It (build) ................................ last year and is the school's most modern building. Patients at the college hospital (take) are ....... care of by excellent nurses and doctors who (train) ................... .................................... at the best universities. Students from Greenville College are well prepared for life. Many of our former students (hire) ........................ by fine companies where they've (give) ................................ important jobs.
We hope you've enjoyed your tour of Greenville College.
4. Use the correct form of the passive.
1. More cars (build) in the Detroit area than anywhere else in the USA. 2. My mum (tell) she will get better wages next month. 3. I'm very sorry we couldn't repair your car today, but it (repair) tomorrow. 4. The bank robber didn't get far. He (catch) near London last night.
5. In 1921 Ireland (divide) into Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.6. Empty bottles shouldn't (throw away). 7. The car (look at) by five people so far, but nobody wants to buy it.
8. Every four years a new president (elect) in the USA.
5. Put in the correct verb forms.
1. The palace .................. by Sir Robert Fleming, (build) 2. It............completely ... by fire in 1745. (destroy) 3. Seven years later, it ............ as an exact copy of the original, (rebuild)
4. In the 18 th century it had 48 rooms, but it ......in the late 19th century, and now has 112 rooms, (enlarge) 5. In 1976 it .........to Leisuredesign Enterprises Ltd. (sell) 6. The house .................. into a fun palace, and the gardens ... into a safari park, (convert, turn)
6. Here are some of the notices in the fun palace and safari park. Can you fill in the gaps with passive verbs?
1. Visitors ...... into the house and grounds between 9.00 am and 5.30 pm. (allow) 2. A bell ........ fifteen minutes before closing time, (ring) 3. Visitors ......not to feed the animals, (request)
4. People ......... not to leave their cars while touring the safari park, (advise) 5. Dogs ......... in the safari park, (not allow) 6. You ............ not to touch the furniture, (ask) 7. The staff.........to accept tips, (not permit) 8. Lunch ......... in the cafeteria from 11.00 to 2.30. (serve)
7. Rewrite the sentences using the passive form of the verbs in italics.
1. They gave up the search after three hours. 2. They ought to have pointed that out to me at the very beginning. 3. No one brought up that question at the meeting. 4. Somebody should look into the matter. 5. It was clear that the parents had brought the child up well. 6. We had to put off our visit until later. 7. I was shocked to hear that someone had broken into your house.
8. Don't speak until someone speaks to you. 9. His bank manager turned down his request for a loan. 10. You must account for every penny you spent. 11. Someone hasn't stuck this stamp on very firmly. 12. Events will bear out the truth of what I'm saying. 13. An official held us up at the Customs for half an hour. 14. How can we bring about the desired result? 15. He hates people making fun of him. (Passive Gerund)
8. Complete the sentences with a passive construction, using the verbs given, and in a suitable form.
1. The new washing machines (turn out) at the rate of ', fifty a day. 2. When her husband died, she naturally assumed that she (provide for). 3. We've had to move into a hotel while the house we've just bought (do up). 4. The employee was assured of his (take on) again as soon as work was available. 5. Richard always (tell off) for careless mistakes nowadays. 6. The agreement had to (draw up) in the presence of two witnesses. 7. Some Heads of Government now fear that negotiations, (break off) before a settlement is reached. 8. The chairman of the board of directors assured shareholders that the matter of the deficiency (look into) by the time the next meeting was held. 9. He felt he (let down) badly by his best friend. 10. The search party had little idea where to start looking, the climber's tracks (blot out) by a recent snowstorm.
9. Rewrite the sentences in the passive, making the words in italics the subject of the sentence or clause in which they appear.
1. They gave the oldest councillor the freedom of the city. 2. They denied access to the secret documents to all but a few. 3. Someone showed the child how to use the telephone. 4. They declared him "persona non grata" and allowed him only forty-eight hours to leave the country. (2) 5. They gave him artificial respiration. 6. Why didn't they offer him the job? 7. Didn't they promise you a rise in salary at the beginning of the year? 8. Someone left him a legacy of £10,000. 9. When he looked at the stamps, he found they had sold him forgeries. 10. What did they pay you for doing the job? 11. Someone should tell him never to do that again. 12. They asked you to meet me here at 11 o'clock, not half-past. 13. Will someone send me the details?
14. We shall send you the goods as soon as they are available. 15. Someone must teach that boy a lesson!
10. Passive transforms using the infinitive. Rewrite the sentences in an alternative passive form, beginning your sentences with the words in italics.
1. It is said that he is an honest, hard-working man. 2. It is considered that this surgeon is a brilliant practitioner. 3. It is now thought that some redundancies in the Com pany are inevitable. 4. It was proved that the statements he had were false. 5. It was understood that the delegation was keen to meet the British Prime Minister. 6. It is believed that the Chancellor is thinking of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. 7. It is expected that the electricity supply industry will be running into surplus capacity by next year. 8. It is reported that several Japanese manufacturers are planning to set up plants overseas. 9. It is expected that the brewers will raise the price of beer in the near future. 10. It was claimed that the drug produced no undesirable side-effects. 11. It is said that the police acted with great restraint, despite provocation. 12. It was alleged that the Prime Minister had misled the House. 13. It is believed that the Government has had second thoughts on this problem. 14. It was believed that the explosion had been caused by a mine. 15. It is presumed that the ship's radio equipment was put out of action during the fire. 16. It is thought that the driver had both legs broken in the crash.
Advanced exercises in conversion
11. Rewrite in the passive the sentences or clauses containing a verb in italics.
1. The fact that the new scheme raised such a storm of disapproval means that no one can have explained it property to the public. 2. His father warned him not to let others lead him astray. 3. The chairman of the committee complained that they were taking up too much time in discussing trivialities. 4. People put down the boy's rudeness to his parents' having spoiled him
5. Not until later did they discover that someone had stolen the picture. 6. Never before had they sent anyone to prison for that particular crime. 7. They could make the law effective only in this ("Only in this way ...") 8. People said that no one could reach any agreement on this question. 9. The army put down the rebellion and declared martial law. 10. He wanted them to treat the information as confidential. 11. Had they told me that someone was to bring up the subject of finance at the next meeting, I wouldn't have mentioned it. 12. He dislikes his fellow-workers thinking him a fool. 13. The public having ignored him for many years, the writer suddenly became famous. (" After ...") 14. Should someone prove beyond doubt that an accident caused the fire, the police will, naturally, release the man the' are at present holding on suspicion of arson. 15. On their informing him that the police wanted him, the man realized that his accomplice had betrayed him.
12. Rewrite in the active the sentences or clauses containing a verb in italics. Where the agent is not stated, a suitable subject for the sentence or clause should be inferred from the context.
1. The fire was finally got under control, but not before extensive damage had been caused.
2. Don't let yourself be depressed by your failure. 3. In view of the widespread concern that is felt by the community at the plan for a main road to be built through the village, it has been decided by the local Council that a special inquiry should be held. 4. The house had been broken into, and two thousands pounds' worth of jewellery had been stolen. 5. Only after it had been subjected to searching laboratory tests by the scientists was the new vaccine put on the market by the Company. 6. The plan hadn't been at all well thought out by the leader.
7. It ought to have been made quite clear to the shareholders before the annual meeting was held that they would not be allowed to vote for a new board by proxy. 8. Your lawyer's advice should have been obtained before any decision was made by you for the matter to be taken further. 9. He needn't have been caused so much distress by being told by the army authorities that his brother had died in action, as it was later discovered that a mistake had been made as to the missing man's identity. 10. Information about the source from which the starling news had been obtained was withheld by the reporter.
13. Rewrite the sentences in the passive omitting the words in brackets.
1. (Everyone) knows this fact very well. 2. (They) opened the theatre only last month. 3. (People) will soon forget it. 4. (You) must write the answers in ink. 5. (Someone) has taken two of my books. 6. (We) have already filled the vacancy. 7. What should (one) do in such case? 8. Did (they) say anything interesting? 9. Did (no one) ever make the situation clear to you? 10. (One) should keep milk in a refrigerator. 11. I don't think (anyone) can do it. 12. (They) would undoubtedly have killed him if he hadn't promised to co-operate. 13. (You) must finish the work by 7. 14. (They) are now manufacturing this type of computer in many countries. 15. (No one) could possibly have known the secret. 16. Has (someone) made all the necessary arrangements? 17. Fortunately (no one) had said anything about it. 18. (We) will execute all orders promptly. 19. (The police) kept the man in custody. 20. Does (someone) clean all the rooms regularly?
14. Complete the sentences with a passive construction using the verbs given and the forms suggested.
1. Much of London (destroy) by fire in the 17th century. (Past simple). 2. The men who (bite) a snake (give) a serum. (Past perfect, Past simple). 3. A leader should be a man who can respect. (Infinitive). 4. Many slums (demolish) to make way for new buildings. (Present progressive). 5. The police (instruct) to take firm action against hooligans. (Present perfect). 6. He (save) from bankruptcy by the kindness of a friend. (Past simple). 7. A cease-fire (expect) (declare) later this week. (Present simple, Infinitive). 8. A great deal of research (do) into the possible causes of cancer. (Present progressive). 9. The worker claimed that he (victimize) by his employers. (Past progressive). 10. The tenant (evict) for not paying his rent. (Past simple) 11. It (think) that the Government would do something to help. (Past perfect). 12. Three hundred new houses (build) by the end of next year. (Future perfect). 13. Because of a strike work on the building had to (discontinue). (Infinitive). 14. The witness strongly objected to (cross-examine). (Gerund). 15. (threaten) by a blackmailer he immediately informed the police. (Perfect participle). 16. I'm not accustomed to (treat) in that way. (Gerund). 17. The passengers ought to (inform) that the train (withdraw) from service. (Perfect infinitive, Past perfect). 18. Customers (ask) to ensure that they (give) the correct change before leaving the shop, as mistakes cannot afterwards (rectify). (Present simple, Present perfect, Infinitive). 19. Was he very upset at (not offer) the job? (Gerund). 20. The man was sent to prison for six months, (find) guilty of fraud. (Perfect participle).
15. Use the passive forms to make corrects sentences.
1. computer — many offices/ they — in schools, too. 2. pocket calculator — in all kinds of shops/ they — quite cheaply today. 3. more radio and TV programmes — 20 years ago/ much more money — on these programmes, too. 4. fantastic photos — underwater/ of course special cameras — for such photos.
16. Change the following sentences from active to passive voice.
1. Somebody calls the president every day. 2. John is calling the other members. 3. Martha was delivering the documents to the department 4. The other members have repealed the amendment. 5. The delegates had received the information before the recess. 6. The teacher should buy the supplies for this class. 7. Somebody will call Mr Watson tonight. 8. The fire has caused considerable damage. 9. The company was developing a new procedure before the bankruptcy hearings began. 10. John will have received the paper by tomorrow.
17. Complete this report with the correct active and passive forms.
SIR BILLY DIES AT THE AGE OF 81
Sir William Butlin, founder of the famous "Butlin's" holiday camps, (die) yesterday morning at the age of eighty one. No further information about the cause of his death (give) yet. "Billy Butlin" — as he (call) by everyone here in Britain — (be) born in South Africa in 1899. When Billy (be) eleven years old, his parents (emigrate) to Canada. Billy (leave) school at the age of twelve and (give) a job in a department store. At fifteen he (join) the Canadian army and (send) to France, where he (fight) in World War I.'
After sometime as a travelling entertainer, he (open) his first small holiday camp at Skegness in Lincolnshire in 1936, It (be) so successful that soon other camps (open) by "Sir Billy" at Clacton-on-Sec in Essex and at Filey in Yorkshire. After World War II his holiday-camp empire (grow) so quickly that soon the camp (visit) by over one million people every year. Today especially families with children (enjoy) a holiday at a Butlin's camp.
Sir William Butlin (be) a man who (give) much of his money to charity. One of the first charity walks (organize) by him in February 1969. Hundreds of people (walk) from John o'Groats in the north of Scotland to land's End in Cornwall and thousands of pounds (give) to charity.
It (expect) that the holiday camp tradition which (establish) by Billy Butlin (continue) in the future, so that many more Butlin holidays can (enjoy) by families from all over Britain.
18. Put the transitive verbs into the passive voice. Do not mention the agent unless it seems necessary.
1. The milkman brings the milk to my door but the postman leaves the letters in the hall.
2. In future, perhaps, they won't bring letters to the houses, and we shall have to collect them from the Post Office. 3. People steal things from supermarkets every day; someone stole twenty bottles of whisky from this one last week. 4 Normally men sweep this street every day, but nobody swept it last week. 5. The postman clears this box three time a day. He last cleared it at 2.30. 6. Someone turned on a light in the hall and opened the door. 7 Women clean this office in the evening after the staff have left; they clean the upstairs offices between seven and eight in the morning. 8. We never saw him in the dining-room. A maid took all his meals up to him. 9. Someone left this purse in a classroom yesterday; the cleaner found it. 10. We build well over 1,000 new houses a year. Last year we built 1,500. 11. We serve hot meals till 10.30, and guests can order coffee and sandwiches up to 11.30. 12. Passengers leave all sorts of things in buses. The conductors collect them and send them to the Lost Property Office.
13. An ambulance took the sick man to hospital. (Mention ambulance.) 14. We kill and injure people on the roads every day. Can't we do something about this? 15. Dogs guard the warehouse. The other day a thief tried to get in and a dog saw him and chased him. (A thief who ...) 16. The watchman called the police. The police arrested the man. 17. Tom had only a slight injury and they helped him off the field; but Jack was seriously injured and they carried him off on a stretcher. (Tom, who had ..., but Jack, who was ...) 18. You can't wash this dress; you must dry-clean it. 19. They are demolishing the entire block. 20. He recommends fitting new tyres. (Use should) 21. He suggested allowing council tenants to buy their houses.
22. Men with slide rules used to do these calculations; now a computer does them. 23. The court tried the man, found him guilty and sent him to prison. 24. The hall porter polishes the knockers of all the flats every day. ~ Well, he hasn't polished mine for a week. 25. They are repairing my piano at the moment. 26. Passengers shouldn't throw away their tickets as inspectors may check these during the journey. 27. They invited Jack but they didn't invite Tom.
28. The guests ate all sandwiches and drank all the beer. They left nothing. 29. Has someone posted my parcel? 30. Why did no one inform me of the change of plan? 31. Tom Smith wrote the book and Brown and Co. published it. 32. We shall have to tow the car to the garage. 33. I'm afraid we have sold all our copies but we have ordered more. 34. We will prosecute trespassers. 35. Someone stole my car and abandoned it fifteen miles away. He had removed the radio but done no other damage. 36. You must keep dogs on leads in the gardens.
19. Put the transitive verbs into the passive voice. Do not mention the agent unless it seems necessary.
1. They haven't stamped the letter. 2. They didn't pay me for the work; they expected me to do it for nothing. 3. He escaped when they were moving him from one prison to another. 4 She didn't introduce me to her mother. 5. A frightful crash wakened me at 4 a.m. 6. When they have widened this street the roar of the traffic will keep residents awake all night. 7. They threw away the rubbish. 8. A Japanese firm makes these television sets. 9. An earthquake destroyed the town. 10. A machine could do this much more easily. 11. Visitors must leave umbrellas and sticks in the cloakroom. 12. We ask tenants not to play their radios loudly after midnight. 13. We can't repair your clock. 14. We cannot exchange articles which customers have bought during the sale. (Articles ...) 15. We have to pick the fruit very early in the morning, otherwise we can't get it to the market in time. 16. The police shouldn't allow people to park there.
17. They are watching my house. 18. The examiner will read the passage three times. 19. Candidates may not use dictionaries. 20. You need not type this letter. 21. This used to be number 13, but now I see that someone has crossed out "13" and written "12A" underneath.
22. You mustn't move this man; he is too ill. You'll have to leave him here. 23. They searched his house and found a number of stolen articles. 24. Nobody has used this room for ages. 25. They took him for a Frenchman, his French was so good. 26. You should have taken those books back to the library. 27. They brought the children up in Italy. 28. They have taken down the For Sale notice, so I suppose they have sold the house. 29. Someone broke into his house and stole a lot of his things. 30. We have warned you. 31. A lorry knocked him down.
32. They returned my keys to me; someone had picked them up in the street. 33. We had to give the books back; they did not allow us to take them home. 34. You shouldn't leave these documents on the desk. You should lock them up. 35. They handed round coffee and biscuits.
36. They have tried other people's schemes. Why have they never tried my scheme?
20. In this exercise most of the sentences contain a verb + preposition/adverb combination. The preposition or adverb must be retained when the combination is pu* into the passive. In most of the sentences it is not necessary to mention the agent.
1. The government has called out troops. 2. Fog held up the trains, (agent required) 3. You are to leave this here. Someone will call for it later on 4. We called in the police. 5. They didn't look after the children properly. 6. They are flying in reinforcements. 7. Then they called up men of 28. 8. Everyone looked up to him. (agent required) 9. All the ministers will see him off at the airport, (agent required) 10. He hasn't slept in his bed. 11. We can build on more rooms.
12. They threw him out. 13. They will have to adopt a different attitude. 14. He's a dangerous maniac. They ought to lock him up. 15. Her story didn't take them in. (agent required) 16. Burglars broke into the house. 17. The manufacturers are giving away small plastic toys with each packet of cereal. 18. They took down the notice. 19. They frown on smoking here.
20. After the government had spent a million pounds on the scheme they decided that it was impracticable and gave it up. (Make only the first and last verbs passive.) 21. When I returned I found that they had towed my car away. I asked why they had done this and they told me that it was because I had parked it under a No Parking sign, (four passives) 22. People must hand in their weapons. 23. The crowd shouted him down. 24. People often take him for his brother.
25. No one has taken out the cork. 26. The film company were to have used the pool for aquatic displays, but now they have changed their minds about it and are filling it in. (Make the first and last verbs passive.) 27. This college is already full. We are turning away students the whole time. 28. You will have to pull down this skyscraper as you have not complied with the town planning regulations.
21- Some of the following sentences when put into the passive require or can have a change of construction.
1. believe, claim, consider, find, know, say, suppose and ''«ink when used in the passive can be followed by an infinitive:
They say he is a spy = He is said to be a spy.
They say he was a spy = He is said to have been a spy.
It is said that he is/was ... is also possible.
2. Subject + be supposed + infinitive often conveys an idea of duty, particularly when the subject is you:
It is your duty to obey him = You are supposed to obey him.
3. Infinitives after passive verbs are normally full infinitives.
4. Note the use of have + object + past participle: Get someone to mend it = Have it mended.
5. Note the use of should in the passive.
Put the following sentences into the passive, using an infinitive construction where possible.
1. We added up the money and found that it was correct. 2. I'm employing a man to tile the bathroom. 3. Someone seems to have made a terrible mistake. 4. It is your duty to make tea at eleven o'clock. (Use suppose.) 5. People know that he is armed. 6. Someone saw him pick up the gun. 7. We know that you were in town on the night of the crime. 8. We believe that he has special knowledge which may be useful to the police, (one passive) 9. You needn't have done this. 10. It's a little too loose; you had better ask your tailor to take it in. (one passive) 11. He likes people to call him "sir". 12. Don't touch this switch. 13. You will have to get someone to see to it. 14. It is impossible to do this. (Use can't.) 15. Someone is following us. 16. They used to make little boys climb the chimneys to clean them, (one passive) 17. You have to see it to believe it. (two passives) 18. You order me about and I am tired of it. (/ am tired of ...) 19. He doesn't like people laughing at him. 20. You don't need to wind this watch. 21. They shouldn't have told him. 2. They decided to divide the money between the widows of the lifeboatmen. (They decided that the money ...) 23. People believe that he was killed by terrorists. 24. They are to send letters to the leaders of charitable organizations. 25. We consider that she was the best singer that Australia has ever produced, (one passive) 26. We don't allow smoking. 27. We know that the expedition reached the South Pole in May. 28. Before they invented printing people had to write everything by hand. 29. They urged the government to create more jobs, (two ways) 30. They suggested banning the sale of alcohol at football matches.
22. Use the correct tenses and passive forms of the verbs in brackets.
FISHY TALES
Mermaids (see) ... by sailors for centuries. The basis of all mermaid myths (suppose) ... to be a creature called a Manatee: a kind of walrus! Mermaids used (to show) ... in funfairs until recently. It all began in 1817 when a "mermaid" (buy) ... for £6,000 by a sailor in the South Pacific. She (eventually sell) ... to the great circusowner Barnum. She (exhibit) ... in 1842 as "The Fee-jee Mermaid". It (say) ... that she earned Barnum $1,000 a week! The thousands who saw this mermaid (must/disappoint) ... . She (cleverly make) ... by a Japanese fisherman. A monkey's head (delicately sew) ... to the tail of a large salmon. The job (so skilfully do) ... that the joint between the fish and the monkey was invisible. Real imagination (must/require) ... to see this revolving creature as a beautiful mermaid combing her golden hair!
23. Put in the correct forms, active or passive, of the verbs in brackets.
HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES?
Lord Manners was a rich and famous banker. When he (die) ... recently, he (give) ... a magnificent funeral which (attend) ... by hundreds of famous people. The funeral was going to (hold) ... in Westminster Abbey. Many ordinary people (line) ... the streets
to watch the procession. The wonderful black and gold carriage (draw) ... by six black horses. The mourners (follow) ... in silence. Lord Manners (give) ... a royal farewell. Two tramps were among the crowd. They (watch) ... the procession with amazement. As solemn music (could hear) ... in the distance, one of them (turn) ... to the other and (whisper) ... in admiration, "Now that's what I call really living!"
24. Supply suitable active and passive forms in these sentences using the verbs in brackets. Some variations in tenses may be possible.
1. It isn't clear how far the ozone layer (damage) ... by aerosol sprays. It may be possible to tell whether the hole over the Antarctic (widen) ... after the area (investigate) ... high-flying planes. 2. These days, even the most remote places on earth (visit) ... by tourists. Package tours (can/arrange) ... for almost anywhere, from the Himalayas to the Amazonian jungle. 3. Notices such as (English/Speak) ... and (Shoes/Repair) ... are common. Sometimes they (translate) ... into different languages for the benefit of the tourists. 4. We (constantly remind) ... of the way the world (become) ... smaller when events taking place in different parts of the globe (flash) ... on our television screens. 5. If you (involve) ... in a car accident and someone (hurt) ... you (have to) ... report the matter to the police. If only the vehicles (damage) ... drivers should exchange names and addresses.
25. Open the brackets. Put the verbs into active or passive.
1. Today minerals (form) almost half of Australic's exports. 2. Australia also (export) lots of wood, meat, butter, fruit and wine. 3. Many of these products (export) to the Pacific countries, especially Japan and the West of the USA. 4. Australia (discover) as a market for American products at the end of the 18th century. 5. The first products from the USA (arrive) in Australia in 1792. 6. In the early 19th century Sydney (can/reach) faster from San Francisco than New York (can/reach) from the West Coast. 7. Today Australia mainly (import) machines and computer equipment from the USA.
26. Open the brackets. Use present simple or past simple, active or passive.
FRANKENSTEIN'S MONSTER
"Frankenstein" is a name that (know) by many people today. But not everybody (know) that Victor Frankenstein is the main character in a horror story by Mary Shelley. The book (write) at the beginning of the 19th century. Mary Shelley (be) only twenty years old when she (write) it.
In the story Frankenstein, a scientist, (want) to create a "person", but unfortunately he (create) a "monster". The monster (want) to be loved by people, but nobody (like) him. That's why he (become) violent and (start) killing people. In the end he also (kill) Victor Frankenstein.
27. Open the brackets. Use the verbs in the active or in the passive voices.
SAVING THE ENVIRONMENT
1. Elefriends (found) some years ago by a group of people who (be) worried about the future of elephants. Today a large number of elephants (kill) every day. If this (continue), there (be) no more elephants in ten years. 2. Greenpeace (be) an environmental group which (support) by a large number of people all over the world. In recent years saving the ozone layer (be) one of their main issues. The ozone layer, the "roof" by which life on earth (protect) (have) a huge hole for years now. Among other things aerosols containing CFSs (be) responsible for this problem. 3. ARK (be) another environmental group. It (campaign) to stop air and water pollution. It (encourage) people to help the environment by changing the way they (live). ARK (hope) that in the next few years they (be able) to attract young people especially. The group (support) by a British chain of shops which (sell) beauty products. Their products (make) from natural substances and the bags they (use) (have) from recycled paper. Many of their products (sell) in bottles which (can/take) back to the shop, where they (can/refill).
28. Open the brackets.
"Rock'n1 Roll". The expression (use) in 1951 for the first time. The music for which it (use) had been there before: it was the black blues which (not accept) by many of the older whites. That is why it (not play) on many American radio programmes until the early 50s. But the young people of that time did not want to hear the "sweet" pop music of the 1940s any longer. R'n'R (see) as a violent kind of music by many parents, and so they did not like it. Bill Haley's "Rock around the Clock" (can/hear) in all places where young people met. But the real hero of R'n'R was Elvis Prestly. His powerful voice and the way he moved (love) by young people. He (call) "the king of R'n'R" by people all over the world.
29. Use active or passive forms in the past simple.
"The History of Plymouth Plantation" (write) by William Bradford between 1620 and 1651. It is a kind of diary in which he (write) about the life of the Pilgrims. After the Pilgrims had landed in Plymouth harbour, they (unload) the "Mayflower". Then all their things (put) in a dry place. Later, cottages (build) for everybody. The pilgrims also (discuss) things and (make) laws for their small group. In the winter months over half of the Pilgrims (die) and over 40 (become) ill. For sometime all the work (do) by only six or seven people. They (fetch) wood and (make) fires in everybody's houses. Food (cook) for the people who were ill, too. Then six or seven people also (wash) clothes for everybody.
30. Put the following into the passive voice. The agent should not be mentioned except in numbers 11 and 28.
1. You should open the wine about three hours before you use it. 2. Previous climbers had cut steps in the ice. 3. Somebody had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit. 4. We use this room only on special occasions. 5. You must not hammer nails into the walls without permission. 6. In some districts farmers use pigs to find truffles. 7. Someone switched on a light and opened the door. 8. Somebody had slashed the picture with a knife. 9. They are pulling down the old theatre. 10. Why didn't they mend the roof before it fell in? 11. The mob broke all the shop windows in recent riots. 12. The librarian said that they were starting a new system because people were not returning books. 13. The police asked each of us about his movements on the night of the crime. 14. Someone will serve refreshments. 15. People must not leave bicycles in the hall. 16. Members may keep books for three weeks. After that they must return them. 17. The burglars had cut an enormous hole in the steel door. 18. I've bought a harp. They are delivering it this afternoon. (Do not change the first sentence.)
19. Someone has already told him to report for duty at six. 20. They rang the church bells as a flood warning. 21. No one can do anything unless someone gives us more information. 22. People are spending far more money on food now than they spent ten years ago. 23. The organisers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month. 24. They will say nothing more about the matter if someone returns the stolen gun. 25. It is high time someone told him to stop behaving like a child. 26. A thief stole my dog and brought him back only when I offered £20 reward for him. 27. The judge gave him two weeks in which to pay the fine. 28. They make these artificial flowers of silk.
31. Put the following into the passive, mentioning the agent where necessary.
Where there is an indirect and a direct object, make the indirect object the subject of the passive verb.
They gave her a clock. She was given a clock.
The gerund after certain verbs is replaced in the passive by should be + past participle:
They advised employing part-time workers.
They advised that part-time workers should be employed.
1. They feed the seals at the zoo twice a day. 2. Who wrote it? 3. Compare clothes which we have washed with clothes which any other laundry has washed. 4. He expected us to offer him the job. 5. They showed her the easiest way to do it. 6. Lightning struck the old oak. '7. Titian couldn't have painted it as people didn't wear that style of dress till after his death.
8. A jellyfish stung her. 9. The author has written a special edition for children. 10. Judges used to carry sweet herbs as a protection against jail-fever. 11. What did he write it with?-
He wrote it with a matchstick dipped in blood. 12. An uneasy silence succeeded the shot.
13. Did the idea interest you? 14. The lawyer gave him the details of his uncle's will.
15. Beavers make these dams. 16. They used to start these engines by hand. Now they start them by electricity. 17. Most people opposed this. 18. Students are doing a lot of the work.
19. The Prime Minister was to have opened the dry dock. 20. They recommended opening new factories in the depressed area. (Use should.) 21. The closure of the workshops will make a lot of men redundant. 22. Anyone with the smallest intelligence could understand these instructions. 23. We will not admit children under sixteen. 24. Boys of sixteen to eighteen are to man this training ship. 25. A rainstorm flooded the gypsies' camp. 26. The howling of wolves kept him awake all night. 27. They suggested making the tests easier. (Use should.) 28. Children couldn't have done all this damage.
32. Turn the following sentences into the active voice. Where no agent is mentioned one must be supplied.
School notice: This door must be kept shut. Students must keep this door shut.
1. Why don't you have your eyes tested? (... get an optician to ... ) 2. This speed limit is to be introduced gradually. 3. The runways are being lengthened at all the main airports. 4. It is now 6 a.m. and at most of the hospitals in the country patients are being wakened with cups of tea.
5. Byron is said to have lived on vinegar and potatoes. 6. By tradition, any sturgeon that are caught by British ships must be offered to the Queen. 7. This notice has been altered. 8. The owners went away last March and since then their houseboat has been used continuously by squatters. (Use a progressive tense and omit continuously.) 9. The damaged ship was being towed into harbour when the towline broke. 10. Have a lift put in and then you won't have to climb up all these stairs. 11. Last year a profit of two million pounds was made in the first six months but this was cancelled by a loss of seventeen million pounds which was made in the second six months. 12. Evening dress will be worn. 13. The ship was put into quarantine and passengers and crew were forbidden to land. 14. Someone will have to be found to take her place. 15. He was made to surrender his passport. 16. This rumour must have been started by our opponents. 17. My paintings are to be exhibited for the first time by New Arts Gallery.
18. This scientific theory has now been proved to be false. 19. The car which was blown over the cliff yesterday is to be salvaged today. 20. The house where the dead man was found is being guarded by the police to prevent it from being entered and the evidence interfered with.
21. Why wasn't the car either locked or put into the garage? 22. It is being said that too little money is being spent by the government on roads. 23. Your money could be put to good use instead of being left idle in the bank. 24. For a long time the earth was believed to be flat.
25. This copy hasn't been read. The pages haven't been cut. 26. The stones were thrown by a student, who was afterwards led away by the police. 27. Carrier pigeons are said to have been used by early Egyptian and Greek sailors. 28. The referee was being escorted from the football field by a strong police guard.
33. Translate into English.
1. Эта рукопись была найдена много лет тому назад. 2. Город продолжает строиться.
3. За докладом последовало обсуждение. 4. Он получил повышение. 5. Она была уволена по сокращению штатов. 6 Ей до смерти надоело сидеть дома. 7. Пьеса основана на исторических фактах. 8. Третья серия еще снимается. 9. Его речь будет записана для передачи по радио. 10. О вашем чемодане позаботятся. 11. Входит ли сюда плата за обслуживание? 12. Нас разъединили. 13. Меня застал дождь. 14. В соседней комнате раздавался неудержимый хохот. 15. Нам было сказано ждать. 16. На статью часто ссылаются. 17. Ей предложили чашечку чая. 18 Ему показали дорогу на вокзал. 19. Она жаловалась, что к ней придираются. 20. Он всегда был объектом для шуток. 21. Ему была присуждена высокая награда. 22. Мне дали два дня на размышление. 23. Когда за ним пошлют? 24. Вам разрешили взять эти журналы домой? 25. От дурных привычек избавляются.
34. Translate into English.
1 Каждый год строят новые больницы. 2. Его не видели в течение недели. 3. Полиция сообщила, что убийца арестован. 4. Когда я вернулся в этот город, здание больницы еще
строилось. 5 Меня пригласили на вечеринку. 6. Нас попросили придти как можно раньше. 7. Нам посоветовали быть осторожнее. 8. Мне заплатили наличными. 9 Нам велели подождать. 10. За ним следовало два полицейских. 11. Товар не был доставлен вовремя. 12. Переговоры не будут закончены на следующей неделе. 13 Ваша статья будет опубликована в завтрашнем номере? 14. Деревня находится в горах 15. Это письмо должно быть написано сегодня. 16. Счет следует оплатить до конца месяца.
17. Это письмо следовало бы отправить авиапочтой. 18. По-английски говорят во всем мире. 19. Мэра поддержало большинство избирателей. 20. Вас предупредили.
21. Она знала, что сестра придет поздно, ее пригласили на день рождения. 22. Туристы хотели знать, кем был построен этот дворец. 23 Когда мы вошли в дом, его предложения все еще обсуждались. 24. Разве ты не понимаешь правило, которое нам только что объяснили 25 Она хотела знать, ждут ли ее еще. 26. Девушка спросила, говорю ли я по-французски, так как хотела знать, где продают билеты.
Modal Verbs
1. Fill in the blanks with can or be able in different tenses.
1. .. you stand on your head?~ I ... when I was at school but I ... now. (2nd verb negative)
2. When I've passed my driving test I ... hire a car from our local garage. 3. At the end of the month the Post Office will send him an enormous telephone bill which he ... pay. (negative)
4. I ... remember the address, (negative) ~ ... you even remember the street? (negative)
5. When the fog lifts we ... see where we are. 6. You've put too much in your rucksack; you never ... carry all that. 7 When I was a child I .. understand adults, and now that I am an adult I ... understand children, (negative, negative) 8. When you have taken your degree you ... put letters after your name? 9. Don't try to look at all the pictures in the gallery. Otherwise when you get home you ... remember any of them. (negative) 10. When I first went to Spain I ... read Spanish but I . . speak it. (2nd verb negative) 11. ... you type? ~ Yes, I ... type but I ... do shorthand. (2nd verb negative) 12. I'm locked in. I ... get out1 (negative) ~ ... you squeeze between the bars? (negative) ~ No! I ..; I'm too fat. (negative) 13. He was very strong; he ... ski all day and dance all night. 14. The car plunged into the river. The driver ... get out but the passengers were drowned. 15. I was a long way from the stage I ... see all right but I ... hear very well. (2nd verb negative] 16. We .. borrow umbrellas; so we didn't get wet. 17. ... you walk or did they have to carry you? 18. I had no key so I ... lock the door, (negative) 19 I knew the town so I ... advise him where to go. 20. When the garage had repaired our car we ... continue our journey. 21. At five years old he ... read quite well. 22. When I arrived everyone was asleep. Fortunately I ... wake my sister and she let me in. 23. The swimmer was very tired but he ... reach the shore before he collapsed. 24. The police were suspicious at first but I ... convince them that we were innocent. 25. ... I speak to Mr Pitt, please? ~ I'm afraid he's out at the moment ... you ring back later? 26. If you stood on my shoulders ... you reach the top of the
wall? ~ No, I'm afraid I ... (negative) 27. If I ... sang you accompany me on the piano? ~ No, I ..., I . . play the piano! (negative, negative) 28. If a letter comes for me ... you please forward it to this address? 29. She made the wall very high so that boys ... climb over it. (negative)
30. They took his passport so that he ... leave the country. (negative} 31. ... you tell me the time, please? ~ I'm afraid I ... I haven't got a watch, (negative) 32. If you had to, . . you go without food for a week? ~ I suppose I ... if I had plenty of water. 33. ... you lend me £5? No, I ... (negative) 34. They used to chain valuable books to library desks so that people ...take them away, (negative) 35. He says that he saw Clementine drowning but . . help her as he . . swim (negative, negative) 36. If you had had the right tools ... you have repaired the engine?
2. Insert the correct form of may/might except in 10 and 36, where a be allowed form is necessary.
1. It ... rain, you'd better take a coat. 2. He said that it ... rain. 3. We ... as well stay here till the weather improves. 4. ... I borrow your umbrella? 5. You ... tell me! (7 think I have a right to know.) 6. Candidates ... not bring textbooks into the examination room. 7. People convicted of an offence ... (have a right to) appeal. 8. If he knew our address he ... come and see us. 9. ... I come in? ~ Please do. 10. When he was a child he ... (they let him) do exactly as he liked.
11. I think I left my glasses in your office. You ... ask your secretary to look for them for me. (request) 12. He ... be my brother (/ admit that he is) but I don't trust him. 13. I ... never see you again. 14. He ... be on the next train. We ... as well wait. 15. If we got there early we ... get a good seat. 16. The police ... (have a right to) ask a driver to take a breath test. 17. You ought to buy now; prices ... go up. 18. I'll wait a week so that he ... have time to think it over. 19. He isn't going to eat it; I ... as well give it to the dog. 20. You ... at least read the letter. (/ think you should.) 21. You ... have written. (/ am annoyed/disappointed that you didn't.) 22. We'd better be early; there ... be a crowd. 23. Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They . have sailed from South America on rafts. 24. You ... (have permission to) use my office.
25. He said that we ... use his office whenever we liked. 26. I don't think I'll succeed but I ... as well try. 27. You ought to go to his lectures, you ... learn something. 28. If we can give him a blood transfusion we ... be able to save his life. 29. Two parallel white lines in the middle of the road mean that you ... not overtake. 30. If I bought a lottery ticket I ... win £1,000. 31. If you said that, he ... be very offended. 32. I wonder why they didn't go. ~ The weather ... have been too bad. 33. Warning: No part of this book ... be reproduced without the publisher's permission.
34. He has refused, but he ... change his mind if you asked him again. 35. ... I see your passport, please? 36. He ... (negative) drive since his accident. (They haven't let him drive.)
3. Fill the spaces in the following sentences by inserting must от the present, future, or past form of have to.
1. She ... leave home at eight every morning at present. 2. Notice in a picture gallery: Cameras, sticks and umbrellas ... be left at the desk. 3. He sees very badly; he ... wear glasses all the time. 4. I ... do all the typing at my office. 5. You ... read this book. It's really excellent.
6. The children ... play in the streets till their mothers get home from work. 7. She felt ill and ... leave early. 8. Mr Pitt ... cook his own meals. His wife is away. 9. I hadn't enough money and I ... pay by cheque. 10. I never remember his address; I always ... look it up. 11. Employer: You ... come to work in time. 12. If you go to a dentist with a private practice you ... pay him quite a lot of money. 13. Father to small son: you ... do what Mummy says. 14. My neighbour's child ... practise the piano for three hours a day. 15. Doctor: I can't come now. Caller: You ... come; he's terribly ill. 16. English children ... stay at school till the age of 16. 17. In my district there is no gas laid on. People ... use electricity for everything. 18. Notice above petrol pump: All engines ... be switched off. 19. Mother to daughter: You ... come in earlier at night. 20. The shops here don't deliver. We ... carry everything home ourselves. 21. The buses were all full; I ... get a taxi. 22. Notice beside escalators: Dogs and push chairs ... be carried. 23. "Au pair" girls usually ... do quite a lot of housework. 24. Tell her that she ... be here by six. I insist on it.
25. When a tyre is punctured the driver ... change the wheel.26. Park notice: All dogs ... be kept on leads. 27. She ... learn how to drive when her local railway station is closed.
28. Railway notice: Passengers . . cross the line by the footbridge. 29. I got lost and ... ask a policeman the way. 30. Farmers ... get up early. 31. If you buy that television set you ... buy a licence for it. 32. When I changed my job I ... move to another flat. 33. Waiters ... pay tax on the tips that they receive. 34. Father to son: I can't support you any longer; you ... earn your own living from now on. 35. Railway notice: Passengers ... be in possession of a ticket. 36. Whenever the dog wants to go out I ... get up and open the door.
4. Use must not or need not to fill the spaces in the following sentences.
1. You ... ring the bell; I have a key. 2. Notice in cinema: Exit doors ... be blocked during performances. 3. You ... drink this: it is poison. 4. We ... drive fast; we have plenty of time. 5 You ... drive fast; there is a speed limit here. 6. Candidates ... bring books into the examination room. 7. You ... write to him for he will be here tomorrow. 8 We ... make any noise or we'll wake the baby. 9. You ... bring an umbrella. It isn't going to rain. 10. You ... do all the exercise. Ten sentences will be enough. 11. We .. reheat the pie. We can eat it cold. 12. Mother to child: You ... tell lies. 13. You ... turn on the light; I can see quite well. 14. You ... strike a match; the room is full of gas. 15. You ... talk to other candidates during the exam. 16. We ... make any more sandwiches; we have plenty now. 17. You ... put salt in any of his dishes. Salt is very bad for him. 18. You ... take anything out of shop without paying for it. 19. You ... carry that parcel home yourself; the shop will send it. 20. You ... clean the windows. The window-cleaner is coming tomorrow. 21. Mother to child: You ... play with matches. 22. Church notice: Visitors ... walk about the church during a service. 23. I ... go to the shops today. There is plenty of food in the house. 24. You ... smoke in a non-smoking compartment. 25. Police notice: Cars ... be parked here. 26. We ... open the lion's cage. It is contrary to Zoo regulations. 27. You ... make your bed. The maid will do it. 28. I want this letter typed but you ... do it today. Tomorrow will do. 29. I'll lend you the money and you ... pay me back till next month. 30. We ... climb any higher; we can see very well from here. 31. You ... look under the bed. There isn't anybody there. 32. You ... ask a woman her age. It's not polite. 33. You've given me too much. ~ You ... eat it all. 34. We ... forget to shut the lift gates. 35. Mother to child: You ... interrupt when I am speaking. 36. If you want the time, pick up the receiver and dial 8081; you ... say anything.
5. Replace the words in bold type by need not/need I? etc., or a negative or interrogative have to form.
I've been invited to a wedding; but I can't go. Will it be necessary for me to send a present? Shall I have to send a present?
1. It isn't necessary for him to go in working. He has already reached retiring age. (He ...) 2. Was it necessary for you to wait a long time for your bus? 3. It isn't necessary for me to water my tomato plants every day. 4. It will be necessary for them to get early when they go out to work every day. 5. We had to stop at the frontier but we were not required to open our cases.
6. It wasn't necessary to walk. He took us in his car. (We ...) 7. My employer said, "I shan't require you tomorrow." (You ... come.) 8. It is never necessary for me to work on Saturdays.
9. When I am eighteen I'll be of age. Then it won't be necessary to live at home if I don't want to. 10. New teacher to his class: It isn't necessary for you to call me "Sir"; call me "Bill". 11. Will it be necessary for us to report this accident to the police? 12. When you buy something on the instalment system you are not required to pay the whole price at once. 13. Did you know enough English to ask for your ticket? It wasn't necessary to say anything. I bought my ticket at a machine. 14. It isn't necessary to buy a licence for a bicycle in Eng land. (We ...) 15. Is it essential for you to finish tonight? 16. Is it necessary for people to go everywhere by boat in Venice? 17. Will it be necessary for me to sleep under a mosquito net? 18. Most people think that civil servants are not required to work very hard. 19. It wasn't necessary to swim. We were able to wade across. 20. It isn't necessary for you to drive me to the station. I can get a taxi.
21. Our plane was delayed so we had lunch at the airport But it wasn't necessary to pay for the lunch. The airline gave it to us. 22. Is it obligatory for us to vote? 23. When you were a child were you required to practise the piano? 24. I saw the accident but fortunately it wasn't necessary for me to give evidence as there were plenty of other witnesses.
25. Small boy to friend: It won't be necessary for you to work hard when you come to my school. The teachers aren't very strict. 26. They had plenty of time. It wasn't necessary for them to hurry. 27. Is it necessary for you to take your dog with you everywhere? 28. What time was it necessary for you to leave home? 29. I brought my passport but I wasn't required to show it to anyone. 30. I missed one day of the exam. Will it be necessary for me to take the whole exam again? 31. Is it really necessary for you to practise the violin at 3 a.m.? 32. Everything was done for me. It wasn't necessary for me to do anything. 33. Are French children obliged to go to school on Saturday? 34. I was late for the opera. ~ Was it necessary for you to wait till the end of the first act before finding your seat? 35. He repaired my old watch so it wasn't necessary for me to buy a new one after all. 36. Were you required to make a speech?
6. Fill the spaces in the following sentences by using one of these forms + the perfect infinitive of the verbs in brackets.
must + perfect infinitive is used for affirmative deductions can't/couldn't + infinitive is used for negative deductions. needn't + perfect infinitive is used for a past action which Was unnecessary but was performed.
1. Did you hear me come in last night? ~ No, I ... (be) asleep. 2. I wonder who broke the wineglass; it ... (be) the cat for she was out all day. 3. You ... (help) him. (You helped him but he didn't need help.) 4. I had my umbrella when I came out but I haven't got it now. ~
You ... (leave) it on the bus. 5. He ... (escape) by this window because it is barred. 6. I ... (give) £10. £5 would have been enough. 7. I saw a rattlesnake near the river yesterday. ~ You ... (see) a rattlesnake. There aren't any rattlesnakes in this country. 8. He is back already. ~ He ... (start) very early. 9. He returned home with a tiger cub. ~ His wife (be) very pleased about that.
10. I bought two bottles of milk. ~ You ... (buy) milk; we have heaps in the house. 11. I phoned you at nine this morning but got no answer. ~ I'm sorry. I .. (be) in the garden. 12. I left my bicycle here and now it's gone. ~ Someone ... (borrow) it. * 13. When she woke up her watch had vanished. ~ Someone ... (steal) it while she slept. 14. I've opened another bottle. ~
You ... (do) that. We've only just started this one. 15. The machine said, "You weigh 65 kilos," and I said, "Thank you." ~ You ... (say) anything. 16. I told him to turn left and he immediately turned right! ~ He ... (understand) you. 17. Perhaps he swam across. ~ No, he ... (do) that; he can't swim. 18. Do you remember reading about it in newspapers? ~ No, I ... (be) abroad at the time. 19. He ... (walk) from here to London in two hours. It isn't possible. 20. He was very sick last night. ~ The meat we had for supper ... (be) good. 21. There was a dock strike and the liner couldn't leave port. ~ The passengers ... (be) furious. 22. We went to a restaurant and had a very good dinner for £3. ~ You ... (have) a very good dinner if you only paid £3. 23. I have just watered the roses. ~ You ... (water) them! Look, it's raining now! 24. That carpet was made entirely by hand. ~ It ... (take) a long time. 25. The door was open. ~ It ... (be) open. I had locked it myself and the key was in my pocket. 26. He said that he watered the plants every day. ~ He ... (water) them. If he had they wouldn't have died. 27. He came out of the water with little red spots all over his back. ~ He ... (be) stung by a jelly-fish. 28. We've sent for a doctor. ~
You ... (send) for him. I am perfectly well. 29. I've made two copies. ~ You ... (make) two. One would have been enough. 30. There was a terrible crash at 3 a.m. ~ That ... (be) Tom coming in from his party. 31. I had to get down the mountain in a thick fog. ~ That ... (be) very difficult.
32. I saw Ann in the library yesterday. ~ You ... (see) her; she is still abroad. 33. How did he get out of the house? He ... (come) down the stairs for they were blazing. 34. You ... (lend) him your map. He has one of his own. 35. I spoke in English, very slowly. ~ You ... (speak) slowly. He speaks English very fluently. 36. He was found unconscious at the foot of the cliff. He ... (fall) 200 metres.
7. Rewrite the sentences, using the adverbs suggested, so that they represent the equivalent situation in past time.
1. He can drive a car. (when he was eighteen) 2. I find I can understand English better than I can speak it. (when I first arrived in England) 3. I can let you have the money tomorrow, (yesterday) 4. You can persuade him to come, if anyone can. (last week) 5. My daughter can play the piano beautifully, (at one time) 6. You can see that he is bored to death, (at the party last night) 7. I can't get into the house, (because I had forgotten my key) 8. We can overhear every word our neighbours say. (in the hotel we stayed at) 9. The doctor can see you later today, (yesterday) 10. (When they asked my advice) I can suggest only one way of solving the problem. 11. I can well understand how you feel about the situation (at the time) 12. I can't get the letter translated immediately, but I could get it done by tomorrow morning, (by the following morning)
8. Replace the words in italics with a suitable form of be able to. (NB not to be able to = to be unable to)
1. If we don't book seats soon, it won't be possible for us to get into the theatre. 2. In two months' time we shall be in a position to give you the examination results. 3. The main road was under repair, but it was possible for us to take an alternative route. 4. By pretending to be ignorant of the rules, he managed to escape being punished. 5. Luckily we retraced our steps and succeeded in finding our way again. 6. It has been impossible for me to get to the bank yet, so I haven't any money. 7. May I borrow this piece of material? I'd like to have the opportunity of showing it to my wife. 8. He took a crash course in Spanish — he wanted to be in a position to speak it when he went on business to S America. 9. They bought their first house last year: previously it had been impossible for them to get a loan. 10. The student said there were a few questions he had found impossible to answer.
9. Complete the sentences.
1. If the teacher spoke a little more slowly ... 2. If the roads weren't so icy, ... 3. If you didn't live so far away, ... 4. ... if I weren't so busy. 5. If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, ... 6. ... if you had let me know earlier. 7. If we had a bit more time, ... 8. ... if we had had a bit more time.
9. If we had the right materials for the jab. 10. ... if we had had the right materials for the job.
1O. Replace the words in italics, using can or could together with the words given in brackets.
Learning a foreign language isn't always easy, (sometimes difficult)
Learning a foreign language can sometimes be difficult.
1. She doesn't always remember everything, (quite forgetful) 2. Holidays* abroad aren't necessarily expensive, (quite cheap) 3. Racial harmony isn't always easy to achieve, (difficult) 4. When I was at school, discipline wasn't generally lax. (very strict) 5. He wasn't miserable all the time, (occasionally, quite high-spirited) 6. September isn't by any means a bad month for taking a holiday in England, (wonderful) 7. Students at university don't always approve of the way their courses are run. (very critical) 8. One-way traffic systems aren't always as clear as they might be for a foreign driver, (very confusing) 9. She doesn't always look so plain, (quite pretty at times) 10. English cooking isn't necessarily bad. (in fact, excellent)
11. Replace the words in italics with a clause using may, might, or could.
1. Perhaps you will find you have made a mistake. 2. It is just conceivable that we shall get an answer to-morrow. 3. Accept his offer now. It is just possible that he will change his mind later. 4. Owing to the strike, trains will possibly be subject to delays. 5. It is possible that parents will find that they cannot understand the way their children are now being taught. 6. We shall possibly find we can't get accommodation, as we haven't booked rooms. 7. Ask your bank manager. He will perhaps be able to advise you better than I can. 8. Let's not wait any longer. It's possible that he won't turn up at all. 9. It is not impossible that the Government's policy will prove to be little short of disastrous.
12. Respond to the statements or questions with a sentence suggesting a possible explanation, using may, might, or could + the perfect infinitive of the verbs given.
1. No one is waiting at the bus stop, (may, miss) 2. He didn't come to the party last night, (might, not want) 3. No one has answered the door, (might, go out) 4. How on earth did the thief get in? (could, break) 5. Why didn't the teacher explain? (may, not know) 6. How did they know about our plans? (could, guess) 7. He didn't seem surprised when I told him. (may, already know) 8. They should have been here long before now. (may, lose) 9. I haven't seen my neighbours for over a week, (may, go) 10. Why hasn't she written to me? (could, forget)
11. I can't understand why he didn't look me up while he was down here, (may, not have)
12. It's strange that he hasn't said any more about his plans to emigrate, (might, change)
13. Rewrite the statements and questions in reported speech.
1. "You may leave work early this evening if you want to," the manager told me. 2. "You can put off making a decision for a week, but no longer," his interviewer told him. 3. "Could I see your passports, please?" the Customs officer asked. 4. "May I ask you a rather personal question?" the teacher asked the student. 5. "You can borrow my notes provided you take care of them," I told my friend. 6. "Might I see that photograph you're holding?" the police inspector asked his colleague. 7. "Cars may be parked at the rear of the building," the notice stated.
8. "Might I interrupt you for a moment?" the chairman asked the speaker politely. 9. "May I join you?" he asked his friend. 10. "Visitors may not take photographs inside the building," the notice stated.
14. Rewrite the sentences, using may.
Example:
Although (I am prepared to admit that) your job is very demanding, at least it isn't boring.
Your job may be very demanding, but at least it isn't boring. The work may have been difficult, but at least it was interesting.
1 Although the restaurant is expensive, the cuisine is excellent. 2. Although the method is crude, it's certainly effective. 3. Although he is badly paid, his work is very rewarding. 4. Although the book is long, you could hardly call it boring. 5. Although he is old, he isn't by any means senile.
6. Although the climb was exhausting, the view from the top made it well worth, while. 7. Although I was rude to him, I feel he had given me every justification. 8. Although he acted unwisely, he was at least trying to do something constructive. 9. Although his work has improved, it still isn't good enough. 10. Although old-age pensions have risen considerably, they
haven't kept pace with the cost of living.
15. Rewrite the sentences, using might and beginning with the word in italics.
1. Perhaps you would let me know tomorrow. 2. I wish he would be a little more tactful!
3. I think perhaps you should ask him if it is convenient before you call on him. 4. Perhaps you would post this letter for me while you're out shopping. 5. I'm annoyed that you didn't warn me that the car was nearly out of petrol. 6. I think you should at least have apologized for what you said. 7. I'm irritated that he didn't try to look at the problem from my point of view.
8. I'm annoyed that she doesn't keep her room reasonably tidy.
16. Rewrite the sentences, using should or ought to.
1. The Conservatives are expected to win the next election. 2. There will probably be a lot of people at the meeting. 3. The weather forecast says it will probably be fine tomorrow. 4. Our visitors were expected to arrive long before now. 5. It probably won't be too difficult to get over the problem. 6. The meeting was expected to have finished by now. 7. The organizers of the games will probably be meeting tomorrow to try to resolve any outstanding problems. 8. We didn't expect that it would take so long to get there (It ...) 9. The new regulations probably won't affect foreigners already living in this country. 10. We expect to be able to move into our new house at the end of the month.
17. Complete the responses to the statements, using must or can't, to suggest what seems to be most likely explanation.
1. His fiancée writes to him every day. She must ...2. I don't seem to have my key with me. I must have ... 3. He drives a Rolls-Royce and his wife a Mercedes. They must ... 4. No one thought he would be offered the job, but he was The person who interviewed him must have ...
5. He has no idea what the book is about. He can't have ... 6. He talks about going to the moon next year. He must ... 7. She didn't reply to his letter. She can't have ... 8. He wears glasses all the time. His eyesight can't ... 9. They haven't been on speaking terms recently. They must have ... 10. He said he would ring, but he hasn't. He must have ... 11. The last bus has already gone. It must ... than I thought. 12. I'm amazed that she married him so soon. She can't have...
18. Replace the words in italics by will or would + present infinitive. If the statements appear to indicate the speaker's annoyance, underline the modal verb to indicate that it is stressed.
1. My children love watching television. They sit for hours without saying a word.
2. He's very absent-minded. He often buys things and then leaves the shop without paying.
3. My wife persistently leaves things where other people can fall over them!
4. When we lived in the north, the water pipes used to freeze every winter, and we had to call in a plumber. 5. The chairman's main fault was that he persistently interrupted the speakers before they had finished. 6. I tried to refuse his invitation, but he repeatedly insisted on my coming. 7. Why do you persist in being so difficult? 8. My headmaster had great authority. Whenever he spoke, everyone used to listen attentively. 9. No wonder the house is cold! You always go out and leave the doors open! 10. In the nineteenth century, people used to go to church on Sunday as a matter of course.
19. Complete each short dialogue, using will together with one of the verbs in the list. The negative form will be needed in some cases.
seat bear do fit hold reach suit work
1. "Is your car very fast?" "Oh, yes! It ... over 180 kilometres an hour." 2. "Is that jug big enough?" "Oh, yes! It ... at least a gallon." 3. "What's wrong with that machine?" "I don't know. It simply ..." 4. "Why haven't you opened the door?" "This key ... the lock " 5. "How big is the new conference centre?" "Oh! It ... up to 5,000 people." 6. "Is that ladder long enough?" "Oh, yes! It ... up to the roof" 7. " Shall we say 7.30?" "Yes, that time ... me perfectly." 8. " Is it safe to walk on the ice?" "Oh, yes! It ... your weight easily."
20. Rewrite the sentences in direct speech, using shall, and omitting the words in brackets.
1. (He said) he could manage for the time being, but he would need some help later. 2. (The chairman pointed out that) if the price of raw materials increased, they would be obliged to raise prices to offset the cost. 3. (The speaker said that) he would have more to say about that problem later. 4. (I told him) I would be writing to him again within a day or two to let him know the precise arrangements. 5. (He told his wife that) he would be working late at the office that evening. 6. (He asked if) I thought we would need to take maps with us. 7. (I said that) I wouldn't be sorry to see the end of the bad weather. 8. He assumed he would be given all the necessary infoi mation. 9. (It was my opinion that) we would never get there, at the rate we were going. 10. (He reminded me that) we would be making an earh start the following morning, so we mustn't be late to bed.
21. Explain what meaning lies behind the use of will ( '//) in the following sentences.
1. It's no good phoning him at his office. He'// be on his way home now. 2. Why will you ask such stupid questions? 3. Will you clear away the dinner things? 4. If you'll clear away the dinner things, I'll make the coffee. 5. The luggage boot will never take all those cases!
6. You'// do as you're told. 7. The meeting will begin at 6.30. 8. He can be quite obstinate, but he'// generally see sense in the end. 9. They will celebrate their fiftieth wedding anniversary next year. 10. Don't worry! I'll let you know tomorrow, without fail. 11. Ah! Here we are! This will be the restaurant they recommended to us. 12. This table's too small for a dinner party. It'// only seat four in comfort.
22. Respond to the statements by giving advice or making a recommendation, using should, ought to, or 'd better with a suitable infinitive form.
Excample: I've got a toothache. — You'd better go to the dentist. He failed his exam — He should have worked harder.
1. John's terribly overweight. 2. You're always late for work! 3. Our train leaves in a few minutes. 4. Peter was involved in an accident with his car. 5. Someone's stolen my wallet!
6. The rain is coming through the roof. 7. Our tent was always getting blown down when we were &n holiday. 8. Mary got terribly sun burnt yesterday. 9. We're spending our holidays in Spain next summer. 10. This suit of mine is just about done for! 11. I've been feeling rather off colour recently. 12. We ran out of wine half way through the party. 13. John's always complaining about being underpaid. 14. We all got soaked in yesterday's downpour.
15. Let's face it. We're hopelessly lost! 16. There's ice on the roads this morning. 17. My passport expires next month. 18. I overslept again this morning. 19. There's someone knocking at the door. 20. The sink's blocked!
23. Rewrite the sentences, incorporating a clause introduced by that, following the verbs suggested in brackets.
1. Factory inspectors wanted new safety rules to be introduced, (recommend) 2. The judge wanted the court to adjourn for lunch, (order) 3. The Speaker wanted the MP to withdraw his remark, (rule) 4. The Colonel wanted his troops to attack at dawn, (decide) 5. The leader of the expedition wanted them to make a further attempt to reach the summit while the weather held, (propose) 6. Teachers wanted more nursery schools to be set up. (advocate) 7. The magistrate wanted the man to be released, (direct) 8. The police wanted members of the public not to approach the two men but to report to the nearest police station, (give instructions) 9. Shareholders wanted the board to give more detailed information about profits, (demand) 10. The employers wanted the men to return to work so that negotiations could begin, (urge)
24. Join the pairs of sentences, using the conjunctions given in brackets.
1. He left the letter on the hall table. He wanted me to be sure of seeing it when I came in. (so that) 2. The two students talked in undertones. They didn't want the teacher to overhear what they were saying, (so that) 3. The police issued a warning. They wanted the public to be aware of the danger, (in order that) 4. I'm taking an umbrella. It may rain, (in case) 5. He keeps his wife's jewels in the bank. He fears the house may be burgled, (lest) 6. I don't want you to think I'm not telling the truth. I have brought two witnesses with me. (lest) 7. He sent his son to university. He wanted him to have the best possible chance of a good career, (so that) 8. I asked you to come here. I wanted you to have an opportunity to explain things yourself, (so that) 9. Loudspeakers were fixed in an adjoining hall. Everyone iwould have an opportunity to hear the speech, (so that) 10. I'll give you my telephone number. You may want to get in touch with me again, (in case)
25. Rewrite the sentences, beginning with it.
1. Quite naturally, you're upset about what's happened 2. It's incredible! We've been living in the same street for two years and have never got to know each other. 3. You missed the one talk that was worth hearing. What a pity! 4. That's curious! He asked you to come rather than me. 5. It's typical of him. He expects everyone else to do all the work. 6. Isn't it odd! They're getting married, after all they've said about marriage. 7. You have to pay so much tax. It's crazy! 8. Look over the agreement before you sign it. This is essential. 9. Read the instructions carefully before you start answering the questions. This is important. 10. How splendid! You'll be coming to live near us. 11. You've bought the house we once thought of buying ourselves. How interesting! 12. Emergency supplies must reach the area quickly. This is vital.
26. Complete the sentences with must, mustn't, or a suitable form of have to or have got to.
1. We ... hurry, or we'll be late. 2. "Application forms ... be returned to this office within 15 days." 3. You ... visit us again some time. 4. I can never remember people's phone numbers. I always ... look them up. 5. The car broke down, and we ... have it towed to a garage. 6. The situation has now become intolerable, and something ... be done about it immediately 7. I realize how difficult the situation is, but you ... try not to let it get you down. 8. "Visas where required ... be obtained in advance of travel to the countries concerned." 9. I'm sorry to ... tell you this, but you leave me no alternative. 10. It's not fair! I always ... do the dirty work! 11. You really ... try to be. a little more tactful. 12. No one likes ... work at the weekend. 13. Whichever party forms the next government ... probably reintroduce some sort of prices and incomes policy. 14. "Candidates ... write in ink, and ... write on one side of the paper only." 15. The verdict of a jury ... be unanimous: if its members are unable to reach agreement, the case ... be retried before a new, jury. 16. Fortunately, the crowd dispersed peaceably. If they hadn't, the police might ... use force. 17. We ... make the job sound too difficult, or he won't take it on. 18. He suddenly took a turn for the worse, and I ... call the doctor in the middle of the night. 19. If a similar problem crops up again, you ... report it to me at once. 20. It's a very difficult choice to ... make.
27. When you have checked your answers to the last exercise, write the sentences in reported speech, using the sentence openings suggested below.
1. I pointed out that ... 2. The advertisement stipulated that ... 3. I told him ... 4. He said ...
5. We explained that ... 6. The tenants stated that ... 7. I told him ... 8 . The regulations laid down that ... 9. I said ... 10. He complained that ... 11. He told me ... 12. I agreed that ...
13. The editorial argued that ... 14. The instructions stated that ... 15. According to the book I was reading, the verdict ... 16. The newspaper reported that ... 17. I warned the others that ...
18. She told her neighbour that her husband ... 19. I made it clear to him that if ... 20. He felt ...
28. Rewrite the clauses in italics, using needn't or a suitable negative form of have to or need to. For the purpose of this exercise, assume that "obligation" is expressed with a form of have to, and that "necessity" is expressed with needn't or a form of need to.
1. It isn't necessary for us to leave so soon. The show doesn't start till eight. 2. You're not obliged to come just to please me. 3. I don't think it's necessary for us to take his threats too seriously. 4. It isn't necessary for you to decide immediately. You can let me know tomorrow.
5. It's a public holiday tomorrow, so you're not obliged to go to work. 6. You're not obliged to take my word for it. You can go and see for yourself. 7. If we get everything ready now, we shan't be obliged to rush around doing everything at the last minute. 8. If you listened more carefully, it wouldn't be necessary for me to keep repeating things just for your benefit. 9. He doesn't know what work is. He's never been obliged to earn his own living. 10. You're not obliged to do everything he tells you, are you? 11. It's hardly necessary for me to say how grateful I am for all you've done. 12. It was quite unnecessary for you to have told John anything. It was none of his business. 13. I shan't be able to come tomorrow, but it's unnecessary for this to make any difference to your plans. 14. He was completely at a loss. He had never been obliged to deal with such a situation before. 15. The house had just been decorated, so it wasn't necessary for us to do anything before we moved in. 16. They offered him the job on the strength of his letter. He wasn't even required to have an interview. 17. You were disappointed, I realize, but there was no need for you to have made such a fuss in public. 18. Unless you choose to tell him yourself, it is unnecessary for him ever to discover what happened. 19. It's unnecessary for you to be alarmed. 20. Nothing new came up at the meeting. I don't think it was necessary for me to have gone.
29. Use the perfect infinitive of the verbs in brackets with a uitable auxiliary verb.
I've never seen a London policeman. ~ You (see) one! You've been in London a week already! You must have seen one.
Note that not placed before the verb in brackets refers to the auxiliary verb: I heard their phone ringing. ~ You (not hear) there their phone ringing. They haven't got a phone.
You couldn't have heard their phone ringing.
1. Jack: I've finished. Ann: But you were only half way through when I went to bed. You (work) all night! 2. The instructions were in French. I translated them into English for him.~ You (not translate) them. He knows French. 3. Tom: What's happened to Jack? We said 7.30 and now it's 8.00 and there's no sign of him. Ann: He (forget) that we invited him. He is rather forgetful. I (telephone) him yesterday to remind him. (It was foolish of me not to telephone.) 4. Tom: Or he (get) lost. He hasn't been to this house before. I (give) him directions. (I didn't give him directions, which was stupid of me.) Ann: Or he (have) a breakdown or a puncture. Tom: A puncture (not delay) him so long. 5. Ann: Or he (stop) for a drink and (get) involved in an argument. Jack's arguments go on for hours! Tom: Or he (run) out of petrol. Perhaps we'd better go and look for him. 6. You (not feed) the bears! (It was foolish of you to feed them.) Now they'll be angry if the next campers don't feed them too. 7. Nobody has been in this house for a month. ~ Nonsense! Here's last Monday's paper in the wastepaper basket; somebody (be) here quite recently. 8. Two of the players spent the night before the big match at a party. ~
That was very foolish of them. They (go) to bed early. 9. He says that when walking across Kensington Gardens he was attacked by wolves. ~ He (not be attacked) by wolves. There aren't any wolves in Kensington. He (see) some Alsatian dogs and (think) they were wolves. 10. I waited from 8.00 to 8.30 under the clock and he says he waited from 8.00 to 8.30 under the clock, and we didn't see each other! ~ You (wait) under different clocks! There are two in the station, you know. 11. He set off alone a month ago and hasn't been heard of since. ~
He (fall) into a river and (be eaten) by crocodiles. ~ Or (be kidnapped) by tribesmen. ~ Or (catch) fever and (die) of it. 12. We (start) yesterday (this was the plan); but the flight was cancelled because of the fog, so we're still here, as you see. 13. Mary to Ann, who has just toiled up six flights of stairs: You (not walk) up! You (come) up in the lift. It's working now.
14. I left my car under the No Parking sign; and now it's gone. It (be) stolen! ~ Not necessarily. The police (drive) it away. 15. He had two bottles of Coke and got frightfully drunk. ~ He (not get) drunk on Coke. He (drink) gin with it. 16. He was riding a bicycle along the motorway when he was hit by the trailer of a lorry. These big lorries are very dangerous. ~ Perhaps, but Paul (not ride) a bicycle along the motorway; bicycles are not allowed. 17. I've lost one of my gloves! ~ The puppy (take) it. I saw him running by just now with something in his mouth. It (be) your glove. 18. We've run out of petrol! ~ I'm not surprised. I noticed that the tank was nearly empty when we left home. ~ You (tell) me! We (get) petrol at the last village. Now we've got a 10-mile walk! 19. If the ground hadn't been so soft the horse I backed (win) instead of coming in second. He never does very well on soft ground. 20. I've written to Paul. ~ You (not write). He's coming here tomorrow. You'll see him before he gets your letter. 21. They (build) a two-storey house (this was the original plan), but money ran out so they built a bungalow instead.
22. If the dog hadn't woken us we (not notice) the fire for several hours, and by that time it (spread) the house next door. 23. Why didn't you wait for me yesterday? ~ I waited five minutes. ~ You (wait) a little longer! 24. How did Peter get here? He (come) on a motorcycle. (This is a possibility.) ~ He (not come) on a motorcycle. He doesn't ride one. ~ He (come) as a pillion passenger. 25. (Alice, staying at a hotel for the first time, carefully washes up the early morning tea things.) Mother. You (not do) that. The hotel staff do the washing up. 26. Why are you so late? You (be) here two hours ago! 27. Mrs Smith: I've cooked scrambled eggs for Mr Jones, because of his diet, and steak and onions for everyone else. Mr Jones: You (not cook) anything special for me, Mrs Smith; I'm not on diet any longer. 28. If I'd known we'd have to wait so long I (bring) a book. ~ If I'd known it was going to be so cold I (not come) at all!
29. Tom (looking out of the window): Fortunately that teapot didn't hit anyone, but you (not throw) it out of the window, Ann! You (kill) someone. 30. Look at this beautiful painting! Only a very great artist (paint) such a picture! ~ Nonsense! A child of five (paint) it with his eyes shut.
31. I wonder how the fire started. ~ Oh, someone (drop) a lighted cigarette. Or it (be) an electrical fault. ~ 32. You don't think it (be started) deliberately? ~ Well, I suppose it (be). (It is possible.) But who would do a thing like that? 33. There is only one set of footprints, so the kidnapper (carry) his prisoner out. He not (do) it in daylight or he (be) seen. He (wait) till dark.
34. I went with him to show him the way. ~ You (not do) that. (That wasn't necessary.) He knows the way. 35. Then an enormous man, ten feet tall, came into the ring. ~ He (not be) ten feet tall really. He (walk) on stilts. 36. He jumped out of a sixth-floor window and broke his neck. ~ You say "jumped". It (not be) an accident? ~ No. The window was too small. It (be) deliberate.
30. Use the perfect infinitive of the verbs in brackets with a suitable auxiliary verb.
1. Tom: I had my house painted recently, but when they sent in the bill I was appalled. If I'd known it was going to cost so much I (not have) it done. 2. Peter. But it's your own fault, Tom. You (ask) for an estimate before letting them start. 3. Mother (very anxious about her son, aged ten): Where is he? He (be) here an hour ago? (It's now 5.00 and he is usually home by 4.00)
4. Friend: He (go) to the playground to watch a football match. Mother: No, if there'd been a match today he (tell) me. He always tells me all the football news. 5. Friend: His teacher (keep) him in as a punishment. Mother. She (not keep) him in for a whole hour. 6. Friend: Then he (go) to a friend's house. Mother. Yes, or he (be) knocked down crossing the street He may be lying unconscious in hospital! Friend: If that had happened the hospital (ring) you. Mother: They (not ring) me. My phone isn't working! 7. He jumped out of the aeroplane and landed unhurt! ~ You mean he parachuted down? ~ He didn't say anything about a parachute. ~ He (have) a parachute. Otherwise he (be) killed. 8. I bought a sweater at Marks and Spencer's last Sunday. ~ You (not buy) it on Sunday. Marks and Spencer's is shut on Sundays. 9. Tom's had another accident. He came out of a side road rather fast and a lorry crashed into him. ~ It sounds like Tom's fault. He (wait) till the main road was clear. 10. I wonder who carried the piano upstairs. I suppose it was Paul. ~ Paul (not carry) it by himself. Someone (help) him. 11. I was on the Circle Line and we were just leaving Piccadilly. ~ Then you (not be) on the Circle Line. It doesn't go through Piccadilly. You (be) on the Bakerloo Line or the Piccadilly Line. 12. The plane disappeared two weeks ago and no one knows what happened to it. ~ It (crash) into the sea. If it had crashed on land someone (report) it by now. ~ 13. But what do you think caused the plane to crash? ~ Who knows? It (blow) up. Someone (plant) a bomb on board before take-off, or one of the passengers (have) explosives with him. 14 Or someone (try) to hijack the plane. And there (be) a fight during which the plane crashed. 15. Or something (go) wrong with the engines, or it (be) a case of metal fatigue. ~ It (not be) metal fatigue because it was a brand new plane. 16. The pilot (collapse) at the controls. ~ But if that had happened the second pilot (take over). 17. Maria (new to English customs): He said, "How do you do?" so I told him about my migraine. Ann: You (not do) that. (That wasn't the right thing to do.) You (say), "How do you do?" too. 18. It was the depths of winter and we had to wait eighteen hours in an unheated station. ~ You (be) frozen by the time the train arrived. 19. I've done all the calculations. Here you are — six pages. ~ But you (not do) all that work!- We have a computer to do that sort of thing. ~ You (tell) me! Then I (not waste) all my time! 20. He failed the exam but he (pass) it. (He had the ability to pass it.} It's all his own fault; he (work) much harder during the term.
21. He's not here! Yet I locked him in and bolted the door too, so he (not possibly open) the door from inside. And he (not get) out of the window; it's too small. ~ 22. Somebody (let) him out. One of his friends (follow) you here and (slip) in when your back was turned. 23. Passenger: Fares are awful! I had to pay £2 for my ticket and £1 for the baby. Another passenger: But you (not buy) a ticket for the baby. Babies travel free. 24. Immediately after drinking the coffee I felt very sleepy and the next thing I remember is finding myself lying in the middle of the road. ~ They (drug) your coffee and (dump) you there. ~ If I hadn't woken up when I did I (be run) over. ~ That (be) part of their plan. (It is possible that it was part of their plan.)
25. I found he knew all my movements for the past week. He (bribe) one of the other students to give him the information. ~ Or he (follow) you himself. ~ No, he (not do) that. (That is not possible.) I (see) him. 26. I stamped it and posted it. ~ You (not stamp) it. It was a reply-paid envelope. 27. He walked from London to Cambridge in three hours. ~ He (not do) it in that time! Someone (give) him a lift. 28. I found that everything I said on the phone had been reported to the police. ~ Your phone (be) tapped. 29. My ring's gone! It was on the table by the window only a minute ago! Who (take) it? ~ It (be) a magpie. There are some round here and they like shining things. A magpie (hop) in through the window and (snatch) it when you were out of the room. (This is possible.) 30. I had to walk home» yesterday: I had no money for my fare. ~
You (tell) me! I (lend) you the money! 31. I (not take) a taxi. I (walk); it was only a hundred metres. (/ took a taxi but it wasn't necessary.) 32. The shoplifter thought she was unobserved but when she got to the door a store detective stopped her. They (watch) her , on closed-circuit television. 33. When I rang the exchange and asked for the number the operator said, "You (not ring) the exchange! You (dial) the number direct!" However, he put me through. 34. One moment the conjurer's handkerchief was empty and the next moment it was full of eggs! ~
He (have) the eggs up his sleeve! ~ 35. Well, I suppose he (have) eggs up his sleeve: but for his next trick he produced a bowl of goldfish out of the air. He (not have) a bowl of goldfish up his sleeve, now, could he? 36. Mary: My grandmother knew a girl whose fiance was sent to prison for twenty years. This girl (marry) any one of a dozen men because she was a real beauty, but she waited till her fiance came out of jail! Jack: She (love) him very much. Ann: She (be) an idiot!
31. Use the perfect infinitives of the verbs in brackets with the appropriate auxiliary. Phrases in bold type should not be repeated but their meaning should be expressed by auxiliary + perfect infinitive.
You (bought) bread, which was not necessary.
You needn't have bought bread.
1. To someone who was not at the party: "We had a wonderful time; you (be) there." 2. It is possible that Shakespeare (write) it. ~ Shakespeare (not write) it because events are mentioned that didn't occur till after Shakespeare's time. 3. I found this baby bird at the foot of a tree. It (fall) from a nest. 4. I used to visit her and I always wondered why she had those dreadful pictures on the walls. ~ It is possible that she (like) them. 5. During the gale, the captain was on the bridge the whole time. He (be) exhausted afterwards. 6. You (send) a telegram, which was quite unnecessary; a letter would have done. 7. You (leave) a note. (It was very inconsiderate of you not to do so.) 8. Somebody phoned at lunchtime but I couldn't catch the name. ~ It (be) my brother. He sometimes rings me up then. 9. The lecturer was a tall man with white hair. ~
Then it (not be) Dr Fell because he is short and fat. It (be) Dr Jones; I think he is thin. 10. You (not go) out yesterday without a coat. No wonder you caught cold. 11. I saw them in the street but they didn't stop to speak to me. ~ It is possible that they (be) in a hurry. 12. They (be) married next week but now they have quarrelled and the wedding has been cancelled. 13. If we hadn't had this puncture we certainly (be) home by now. 14. You (carry) the dog, which was unnecessary. He can walk very well. 15. People were waiting but the bus didn't stop. ~ It is possible that it (be) full. 16. We went sailing on a lake in a London park. I think it was the Round Pond. ~ It (not be) the Round Pond. There are only toy boats there. It (be) the Serpentine. 17. Look, there's a tree right across the road! ~ So there is. It (be) blown down by the gale last night. 18. This building (be) finished by the end of last year (this was the plan), but there have been so many strikes that it isn't finished yet. 19. But for the fog they (reach) the top next day.
20. You (cross) the road by the subway, (but you didn't) 21. It is a pity you (not bring) your kite. It is just the day for kites. 22. It is possible that I (be) mistaken. 23. I sat on a seat in the park and now my coat is covered in green stripes. ~ The paint (be) wet. 24. I suppose it was Charles who left the kitchen in such a mess. ~ No, it (not be) Charles. He never has a meal in. It (be) Bill. 25. I know she was in because I heard her radio, but she didn't open the door. ~
Possibly she (not hear) the bell. 26. If you had told me that you were in London I (put) you up. (This would have been possible.) 27. If they had gone any further they (fall) over a precipice.
28. He (check) that his brakes were working properly, (but he didn't) 29. You (apologize), which was not necessary. 30. I can't think why they didn't try to help him. ~ It is possible that they (not realize) that he was drowning. 31. He (thanks) us. (We are offended that he didn't.)
32. I (go) on Tuesday (this was the plan). But on Tuesday I had a terrible cold so I decided to wait till Wednesday.
32. Choose between must and should in the following sentences.
1. Henry was deported for having an expired visa. He ...... (have) his visa renewed. 2. Julietta was absent for the first time yesterday. She ... (be) sick. 3. The photos are black. The X rays at the airport ... (damage) them. 4. Blanke got a parking ticket. She ... (park) (negative) in a reserved spot, since she had no permit. 5. Carmencita did very well on the exam. She ... (study) very hard. 6. Jeanette did very badly on the exam. She ... (study) harder.
7. German called us as soon as his wife had her baby. He ... (be) very proud. 8. Eve had to pay $5.00 because she wrote a bad check. She ... (deposit) her money before she wrote a check. 9. John isn't here yet. He ... (forget) about our meeting. 10. Alexis failed the exam. He ... (study) (negative) enough.
33. Choose the correct answer in each of the following sentences according to meaning and tense.
1. If I had a bicycle, (I would/I will) ride it every day. 2. George (would have gone/would go) on a trip to Chicago if he had had time. 3. Marcela didn't come to class yesterday. She (will have/had/may have had) an accident. 4. John didn't do his homework, so the teacher became very angry. 5. Sharon was supposed to be home at nine o'clock. She (must forget/must have forgotten) about our meeting. 6. Where do you think Juan is today? I have no idea. He (should have slept/may have slept) late. 7. George missed class today. He (might have had/might had had) an accident. 8. Robert arrived without his book. He (could have lost/would have lost) it. 9. Thomas received a warning for speeding. He (should have driven/ shouldn't have driven) so fast. 10. Henry's car stopped on the highway. It (may run/ may have run) out of gas.
34. Fill in the blanks.
A. The Night Uncle Bob Was Arrested
Use the following verbs:
could have might have
couldn't have must have
should have shouldn't have
A.: Tell me the story about the night Uncle Bob was arrested.
В.: You don't really want to hear that old story again. 1 ______________told it to you a hundred times!
A.: I know. But I'd like to hear it again.
В.: Well, all right. I'll never forget the night they arrested your Uncle Bob for stealing a car. As soon as I heard he was in trouble, I called the police station because I knew he______been
driving too fast, or he__________ missed a stop sign, but I just KNEW that he ____________ stolen a car! I knew that the policeman _____________arrested the wrong man. Later, we found out what really had happened. Your Uncle Bob couldn't find his keys and was trying to get into his car. The only way he could do that was by breaking the window. That's when the police arrived.
Your Uncle Bob___________ been so impatient. He _________
called me because I had the keys to his car all the time. He had left them at my house and________________forgotten them.
A.: That's my favourite story. Thanks for telling it.
B. What's the Word?
could have might have should have
couldn't have must have shouldn't have
1. I'm so hot! I shouldn't have. worn my winter coat today. I'm sorry I did.
2. Your house looks like new since the fire. You__________________________spent a lot of time repairing it.
3. Michael___________________________taken us sailing on such a windy day.
We_________________________gotten seasick.
4. It was so dark in my basement that I fell down the stairs. I____________________________fixed that broken light.
5. Patty is crazy! She________________________gotten to New York any way she wanted. Why did she hitchhike?
6. I called Stuard's apartment all night and nobody answered me. He___________________________gone out.
7. You______________________________swept the front porch. It looks so clear.
8. He_____________________________________stolen the car. He was with me all the time.
9. My washing machine is broken. The repairman said I never____________tries to wash four pairs of sneakers and five pairs of jeans at the same time.
35. Write the missing lines in the conversation. Use may or can. Several answers are correct.
Carlos: This coffee still needs more sugar. The container is near you, Ellen._________________?
Ellen: More sugar? There are already three teaspoons in your cup!
Hiroshi: I'm ready to leave. How about you, Carlos. Carlos: Sure (He calls the waiter)
Walter: The check? Of course you may. (He writes the check and puts it on the table.)
Carlos: (looks at the check) Whew! Um ... __________________________.Ellen?
Ellen: Borrow five dollars again? Well, I ... Carlos: I promise to pay you tomorrow ...
Hiroshi: Here, Carlos. I get my paycheck tomorrow.________________. (He puts a ten dollar bill in Carlos's hand.)
Carlos: A loan of ten dollars! Thanks, Hiroshi! They collect the money and pay the waiter. The waiter returns in a few minutes.
Waiter: (to Carlos)___________?
Carlos: You want to speak to me? Sure.
Waiter: Your check total is $47.80 and there's only $44.00 here.
You know,_____________or______________.
Carlos: Use a credit card? Write a check? Well___________
Waiter: You need more time? Sure. I'll be back in a few minutes.
36. Write the missing lines in the conversation. Use modal verbs with the clue words under the lines. Several answers are correct.
Carlos: Well,______________________? (whose credit card, we, use)
Ellen: Not mine._____________________? (you, write a check)
Or, Hiroshi,_____________________? (we, borrow more cash)
Hiroshi: Well, I guess__________________________ (I, lend you ten more dollars)
Ellen: Really? Great! Then I want another dessert' (you, get the waiter's attention) Carlos: Psst ...
Ellen: Carlos, in this country,____________. (you not hiss) It's more polite to motion (she motions to the waiter.)
Ellen: Yes,__________________________. (you, bring us the menu again) Waiter: Oh, no ...
37. Complete the sentences.
(practise) 1. Gloria has was every chess game she's played today. She__________________________________a lot. (do) 2. I don't have anything to wear today. I __________ I ________________________ the laundry. (vote) 3. The people in our town_____________________ ________________for anyone they wanted to. I don't understand why they voted for Peter Smith. (drop) 4. Jack lost his homework. He__________________ __________ on the way to school, or he ______________
_______________________on the bus. He isn't sure what happened. (study) 5. You did very well on your test. You ________ _________________________a lot. (build) 6. The Acme Company________________________ ___________their new office anywhere. It was a mistake to build it here. (wear) 7. It's hot in here. I__________________________ _____________a heavy sweater today. (feed) 8. You ________________ __________ _______ Rover. He's been hungry all day. (fall) 9. Lucy shouldn't have stood on that broken chair. She (buy) 10. I _________ a used car because my new car was much too expensive.
(spend) 11. I ______________________________________ ten dollars, or I_____________________________twelve dollars. I'm afraid I can't remember.
(go) (drown)12. You________________________________ swimming in the ocean yesterday. It's very dangerous, and you
38. Write a verb phrase with the modal verb should, had better, or most in each blank. More than one modal may be correct. Choose from these simple verb forms: get, run, eat, do, go, stop, spend, find
Doctor: I hate to say this, Mr Stone, but you're in terrible shape.
Patient I know that, doctor. What________I__________?
D.: Well, first of all, you're a little overweight. Perhaps you _____________on a diet.
P.: You're right, doctor. I____________ (not) so many desserts.
D.: Right. And you_________________some exercise.
P.: I know._____________I___________a mile every day?
D.: Yes. But this is very important you ________ smoking! Those cigarettes will kill you!
P.: You're absolutely right! And they're expensive, too! I _________________ (not) any more money on them. Well, thank you, doctor. I appreciate the advice.
39. Write the missing lines in the conversation. Use can, could, will and would. Pay attention to the sentences before and after the blanks. Several answers are correct.
A. My steak is perfect. This restaurant is much better than the coffee shop. And the waiters are friendlier.
B. It costs a lot more, too._____________, Ellen?
E. Pass the pepper again? You really like spicy food!________________, Alec?
A. What do you want ketchup for?
E. I always put a little ketchup on my steak.
A. Ketchup on steak? Yuk!
E. (laughing)_______________be quiet, Alec!
A. No, I won't be quiet! There isn't any more butter.
B. Okay, (calls the waiter)________________________?
W.: Of course. I'll bring some right away. (He goes to the kitchen and comes back with more butter.)
E.: (to the waiter)______________?
W.. Coffee? Of course. (He brings three cups of coffee.}
A.: (to the waiter} There's not much sugar there.
W.: (sighs) Certainly. I'll fill the container in a moment.
40. Complete these sentences with modal verbs. Several answers may be correct.
I. A.: I want to deposit these checks in my savings account, please.
В.. Of course. ________________ you please write your name on the back?_______________ you fill out a deposit slip? And__________I have your passbook?
A.: Sure. And ________________ you also check my balance?
В.: Certainly.
II. A.:____________________________I help you?
В.: Yes. ___________________ you tell me the departure time for the next bus to Houston?
A.: That bus usually leaves at 6.15. But they're having a little trouble with it. It___________leave late.
В.: That___________(not) be a problem. I_____________take one ticket, please, round-trip.
A.: That ____________________ be $48.00 You_________check your bag or take it with you on the bus. It's that your bag?
В.: Yes.
A.: I'm sorry, but you_________(not) take him on the bus.
III. A.: What_________________I do for you today?
В.: I have a delivery notice from the post office. ___________I get this package here?
A.: Yes, you________________________.
В.: And_________________I send a registered letter?
A.: Of course you_____________________________ you please out this form?
41. Fill in the blanks with a modal verb phrase. Use the verbs in parentheses. Several answers may be correct.
What a day! Blue sky, white clouds, big fish, and this quiet river ... Uh-oh. What's going on? There's water coming in the boat. There_________(be) a leak. How_______I______(find)
it? I_______ (not see) the bottom of the boat under all this water. What__________ I_______ (do)? I______ (call) for help.
Help1 Help1 _____________ anyone __________ (hear) me?
What's that noise? It ____________ is a waterfall! Well, I
____________(not save) the boat but I ________ I (save) my
life! I_____________(swim) back to camp!
42. Write the sentences in the interrogative and negative forms.
1. We must be there today. 2. He can understand what I mean. 3. Tom had to lock the door.
4. You may change the plan. 5. She ought to be present. 6. The children were allowed to stay out till 9 o'clock. 7. The girls will be allowed to take part in the competition. 8. The pupils had to write a test at the previous lesson.
43. Write the sentences in the past and in the future tenses.
1. I must go to the country during the holidays. 2. He can solve all the problems. 3. You may take three books with you. 4. Can Alice open the book? 5. Mother can prepare dinner in one hour. 6. You need not return the notes at once. 7. He must not drink coffee.
8. Must you write the letter in English?
44. Put in will have to, must, having to, has to, should, had to, have to and should have.
ARIJABA!
The Post Office in Britain is famous for getting letters and parcels to their destinations. The problems is that the public ... observe the rules. For example, we ... put a stamp on a letter. If we don't, the recipient ... pay double. We often see the sign ALL LETTERS ... BE CORRECTLY ADDRESSED. These days, this means ... use postcodes. If you didn't use a postcode, it's no good complaining that your letter ... arrived sooner. Parcels are a problem because they ... be correctly packaged. If Aunt Sophie is going to send you a jar of your favourite jam, she ... wrap it up well. The most important thing we ... do is to address our letters and parcels legibly and correctly. This means clear handwriting and correct spelling. What we ... do and what we actually do are often miles apart. Recently, the Post Office ... deliver a letter which showed a name followed by the word ARIJABA. What is this, do you think? Arabic? Hindustan? Wrong both times? Say it out loud and you'll see it's just plain (misspelt!) English: HARWICH HARBOUR'
45 Put in appropriate forms of the past, used to, will or would. Alternatives are possible.
WATER, WATER, EVERYWHERE!
The thing I remember most about my childhood was my visits to my aunt Charlotte in her lovely country house. She (be) ... a remarkable woman by any standard. She (be) ... really skilled at water-diving and she (find) ... water on the most unpromising bits of land. The farmers (love) ... her, especially as she (never accept) ... money for water-diving. "Water (always find) ... its own level", she (say) ... "and I know exactly where that level is. Water-diving is a gift from God and you don't accept payment for that". She had a gift for noticing changes in the weather, too. "It's going to rain soon," she (say) ..., "I can feel it in my bones," and she (always be) ... right in her later years, she developed a bad back and (often visit) ... her osteopath. She (never tire) ... of telling us that her osteopath (say) ..., as he massaged her painful back, "It's going to rain, Charlotte. I can feel it in your bones!"
46. Put in am, can, can't, couldn't, have had to, haven't been able to, must, must be or must have.
REMEMBER ME?
There was a knock at the door. I opened it and saw a stranger. "Hello, Fred," he cried. "... I come in?" "How do you know my name?" I asked. "We met ten years ago on a ferry-boat and you gave me your card." "You ... mistaken," I said. "No, I ... not" the stranger said. He produced my card: Fred Ames. I ... given it to him ten years ago, but "I ... remember you," I said. "We exchanged cards years ago," the stranger said. "You said, "You ... come and stay with us as long as you like any time you're in England." "I'm sorry I ... wait so many years before coming to visit you. I've been so busy, I ..., but here I am at last! Better late than never! I've just arrived on the ferry. My wife and children are in the car and we wonder if we ... stay with you for a month."
47. Supply must have been, can't/couldn't have been, have to/had to (be), didn't have to (be).
1. He knows a lot about flying planes. He ... a pilot when he was young. 2. Vera ... at the supermarket this morning. I didn't see her there. 3. John ... at the bank till 10, so he only arrived here five minutes ago. 4. When ... (she) ... at the hospital? Early this morning. 5. Monica knew exactly what to do. I ... tell her twice. 6. We had enough foreign currency left at the end of the holiday, so I ... buy any more. 7. There are so many nice things* for tea, I think you ... expecting them. 8. You ... waiting long. After all, I'm only five minutes late. 9. There ... an accident on South Street because the road is closed off. 10. When I was a boy we ... sitting at our desks working before the boss got in. 11. I left a message on your answer phone last night. You ... out. 12. The fire alarm went off and we ... out of the building in two minutes.
48. Put in suitable forms which express uncertainty or possibility.
OLDER AND WISER?
We must make decisions all the time, but we ... never be certain whether we are right or wrong. The work you choose to do •• be suitable for you or it ... not. The person you marry ... be Perfect match for ... be the worst possible choice. Suppose you have saved money for the future. You ... invest it wisely so that it grows in value or you ... lose the lot in a foolish moment. You
think you have a healthy diet, but the food you eat ... actually be very bad for you and ... be the cause of terrible illness. Perhaps you travel a lot by plane. All the flights you make are routine, but one of them ... be your last. Decisions! Decisions! But we don't learn from experience. Experience is the quality that allows us to go on making the same mistakes with more confidence.
49. Translate into English.
1. He беспокойся1 Они не опоздают. Возможно они уже едут сюда и будут здесь через несколько минут. 2. Когда мы должны быть на вокзале? В 9, но не нужно торопиться, поезд уходит в 9.30. 3. Должно быть, она не узнала нас. 4. Неужели вы все еще работаете над этим переводом Ведь статья очень простая. 5. Не может быть, чтобы они уже переехали на новую квартиру. 6. Эта книга должно быть, пользуется большим успехом у читателей. 7. Его речь, должно быть, произвела большое впечатление
на слушателей. 8. Вам, наверное, уже сообщили, что поезд опоздает. 9. Ей обязательно нужно было позвонить маме и предупредить, что она может быть не приедет.
50. Translate into English.
1. Не могу же я уйти и оставить вас одну. 2. Что сделано, то сделано. 3. Она не могла этого сделать! 4. Я мог бы прийти пораньше, если нужно. 5. Он, возможно, забыл свое обещание. 6. Можете остаться, если хотите. 7. Вы могли бы принести книгу вовремя.
8. Вам обязательно нужно пойти на выставку. 9. Он, вероятно, сейчас там. 10. Непременно нужно прочитать эту книгу. 11. Вам принести еще чаю? 12. Штраф не должен превышать 20 долларов. 13. Я ни за что не стану этого делать. 14. Вам следует выполнять свой долг. 15. Ему надо было бы быть врачом. 16. Не смей его трогать!
17. Так как я должен был быть там ровно в пять, мне пришлось взять такси. 18. По всей вероятности они не придут. 19. Может быть, это и правда. 20. Неужели он имел это ввиду?
51. Translate into English.
1. Может быть, она потеряла сумку. 2. Не могли бы вы сказать мне, который час! 3. Сколько ей, по-вашему, лет? 4. Здесь курить не разрешается. 5. Мне приходится вставать очень рано. 6. Вы могли бы предложить свою помощь, когда он попал в беду.
7. Мы должны подчиняться законам. 8. Ты за это заплатишь. 9. Я с большим удовольствием остался бы дома. 10. Не хотите этого делать — не нужно. 11. Как ты смеешь говорить такие вещи? 12. Вряд ли вы его знаете. 13. Вам следовало было знать это. 14. Это вам должно подойти. 15. Мне подождать тебя? 16. Он, должно быть, допустил ошибку. 17. Ему никак не может быть больше сорока. 18. Может быть, он и сделал это, никто не знает. 19. Он, может быть, заблудился. 20. Он готов был заплакать от стыда.
Conditionals
1. Write conditional sentences using the given fact in your conditional clause and adding a suitable completion.
1. It looks as if those shoes in the window are my size. 2. Don't drop that vase! 3. It looks like being fine tomorrow. 4. My father has suggested that I change my job. 5. It seems that we'll be late for the theatre. 6. Don't lose my library book! 7. You may meet some friends of mine in London. 8. He expects to pass his exam. 9. I anticipate getting a rise in salary next year.
2. Refer the following sentences of real condition to the future and change the verb form:
1. You do not see the square if you look out of the window 2. Eric comes to school by bus if he is late. 3. We see old things if the history museum is open 4. If Alf can repair his bicycle, he goes cycling. 5. Irene does not go to the theatre if she cannot get a ticket.
3. Use the correct verb form instead of the infinitive in brackets in the following sentences of real condition:
A. 1. If the weather (to be) fine next weekend, we (to go) tc the country. 2. I always (to help) you this year if you (to need) help. 3. I (to help) you tomorrow if you still (to need) help 4. li my parents (not to work) on Saturday, we all (to go) skiing 5. Granny sometimes (not to hear) if little Eddie (to call) her.
B. 1. Mother (to be) very tired tomorrow, she (to go) home by tram. 2. I (to be) always at home if you (to ring) me up this summer. 3. If Father (to leave) for the south, Mother (to start)
preparations 4. The children (to wear) shorts in summer if it (to be) hot.. 5. If the days (to be) sunny in spring, we (to work) in the garden.
4. Complete the following sentences.
1. Dad, if you carry on like this, I'll ...2. We can go out for dinner if ... 3. If you help me a bit, ...
4. The house will soon be very dirty, if ... 5. If you drop out of school, Marvin ... 6. You'll get into a good college, if ... 7. You'll soon be in trouble if ... 8. Why don't you visit Mom if ...
5. Rewrite the sentences using if.
1. Give him a little encouragement and he'll work really hard. 2. Take a pill and you won't be seasick. 3. Remember your wife's birthday or she'll be upset. 4. Send her some roses and she'll forgive you. 5. Put on some suntan oil or you'll get sunburnt. 6. Tell me the truth at once or I'll never trust you again. 7. Just say you are sorry and we can forget the whole incident.
8. Be firm with the children or they'll misbehave. 9. Practise speaking English regularly or you'll never become really fluent.
6. Complete the sentences making them conditional.
1. We'll just manage to catch the train if ...2. If I see him again I ... 3 I will accept your explanation only if ... 4. If my bank manager lends me the money.... 5. What will happen if ...?
6. If you don't hear from me by next Friday ... 7. If your work continues to improve ... 8. ... only if you promise not to tell anyone else. 9. Look up the answer in the key only if ... 10. What will he say if ...? 11. If the worst should come to the worst... 12. Give me time and ...
7. Put the verbs into the correct tenses.
1. If I see him I (give) him a lift. 2. The table will collapse if you (stand) on it. 3. If he (eat) all that he will be ill. 4. If I find your passport I (telephone) you at once. 5. The police (arrest) him if they catch him. 6. If he (read) in bad light he will ruin his eyes. 7. Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked. 8. What will happen if my parachute (not open)? 9. If he (wash) my car I'll give him £10. 10. If she (need) a radio she can borrow mine. 11. If you (not go) away I'll send for the police. 12. I'll be very angry if he (make) any more mistakes. 13. If he (be) late we'll go without him. 14. She will be absolutely furious if she (hear) about this. 15. If you put on the kettle I (make) the tea. 16. If you give my dog a bone he (bury) it at once. 17. If we leave the car here it (not be) in anybody's way. 18. He'll be late for the train if he (not start) at once.
19. If you come late they (not let) you in. 20. If he (go) on telling lies nobody will believe a word he says. 21. Unless he (sell) more he won't get much commission. 22. If I lend you £10 when you (repay) me? 23. We'll have to move upstairs if the river (rise) any higher. 24. If he (work) hard today can he have a holiday tomorrow? 25. Ice (turn) to water if you heat it. 26. If the house (burn) down we can claim compensation. 27. If you (not like) this one I'll bring you another. 28. Unless you are more careful you (have) an accident. 29. Tell him to ring me up if you (see) him. 30. If I tell you a secret, you (promise) not to tell it to anyone else? 31. If you (not believe) what I say, ask your mother. 32. If he (like) the house will he buy it? 33. If you will kindly sit down I (make) enquiries for you. 34. Unless I have a quiet room I (not be able) to do any work 35. She won't open the door unless she (know) who it is 36. Should you require anything else please (ring) the bell for the attendant.
8. put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1. I'll look for your notebook and if I (find) it I (give) you a ring. 2. If you (smoke) in a non-smoking compartment the other passengers (object). 3. I'll wash the glasses in this nice hot water.~ No, don't. If you (put) them into very hot water they (crack). 4. If you (see) Tom tell him I have a message for him. 5. If he (win) he (get) £1,000; if he (come) in second he (get) £500.
6. If you (feel) too hot during the night turn down the central heating. 7. Tom: Jack is a translator; he translates 1,000 words a day and gets £100 a week, which he says isn't enough to live on. Bill: Well, if he (want) more money he (have) to do more work. Advise him to translate 2,000 words a day. 8. If you (finish) with your dictionary I'd like to borrow it. 9. Jack (in canoe): Watch me! I'm going to stand up! Tom (on the bank): He's an idiot! If he (stand) up in the canoe it (capsize). 10. The lift wasn't working when I was here last. If it still (not work) we (have) to use the stairs. 11. I shan't wake if the alarm clock (not go) off. 12. I shan't wake unless I (hear) the alarm. 13. If you'd like some ice I (get) some from the fridge. 14. He's only sixteen but he wants to leave school at the end of the term. ~ If he (leave) now he (be) sorry afterwards. 15. I expect it will freeze tonight. ~ И it (freeze) tonight the roads (be) very slippery tomorrow.
16. That book is overdue. If you (not take) it back to the library tomorrow you (have) to pay a fine. 17. Unless Tom (take) his library book back tomorrow he (have) to pay a fine.
18. You'd better take the day off if you (not feel) well tomorrow. 19. If a driver (brake) suddenly on a wet road he (skid). 20. If you (like) I (get) you a job in this company. 21. If you (like) a job in this company, I'll get you one. 22. My dog never starts a flight. He never growls unless the °ther dog (growl) first. 23. You can use my phone if yours (not work). 24. If you (not know) the meaning of a word you may as a dictionary. 25. If Jack (refuse) to help we'll have to manage without him 26. If Jack (not help) we'll have to manage without him. 27. (Tom is putting his coat on.) Ann: If you (go) out would you buy me some cigarettes? 28. Henry can't count. ~ Why you (employ) him as a cashier if he can't count? 29. The police will test the knife for fingerprints. If your fingerprints are on it you (be) charged with murder. 30. Tom: I hate my job. Peter: If you (hate) it why you (not change) it? 31. You can ask for a continental breakfast if you (not want) a full breakfast. 32. If you (hear) from Tom could you please let me know? 33. Caller: Could I speak to Mr Jones, please? Secretary: If you'd wait a moment I (see) if he's in. 34. I'm not expecting any messages, but if someone (ring) while I am out could you say that I'll be back by 6.00? 35. (Notice in a box of chocolates): Every care has been taken with preparation and packing, but if these chocolates (reach) you in a damaged condition please return them to us and we will send you another box. 36. If you (care) to see some of his drawings I (send) them round to your office.
9. Part 1. Drill: reply to the following sentences as shown in the example:
If Tom meets us at the station we'll be all right. But what'll we do if he doesn't meet us?
1. If he pays me tonight I'll have enough money for the tickets. 2. If I get a work permit I'll stay for another six months. 3. If I pass this exam I'll go to the university next October.4. If he agrees to let me go on working after marriage I'' marry him (Use refuse). 5. I'm going to say to the boss, "I can't work with Smith Either I go or he goes. You'll have to choose between us."
6. If I can find a cheap room I'll stay a fortnight. 7. Your parachute should open after ten seconds. 8. Provided you remember the password you'll be in no danger. (Use forget.)
9. Tell the police the truth. I'm sure they'll believe you. 10. If the baby is a girl we're going to call her Ann. 11. If we get a lift we'll be in time. 12. If London airport is clear of fog we'll land there. 13. If Tom helps us the job will only take half an hour. 14. I haven't got a key but Jack will let us in if he is at home. 15. If the ice is thick enough we'll be able to walk across the river.
16. The sands are quite safe as long as you don't walk on them when the tide is coming in.
17. If it's fine tomorrow we'll go for a walk. 18. Driver (having just changed a wheel): We'll be all right provided we don't have another puncture.
Part 2. Rewrite the following sentences replacing would like by like and making any necessary changes.
If you'd like to wait you can wait here.// you like you. can wait here or or
You can wait here if you like.
1. If you'd like a copy of the book I can get you one. (// you like I...) 2. If you'd like me to ask if there are any vacancies I will. (If you like I'll ...) 3. If you'd like to see the photographs I'll bring them round tonight. 4. If you'd like me to give you a hand I will. 5. If you'd like to watch the procession from my balcony you can. 6. If you'd like to see London from the air I'll arrange a helicopter trip for you. 7. You knitted a very nice sweater for Tom. ~ Yes, if you'd like me to knit you one I will. 8. If you'd like to borrow my car you can. 9. I'll come back and finish it tomorrow if you'd like me to. 10. If you'd like Ann to type it again I'll ask her to. 11. If you'd like an application form I'll get you one. 12. If you'd like me to go with you I will. 13. I'll paint the front door blue if you'd like that. 14. If you'd like to leave the washing-up till tomorrow you can 15. If you'd like to postpone the trip till next week we'll do that. 16. If you'd like me to ask him to our next party I will. 17. If you'd like to meet the President I will arrange it. 18. If you'd like to go sailing tomorrow we will.
10. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Conditional sentences: Type 2.
1. Of course I'm not going to give her a diamond ring. If I (give) her a diamond ring she (sell) it.
2. Tom: I woke up to find the room full of smoke; but I knew exactly what to do. Ann: If I (wake) up to find the room full of smoke I (have) no idea what to do. 3. Ann: I couldn't live without Tom. If he (go) off with another girl I (pine) away and die. But I have complete confidence in Tom. 4. Husband: But I'm not going on a diet. Why should I go on a diet?
Wife: If you (go) on a diet you (lose) weight. 5. If someone (say), "I'll give you £500 to go into court and swear that this statement is true," what you (do)? 6. If we (work) all night we (finish) in time; but we have no intention of working all night. 7. You must never blow out a gas light. Do you know what (happen) if you (blow) out a gas light? 8. If I (see) a tiger across Hyde Park I (climb) a tree. ~ That (not be) any use. The tiger (climb) after you. 9. If I (come) across two men fighting with knives I (call) the police. ~ But this a very peaceful area. 10. Ann: All your clothes are years out of date. Why don't you throw them away? Mary: Don't be ridiculous! If I (throw) my clothes away I (have) to ask my husband for £1,000 to buy new ones. 11. Ann: If you (ask) him for £1,000 what he (say)? 12. Mary: He (be) too horrified to speak at first. But when he'd recovered from the shock, he probably (start) talking about a divorce. 13. If someone (ring) my door at 3 a.m. I (be) very unwilling to open the door. 14. If I (see) a python in Piccadilly I (assume) it had escaped from a circus. 15. Tom: The plane was on fire so we baled out.
Ann: I don't think I (have) the nerve to do that even if the plane (be) on fire. 16. We train the children to file out of the classroom quietly, because if a whole class (rush) at the door someone (get) hurt. 17. Why don't you buy a season ticket? ~ Because I lose everything. If I (buy) a season ticket I (lose) it. 18. Why don't you bring your car to work? If I (have) a car I (bring) it to work. 19. Jack: They get £150 a week. Tom: They can't get £150 a week. If they (do) they (not be) striking for £120. 20. Ann: George is fourteen. Tom: He must be older than that. He's in a full-time job. If he (be) only fourteen he still (be) at school. 21. He is staying at the Savoy in London. ~ Is he very rich? ~ I suppose he is. If he (be) a poor man he (not stay) at the Savoy.
22. If I (have) heaps of money I (drink) champagne with every meal. 23. If you (drink) champagne with every meal you soon (get) tired of it. 24. Prime Minister on golf course: I'm not at all worried about the situation. If I (be) worried I not (play) golf at this moment. 25. But I don't want to buy an elephant! ~ I know that. But where you (go) if you (do) want to buy one?
26. Why don't you get a cat? If you (keep) a cat the mice (not run) about everywhere. 27. What time of year do you think it is in the picture? Summer? ~ No, it must be winter. If it (be) summer the people (not sit) round that big fire. 28. Tom: Oh yes, I heard the phone ringing.
Peter: Well, if you (hear) the phone ringing why you (not answer) it? (Be careful; this is not a true conditional sentence.} 29. Your notes are almost illegible. Why don't you type them? If you (type) them they (be) a lot easier to read. 30. If only we (have) a light! It's depressing waiting in darkness! 31. A university degree is a useful thing. If I (have) a university degree I now (sit) in a comfortable office instead of standing at a street corner selling newspapers.
32. I (be) very grateful if you kindly (sign) this document and let me have it back as soon as possible. 33. If the earth suddenly (stop) spinning we all (fly) off it. 34. Why you are so late? ~
We got stuck in a snowdrift! Luckily a lorry-driver saw us and towed us out. But for him we still (be) there! 35. We didn't exactly break down. We had a puncture. ~ But if it (be) only a puncture why you (not change) the wheel and come on? (See 28 above.) 36. I have no particular desire to win the Football Pools If I (win) an enormous sum everybody (write) to me asking for money.
11. Rewrite these sentences, using an if construction.
He smokes too much; perhaps that's why he can't get rid of
his cough. if he didn't smoke so much he might get rid of his cough or if he smoked less he might (be able to) get rid of his cough.
1. She is very shy; that's why she doesn't enjoy parties 2. He doesn't take any exercise; that's why he is so unhealthy. 3. I haven't the right change so we can't get tickets from the machine. 4. They speak French to her, not English, so her Englihs" doesn't improve. 5. He doesn't work overtime, so he doesn't earn as much as I do. 6. My number isn't in the directory so people don't ring me up 7. The police are not armed so we don't have gun battles in the streets. g. The shops don't deliver now, which makes life difficult. 9. He's very thin; perhaps that's why he feels the cold so much. 10. We haven't any matches so we can't light a fire. 11. It's a pity we haven't a steak to cook over our camp fire. 12. I'm fat; that's why I can't get through the bathroom window. 13. He doesn't help me, possibly because I never ask him for help- 14. I can't drive so we can't take the car. 15. We have no ladder so we can't get over the wall. 16. My friend advised me to sell it. (My friend said, "If I ... you I …) 17. I haven't much time so I read very little. 18. They don't clean the windows so the rooms look rather dark. 19. He never polishes his shoes, so he never looks smart. 20. He doesn't pay his staff properly; perhaps that's why they don't work well. 21. We haven't got central heating, so the house is rather cold. 22. I have no dog, so I don't like being alone in the house at night. 23. He spends hours watching television; that's why he never has time to do odd jobs in the house. 24. I haven't got a vacuum cleaner; that's why I'm so slow. 25. I don't know his address, so I can't write to him. 26. He never shaves; that's the only reason he looks unattractive. 27. You work too fast; that's why you make so many mistakes. 28. I can't park near my office; that's why I don't come by car. 29. I live a long way from the centre; that's why I am always late for work. 30. I haven't a map so I can't direct you. 31. People drive very fast. That's why there are so many accidents. 32. English people speak very quickly. Perhaps that's why I can't understand them. 33. My house is guarded by two Alsatian dogs. That's the only reason it isn't broken into every night. 34. The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone. 35. You don't wipe your feet, so you make muddy marks all over the floor. 36. I live near my office, so I don't spend much time travelling to work.
12. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses. Conditional sentences: Type 2.
1. If I had a typewriter I (type) it myself. 2. If I (know) his address I'd give it to you. 3. He (look) a lot better if he shaved more often. 4. If you (play) for lower stakes you wouldn't lose so much.
5. If he worked more slowly he (not make) so many mistakes. 6. I shouldn't drink that wine if I (be) you. 7. More tourists would come to this country if it (have) a better climate. 8. If I were sent to prison you (visit) me? 9. If someone (give) you a helicopter what would you do with it?
10. I (buy) shares in that company if I had some money. 11. If he (clean) his windscreen he'd be able to see where he was going. 12. If you drove your car into the river you (be able) to get out? 13. If you (not belong) to a union you couldn't get a job. 14. If I (win) a big prize in a lottery I'd give up my job. 15. What you (do) if you found a burglar in your house? 16. I could tell you what this means if I (know) Greek. 17. If everybody (give) f 1 we would have enough.
18. He might get fat if he (stop) smoking. 19. If he knew that it was dangerous he (not come).
20. If you (see) someone drowning what would you do? 21. I (be) ruined if I bought her everything she asked for. 22. If you slept under a mosquito net you (not be) bitten so . often.
23. I could get a job easily if (I have) a degree. 24. If she (do) her hair differently she might look quite nice. 25. If we had more rain our crops (grow) faster. 26. The whole machine would fall to pieces if you (remove) that screw. 27. I (keep) a horse if I could afford it. 28. I'd go and see him more often if he (live) on a bus route. 29. If they (ban) the sale of alcohol at football matches there might be less violence. 30. I (offer) to help if I thought I'd be any use. 31. What would you do if the lift (get) stuck between two floors? 32. If you (paint) the walls white the room would be much brighter. 33. If you (change) your job would it affect your pension? 34. If you knew you had only six weeks to live how you (spend) those six weeks? 35. You wouldn't have so much trouble with your car if you (have) it serviced regularly. 36. I'd climb over the wall if there (not be) so much broken glass on top of it.
13. Change the following sentences of real condition into sentences of unreal condition. I shall take a bus if I am in a hurry. I should take a bus if I were in a hurry.
A. 1. If the storm is over, we shall have a pleasant walk. 2. If it grows cold, they start heating the rooms. 3. He will let me know if he goes to Moscow 4. Harold will be late if he walks so slowly. 5. The dog will catch the stick if it is thrown into the river.
B. 1. If it snows, the streets will be cleared of snow. 2. If the weather keeps dry, we have to water the flowers. 3. We shall not see anything if the night is very dark 4. The child was not able to sleep if he had a high temperature. 5. The room will look warmer if the walls are painted yellow. 6. The dust and noise of the street will not reach us if the trees grow bigger.
14. Supply the correct form of the missing verbs.
1. If she ... (be) here now, she ... (give) us some advice. 2. If he ... (fail) in his present job, he ... (think) about another career. 3. If you ... (can play) a musical instrument, you ... (help) with the school orchestra. 4. It they ... (have) the right qualifications, they ... (be able to) apply for better jobs. 5. If she ... (can have) some lessons, she ... (improve) her performance. 6. If we ... (run) our own business, we ... (be) more independent. 7. If John ... (go) to his home town, he ... (visit) his mother. 8. If Susan ... (borrow) your book, she ... (return) it. 9. If Frank ... (want) advice, he ... (ask) his bank manager.
15. Put in Type 2 conditionals throughout.
LYING IN THE SUN
Two tramps, Eugene and Sergio, were lying in the sun.
E.: What (we/doing) ..., if the sun (not shining) ...?
S.: Well, (we/not be) ... lying here for a start. But that's not the important question. The important question is: What (we/do) ... if (we/be) ... rich?
E. If (we/be) ... rich, we (can/travel) everywhere.
S. True, but we travel everywhere already.
E. Yes, but not in style. If (we/have) ... money, our chauffeur, James, (can/drive) ... us round in our Rolls. Imagine, if (we/be) ... in that position! (We /return) ... to our fine mansion in the country.
S.: Yes, the butler (put out) ... fresh clothes for us, the cook (prepare) ... a fine meal for us. We ... not just be eating carrots all the time.
E.: Yes. If (we/own) ... a house like that, (we/also have) ... a fine swimming-pool.
S.: Yes! Yes! If (we/have) ... a fine swimming-pool, (we can/swim) ... as much as we liked.
E.: If (we/be) ... really really rich, (we can/lie) ... in the sun!
S.: But we are lying in the sun!
16. Fill in the blanks
Example:
Paul really wants to get a raise. If he didn't want to get a raise he wouldn't work overtime every night.
1. Timmy is afraid of the dark. If ________ he ________right now. 2. Nancy and Julie want to win the Boston Marathon. If _________,___________every day before and after work. 3. Michael's father is president of the company. If his father ________________, Michael certainly ____________________ at his boss right now. 4. Peter wants to be just like his big brother. If_______ , ____________________ every weekend. 5. My parents are away this afternoon. If______________ , ____________________ all the ice cream in the refrigerator right now. 6. I hate being the oldest child in my family. If_________ , I___________have to________________________all the time. 7. There's a police car in front of us. f________________ , I__________________so slowly right now.
17. What would you do if?
1. If I won a $1,000,000 ... 2. If I were an English teacher ... 3. If I could travel anywhere in the world ... 4. If I were President of ... 5. If I were ... year old again ... 6. If I could have any job I wanted, ... 7. If today were the last day of my life ...
18. Open the brackets.
1. If you (learn) your words well, you (not have to) be afraid of the vocabulary test. 2. If your brother (drive) more carefully, the accident (not happen). 3. If Tina (call), tell her I (ring) her back later. 4. I think life (be) very boring if we (have) nothing to do. 5. If I (live) in Australia, I (probably be) a sheep farmer. 6. The train has left. If you (get up) earlier, we (not miss) it.
7. Take my advice! If you (give up) smoking, you (feel) a lot better. 8. If you (think) this exercise was too difficult, you (have to) read the grammar rules once more.
19. Write what you would do or could do.
— if you were a king/queen, a politician, a famous sportsman/sportswoman, an excellent painter, James Bond, the head master/headmistress of your school, a baker, a bird ...
— if you had a million dollars, a motorbike, magic powers, a time machine.
20. Open the brackets.
1. Sabine: If somebody (see) us with our dictionary, they (call) us crazy.
2. Scott: I don't think it (be) so nice if adults (be) at the party.
3. Uwe: We (never learn) all these words if Sabine (not bring) her dictionary.
4. Gillian: If a teacher (tell) me all these English words, I (forget) them at once.
5. Colin: If my friend Nick (know) about all his, he (take) part in the exchange, too.
21. Finish the sentences.
If I could have a dinner with a celebrity ... If air travel were less expensive ... If everyone in the world spoke the same language ... If countries opened their borders to everyone ... If I could take six month's paid vacation starting tomorrow, ...
22. Complete the sentences following the pattern of Type 2 conditionals.
1. Perhaps he ..., if you spoke to him. 2. If you changed your job you ... 3. If you went to see a doctor he ... 4. If we bought a house in the country, we ... 5. If they came to see us in London, we ... 6. If you took the shoes back to the shop they ... 7. If you read the book a second time you ...
23. Write conditional sentences based on the given facts.
1. Since she doesn't love him, she won't marry him. 2. Our teacher explains things clearly, so we understand his lessons. 3. As I have no watch, I can't tell you the time. 4. Since I know the meaning of the word, I don't have to look it up. 5. This exercise is easy, so everyone will get the correct answers.
24. Complete the sentences following one of the pattern for conditionals of Type 2.
1. What ... if you were in my shoes? 2. If ..., I wouldn't think of changing my job. 3. How would you react if ...? 4. If only you would read more carefully ... 5. Do you think I would be telling you this if ...? 6. I wouldn't buy the picture even if ... 7. Even if he knew the truth what ...?
8. If only he would admit he was wrong ... . 9. I'd much rather you ... 10. It might only add to our difficulties if ... .
25. Write conditional sentences based on the given fact.
1. He didn't give me his number, so I couldn't telephone him. 2. As the sun was in the right direction, the photographs came out very well. 3. The shop didn't pack the goods properly, so they got damaged. 4. He didn't remember what had been said because he wasn't paying attention. 5. He wasn't able to answer all the questions, so he didn't pass the examination.
26. Write sentences beginning your conditional clause on the given fact and adding a suitable main clause.
1. He passed his examination. 2. We didn't get there on time. 3. She didn't read the book.
4. We understood what he was saying.
27. Repeat the above sentences basing your main clause on the given fact and adding a suitable conditional clause.
28. Finish the sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the one printed before it.
1. It's my opinion that you should take more exercise. If I ...2. Without his wife's constant support he would never achieved his ambition. If he ... 3. But for his presence of mind there might have been a serious accident If it ... 4. Considering all the problems it's a miracle we succeeded. If one ... 5. Without proper lessons you could pick up a lot of bad habits. If you ...
6. It would be a waste of everyone's time to discuss the question any further. It ... if we ...
7. Follow the instructions carefully and you won't have any problems. As long as ... 8. For us to have given up at that stage would have been an admission of total defeat. If we ...
29. Complete the sentences.
1. We would have flown-to California ...2. If I had read more about the history of California ...
3. We would have stayed in San Francisco longer ... 4. If I had known about the famous hydrant ... 5. We would have taken photos of all the sights ... 6. I wouldn't have been so tired when we got to Yosemite ... 7. If the adverts had said something about the noise from traffic ...
30. I think ... Practise conditional sentences.
Example: I think Maurin would have been (be) upset if she hadn't been allowed to (not be allowed to) go to the rock concert.
1. ... Sally (stay) at home, too, if Maurin (not go) to the concert. 2.... Lau (feel) happier if more children in her class (be) friendly to her. 3... Lau's parents (choose) a nicer apartment if they (have) a choice. 4. ... if Elliot (steal) the car radios, he (tell) Marvin about it. 5. ... Elliot (be sent) to prison if Marvin and Feldman (not be able to) help him. 6. ... the Chieftains against St John's if Tommy (listen) to the coach. 7. ... if Tommy (not be) so proud, he (apologize) to Mr Lawrence and the other players on the team.
31. Complete the statements.
1. Simon scored 30 points in the basketball match against Bad Essen. Simon couldn't have scored 30 points if ... If he hadn't scored 30 points, ... 2. Uwe was allowed to take part in a cookery lesson. Uwe might not have taken part in a cookery lesson if ... If he hadn't been allowed to take part in a cookery lesson, ... 3. On the coach to Longleat Marion remembered a funny story from her English book about an English family's trip to Longleat. She told her English friends the story. Marion wouldn't have remembered the story if ... If Marion hadn't remembered the story ...
32. Choose one of the following situations and write down what you would have done. Explain why you would have behaved in this way.
1. Fifteen-year-old Sue won two tickets for a trip round the world. She gave them to her grandparents. 2. Mrs Cornfield hit the dog that jumped at her and made her dress dirty.
3. John didn't take his car to the garage although he noticed that it used too much petrol.
4. Joe drove home along a lonely country road last night. At the side of the road somebody was repairing his car. Joe didn't stop, he drove on.
33. Comment on the following situations with if.
1. John ate too much birthday cake, so he was sick. 2. The house didn't burn down because the fire brigade came immediately. 3. The men were wearing protective clothing, so they were all quite safe. 4. I was sweating because it was so hot. 5. My father didn't earn much money, so life wasn't easy for us. 6. I didn't enjoy school, so I didn't do very well.
34. Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs. Use could have or might have in the main clause.
1. If I .................. (manage) to repair my car earlier, I could have driven (drive) you to London.
2. If I .................. (know) last week that she was ill, I .................. (visit) her. 3. If you ............... (not want) to drive straight home, we .................. (miss) all this traffic. 4. If you ................................. (ask) politely, I .............. ....(help) you. 5. If the weather forecast ........................ (be) different, we .....................(stay) at home. 6. We ..................... (be) at the airport for hours, if we ............(not know) that the flight was delayed. 7. I ..................... (make) a bad mistake, if I ........................ (not read) the instructions. 8. We .....................(have) an accident, if our car.................. (not be) properly serviced. 9. If he ..................... (fasten his seatbelt), he ............... (not be) hurt. 10. She ...............(not hear) the news, if she ................(not
turn on) the radio this morning. 11. If they ........................ (could see) us, they ..................
(laugh). 12. If you ........................ (tell) me you needed money, I ..................(lend) you some.
13. I ................... (save) some food for you, if I ..................... (know) you were going to be late.
14. They .................. (play) better, if they .................. (have) more training.
35. Put in Type 3 conditionals throughout.
BOTH RIGHT AND BOTH WRONG
The black car screamed round the corner on the wrong side of the road and passed a white car doing exactly the same thing in the other direction. Both drivers stopped and got out
of their cars. "If I (be) '.................. on my side of the road, you (kilt) 2............... me," driver A shouted. "But you weren't on your side of the road," driver В shouted back. "If you
(...driving) 3............... more carefully, you (not be) ..............on the wrong side of the road." "If I (know) 5 ....................what was round the corner, I (keep) 6.................. to my side 01 the road, " driver A said. "If you (know) 7.................. what was round the corner, you (...not driving) 8..................... so carelessly." Suddenly, both men stopped shouting and driver A said,
very quietly, "If we both (not be) 9........................... on the wrong side of the road, we (be) 10..................... dead now." Without speaking a further word, both men shook hands and drove away.
36. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses. Conditional sentences: Type 3.
1. If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) you. 2. The ground was very soft. But for that, my horse (win). 3. If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat. 4. You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) here last week. 5. But for his quickness I (be) killed. 6. I shouldn't have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes. 7. If he had slipped he (fall) 500 metres. 8. If he had asked you, you (accept)? 9. If I (had) a map I would have been all right. 10. If I (know) that you were coming I'd have baked a cake. 11. I (offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill. 12. If you had left that wasp alone it (not sting) you. 13. If I (realize) what a bad driver you were I wouldn't have come with you. 14. If I had realized that the traffic lights were red I (stop). 15. But for the fog we (reach) our destination ages ago. 16. If you had told me that he never paid his debts I (not lend) him the money. 17. If you (not sneeze) he wouldn't have known that we were there. 18. If you (put) some mustard in the sandwiches they would have tasted better. 19. The hens (not get) into the house if you had shut the door. 20. If he had known that the river was dangerous he (not try) to swim across it. 21. If you (speak) more slowly he might have understood you. 22. If he had known the whole story he (not be) so angry. 23. I shouldn't have eaten it if I (know) that there was ginger in it. 24. If I (try) again I think that I would have succeeded. 25. You (not get) into trouble if you had obeyed my instructions. 26. If you hadn't been in such a hurry you (not put) sugar into the sauce instead of salt.
27. If I (be) ready when he called he would have taken me with him. 28. She had a headache, otherwise she (come) with us. 29. If she had listened to my directions she (not turn) down the wrong street. 30. If you (look) at the engine for a moment you would have seen what was missing. 31. Rome (be captured) by her enemies if the geese hadn't cackled. 32. He would have been arrested if he (try) to leave the country. 33. I (take) a taxi if I had realized that it was such a long way. 34. You (save) me a lot of trouble if you had told me where you were going. 35. They would have forced their way into the house if I (not call) for help. 36. If he had put out his pipe before putting it in his pocket he (not burn) a hole in his coat.
37. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. If he (not take) his gloves off he (not get) frost bitten. 2. She was sent to prison only because she refused to pay the fine; if she (pay) the fine she (not be) sent to prison. 3. He didn't tell me that he was a vegetarian till halfway through the meal. If he (tell) me earlier I (cook) him something more suitable. 4. I had no map; that's why I got lost. If I (had) a map I (be) all right. 5. Why didn't you say that you were short of money? If I (know) I (lend) you some.
6. It's lucky he had his torch with him. If he (not have) it he (fall) down the cellar steps.
7. The job is much worse than I expected. If I (realize) how awful it was going to be I (not accept) it. 8. It was the drug, not the disease, that killed him. He would still be alive today if he (not take) that drug. 9. This room's freezing because the fire has only just been lit. ~ If it (be lit) this morning, as I suggested, the room would be warm enough to sit in now. 10. I overslept; that's why I'm half an hour late; and if my phone (not ring) at nine o'clock I might still be in bed.
11. It was rather a dull game so I left before the end; if I (wait) another five minutes I (see) Chelsea scoring a really exciting goal. 12. The paraffin heater was perfectly safe. There (not be) a fire if the children (not knock) it over. 13. It's a pity he never patented his invention. If he (patent) it he (make) a lot of money. 14. The fog came down suddenly and I suppose they didn't know which way to turn; if only they (have) a map and compass with them they (not be) drowned. 15. He asked his parents for a loan but he didn't say what he wanted the money for, so they refused. I think if he (tell) them that he wanted to open a restaurant they (agree).
16. The accident was mainly Tom's fault. He was driving much too close to the car in front. If he (be) further away he (be able) to stop in time. 17. The launching of the rocket was delayed half an hour by bad weather. If the weather (be) good they (launch) it at 8.30 instead of at 9.00.
18. Why did you throw away those newspapers? I hadn't finished with them. ~ I'm sorry. If I (know) you were still reading them I (not throw) them away. 19. I'm sorry you didn't tell me that dogs were allowed in the hotel; if I (know) I (bring) my dog. He (enjoy) the walk. 20. Most people (attend) the union meeting if they had had longer notice of it. 21. He says he refused the job, but that this was nothing to do with the salary. He (refuse) even if they (offer) him twice as much. 22. The club secretary is useless. He never tells anybody anything. We (not know) about this meeting if the chairman (not tell) us. 23. When the director asked her to play the lead she agreed though she didn't know anything about the play. I think that if she (read) the play first she (refuse) the part. 24. The burglar made quite a lot of noise getting into the house; but fortunately for him the family were watching a noisy TV play. If they (play) cards they certainly (hear) him. 25. If you had been there what you (do)? 26. It rained, which spoiled our picnic; but if it (not rain) it (be) a great success. 27. Why are you in such a bad temper? ~ Because I've been waiting for 40 minutes in an icy wind. If you (wait) 40 minutes in an icy wind you'd be bad-tempered, too. 28. You used wet sticks; that's why the fire took so long to light If you (use) dry sticks it (light) long ago. 29. I didn't recognize him at first because he was wearing dark glasses; if he (not wear) them I (recognize) him immediately. 30. You knew that horse was going to win! ~ Don't be ridiculous! If I (know) I (back) him myself. 31. Why didn't you phone from the village? ~ Because there was no phone in the village. If there (be) of course we (phone) from there. 32. When the weather got bad the climbing party turned back, all except Tom and his brothers, who decided to go on. If only they (turn) back with the others they would be alive today. 33. He was not very happy at school because he was a bookish boy, not at all interested in games. If he (play) games like the other boys he (have) a much better time.
34. We had to stand almost all the way. It was all Tom's fault. If he (book) seats, as I told him to, we (have) quite a comfortable journey. 35. We were travelling with false passports. That was the trouble. If our passports (be) all right we (not be) arrested. 36. They voted by a show of hands and decided in favour of a strike. But it was by a narrow margin and I think that if they (hold) a secret ballot there (not be) a strike.
38. Rewrite these sentences using an if construction.
You didn't tell me we had run out of bread, so I didn't buy any. If you had told me we had run out of bread I'd have bought some.
1. I didn't see the signal, so I didn't stop. 2. I didn't know your number, so I didn't ring. 3. She didn't know you were in hospital, so she didn't visit you. 4. We only came by bus because there were no taxis. 5. She didn't speak to him, possibly because she was so shy. 6. Landlord: She threatened to set fire to her flat; that's the only reason I asked her to leave. 7. We didn't visit the museum because we hadn't time. 8. I only came up the stairs because the lift wasn't working.
9. We didn't listen carefully; perhaps that's why we made this mistake. 10. We got a lift, so we reached the station in time. 11. You washed it in boiling water; that's why it shrank. 12. We missed the train because we were using an out-of-date timetable. 13. His own men deserted him; that's the only reason why he failed. 14. They were driving very quickly. That's why the accident was so terrible. 15. It was raining. That's the only reason I didn't take the children to the beach. 16. When I bought this house I didn't realize that in summer planes skimmed the roof every five minutes. (if I (knew) ... I (not buy) etc.) 17. Tom's father was on the Board. That's the only reason he got the job. 18. He wasn't looking where he was going. That's why he was run over. 19. I don't like country life, perhaps because I wasn't brought up in the country.
20. I didn't know he was so quarrelsome. I'm sorry now that I invited him. 21. It rained all the time. Perhaps that's why he didn't enjoy his visit. 22. I didn't work hard at school so I didn't get a good job when I left. 23. They used closed-circuit television. That's how-they spotted the shop-lifter. 24. They asked him to leave the dining-room because he wasn't wearing a shirt. 25. It took us a long time to find his house because the streets were not clearly marked. 26. We didn't go by air only because we hadn't enough money. 27. The bus didn't stop because you didn't put your hand up. 28. He turned up at the interview looking so disreputable and unshaven that they didn't give him the job. 29. I didn't know how thin the ice was, so I was walking on it quite confidently. 30. The champion didn't take the fight seriously at first; perhaps that's why he didn't win it. 31. They got the children back alive only because they paid ransom at once. 32. The examiner read the passage very quickly, so the candidates didn't understand it. 33. They weren't wearing life-jackets; perhaps that's why they were drowned. 34. He didn't get to the top of his profession, perhaps because his wife didn't encourage him 35. The exit doors were blocked so people couldn't escape from the burning hall. 36. The astronauts didn't walk very far on the moon because they were hampered by the thick dust.
39. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms. Conditional sentences: mixed types.
1. I've hung out the clothes. It's lovely and sunny; if it (stay) like this they (be) dry in two hours.
2. French is essential in this job. All the telephonists speak it. If they (not know) French they (not understand) half the callers. 3. How did you do in the car rally? ~ We came in last actually; but only because we got lost. If we (not got) lost we (come) in somewhere in the middle. We certainly (not be) last. 4. I wasn't really surprised that we got lost because I knew that the navigator couldn't map-read. ~ But if you (know) that why you (take) him as navigator? 5. This flat would be all right if the people above us (not be) so noisy. 6. A group of spectators, including myself, left the stand just before the end of the game. When we were half way down the stairs a goal was scored and there was a great cheer from the spectators. If there (not be) a goal the crowd (not cheer) 7. If the crowd (not cheer) we (not run) back up the stairs to see what had happened. 8. If we (not run) back we (not crash) into the rest of the spectators on their way down, and there (not be) this frightful accident. 9. If the pain (return) you'd better take another pill. 10. If you aren't going to live in the house why you (not sell) it? If I (have) a house I couldn't use I (sell) it at once. 11. No, I didn't know any Russian at that time. ~ But if you (not know) Russian why you (offer) to give him Russian lessons? ~ Because I knew that he (refuse). He always rejected my offers. 12. Tell him to bring his bicycle inside. If he (leave) it outside someone (steal) it. 13. Why do people always wear dark clothes at night? If pedestrians (wear) light coloured clothes drivers (see) them much more easily. 14. She must have loved him very much because she waited for him for fifteen years. If she (not love) him she (not wait) so long.
15. He looked so small and weak that nobody asked him to do anything. If he (look) strong he (be) expected to dig all day like everyone else. 16. The government are talking of pulling the village down to make room for an airport. ~ If they (start) doing it the village people (resist)?
17. If you are catching an early train tomorrow you (like) to have breakfast at 7.00? 18. We'll have to break the ice on the pond; otherwise the ducks (not be able) to swim. And if they (not be able) to swim they (not be able) to get food. (Use can/could forms where possible.) 19. When he left school he became a fisherman. His family didn't like it at all. They (be) much happier if he (become) a greengrocer like his father. 20. They still say that if he (go) into the green grocery business when he left school he (be) comfortably off now instead of being poor.
21. But he says that if he (have) his life again he (make) the same choice. 22. So many parcels and no baskets! If I (know) that we were going to buy so much I (bring) a basket.
23. No one bathes here. The water is heavily polluted. If you (bathe) in it you (be) ill for a fortnight. 24. I can hear the speaker all right but I wish I could see him too. ~ If he (stand) on a barrel we all (see) him and that (be) much better. 25. Look at poor Tom trying to start his car by hand again! If I (be) Tom I (get) a new battery. 26. I expect you'll see Jack at the lecture tonight. If you (do) you please (remind) him about tomorrow's meeting? 27. The headmaster decided that Peter was the culprit and expelled him from the school. A more intelligent man (realize) that Peter couldn't have been guilty. (if the headmaster had been more intelligent he ...) 28. But I blame the real culprit even more. If he (admit) his guilt Peter (not be) expelled. 29. The only thing I haven't got is a balcony. If I (have) a balcony I (grow) plants in pots. Then my flat (be) perfect! 30. Jack rang while you were out. ~ Oh dear! If I (know) he was going to ring I (stay) at home. 31. My unmarried friends are always telling me how to bring up my children. I sometimes think that if they (have) children they (make) just as many mistakes as I do. 32. (At a cinema) Ann: Don't worry. They get married in the end. Mary: Then you've seen it before! If you (tell) me that we (go) to something else! 33. Be careful about the time. If you (spend) too long on the first question you (not have) enough time to do the others properly. 34. We had a lot of trouble putting the tent up. If it (not be) so windy perhaps it (not be) quite so difficult. 35. Ann (sitting beside her open fire): I love open fires; if I (have) nothing but a radiator to sit beside I (get) quite depressed. 36. Lucy, a student at a residential college: Couldn't I leave the hostel and get a flat, mother? Mother: No, you couldn't. I know very well what (happen) if you (have) a flat. You (play) the guitar all night and (miss) your classes in the morning; then you (fail) your exams and (have) to repeat the year. And you (not feed) yourself properly and (get) run down. And then you (catch) some infection and (die) of it, and we (have) to leave this district as the neighbours (keep) saying that we had caused your death by letting you have your own way!
40. Finish the following sentences.
1. If you had a carpet on the stairs ... 2. If you should see a snake ... . 3. If I lived in the country ... . 4. If you want to get to the station in time to catch the 8.10 train ... . 5. He was sleepwalking. When I saw him going towafds the window I stopped him. If I hadn't stopped him ... . 6. She is simply terrified of rats. If she hears the rats running round your attics she ... . 7. The milk wouldn't have turned sour if ... . 8. They were completely lost and didn't know which way to turn; but for the dog ... . 9. If you took a course in computer programming ... . 10. Jack (trying to phone Peter): I can hear the phone ringing. Peter must be out. If he were in he ... . 11. If we have another puncture ... . 12. I could have walked more quickly if my suitcase ... . 13. My room would be all right if it ... . 14. If you aren't going to use the car tomorrow, ...? 15. If you don't like films why ...? 16. There were plenty of fish in the bay; if we'd had fishing lines .... 17. The hijackers threatened to kill the pilot unless he ... . 18. We'll test your voice and if it is good enough ... . 19. If buses and trains were free ... . 20. If children were allowed to do exactly as they liked in school ... . '21. I'd have taken a photograph if ... . 22. Your job sounds awful. If I were you ... . 23. If you thought he was unreliable why ...? 24. If I'd known that there was going to be an electricity strike I ... . 25. If the price of petrol goes up ... . 26. You can camp in this field provided ... . 27. Unless you isolate people with infectious diseases ... . 28. Everyone was going much too fast. The pile-up wouldn't have been nearly so terrible if the drivers ... . 29. They would have paid you more if ... . 30. If you don't boil water before you drink it ... . 31. He expected absolute punctuality. He was furious if ... . 32. If you lived on the 40th floor and there was a power strike ... . 33. We could have got seats ... . 34. Mother to little boy: If you don't eat up your nice rice pudding ... . 35. Tom (looking at his watch): We'll have to go without Peter if ... . 36. If you breathe a word of this to anybody ... .
41. Put in the right conditionals.
THE SECRET OF A LONG LIFE
Grygori Pilikian recently celebrated his 114 birthday and reporters visited him in his mountain village in Georgia to find out the secret of a long life. "The secret of a long life," Grygori said,
"is happiness. If you (be) '............ happy, you will live a long time." "Are you married?" a reporter asked. "Yes." Grygori replied. "I married my third wife when I was 102. If you are happily married, you (live) 2............... for my ever. But for my third wife, I (die) 3............ years ago." "What about smoking and drinking?" a reporter asked. "Yes, they are important," Grygori said. "Don't smoke at all and you (feel) 4............ well. Drink two glasses of wine a day and you (be). 5............... healthy and happy." "If you (can/live) 6............ your life again, what (you/do) ...............?" a reporter asked. "I would do what I have done. If I had had more sense, I (eat) &............ more yoghourt!" he chuckled. "Supposing you (can/change) 9.................. one thing in your life what (you/change) 10............?" another reporter asked "Not much," Grygori replied. "So you don't have any regrets?" "Yes, I have one regret," Grygori replied. "If I (know) ".................. I was going to live so long, I (look after) 12............... myself better!"
42. Complete the sentences.
1. If we can afford it, __________ ________ on vacation next month. 2. I'll send you a letter if_____________________the time. 3. If Tom were more careful,____________________a better driver. 4. If Susan didn't enjoy music,______________________________ to concerts every week. 5. If I had studied a little harder,_____________________________________well on yesterday's test. 6. If I _____________ ______________ a raise soon, I'll complain to my boss. 7. If Janet___________more patient, she'd get along better with her brother. 8. If you stay up too late tonight, ___________________get a good night's sleep. 9. My parents __________ ___________ disappointed if I fail this exam. 10. If you ______________ the dog more often, he wouldn't be so hungry.
43. Complete the sentences.
1. Sidney doesn't have many friends because he isn't outgoing enough. If he________more outgoing,____________a lot of friends. 2. Alan feels tired all the time because he works too hard. If he__________________so hard,_________________________so tired all the time.
3. Rita didn't enjoy her vacation because the weather wasn't warm. If the weather________________warm, she _____________ _______________her vacation.
4. Julia arrived very late because she missed the bus. If she______________the bus, she____________________ so late. 5. I'm very frustrated because I can't type fast enough.
If I______________________faster,_____________________ -__________so frustrated.
6. Ivan made a lot of mistakes because he wasn't paying attention. If he____________________________attention, he ______ ______________________so many mistakes. 7. Doris looks very confused because she doesn't understand today's grammar.
If she__________today's grammar, she_________________so confused.
44. Fill in the blanks.
1. Why didn't you tell me your parents were coming to dinner? If you_____________me your parents were coming to dinner, I would have______________some more food. And if __________________ some more food, there would have been enough for everybody to eat.
And if__________for everybody to eat, we_____________ to an expensive restaurant.
And if we _____________ to an expensive restaurant, we ______________so much money!
2. Why didn't you tell me our English class was cancelled? If__________ our English class was cancelled, I_________ to school yesterday afternoon. And if ___________ to school yesterday afternoon, I ________ at home when the TV repairman came to pick up the TV. And if I___________at home when the TV repairman came to pick up the TV, he________able to take it to his repair shop. And if the TV repairman ______________ able to take the TV to his repair shop, I'm sure he_____________fixed it. And if the TV repairman ____________ the TV, we'd be watching it right now!
45. Complete the sentences.
A. I'm afraid your grandparents didn't have a very good time when they visited us last weekend.
B. I know, and I feel terrible about it. They didn't eat anything we served them, and they were very bored and uncomfortable in our apartment.
We should have_____________________________________,
we should have_____________________________________,
and we should have___________________________________
If we______________________________________________,
if_______________________________________________,
and if______________________________________________,
I'm sure my grandparents____________a much better time.
46. Complete the sentences.
A: Why did you decide to become a musician? B.: When I was very young, my parents took me to concerts every weekend, my grandparents bought me a violin, and my mother gave me violin lessons. When I was older, I studied music in high school and college, and I sang in the school choir.
If my parents__________________________every weekend,
if my grandparents_________,__________________________,
if my mother ________________________________
if I__________________________in high school and college,
and if I_______________________________________
I________________________a musician.
47. Complete the sentences.
I'm really glad I went to the Gold Star Business School.
If _____________________ to the Gold Star Business
School, I_____________to program a computer.
And if________________________a computer,
I_______________a job at the Reliable Insurance Company.
And if I____________________ a job at the Reliable Insurance Company,
I_____________to Los Angeles on business.
And if I ________________ to Los Angeles on business, I
___________________________met your mother.
And if___________, you______________born!
48. Supply the correct form of the verb in parentheses for each of the following sentences.
1. Henry talks to his dog as if it ...............(understand) him. 2. If they had left the house earlier, they............(be; negative) so late getting to the airport that they could not check their baggage.
3. If I finish the dress before Saturday, I ............ (give) it to my sister for her birthday. 4. If I had seen the movie, I .................. (tell) you about it last night. 5. Had Bob not interfered in his sister's marital problems, there ...............(be) peace between them. 6. He would give you the money if he .................. (have) it. 7. I wish they .................. (stop) making so much noise so
that I could concentrate. 8. She would call you immediately if she ......... (need) help. 9. Had they arrived at the sale early, they ............ (find) a better selection. 10. We hope that you ............ (enjoy) the party last night. 11. If you have enough time, please ............ (paint) the chair before you leave. 12. We could go for a drive if today ............ (be) Saturday. 13. If she wins the prize, it will be because she ......... (write) very well. 14. Mike wished that the editors ............ (permit) him to copy some of their material. 15. Joel wishes that he ............... (spend) his vacation on the Gulf Coast next year. 16. I ... (accept) if they invite me to the party. 17. If your mother ...... (buy) that car for you, will you be happy? 18. If he ............ (decide) earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight. 19. Had we known your address, we......(write) you a letter. 20. If the roofer doesn't come soon, the rain ............ (leak) inside. 21. Because Rose did so poorly on the exam, she wishes that she ......... (study) harder last night. 22. My dog always wakes me up if he ............ (hear) strange noises. 23. If you ......... (see) Mary today, please ask her to call me. 24. If he ......... (get) the raise, it will be because he does a good job. 25. The teacher will not accept our work if we ...... (turn) it in late. 26. Mrs Wood always talks to her tenth-grade students as though they......... (be) adults. 27. If he had left already, he ......... (call) us. 28. If they had known him, they......... (talk) to him. 29. He would understand it if you ......... (explain) it to him more slowly. 30. I could understand the French teacher if she .........
(speak) more slowly.
49. Write conditional sentences based on the given facts.
1. He failed his examination last year, so he is taking it again in June. 2. You didn't remember to bring a cork-screw, so we can't open the bottle. 3. We missed the train, so we're waiting on this cold platform. 4. There was a very sharp frost last night, so we're able to go skating today. 5. Since you didn't take my advice, you're in a difficult position now.
50. Complete the sentences following one of the patterns for conditional of Type 3.
1. I would have enjoyed the party much more if ... . 2. It ... if the sea hadn't been so rough.
3. Would you have been able to come next Tuesday if ...? 4. If you had taken my advice ... .
5. If I had realized that you were really serious in what you said ... . 6. If it hadn't been for the fact that his father had influence ... . ink 7. If he had told me the truth in the first place ... .8. Would you have lent him the money if ...? 9. What difference would it have made, even if ... ? 10. If the fire brigade had arrived but a quarter of an hour earlier ... . 11. I'm sure she wouldn't have married him if ... .
51. Complete the sentences.
1. If only ..., you wouldn't now be in such a difficult position. 2. If ... tell him I'm out. 3. I can't understand why ..., unless he thinks we are Gods. 4. Is there any point in your coming with us if ...? 5. How ..., if you didn't know the address? 6. If ..., I shall blame you for it. 7. If you know the answer, why ...? 8. When ... supposing we left immediately? 9. How I wish ... . 10. If you really have been studying English for so long, it's about time you ... .
52. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. If you (find) a skeleton in the cellar don't mention it to anyone. 2. If you pass your examination we (have) a celebration. 3. What (happen) if I press this button? 4. I should have voted for her if I (have) a vote then. 5. If you go to Paris where you (stay)? 6. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, whicl you (choose)? 7. The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) thick. 8. If the milkman (come) tell him to leave two pints. 9 Someone (sit) on your glasses if you leave them there. 10. You would play better bridge if you (not talk) so much. 11. What I (do) if I hear the burglar alarm? 12. If you (read) the instructions carefully you wouldn't have-answered the wrong question. 13. I could repair the roof myself if I (have) a long ladder.
14. Unless they turn that radio off I (go) mad. 15. If you were made redundant what you (do)?
16. We'll have a long way to walk if we (run) out of petrol here. 17. If you shake that bottle of port it (not be) fit to drink. 18. I'll probably get lost unless he (come) with me. 19. You (not have) so many accidents if you drove more slowly. 20. If you (wear) a false beard nobody would have recognized you. 21. If she (leave) the fish there the car will get it. 22. Unless they leave a lamp beside that hole in the road somebody (fall) into it. 23. You'll get pneumonia if you (not change) your wet clothes. 24. If I had known that you couldn't eat octopus I (not buy) it. 25. If they (hang) that picture lower we would be able to see it. 26. She (be able) to walk faster if her shoes hadn't such high Is. 27. I (bring) you some beer if I had known that you were sty. 28. If you had touched that electric cable you (be) electrocuted. 29. If the story hadn't been true the newspaper (not print) it. 30. I (not buy) things on the installment system if I were you. 31. Dial 999 if you (want) Police, Ambulance, or Fire Brigade. 32. You (not be) any use to me unless you learn to type. 33. If anyone attacked me, my dog (jump) at his throat.
34. If he were in he (answer) the phone. 35. The ship would have run aground if the pilot (make) one take. 36. I shouldn't have taken your umbrella if I (know) that it ; the only one you had.
53. Finish these sentences, taking care to use the correct tenses.
1. If he had taken my advice ... 2. If you are less ... 3. We'll send for the doctor if ... 4. If she practised more ... 5. If there isn't enough wine in that bottle ... 6. If you had checked the petrol before we started ... 7. This clock wouldn't have run down if ... 8. Try on the blue one if ...
9. If these gates are locked ... 10. If we leave before breakfast ... 11. If the river rises any higher ... 12. Her life might have been saved if ... 13. If the volcano starts erupting ... 14. The grass would look better if ... 15. Unless it is a nice day ... 16. If you don't put enough stamps on a letter, the person who gets it ... 17. He would lend it to you if ... 18. Unless this hotel gets another cook ... 19. If the storm becomes worse ... 20. If your uncle sees you ... 21. If you tried to climb it without a guide ... 22. If you didn't shake the camera so much, your photographs ... 23. I'd have brought my coat ... 24. If (=as) you don't like the picture ... 25. He would have given her diamonds if ... 26. If you had asked his permission ... 27. If the fire had been noticed earlier ... 28. If you had any sense ... 29. You would have been angry if . . 30. If he had put the flowers into water at once ... 31. I should have ordered more coal if ... 32. If you leave the gate open ... 33. You will have to go to the dentist if ... 34. He would have been drowned if ... 35. If I'd had a car ... 36. If Tom rings while I'm out ...
54. Fill the gaps in the following dialogue with a suitable verb form.
Telephone conservation
1. Ann: ... I ... to Mr Wash, please? 2. Wash: Wash ... 3. Ann: Good morning, Mr Wash. This is Ann Jones of 10 Cyprus Road. .. you come and ... my windows one Saturday this month? 4 Wash: I'm afraid I .. (negative). The next six Saturdays are already booked. 5. But I ...... on Wednesday morning. 6. Ann: ... you ... very early on Wednesday? I leave at 8.15 on weekdays.
7. Wash: I ......to you by 8.30. ... that be early enough? 8. Ann: No, it ...! There ... be nobody to let you in. I ... the flat at 8.15. 9. Wash: Oh 8 15' I ... you ... 8.30' 10. Well, I suppose I ...... to you by 8.00 as you're an old customer. But I ... (negative) ... a habit of it. 11. It means ... breakfast at 6.00 and my wife ... (negative) that 12. She ... always ... to persuade me to give up window— .. as it is. She ... it's dangerous. 13. Ann: What ... she ... you ... instead? 14. Wash: Her father has a shop and she ...... me ...... in it. 15. She ... it ... be a nice steady job with regular hours. 16. And if I ... in a shop she......where I was. 17. Ann: And ... you really ... of giving it up? 18. Wash: No, I ... the life. At least, I ... it in summer. I 19. Besides, I...... bored working in a shop. 20. Well, ... Wednesday at 8.00 ... you then, Miss Jones? 21. Ann: Yes, it .. be splendid. It's very good of you ...... so ' early. 22. I ... let you in and you can ... yourself out.
23. You ... shut the door carefully after you, ... (negative interrogative) you? 24. Wash: Yes, of course I .... I always ... . Goodbye, Miss Jones.
55. Fill in the blanks.
1. Philip takes piano lessons; but he doesn't enjoy them. He wishes he______guitar lessons.
2. Jane studied French last year, and she hated it. She wishes she________________________something else. 3. Richard doesn't enjoy being single. He wishes he _____ married. 4. Mrs, Smith drives an old used car. She wishes she_____
a more reliable car. 5. By the time John got to the party, most of his friends had already left. John wishes he__________________to the party earlier. 6. My neighbour's son practises the violin every afternoon and every evening. I wish he_________________the violin so often.
7. Mario doesn't speak English very well. He wishes he ________more fluently.
8. You ate all the cookies in the cookie jar. I wish you __________________them all.
56. Fill in the blanks.
LOOKING FOR A JOB
Employment Agency
A.: I wonder if you can help me. I'm looking for a job as an English teacher.
В.: Most of our schools want their English teachers to teach more than one language. Can you teach Spanish or French?
A.: I wish ________but my Spanish and French aren't goodenough.
В.: That's too bad. If__________ speak Spanish or French, ____________ able to find a job easily. The Flower School is looking for someone to teach English and music. They want someone who knows a lot about music and can play the piano and sing.
A.: I know a lot about music and I have a very good voice, but I can't play the piano.
В.: What a shame! If ____________________________, the Flower School______________very interested in you.
A.: And the Flower School is one of the best schools in town. I wish___________play the piano.
В.: Well, the Park School is also a very fine school, and they're looking for someone to teach English and____________ . They want someone who knows a lot about______________and can_____________________________.
A.: I'm afraid I can't__________________________.
В.: That's too bad. If____________________the Park School ___________ interested in you. Maybe you should think about finding an office job. How fast can you type?
A.: Forty words a minute.
В.: I wish you________a little faster. If________GO words a minute, _________ any trouble finding a job. Wait a minute! Here's a job you might like. The reliable Insurance Company is looking for a salesperson who can travel all over the country. A.: I wish________, but I have two small children at home. В.: There must be a lot of other things you can do. Can you
_________________________________________________
A.: Not really.
В.: That's too bad, because if_______send you for an interview with the_________Company. I'm terribly sorry, but those are all the jobs I have today. I wish___________help you. Come
back in a week. Maybe I'll be able to find you something then.
A.: Thank you.
57. Fill in the blanks.
1. Did you go to the company picnic last Saturday? Yes, I did, and it was terrible. I wish I__________________ There were a lot of things I could have done that day. I wish I ___________________something else.
2. I wish more people from our department____________at the picnic. I didn't know very many people at all. If I ________ .________more people at the picnic last Saturday, I__________
.______so lonely and I_____________________so out of place.
3. Why weren't the employees from the Greenville office at the picnic? I expected them to come. If they_____________invited to the picnic, it_________________________much livelier.
4. I wish I __________ forget people's names all the time.
Can you believe it? At the picnic last Saturday, I couldn't remember Harry's wife's name, and I had met her a dozen times before! I wish I hadn't __________ her name. After all, if she
________forgotten MY name, I____________________liked it.
58. Open the brackets. Then write a conditional sentence based on each answer.
1. I wish I (can) speak several languages. 2. I wish I (have) a car. 3. She wishes her parents (approve) of her boy friend. 4. I wish I (be) older. 5. I wish you (like) pop music.
59. For each of the sentences below write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence but using the words given in brackets.
1. I would like to be rich (wish). 2. Please hurry up (wish). 3. It's very late. We really ought to be leaving (time). 4. It would be nice to know his opinion (wish). 5. Please keep it a secret for the time being (rather). 6. It's a pity that you're going away so soon (wish). 7. Would you mind not smoking at table? (rather) 8. He really should find himself a regular job (time). 9. My parents would prefer us to live in the country (rather). 10. When is weather going to improve? (high time). 11. Please stop making so much noise (wish).
60. Translate into English.
1. Я бы не интересовался этим вопросом, если бы не возрастало его значение. 2. Мы посидим в баре, пока она ходит по магазинам. 3. Если ты не будешь вести машину осторожно, ты попадешь в аварию. 4. Я бы на твоем месте не пила эту воду.
5. Мы могли бы в этом году купить телевизор, если бы ты получал больше. 6. Если бы он не был таким рассеянным, он не принял бы вас за свою сестру. 7. Алиса не купила бы эти книги, если бы она меня не любила. 8. Если бы вы приняли лекарство, вы были бы сейчас здоровы. 9. Тетя, мне жаль, что я это сделал. 10. Она жалела, что несвободна и не может поехать с ним. 11. Мы бы не пошли в ресторан, если бы знали цены. 12. При условии, что ты будешь есть меньше, ты не будешь такой полной.
61. Translate into English.
1. Если ты придешь ко мне, я покажу тебе свои снимки. 2. Майк с друзьями пошли бы в прошлое воскресенье на скачки, если бы не было дождя. 3. Твое платье сразу бы стало выглядеть лучше, если бы ты поменяла пуговицы. 4. Торт сгорел бы, если бы я не пошла на кухню. 5. Она бы вызвала врача, если бы температура была высокая. 6. Он не придет, если его жене не станет лучше. 7. Если бы я разбогатела, я бы купила шубу.
8. Если бы Кэти одевалась лучше, она бы выглядела более привлекательной. 9. Собака залает, если ты постучишь в дверь. 10. Если бы Хелен знала адрес, она бы уже пришла к этому времени. 11. Я пошлю ему телеграмму, если он завтра не приедет. 12. Костер не погас бы, если бы мы подбрасывали в него дрова.
62. Translate into English.
1. Если бы театр был ближе, мы смогли бы пойти пешком. 2. На вашем месте я бы всегда разговаривал по-английски. 3. Если бы она его не любила, она не поехала бы с ним на север после окончания института. 4. Если бы ни Вы, я бы никогда не выполнил эту работу вовремя. 5. Вы не забыли бы тогда книгу, если бы не торопились домой.
6. Вам следовало бы сказать ему правду У вас не было бы таких неприятностей. 7. Если бы мы не были знакомы, он не пригласил бы нас на вечер. 8 Если бы сейчас шел дождь, я бы остался дома. 9 Если бы вы выписали свои ошибки, вы бы не сделали их вчера. 10. Вы бы не опоздали на поезд, если бы взяли такси.
63. Translate into English.
1. Если завтра будет хорошая погода, мы пойдем на пляж. 2. Если я увижу Анну, я ее попрошу вам позвонить. 3. Я загляну позже, если будут какие-нибудь новости. 4. Если бы люди более осторожно водили машины, было бы меньше несчастных случаев. 5. Если бы вы ложились спать раньше, вы не чувствовали бы себя таким усталым. 6. Если бы у меня было достаточно времени, я полетел бы в Сан Франциско. 7. Если бы я ее хорошо знал, я позвонил бы ей домой. 8. Если бы у меня было 50.000 долларов, я смог бы совершить кругосветное путешествие. 9. Если бы Борис лучше знал английский, он смог бы получить хорошую работу. 10. Если бы Борис знал английский, он получил бы хорошую работу. 11. Если бы я был на вашем месте, я стал бы изучать компьютерное дело. 12. Если бы Смиты меня пригласили, я пошел бы на вчерашнюю вечеринку. 13. Если бы мне был известен ваш адрес, я бы вам написал. 14. Если бы я получил повышение жалования, я не искал бы другой работы. 15. Если бы вчера вечером не шел дождь, мы пошли бы к нашим друзьям. 16. Если бы прошлым летом у меня был автомобиль, я ездил бы на пляж каждое воскресенье. 17. Если бы Джордж пришел вовремя, он смог бы мне помочь. 18. Если бы вы знали, что пойдет дождь, вам следовало бы взять с собой зонтик. 19. Если бы вы не позвонили Джиму, все было бы в порядке. 20. Если бы я был там, я бы помог ему. 21. Будь я там, я бы помог ему.
Infinitive.
Gerund.
Participle
1. Arrange the words under the lines into sentences. Add necessary words.
Woman: easy/ be honest/isn't/. - I/begin/don't/know how/. - don't want/hurt you/I/. - afraid/say this/I'm/.
" No, no! tell you/is/wrong/. - not/better/know/it's.
Man: But impossible/go on this way/is/. - any longer/wait/refuse/I/. - find out/ intend/I/!
2. Write to or X (no word) in each blank.
Woman: Oh, darling, you must______________believe me! I could never_________love anyone else but you. Man: Linda, I'm sorry ______ have _____ say this, but I can't ______ believe you any more. You used ____ be here ._____ in my arms _______ every night. Now I'm lucky ______ see you once a week. I drove around all night_____find уou I must______know the truth! I'll______do anything know! W.: What are you trying _________ say? You don't really
_________think that I'm seeing another man, do you? M.: I don't ________ know any more. I'm too confused ______think. I just needed______know ... W.: It ... it's hard______tell you this, but ... Are you ready ______ hear everything? You'd better ______ sit down. There's so much_______say ...
3. Complete the following sentences with the past simple or the present perfect of the infinitives given in brackets.
A. 1. You (to read) "Oliver Twist"? 2. You (to read) it last year? 3. Peter already (to leave) 4. He (to leave) an hour ago.. 5. Mother (to buy) a new bag. 6. She (to buy) it the other day.
7. We (to cross) the bridge early this morning 8. We never (to cross) it before 9. You (to find) it? 10. When you (to find) the key? 11. I (to hear) these records. 12. I (to hear) them last year.
B. 1. The artist (to draw) lots of pictures last year. 2. They (not to plant) the young apple-tree yet. 3. What he (to say) when you told him about our success? 4. You (to meet) them last week?. 5. He already (to finish) his homework. 6. Tom (see) us at the theatre the other day. 7. You (to be) here since autumn? 8. Ruta (to show) good results in her work 9. She (to work) here for three years. 10. The boys often (to play) together when they were small. 11. Comrade Ozols (to teach) you chemistry last year? 12. He never (to tell) us stories. 13. Aina already (to come)? 14. We (to post) several letters today. 15. Tom (to bring) some interesting photographs last time.
C. 1. Harry (to make) a rocket model. 2. When I (to go) to the seaside I (to take) the newspapers with me. 3. You ever (to draw) a watercolour? 4. Mother already (to hear) the latest news? 5. They (to sing) any English songs at the party last Saturday? 6. I hope you (to get) the tickets. 7. Our penfriends (not to write) to us since last month 8. You (to feel) like that before! 9. We (not to go) to the cinema yesterday. 10. We (to listen) to everything Father said at breakfast. 11. He (not to eat) anything since morning. 12. You (to know) each other long? 13. If you (to do) everything, you will be allowed to go. 14. They (to build) that house last year? 15. We (to pay) the rent this month.
4 Use the present perfect instead of the past simple, changing the adverbial modifiers accordingly.
I. Did Andris Roze become a doctor in 1969? 2. Three months ago Tom went to work in a laboratory. 3. We heard the broadcast the other day 4. I saw Helen walking to the bank the day before. 5. Ivan graduated from the institute five years ago. 6. She tidied her room this morning. 7. Martin put on his blue sweater when he went skiing 8. I didn't buy any sweets yesterday.
5. Use the correct form of the verb in parentheses in each of the following sentences.
1. The teacher made Juan_________(leave) the room. 2. Toshiko had her car__________(repair) by a mechanic. 3. Ellen got Maria--------------(type) her paper.
4. I made Jane________(call) her friend on the telephone. 5. We got our house_______(paint) last week. 6. Dr. Byrol is having the students _______ (write) a composition. 7. The policeman made the suspect _________ (lie) on the ground. 8. Mark got his transcripts __________ (send) to the university. 9. Marie is getting her hair_______(cut) tomorrow. 10. We will have to get the Dean_____(sign) this form. II. The teacher let Al_____(leave) the classroom.
12. Maria got Ed_______(wash) the pipettes. 13. She always has her car____(fix) by the same mechanic. 14. Gene got his book ________ (publish) by a subsidiary publisher. 15. We have to help Janet____________(find) her keys.
6. Put in the correct forms of the verbs.
ONE CUBE OR TWO?
When we were at school as children we were (make)/wear) … indoor shoes inside the school building. The teachers would never (let us/wear) ... our outdoor shoes at all and they (make us/change) ... in the changing rooms from the moment we entered the building. I'd never known teachers (be) ... more strict about any other school rule. The trouble was that my indoor shoes really (make me/suffer)... because they were so tight. ("Let/expand) ... our shoes!" a fellow sufferer suggested. He had had a brilliant idea. We put plastic bags inside our shoes and poured water into the bags. We sealed the bags carefully and put our shoes into the freezer. Of course the ice (make the shoes/expand) ... and they were a pleasure to wear. This clever idea (help me/get) ... through my schooldays with less discomfort and I have never forgotten it.
7. Join or rewrite the sentences below using the words given.
1. I found this book. The librarian helped me. The librarian ............... 2. I have to fill in this job application form. Can you help me? Can you ............ 3. You mustn't worry so much. I can help you. I can help ............ 4. People know him to be a very generous man. He ............ 5. He's a ruthless businessman. He is known for that. He's known............ 6. She's never on time. I've never known .........
8. Insert to where necessary before the infinitives in brackets.
1. He made me (do) it all over again. 2. She can (sing) quite well. 3. He will be able (swim) very soon. 4. I used (live) in a caravan. 5. You ought (go) today. It may (rain) tomorrow. 6. You needn't (say) anything. Just nod your head and he will (understand). 7. I want (see) the house where our president was born. 8. He made her (repeat) the message. 9. May I (use) your phone? 10. You needn't (ask) for permission; you can (use) it whenever you like. 11. If you want (get) there before dark you should (start) at once. 12. I couldn't (remember) his address.
13. You'll be able (do) it yourself when you are older. 14. Would you like (go) now or shall we (wait) till the end? 15. They won't let us (leave) the Customs shed till our luggage has been examined. 16. How dare you (open) my letters! 17. He didn't dare (argue) with his boss. 18. I used (smoke) forty cigarettes a day. 19. Will you help me (move) the bookcase? 20. He wouldn't let my baby (play) with his gold watch. 21. They refused (accept) the bribe. 22. He is expected (arrive) in a few days. 23. Please let me (know) your decision as soon as possible.
24. He made us (wait) for hours. 25. Could you (tell) me the time, please? 26. We must (send) him a telegram. 27. I let him (go) early as he wanted (meet) his wife. 28. Where would you like (have) lunch? 29. You can (leave) your dog with us if you don't (want) (take) him with you.
30. I'd like him (go) to a university but I can't (make) him (go). 31. We could (go) to a concert, unless you'd prefer (visit) a museum. 32. You seem (know) this area very well.~ Yes, I used ( live) here. 33. The kidnappers told the parents (not inform) the police, and the parents didn't dare (disobey). 34. Need I (come)? I'd much rather (stay) at home. 35. You can (take) a horse to water but you can't (make) him (drink), (proverty) 36. I'm sorry (disappoint) you but I can't (let) you (have) any more money till the end of the mont .
9. Insert to where necessary before the infinitives in brackets. (In some of the sentences a present participle could be used instead of an infinitive. These alternatives will be noted in the key.)
1. It is easy (be) wise after the event. 2. Do you (wish) (make) a complaint? 3. We don't (want) anybody (know) that we are here. 4 If you can't (remember) his number you'd better (look) it up
5 I want her (learn) Esperanto, I think everybody ought to (know) it. 6. He is said (be) the best surgeon in the country. 7. Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals. 8. Could I (see) Mr Pitt, please?- I'm afraid Mr Pitt isn't in. Would you like (speak) to his secretary? 9. It's better (travel) hopefully than (arrive), (proverb) 10. He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't you had better (show) him. 11. He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt. 12. I heard the door (open) and saw a shadow (move) across the floor. 13. He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother 14. As we seem (have missed) the train we may as well (go) back to the house. 15 I felt the house (shake) with the explosion. 16. He told me (try) (come) early. 17. Before he let us (go) he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what we had seen. 18. Would you (like) (come) in my car? ~ No, thanks, I'd rather (walk). 19. I advised him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off. 20. It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) it under your bed in an old stocking. 21. He doesn't even bother (read) letters, let alone (answei) them. 22. The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them ho\\ (open) the safe. 23. If you knew he was wrong, why didn't you (say) something? ~ I didn't like (say) anything because he always gets angry i you contradict him. 24. It's better (be) sure than sorry. 25. What do you (want) me (tell) him? ~ Tell him that any time he cares (call) I shall be delightet (discuss) the matter with him. 26. Did you remember (give) him the money? ~ No, I didn't, I still have it in my pocket; but I'll (see) him tonight and I promise (not forget) this time.
27. I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes. 28. That is far too heavy for one person (carry); let me (help) you. 29. I was afraid (pick) up the revolver as I don't know how (handle) firearms. 30. I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames.
31. There is nothing (do) but (wait) till somebody comes (let) us out. 32. He heard a rooster (crow) in a neighbouring village. 33. You may as well (tell) us the truth. It will (be) easy (check) your story 34. The American said he had seen nine presidents (come) and (go). ~ He must (be) a very old man. 35. It is up to you (learn) the laws of your own country. 36. Would you rather (be) more stupid than you look or (look) more stupid than you are?
10. In each of the following pairs of sentences an infinitive used in the first sentence is repeated in the second. Read the sentences, expressing this second infinitive by to only. Note that where the second infinitive has an object, this word/phrase must be omitted.
Why didn't you tell me truth the first time? ~ I meant to tell you the truth but I was too frightened.
I meant to but I was too frightened.
1. Did you visit the Pyramids? ~ No, I wanted to visit them but there wasn't time. 2. Why do you wear dark glasses? ~ I have to wear them; I have weak eyes. 3. Do you smoke? ~ No, I used to smoke but I don't now. 4. Would you like to go to the theatre tonight? Yes, I'd love to go to the theatre. 5. Why didn't you pay the bill for him? ~ I offered to pay it but he refused. 6. Have you put the car in the garage? ~ No, but I'm just going to put it there. 7. I want you two to apologize to each other. ~ Well, I am willing to apologize if he apologizes first. 8. Did you reserve seats on the train? ~ No, I tried to reserve them but they had all been booked already. 9. Did you answer the letter? ~ No, I intended to answer it but I'm afraid I forgot. 10. Why didn't you hit him? I was afraid to hit him. 11. I'd love to spend a night in a haunted room. ~ I'd hate to spend a night in a haunted room. 12. Why didn't you ask your father for the money? ~ I didn't like to ask him. 13. Did you get a chance to fly the aeroplane yourself? ~ No, I wanted to fly it but the pilot wouldn't let me. 14. Why doesn't he punish his boys when they disobey him? ~ He often threatens to punish them but he never actually does so 15. Why didn't he repair the car himself? ~ He wasn't able to repair it. 16. I used to drink whisky with my meals. ~ I used to drink whisky with my meals also but I don't now. 17. Did you buy sausages? ~ No, I meant to buy them but I forgot. 18. Why doesn't he try again? ~ He doesn't want to try again. 19. You should visit the Prado when you are in Madrid. ~ Yes, I intend to visit it. 20. Why doesn't he play games? ~
His mother doesn't want him to play games. 21. You ought to stop work now. ~ Yes, I am just going to stop. 22. Why do some jockeys carry extra weights? ~ They are obliged to carry them by the regulations. 23. Did he help you? ~ No, I asked him to help me but he said he hadn't time. 24. You should have thanked her before you left. ~ I meant to thank her but when I was going I couldn't find her anywhere. 25. Why did she put parsley in the soup? ~ I told her to put it in. 26. Why didn't he report it to the police? ~ He was afraid to report it. He didn't think they'd believe him. 27. Why did he drive so fast? ~ He had to drive fast; otherwise he'd have missed his train. 28. You used to like rice pudding. ~ Yes, I know I used to like it but I don't now. 29. Why didn't you buy the car? ~ I was advised not to buy it. 30. I hope the children won't go near the water. ~ I warned them not to go near it. 31. Why are we trying to get planning permission? ~ We have to get planning permission. It is the law. 32. I meant to work hard. ~ I know you meant to work hard but you didn't. 33. Do the boys tidy their own rooms? ~ They are supposed to tidy them but they don't always. 34. Why didn't he call the police? ~ He wasn't able to call them. His telephone line had been cut. 35. Why did you move your car? ~ The policeman told me to move it. 36. Why did you bring your mother-in-law? I particularly asked you not to bring her.
11. Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using tool enough with infinitive.
It is very cold. We can't go out. It is too cold for us to go out. He is strong. He can carry it.
He is strong enough to carry it.
Rewrite numbers 3, 20, and 35 using so ... as with infinitive. (enough with infinitive could also be used here, while so ... as could replace enough in numbers 9, 24, and 29. These alternatives are given in the key.)
1. You are very young. You can't have a front-door key. 2. It is very cold. We can't bathe. 3. Would you be very kind and answer this letter by return? 4. I am rather old. I can't wear that kind of hat. 5. The ladder wasn't very long. It didn't reach the window. 6. He hadn't much money. He couldn't live on it. (Omit it.) 7. He was furious. He couldn't speak. 8. The fire isn't very hot. It won't boil a kettle. 9. Tom was very foolish. He told lies to the police. 10. You are quite thin. You could slip between the bars. 11. He is very ill. He can't eat anything. 12. Our new car is very wide. It won't get through those gates. 13. The floor wasn't strong. We couldn't dance on it. (Omit it.) 14. I was terrified. I couldn't move. 15. The bull isn't big. He couldn't harm you. 16. The coffee isn't strong. It won't keep us awake. 17. The river is deep. We can't wade it (Omit it.) 18. He is lazy. He won't get up early. 19. He won't get up early so he never catches the fast train. 20. Would you be very good and forward my letters while I am away? 21. The ice is quite thick. We can walk on it. (Omit it.) 22. He was very drunk. He couldn't answer my question. 23. It is very cold. We can't have breakfast in the garden. 24. He was extremely rash. He set off up the mountain in a thick fog. 25. We aren't very high. We can't see the summit.
26. You aren't very old. You can't understand these things. 27. He was very snobbish. He wouldn't talk to any of us. 28. The package is very thick. I can't push it through the letterbox. (Omit it.) 29. She was very mean. She never gave to charity. 30. He is very impatient. He never listens to anyone. 31. I was very tired. I couldn't walk any further. 32. It's not very dark. We can't see the stars clearly. 33. It was very hot. You could fry an egg on the pavement.
34. The oranges were very bitter. We couldn't eat them. (Omit them.) 35. Would you be very kind and turn down the radio a little? 36. He is very selfish. He wouldn't put himself out for anyone.
12. Replace the group of words in italics by an infinitive or an infinitive construction.
It is important that he should understand this. It is important for him to understand this. He was the first man who arrived. He was the first man to arrive.
1. The captain was the last man who left the ship. 2. He got to the top and was very disappointed when he found that someone else had reached it first. 3. The committee have decided to send you to Paris. (You (go) to Paris, omit The committee have decided to send.)
4. Would you be very kind and lend me your umbrella? 5. There are a lot of sheets that need mending. 6. I was astonished when I heard that he had left the country. 7. It is better that he should hear it from you. 8. I was rude to him, which was stupid. (It was stupid ...) 9. If he had another child with whom he could play he would be happier. 10. It is necessary that everyone should know the truth. 11. There was no place where we could sit. 12. He put his hand into his pocket and was astonished when he found that his wallet wasn't there. 13. He rushed into the burning house, which was very brave of him. (It was very brave ...) 14. I can't go to the party; I have nothing that I can wear. 15. // is expected that he will broadcast a statement tonight. (He is expected ...) 16. I want a kitchen where (=in which) I can cook. 17. He reached the station exhausted and was very disappointed when he learnt that the train had just left.
18. Haven't you anything with which you could open it? 19. It seems that the crime was committed by a left-handed man (The crime seems ... Use perfect infinitive passive.)
20. Is it likely that he will arrive before six? (Is he ...) 21. I was on the point of leaving the house when the phone rang. 22. This is the plan: someone will meet you at the station ... (You .. (be met) at the station) 23. She is anxious that they should have every possible advantage.
24. It is said that he was a brilliant scientist. (He is said ...) 25. The strikers decided that the strike should continue. 26. Would you be very kind and translate this for me? 27. It is advisable that we should leave the house separately. 28. You signed the document without reading it, which was very stupid. (It was stupid ...) 29. It is said that she has a frightful temper. (She...)
30. He was the first man who swam the Channel. 31. They believe that he is honest. (He ...)
32. It appears that he was killed with a blunt instrument. (He appears ... Use passive infinitive.)
33. He was the only one who realized the danger. 34. It is said that the earth was originally part of the sun. (The earth ...) 35. He took out his spare wheel and was very disappointed when he discovered that that tyre was also punctured. 36. It is said that the murderer is hiding in the woods near your house.
13. Use the perfect infinitive of the verb in italics with the appropriate auxiliary verb. Phrases in bold type should not be repeated, but their meaning should be expressed by the auxiliary + perfect infinitive.
It is possible that he telephoned while we were out. He may have telephoned while we were out.
You (thank) him for his present but you didn't. You should have thanked him for his present.
1. I realized that my house was on fire.~ That (be) a terrible moment. 2. I saw a ghost last night. ~ You (not see) a ghost; there aren't any ghosts. You (dream) it. 3. It is possible that a child broke the window. 4. You carried it yourself, which was not necessary. , 5. I've had a toothache for two days. ~ You (go) to the dentist when it started. 6. There (be) motor-cycle races on the sands but as it is so wet they have been cancelled. 7. As I was standing in the hall your dog bit me. ~ It (not be) my dog; he was with me all day. It (be) my brother's dog. 8. I feel terribly ill today. ~ You (not eat) those mushrooms yesterday. Mushrooms don't agree with you. 9. I wonder why he didn't answer? ~ Possibly he didn't understand the question. 10. I gave him a tip, which was not necessary. 11. The prisoner (escape) this way, for here are his footprints. 12. You lied to him, which was wrong. 13. I didn't recognize the voice at the other end of the line. ~ It (be) my elder sister; she is often at home at that time. It
(not be) my youngest sister as she is abroad. 14. Someone (cook) a meal here lately; the stove is still hot. 15. I've brought my own sandwiches. ~ You (not bring) them. I have enough for two.
16. The burglar went straight to the safe although It was hidden behind a picture. ~ Someone (tell) him where it was. 17. The president (unveil) the statue, but he is ill so his wife is doing it instead. 18. The plane is late; I wonder what has happened? ~ Possibly it was delayed by fog.
19. I have never met him. ~ You (meet) him; he lives next door to you. 20. I (do) it. (It was my duty to do it, but I didn't.) 21. He (not catch) the 9.20 train because he didn't leave home till 9.25. 22. I opened it, which was unnecessary. 23. The police were here while we were out. ~ Someone (betray) us. 24. I drove at 80 miles an hour, which was wrong. 25. When I was your age I (climb) that mountain, (but I didn't). 26. If a policeman had seen me climbing through your window he (ask) me what I was doing. 27. He said that censorship of news was ridiculous and it (abolish) years ago. (passive verb) 28. You boiled so many eggs; but there are only four of us. 29. She (play) the chief part in the film, but she quarrelled with the director, so he engaged someone else. 30. This poem (be) written by Keats, but I am not certain. 31. He (take) off his hat in the theatre, (but he didn't). 32. People used to walk twenty miles to do their shopping. ~ They (have) a lot of energy in those days. 33. One day he went for a walk up a mountain and never came back. ~ He (fall) over a precipice. 34. I just pressed lightly on the pane and my hand went through. ~ The glass (be) very thin. 35. You translated it into French, which wasn't necessary. 36. You looked at the new moon through glass. It is most unlucky.
14. Instructions: as for exercise 13, but where two verbs in italics are placed side by side, put the second verb into the perfect infinitive and the first into an appropriate tense.
This palace (say) (build) in three years.
This palace is said to have been built in three years.
1. She (marry) my brother but she was killed in a plane crash a month before the wedding date. 2. You repeated it, which was unnecessary. 3. There (seem) (be) a fight here. Everything is smashed to bits. 4. We (set) out today, but the weather is so bad that we decided to postpone our start till tomorrow. 5. I thought they were mushrooms. ~ You (not eat) them unless you were sure. They (be) poisonous. 6. He learnt the language in six months. ~ He (work) very hard. 7. I brought my umbrella, which was unnecessary. 8. I (like) (bathe) but there wasn't time. 9. I've forgotten the address. I (write) it down (but I didn't). 10. If I'd known your house was so cold I (not come). 11. You (tell) me you were going camping! If I'd known I (go) with you. ~ But it rained all the time. You (not like) that, would you? 12. Who gave you my address? ~ I don't remember. It (be) Tom. ~ It (not be) Tom; he doesn't know it. 13. You bought flowers but we have plenty in the garden. 14. After two years of his teaching she knew absolutely nothing. ~ He (not be) a good teacher. 15. My sister has just come back from abroad. She (seem) (enjoy) her trip very much. 16. Life (be) very uncomfortable in the Stone Age. 17. You (stand) still when you were being photographed, (but you didn't). 18. I (go) to a foreign university but the war prevented it. 19. I (like) (photograph) it but I had no more film.
20. There (be) a bad accident here. Look at all the broken glass. 21. It is possible that prehistoric cave drawings were connected with religion. 22. I have been driving for 20 years. ~
You (not drive) for 20 years. You are only 30 now. 23. It (take) years to dig the Suez Canal.
24. He walked past me without speaking. ~ He (not recognize) you. He is very short-sighted.
25. I (like) (go) to the match but the tickets were all sold. 26. He says he saw you at the theatre yesterday. ~ He (not see) me. I wasn't there. 27. This picture may be a fake; on the other hand it (be) painted by one of the Dutch masters. 28. It is possible that the fire in the ship was started by a bomb. 29. She walked 300 miles, carrying her child. ~ She (have) great courage.
30. It is possible that he (read) it in papers. ~ He (not read) it. He can't read. Someone (tell) him. 31. I told them to meet me under the clock but they didn't turn up. Perhaps they were waiting under the wrong clock. There are two in the station. 32. He told me his name was Johnson. ~ You (mishear) him. His name is Jones. 33. I said that I couldn't find my pen and he said that perhaps somebody had borrowed it. 34. I (like) (ask) a question but I was sitting so far back that I didn't think I'd be heard. 35. There (be) a fort here at one time. You can see where the foundations were. 36. The dinosaur (be said) (be) rather a stupid animal.
15. Fill in the blanks using gerund and prepositions.
1. Alice isn't interested in (look)__________for a new job. 2. Henry is excited (leave)______________for India. 3. You are capable (do)_________________a better job.
4. I have no excuse (be)_________late. 5. I'm accustomed (have)__________a big breakfast.
6. The rain prevented us (complete)________the work. 7. Fred is always complaining (have)_______a headache. 8. Instead (study) _______, Margaret went to a ball game with some of her friends. 9. Thank you (help)_______me carry the packages to the post office.
10. Mrs Grant insisted (know)_______the whole truth. 11. He showed us how to get to his house (draw)________ a map. 12. You should take advantage (go, not)_____to class yesterday. 13. Everyone in the neighbourhood participated (look) ____ for the lost child.
14. I apologized to Diane (make)________her wait for me. 15. The weather is terrible tonight. I don't blame you (want, not)__________to go to the meeting 16. Who is responsible (wash) ________ and (dry) ______ the dishes after dinner? 17. In addition (go) ________ school full time, Sam has a part-time job. 18. The angry look on his face stopped me (speak) _______
my mind. 19. Where should we go for dinner tonight? Would you object (go)____________to an Italian restaurant? 20. The mayor made another public statement for the purpose (clarify)___________the new tax proposal. 21. The thief was accused (steal) ____________ a woman's purse. 22. The jury found Mr. Adams guilty (take) _________ money from the company he worked for and (keep) __________ it for himself. 23. Bill isn't used (wear)__________a suit tie every day.
16. Finish the sentences.
1. Ken went to bed instead of finishing his work, (finish). 2. I thanked her________(lend).
3. I'm excited_________(go). 4. I'm not accustomed__________(live). 5. He didn't feel well. He complained_______(have). 6. I don't blame you__________(want, not). 7. I have a good reason_______(be). 8. It's getting late. I'm worried______(miss). 9. I'm interested_____(go).
10. I apologized to my friend______________(be). 11. I am/am not used________________(drive). 12. Nothing can stop me____________________(go).
13. In that office, who is responsible_____________(take care of).
17. Finish the sentences using by+gerund phrase.
1. Pat turned off the tape recorder________. 2. We show people we are happy__________
3. We decided who should get the last piece of pie________ 4. I found out what "quench" means____ 5. Tony improved his listening comprehension skills 6. Alex caught my attention_________ 7. They got rid of the rats in the building___ 8. My dog shows me she is happy____ 9. He accidentally electrocuted himself_____.
18. Make up sentences using gerund.
1. I'm tired-discuss-
grades with my friend because talk-grades-be boring
2. Sometimes pupils don't
like-go-school »» they-afraid-write-a test
3. I don't think-copy-
your homework from there-danger-copy-
a friend-always-good idea »» something wrong
4. Some pupils don't enjoy-
play-football »» they hate-run-after a ball
5. I've started-learn-ano-
ther foreign language »» speak-several languages-
fun
19. Complete the sentences with gerund
1. The night after Brucel's concert, Maureen (dream/go) to another concert at the Garden.
2. It upsets Mr Mitchell when Marvin (talk/drop) out of school.
3. Some of Ellrod's friends aren't very good at school, but they (be good/play) music and basketball. 4. At the beginning Tommy was so confident that he (not think/apologize) to Deblie.
5. After the chieftains had won some games again, Steve (be proud/be) captain.
6. Long before the Europeans came to America, many Indian tribes (be good/farm) the land.
20. Write the verb phrase in the appropriate tense putting the two verbs in parentheses in correct order, include gerund.
Martin was pleased when his American friend, Keith, invited him to a dinner party on Friday night. Immediately, he _____ (plan, begin) for the party. He_______(bring, like) gifts to people, so he asked his roommate Kevin, for suggestion. Kevin _________ (take, suggest) a bottle of wine. But Martin didn't drink wine, so he bought Keith a new stereocassette player for his car. Kevin_______(advise, wear) casual clothes to the party, but Martin________(prefer, wear) his best suit & tie. When Friday night arrived, Martin__________(start, get).
21. Complete the sentences with the missing particles or . ' prepositions and gerund. Choose from these verbs:
get, take, be, send, try, give, buy, do.
It is February 14. Michael has received flowers. The card says "From a Secret Admirer."
M.: (to himself) Red roses! There're beautiful! I bet they're from Janet. It's so nice of her to think_____________________ flowers on Valentine's Day. I'll call her. (He dials Janet's number. The phone rings.)
I.: Hello.
M.: Hi, Janet. It's Mike. I just wanted to thank you_______ so romantic. I've often dreamed _______________ roses from a woman. I can always count_____your_______something nice.
I.: Roses? I ... uh ... don't believe_______men gifts. I object ___________women_________the first step in a relationship. (She hangs up.)
M.: (to himself) Hmmm ... she doesn't admit _________the flowers. Then who sent them? I can't give____to find out. (He dials the phone. A woman answers it.)
M.: Hello, Betty. It's Mike. I just wanted to thank you for the flowers......
22. Complete the sentences with the missing preposition and gerunds. Use the verb in parentheses.
Children are always happy___________ (celebrate) holidays, but most American children get specially excited _______ (get) ready for Halloween. Every year in October, children, who usually hate to go to the market begin to get interested ________ (shop). They are eager to pick out a costume and a pumpkin. Adults who are good ____________ (carve) pumpkins cut happy or sad faces in them. With lighted candles in them, the pumpkins become Jack - O' - lanterns, symbols of Halloween. g On October 31, children go trick — or — treating. They clever seem to get tired______(run) from house to house to fill their bags with candy. Little children are sometimes afraid ______(go) out on Halloween because of the ghosts and monsters on the streets. Their parents are often worried_____(save)
their children's teeth from all those sweets.
23. Complete the sentences with the gerund form of a suitable verb.
1. The newspaper's financial editor advised his reader not to buy speculative snares unless they were prepared to risk ... their money. 2. This room will look very cheerful once you're finished ... it 3. I wish you wouldn't keep ... me what I already know all too well. 4. It is difficult to see how the company can avoid ... another loss this year. 5. It was so ridiculous that I couldn't resist ... outright. 6. The secretary asked if I would mind ... for a few minutes.
7. The way to learn a language is to practise ... it as often as possible. 8. Everyone said how much they had enjoyed ... to the speech. 9. When you've finished the book you can tell me if it's worth ... 10. He was very lucky to escape ... (passive) to prison. 11. You should stop ... about the examinations. „ 12. She was so upset that she couldn't help ... 13. The job will entail your ... to different parts of the country, often at short notice. 14. The teacher said he wouldn't tolerate my ... late every day. 15. The question is so trivial, it hardly justifies our ... up any more time discussing it.
24. Complete the sentences using the gerund form of a suitable verb. To functions as a preposition in every case. Note that the "perfect" form is required in some sentences.
1. The Prime Minister said he was looking forward to ... the US President. 2. He should be accustomed by now to ... English food 3. The policeman couldn't swear to ... the accused man at the scene of the crime. 4. Do you think your father would object to ... ? 5. He said he wasn't used to ... in public. 6. Having almost run out of money we were reduced to ... in a cheap hotel. 7. He tried to limit himself to ... ten cigarettes a day.
8. Manufacturers were asked to devote all their energies to ... exports. 9. We aren't going. My wife doesn't feel like to so far. 10. The committee could see no alternative to ... thee plan in its original form.
25. For each of the following sentences write -another sentence as similar as possible in meaning using the verb in brackets together with a preposition atnd gerund.
1. The customer said that the cashier had tried to overcharge her (accuse). 2. Many people pass their driving test only at the second attempt (succeed). 3. Concert-goes are asked not to smoke in the auditorium (refrain). 4. The solicitor talked his client out of taking leg al action (dissuade). 5. If a customer gets poor service, you can't say it 's wrong of him to make a fuss (blame). 6. The hijackers wouldn't let the passengers leave tthe plane (prevent). 7. The student said he was sorry that he had missed the previous lesson (apologize). 8. Visitors to the Zoo are not allowed to feed the animals (prohibit) 9. Despite my obvious lack of interest the party bone said he had to tell me the rest of his story, (insists). 10. The police think that the owner of the store started the fire himself (suspect).
26. Complete the sentences using gerunds.
1. My doctor advised me to give up ... 2. We had to put off ... 3. That company specializes in ... 4. The judge was accused of ... 5. Many people get a great deal of satisfaction from ... 6. I told him not to bother about ... 7. The teacher decided against ... 8. On ... he took off his hat.
9. We asked a solicitor for advice before ... 10. By ... he ran the risk of ... 11. After ... the customer left the shop without ... 12. By ... the student improved his chances of ...
27. Complete the sentences using gerunds.
1. There are many difficulties involved in ... 2. You must be tired of ... 3. The boy was severely reprimanded for ... 4. The public were warned of the dangers of ... 5. He doesn't take any interest in ... 6. You seem to be very fond of ... 7. The soldier was court - martialled for ...
8. Who is responsible for ...? 9. You ought to think about ..., instead of ... 10. This new scheme goes a long way towards ... 11. I would never think of ... 12. They saw no reason for not ...
28. Put the verbs in brackets into a gerund form.
1. He gave up (gamble). 2. Try to avoid (make) him angry. 3. Stop (argue) and star t (work).
4. The children prefer (watch) TV to (read). 5. I am against (make) any complaints. 6. It's no use (cry) over spilt milk, (proverb) 7. I suggest (hold) another meeting next week. 8. He finished (speak) and sat down.' 9. He was fined for (drive) without lights. 10. It is difficult to get used to (eat) with chopsticks. 11. If you can't turn the key try (put) some oil in the lock. 12. He lost no time in (get) down to work. 13. You can't make an omelette without (break) eggs. (proverb) 14. We are looking forward to (read) your new book. 15. They escaped by (slide) down ropes made of blankets. 16. They don't allow (smoke) in here. 17. He is thinking of (leave) his job and (go) to America. 18. After (read) this article you will give up (smoke). 19. If you put your money into that business you risk (lose) every penny. 20. Imagine (live) with someone who never stops (talk). 21. Is there anything here worth (buy)? 22. He was accused of (leak) information to the press. 23. You'd better consult your lawyer before (decide) to buy the property. 24. I don't enjoy (go) to the dentist. 25. Would you mind (put) your pet snake somewhere else? 26. The hostages were rescued without a shot (be) fired. 27. By (work) day and night he succeeded in (finish) the job in time. 28. He has a scheme for (make) grass grow in winter. 29. I don't feel like (work); what about (go) to a disco instead? 30. Would you mind (write) your name and address on the back of the cheque? 31. If a thing is worth (do) at all it is worth (do) well. (proverb) 32. I hate (borrow) money. 33. He was furious at (be) mistaken for an escaped convict. 34. After (talk) for ten minutes I succeeded in (convince) him that there was no danger. 35. I remember (read) a review of that book and (think) I'd like to get it. 36. As a result of (listen) at keyholes he learnt many facts which he had no hesitation in (use) to his own advantage.
29. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive).
1. I am looking forward to (see) you. 2. He dreads (have) to retire. 3. I arranged (meet) them here. 4. He urged us (work) faster. 5. I wish (see) the manager. 6. It's no use (wait). 7 He warned her (not touch) the wire. 8. Don't forget (lock) the door before (go) to bed. 9. My mother told me (not speak) to anyone about it. 10. I can't understand her (behave) like that. 11. He tried (explain) but she refused (listen). 12. At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) between the courses. 13. You are expected (know) the safety regulations of the college. 14. He decided (disguise) himself by (dress) as a woman. 15. I am prepared (wait) here all night if necessary. 16. Would you mind (show) me how (work) the lift? 17. After (walk) for three hours we stopped to let the others (catch up) with us. 18. I am beginning (understand) what you mean. 19. He was fined for (exceed) the speed limit. 20. The boys like (play) games but hate (do) lessons. 21. I regret (inform) you that your application has been refused. 22. I couldn't help (overhear) what you said. 23. Mrs Jones: I don't allow (smoke) in my drawing-room. Mrs Smith: I don't allow my family (smoke) at all. 24. He surprised us all by (go) away without (say) "Goodbye". 25. Please go on (write); I don't mind (wait). 26. He wore dark glasses (avoid) (be) recognized. 27. Before (give) evidence you must swear (speak) the truth. 28. I tried (persuade) him (agree) with your proposal. 29. Your windows need (clean); would you like me (do) them for you? 30. Would you mind (shut) the window? I hate (sit) m a draught. 31. I can't help (sneeze): I caught a cold yesterday from (sit) in a draught. 32. Do stop (talk); I am trying (finish) a letter. 33. His doctor advised him (give up) (jog). 34. My watch keeps (stop).-
That's because you keep (forget) (wind) it. 35. Without (realize) it, he hindered us instead of (help) us 36 People used (make) fire by (rub) two sticks together.
30 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive).
1. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring) 2. If you go on (let) your dog (chase) cars he'll end by (be) run over 3. I prefer (drive) to (be driven). 4. I advise you (start) (look) for a flat at once. 5. Would you mind (lend) me £5? I forgot (cash) a cheque. 6. (Lie) on this beach is much more pleasant than (sit) in the office. 7. She likes her children (go) to the dentist every six months. 8. By (neglect) (take) ordinary precautions he endangered the life of his crew. 9. An instructor is coming (show) us how (use) the aqualung. 10. I have no intention of (go) to that film; I couldn't bear-(see) my favourite actress in such a dreadful part.
11. I suggest (telephone) the hospital before (ask) the police (look) for him. 12. After (hear) the conditions I decided (not enter) for the competition. 13. Some people seem (have) a passion for (write) to the newspapers. 14. He expects me (answer) by return but I have no intention of (reply) at all. 15. I tried (explain) to him but he refused (listen) and went on (grumble). 16. By (offer) enormous wages he is persuading men (leave) their present jobs and (work) for him. 17. He postponed (make) a decision till it was too late (do) anything. 18. Imagine (have) (get up) at five a.m. every day! 19. Try (forget) it; it isn't worth (worry) about. 20. There is no point in (remain) in a dangerous place if you can't do anything (help) the people who have (stay) there. 21. The horse won't be well enough (run) in tomorrow's race. He doesn't seem (have recovered) from his long journey. 10. Sometimes teenagers get into trouble with their parents 22. At first I enjoyed (listen) to him but after a while I got tired of (hear) the same story again and again. 23. It is usually easier (learn) a subject by (read) books than by (listen) to lectures. 24. It wouldn't be safe (start) down now; we'll have (wait) till the mist clears. 25. The police accused him of (set) fire to the building but he denied (have been) in the area on the night of the fire. 26. I left my door open. Why didn't you walk in? ~ I didn't like (go) in when you weren't there. 27. It's much better (go) to a hairdresser than (try) (save) time by (cut) your own hair. 28. I'd rather (earn) my living by (scrub) floors than (make) money by (blackmail) people.
29. After (discuss) the matter for an hour the committee adjourned without (have reached) any decision. 30. It's not much use (have) a bicycle if you don't know how (ride) it. 31. He didn't dare (leave) the house because he was afraid of (meet) someone who might (recognize) him.
32. I distinctly remember (pay) him. I gave him £2. 33. Did you remember (give) him the key of the safe? ~ No, I didn't. I'll go and do it now. 34. Please forgive me for (interrupt) you but would you mind (repeat) that last sentence? 35. I know my hair wants (cut) but I never have time (go) to the hairdresser's. 36. He made a lot of money by (buy) tickets in advance and (sell) them for twice the price on the day of the match. 37. She rushed out the room without (give) me a chance (explain). 38. He keeps (ask) me the time and I keep (tell) him (buy) himself a watch.
39. He has a theory that it is possible (tell) the time in day light by (look) into a cat's eyes. 40. I'd hate (be) beside a volcano when it started (erupt).
31. Put the verbs in brackets into gerund or infinitive.
After like it is sometimes possible to use either gerund or infinitive, but there tends to be a slight difference in implication.
like + gerund usually means "enjoy"; it also usually implies that the action is/was performed:
I like skating = I enjoy skating (and do skate).
like + infinitive has more the meaning of "approve of", "like the idea or habit". In the affirmative it gives no indication as to whether the action is performed or not, and in the negative implies that it is not performed.
I didn't like saying it
usually means "I said it, unwillingly", but
I didn't like to say it
usually means "I didn't say it" (because it didn't seem right or sensible). The distinction, however, is not rigid. The above notes are, therefore, only guides which may safely be followed.
1. I used (ride) a lot but I haven't had a chance (do) any since (come) here. ~ I ride sometimes. Would you like (come) with me next time? 2. Most people prefer (spend) money to (earn) it. 3. I resented (be) unjustly accused and asked him (apologize). 4. It isn't good for children (eat) too many sweets. 5. I didn't feel like (work) so I suggested (spend) 'the day in the garden. 6. Why do you keep (look) back? Are you afraid of (be) followed? 7. Do you remember (post) the letter? ~ Yes, I do; I posted it in the letter-box near my gate. 8. Did you remember (lock) the door? ~ No, I didn't. I'd better (go) back and (do) it now. 9. You still have a lot (learn) if you'll forgive my (say) so. 10. It's no use (try) (interrupt) him. You'll have (wait) till he stops (talk). 11. I'm for (do) nothing till the police arrive. They don't like you (move) anything when a crime has been committed. 12. He didn't like (leave) the children alone in the house but he had no alternative as he had (go) out to work. 13. Why didn't you drink it? ~ I didn't like (drink) it as I didn't know what it was. 14. I'm very sorry for (be) late. It was good of you (wait) for me. 15. I keep (try) (make) mayonnaise but I never succeed. ~ Try (add) the yolk of a hard-boiled egg.
16. Do you feel like (go) to a film or would you rather (stay) at home? 17. She told me (look) through her correspondence and (take) out any letters that you had written her. I don't like (look) through someone else's letters but I had (do) as she said. 18. He took to (get up) early and (walk) noisily about the house. 19. I liked (listen) to folk music much better than (listen) to pop 20. The car began (make) an extraordinary noise so I stopped (see) what it was.
21. You'll never regret (do) a kind action. 22. He decided (put) broken glass on top of his wall (prevent) boys (climb) over it. 23. He annoyed me very much by '(take) the piece of cake that I was keeping (eat) after my supper. 24. He kept (ring) up and (ask) for an explanation and she didn't know what (do) about him. 25. We got tired of (wait) for the weather (clear) and finally decided (set) out in the rain. 26. He made me (repeat) his instructions (make) sure that 1 understood what I was (do) after he had gone. 27. I suggest (leave) the car here and (send) a breakdowr van (tow) it to the garage. 28. She apologized for (borrow) my sewing-machine without (ask) permission and promised never (do) it again. 29. I didn't mean (offend) anyone but somehow I succeeded in (annoy) them all. 30. She claimed (be able) (tell) the future by (gaze) into her crystal ball. 31. He never thinks of (get) out of your way; he expects you (walk) round him. 32. You don't need (ask) his permission every time you want (leave) the room.
32. Decide whether to is functioning as a preposition or as part of an infinitive and then complete the sentences with the gerund or the infinitive forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. The speaker said he would confine himself to (try) to (answer) four questions. 2. By selling council houses, we are able to devote more money to (build) fresh properties. 3. Hard work is the key to (pass) examinations. 4. Having suggested the scheme myself I now feel committed to (try) to (make) it work. 5. I think that is what he said but I can't swear to (have) heard him correctly. 6. He used to (dislike) London but he now seems resigned to (live) there.
7. Jones came very close to (win) a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics. 8. It might be better to (try) to (discuss) it in his own language as he isn't used to (speak) English. 9. Most educationlists agree that no teacher's duties should be limited solely to (teach). 10. Unreliable delivery dates are one of the most important obstacles to (increase) our exports.
33. Use gerund or infinitive in the following sentences.
A. 1. The boys started (to run — running). 2. They intended (to win — winning) the race. 3. My parents love (to walk — walking) in the wood 4. The children continued (to watch — watching) TV.. 5. Don't try (to eat — eating) the unripe apples. 6. After dinner I began (to do — doing) my lessons. 7. Avoid (to make — making) spelling mistakes.
B. 1. He must go on (to make — making) experiments. 2. Mother loves (to work — working) in the garden. 3. Can we put off (to see — seeing) the exhibition for some days? 4. I don't deny (to have said — having said) that. 5. You must get used to (to get up — getting up) early. 6. Nobody was surprised at his (to have made — having made) a long speech. 7. It's no good (to quarrel — quarrelling) with him.
34. Choose the correct form of the verb in parentheses in the following sentences.
1. The teacher decided (accepting/to accept) the paper. 2. They appreciate (to have/having) this information. 3. His father doesn't approve of his (going/to go) to . Europe. 4. We found it very difficult (reaching/to reach) a decision 5. Leonac is interested in ( to open/opening) a bar. 6. George has no intention of (to leave/leaving) the city now. 7. We are eager (to return/returning) to school in autumn 8. You would be better off (to buy/buying) this car. 9. She refused (to accept/accepting) the gift. 10. Mary regrets (to be/being) the one to have to tell him.
11. George pretended (to be/being) sick yesterday. 12. Carlos hoped (to finish/finishing) his thesis this year. 13. They agreed (to leave/leaving) early. 14. Helen was anxious (to tell/telling) her family about her promotion. 15. We are not ready (to stop/stopping) this research at the time. 16. Henry shouldn't risk (to drive/driving) so fast. 17. He demands (to know/knowing) what is going on. 18. She is looking forward to (return/returning) to her country. 19. There is no excuse for (to leave/leaving) the room in this condition. 20. Gerald returned to his home after (to leave/leaving) the game.
35. Make an equivalent sentence, with a gerund or an infinitive, for each of these sentences.
It's hard to blow up balloons. Making a wish before you blow out the candle is very important. It's not easy to blow out all the candles. Opening the presents is exciting. But washing the dishes after the party is no fun. It's sad to have to wait a whole year for your next birthday.
36. Complete these sentences with the indefinite or gerund form of each verb in parentheses.
Leo, Marie, and their son Scott are on their way home after a dinner party at the home of Dan and Ruth.
L.: Well, I certainly enjoyed ___________ (see) Dan and Ruth again. The food was delicious, and they were really excited about_____(get) that new dining-room set.
M.: Well, at least Ruth Was. I think that Dan only agreed (take) the set because I was tired of _________(shop)-
L.: Maybe. But Ruth said the deal was too good ______(resist). The salesclerk suggested ______ (sign) a credit agreement, so they need________(pay) only $25 a month.
M.' I know that Ruth was eager_______ (take) her advice, but I'm afraid that Dan wasn't.
S.: Why?___________(buy) on credit is a good idea, isn't it? You can get more things by _______ (make) monthly payments, can't you?
M.: Yes, but ______ (use) finance plans costs a lot more than_________(pay) cash.
L.: Right. Stores want customers_________(agree) on____ (finance) because it's easier for them _______ (make) more money that way. There's monthly finance charge________(pay).
S.: Oh. But you like________(use) credit cards, don't you? Isn't it more convenient and safer ______ (carry) cards than money?
L.: Yes, it is. But you ought ________ (pay) your bills as soon as possible. That way, the bank doesn't keep ____ (charge) interest.
M.: Exactly. It's dangerous _______ (put) too many purchases on a credit card if you can't afford______(pay) for everything right away. I don't like to see people_____(get) into debt
that way.
37. Put in the correct forms of the infinitive or -ing.
THIS WAY! THAT WAY! In a split second, when no one was paying attention, the two prisoners escaped from the back of the police van. They were handcuffed to еачсп other. It was minutes before a policeman saw them (run) ... down the street. "We'll follow," two policemen said. "Have the driver (bring) ... the van to the end of the road.
Tell him (not let) .........them get away. If we're not careful, we'll
have the whole neighbourhood (complain) ...... that we've been
careless." The prisoners were still running side by side. The policeman saw them (race) ... up the hill and (disappear) ... round a corner. "We'll never catch them now!" one of them said. "I told you (not leave) ... them unattended." The prisoners were running, at top speed. Suddenly, they saw a lamp post in front of them "Go left! Go right!" they each shouted at the same time. They ran on either side of the lamp post. It just took time for the police (find) ... them lying on the pavement unhurt, dazed, and with silly grins on their faces.
38. Join these pairs of sentences, deciding when to use a bare infinitive or ing.
1. She crossed the road. I saw her. I saw............... 2. She was crossing the road. I caught sight of her. I noticed ...... 3. Something's burning. I can smell it. I can smell ............... 4. They sang a song. I listened to them. I listened......... 5. She was shouting at the children. I heard her. I heard ......... 6. The robbers were waiting near the bank. They were seen. The robbers were seen .........
39. Fill in the blanks.
1. Margaret challenged me (race)_____her across the pool. 2. David volunteered (bring) ___________ some food to the reception. 3. The students practised (pronounce) _______ the "th" sound in the phrase "these thirty-three dirty trees." 4. In the fairy tale, the wolf threatened (eat)_____________ a girl named Little Red Riding Hood. 5. Susie! How many times do I have to remind you (hang up) your coat when you get home from school?
6. The horses struggled (pull)__________ the wagon out of the mud. 7. Janice demanded (know)________________why she had been fired. 8. My skin can't tolerate (be)______in the sun all day long. I get sunburned easily. 9. I avoided (tell) _______________Mary the truth because I knew she would be angry. 10. Fred Washington claims (be) _________ a descendant of George Washington. 11. Alex broke the antique vase. I'm sure he didn't mean (do) '_______it. 12. I urged Al (return) _________ to school and (finish) ________his education.
13. Mrs Freeman can't help (worry) __________ about her children. 14. Children, I forbid you (play) ________ in the street. There's too much traffic. 15. My little cousin is a blabbermouth! He can't resist (tell) _________everyone my secrets! 16. I appreciate your (take)_________the time to help me. 17. I can't afford (buy)__________a new car. 18. Ted managed (change)__________my mind. 19. I think Sam deserved (have)__________another chance. 20. Julie finally admitted (be) responsible for the problem. 21. I don't recall ever (hear)________you mention his name before. 22. She keeps (promise) ________ (visit) _______ us, but she never does.
40. Fill in the blanks using gerund or infinitive.
1. Keep (talk)_____________I'm listening to you. 2. The children promised (play) ________ more quietly. They promised (make, not)_________so much noise. 3. Linda offered (look after) ________ my cat while I was out of town. 4. You shouldn't put off (pay)_______your bills. 5. Mark mentioned (go) ____________ to the market later today. I wonder if he's still planning (go)________. 6. Fred suggested (go) _______ (ski) ______ in the mountains this weekend. How does that sound to you? 7. The doctor ordered Mr. Gray (smoke, not) ___________. 8. Don't tell me his secret. I prefer (know, not)_________. 9. Could you please stop (whistle) ______? I'm trying (concentrate)____________on my work.
10. She finally decided (quit) _________ her present job and (look for) another one.
11. Did you remember (turn off)________the stove? 12. Jack was allowed (renew)__________his student visa 13. Pat told us (wait, not)___________for her. I
14. Mr Buck warned his daughter (play, not) _________ with matches. 15. Would you please remind me (call)____Alice tomorrow? 16. Liz encouraged me (throw away)______my old running shoes and (buy)_________a new pair without holes in the toes 17. I'm considering (drop out of)________school, (hitchike) __________to New York, and (try)_______ (find)______a job. 18. Don't forget (tell) ______ Jane (call) ______ me about (go)_______ (swim)_________tomorrow. 19. Sally reminded me (ask) _______ you (tell)________
Bob (remember) ________ (bring) ________ his soccer ball to the picnic.
41. Fill in the blanks.
Joe's and Diane's personalities are different in other ways, too. Diane is a very quiet person, but Joe is very talkative. He likes to_talk all the time. He especially enjoys_discussing politics
Diane (hate/discuss) ________politics. Also, when she is tired, she doesn't (want/talk) _____________ about anything; she (need/have)_________peace and quiet. Joe doesn't understand When Diane is quiet, he thinks she's unhappy. Sometimes when Joe talks a lot, it drives Diane crazy. Then she jokes and says, "Joe, you never (stop/talk)_________".
However, Joe and Diane are not completely different. They share some interests, and they (enjoy/do) __________ many things together. For example, both Joe and Diane are interested
(of, in, about) __________ cook___________On Saturdays they (like/spend) ________ all day (cook) ___________, but they both (hate/wash) dishes. They also (like/go) ________ to
old movies from the 1930s and 40s together and they (like/go) __________ to the theatre. They have some problems in their relationship, but in general they (enjoy/be)_________together.
42. Open the brackets.
There are many well —(mean) people who believe that it is impossible to stop the conflict between the deeply — (divide) religious groups in Northern Ireland. However, there have always been peace — (love) people who have tried to bring together Catholics and Protestants. These much — (need) peace groups were often organized by women. And if you look around, you will see some (encourage) signs in Northern Ireland.
One woman with (fascinate) ideas about how the conflict could be stopped is Sister Veronica O'Brien. She was a teacher in the Catholic Falls Road area of Belfast. After she had taught there for 15 years, she started a carefully — (plan) project in North Belfast, the city's most religiously — (mix) area.
First she told (interest) teachers about her project. Then she had to "sell" her ideas to pupils. There have already been some (promise) results: she has talked with (mix) groups of Catholic and Protestant pupils about the troubles. In this way she hopes they will learn to understand each other.
43. Rewrite these sentences using past participle.
1. The painting was lost for many years. It turned up at an auction. 2. Although the meat was cooked for several hours, it was still tough. 3. If the picture is seen from this angle, it looks rather good. 4. The vegetables which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.
5. When the poem is read aloud it is very effective.
44. Join each of the following pairs of sentences, using either a present participle e.g. knowing, a past participle e.g. known, or a perfect participle e.g. having known. Numbers 17, 28, 33, and 36 contain three sentences each. Combine these in the same way.
He got off his horse. He began searching for something on the ground.
Getting off his horse, he began searching ...
I had seen photographs of the place. I had no desire to go there.
Having seen photographs of the place, I had no desire ...
The speaker refused to continue. He was infuriated by the interruptions.
Infuriated by the interruptions, the speaker refused ...
These participle constructions are more common in written English.
1. I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare. 2. We barricaded the windows. We assembled in the hall. 3. She became tired of my complaints about the programme. She turned it off. 4. He found no one at home. He left the house in a bad temper. 5. She hoped to find the will. She searched everywhere. 6. The criminal removed all traces of his crime. He left the building. 7. He realized that he had missed the last train. He began to walk. 8. He was exhausted by his work. He threw himself on his bed. 9. He had spent all his money. He decided to go home and ask his father for a job. 10. He escaped from prison. He looked for a place where he could get food. 11. She didn't want to hear the story again. She had heard it all before. 12. They found the money. They began quarrelling about how to divide it. 13. She entered the room suddenly. She found them smoking. 14. I turned on the light. I was astonished at what I saw. 15. We visited the museum. We decided to have lunch in the park.
16. He offered to show us the way home. He thought we were lost. 17. He found his revolver. He loaded it. He sat down facing the door. 18. She asked me to help her. She realized that she couldn't move it alone. 19. He fed the dog. He sat down to his own dinner. 20. He addressed the congregation. He said he was sorry to see how few of them had been able to come.
21. He thought he must have made a mistake somewhere. He went through his calculations again. 22. I have looked through the fashion magazines. I realize that my clothes are hopelessly out of date. 23. The tree had fallen across the road. It had been uprooted by the gale. 24. People were sleeping in the next room. They were wakened by the sound of breaking glass. 25. I knew that the murderer was still at large. I was extremely reluctant to open the door. 26. He stole the silver. He looked for a place to hide it. 27. We were soaked to the skin. We eventually reached the station. 28. I sat in the front row. I used opera glasses. I saw everything beautifully. 29. One evening you will be sitting by the fire. You will remember this day.
30. I didn't like to sit down. I knew that there were ants in the grass. 31. She believed that she could trust him absolutely. She gave him a blank cheque. 32. Slates were ripped off by the gale. They fell on people passing below. 33. The lion found his cage door open. He saw no sign of his keeper. He left the cage and walked slowly towards the zoo entrance. 34. The government once tried to tax people according to the size of their houses. They put a tax on windows. 35. I had heard that the caves were dangerous. I didn't like to go any further without a light. 36. She wore extremely fashionable clothes. She was surrounded by photographers and pressmen. She swept up to the microphone.
45. A participle is considered to belong to the noun or pronoun that immediately precedes it (which usually, but not necessarily, is the subject of the main verb).
К The boy, climbing the tree to get birds' eggs, had a bad fall.
F If there is no noun/pronoun in this position the participle is considered to belong to the subject of the following main verb:
Climbing the tree to get birds' eggs, the boy had a bad fall.
Sometimes this principle is disregarded and confusion results:
Climbing down the tree, one of the eggs broke.
This word order makes it appear that the egg was climbing, which is nonsense. A participle linked in this way to the wrong
noun/pronoun is said to be "misrelated". The sentence should be
rewritten:
Climbing down the tree he broke one of the eggs or
As he was climbing down the tree one of the eggs broke.
Other examples of this type of error are given below. Correct the sentences. Sometimes only a change of order is required.
1. When leaving a car in this car park the brakes must be left off. 2. Wading across the river, the current swept me off my feet. 3. When filling a tank with petrol naked lights should be extinguished. 4. Running into the room, a rug caught her foot and she fell. 5. Reading the letter a second time, the meaning becomes clearer. 6. When carrying a gun it should never be pointed at anyone. 7. When planting these flowers care must be taken not to damage the roots.
8. Riding in his first race, his horse fell at the last jump. 9. When paying by cheque, a bank card should be shown. 10. Knowing me to be the fool of the family, the news that I had won a scholarship astonished him. 11. Believing that his last hour had come, his hands began to tremble. 12. Passing under a ladder, a pot of paint fell on my head. 13. Reading in bed, my hands often get very cold. 14. Leaving the cinema, it seemed to him that the film had been exceptionally bad. 15. Barking furiously, I led the dog out of the room. 16. Having paid my taxes, the amount left in the bank is hardly worth mentioning. 17. Writing my name in the hotel register, a familiar voice attracted my attention. 18. Tied to a post, the sea was tossing the boat up and down. 19. Misunderstanding the question, the wrong answer was sent in. 20. Shining in the sky, we saw the first star. 21. When driving carelessly it is easy to have an accident. 22. Pinned to the door by a knife, the man saw a notice. 23. Written in large letters they read the words "No Entry". 24. While cleaning his gun it went off unexpectedly. 25. Wondering where to go, an advertisement caught my eye. 26. Rushing out of the house, a lorry knocked me over.
27. Sitting by the fire, it all came back to me. 28. Falling from such a height, we thought he would never survive. 29. When changing a fuse the electricity should first be switched off.
30. Towed behind the car, I saw a trailer with a boat on it. 31. While sitting at the foot of a cliff a stone fell on him. 32. Driving to work, the traffic jams infuriated him. 33. Sitting in the dentist's chair, an idea suddenly occurred to me. 34. Weakened by his last illness, I felt sure that another winter in this country would kill him. 35. Getting out of bed, a scorpion bit him.
46. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct form. When more than one form is possible it will be noted in the key.
1. When the painter felt the ladder (begin) (slip) he grabbed the gutter (save) himself from (fall).
2. The snow kept (fall) and the workmen grew tired of (try) (keep) the roads clear. 3. He offered (lend) me the money. I didn't like (take) it but I had no alternative. 4. What was in the letter?~
I don't know. I didn't like (open) it as it wasn't addressed to me. 5. Do you remember (read) about it? ~ No, at that time I was too young (read) newspapers. 6. Did you remember (book) seats for the theatre tomorrow? ~ Yes, I have the tickets here. Would you like (keep) them? I
am inclined (lose) theatre tickets. 7. Try (avoid) (be) late. He hates (be) kept (wait). 8. I didn't know how (get) to your house so I stopped (ask) the way. 9. I wish my refrigerator would stop (make) that horrible noise. You can't hear anyone (speak). 10. This book tells you how (win) at games without actually (cheat). 11. The gunman began (fire). He felt a bullet (graze) his
cheek. 12. He heard the clock (strike) six and knew that it was time for him (get) up.
13. I can hear the bell (ring) but nobody seems (be coming) (open) the door.
14. Did you advise him (go) to the police? ~ No, I didn't like (give) any advice on such a difficult matter. 15. He wanted (put) my chameleon on a tartan rug and (watch) it (change) colour.
16. It is easy (see) animals on the road in daylight but sometimes at night it is very difficult (avoid) (hit) them. 17. The fire seems (be) out. ~ It can't be quite out. I can hear the wood (crackle). 18. I caught him (climb) over my wall. I asked him (explain) but he refused (say) anything, so in the end I had (let) him (go). 19. When at last I succeeded in (convince) him that I wanted (get) home quickly he put his foot on the accelerator and I felt the car (leap) forward.
20. I'm not used to (drive) on the left. ~ When you see everyone else (do) it you'll find it quite easy (do) yourself. 21. It is pleasant (sit) by the fire at night and (hear) the wind (howl) outside.
22. There was no way of (get) out of the building except by (climb) down a rope and Ann was too terrified (do) this. 23. We heard the engines (roar) as the plane began (move) and we saw the people on the ground (wave) good-bye. 24. It's no good (write) to him; he never answers letters. The only thing (do) is (go) and (see) him. 25. Why did you go all round the field instead of (walk) across it? ~ I didn't like (cross) it because of the bull. I never see a bull without (think) that it wants (chase) me. 26. The people in the flat below seem (be having) a party You can hear the champagne corks (thud) against their ceiling. 27. I don't like (get) bills but when I do get them 1 like (pay) them promptly. 28. Ask him (come) in. Don't keep him (stand) at the door. '29. The boys next door used (like) (make) and (fly) model aeroplanes, but they seem to have stopped (do) that now. 30. I knew I wasn't the first (arrive), for I saw smoke (rise) from the chimney. 31. We watched the men (saw) the tree and as we were walking away heard it (fall) with a tremendous crash. 32. I hate (see) a child (cry). 33. We watched the children (jump) from a window and (fall) into a blanket held by the people below. .. 34. It is very unpleasant (wake) up and (hear) the rain (beat) on the windows 35. He saw the lorry (begin) (roll) forwards but he was too far away (do) anything (stop) it. 36. There are people who can't help (laugh) when they see someone (slip) on a banana skin.
47. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms. Note that sometimes a bare infinitive will be required.
1. "I was lonely at first," the old man admitted, "but after a time I got used to (live) alone and even got (like) it." 2. Before trains were invented people used (travel) on horseback or in stage coaches. It used (take) a stage coach three days (go) from London to Bath. 3. I meant (buy) an evening paper but I didn't see anyone (sell) them. 4. Tom: I want (catch) the 7. a.m. train tomorrow. Ann: But that means (get) up at 6.00; and you're not very good at (get) up early, are you? 5. He accepted the cut in salary without complaint because he was afraid (complain). He was afraid of (lose) his job. 6. She remembers part of her childhood quite clearly. She remembers (go) to school for the first time and (be) frightened and (put) her finger in her mouth. And she remembers her teacher (tell) her (take) it out. 7. Did you remember (lock) the car? ~ No, I didn't. I'd better (go) back and (do) it now. 8. No, I didn't move the bomb. I was afraid (touch) it; I was afraid of (be) blown to pieces! 9. Next time we go (house hunt), remember (ask) the agent for clear directions. I wasted hours (look) for the last house.
10. Tom: Let's (go) for a swim. Ann: I'm not particularly keen on (swim). What about (go) for a drive instead? 11. The hunters expected (be paid) by the foot for the snakes they caught. This meant (take) the snakes out of the sack and (measure) them. They seemed (expect) me (do) it; but I wasn't particularly anxious (be) the first (die) of snakebite. 12. After (spend) two days (argue) where to go for their holidays, they decided (not go) anywhere. 13. He is talking about (give) up his job and (go) (live) in the country. 14. I was just about (leave) the office when the phone rang. It was my wife; she wanted me (call) at the butcher's on my way home. 15. He said, "I'm terribly sorry to (keep) you (wait)." I said, "It doesn't matter at all," but he went on (apologize) for nearly five minutes! 16. The lecturer began by (tell) us where the island was, and went on (talk) about its history. 17. My father thinks I am not capable of (earn) my own living, but I mean (show) him that he is wrong. 18. Tom: I can't get my car (start) on cold mornings. Jack: Have you tried (fill) the radiator with hot water? That sometimes helps.
19. Did he manage (carry) the trunk upstairs? ~ No, he didn't. He isn't strong enough (move) it, let alone (carry) it upstairs. 20. Jack: Don't forget (take) a hacksaw with you. Ann: What's a hacksaw? And why should I (take) one with me? Jack: It's a tool for (cut) metal. You see, Tom is bound (get) into trouble for (take) photographs of the wrong things, and you'll be arrested with him. With a hacksaw you'll be able (saw) through the bars of your cell and (escape). 21. Peter: Wouldn't it be better (ask) Tom (leave) his camera at home? Jack: It would be no good (ask) Tom (do) that. It would be like (ask) a woman (travel) without a handbag. 22. I've got the loaf; now I'm looking for a bread knife (cut) it with. ~ I saw Paul (sharpen) a pencil with the bread knife a minute ago. 23. We stopped once (buy) petrol and then we stopped again (ask) someone the way. 24. When I caught them (cheat) me, I stopped (buy) petrol there and started (deal) with your garage instead. 25. Do yon feel like (dine) out or would you rather (have) dinner at home? ~ I'd like (go) out. I always enjoy (have) dinner in a restaurant. 26. Your hair needs (cut). You'd better (have) it done tomorrow — unless you'd like me (have) a go at it for you. 27. I tried (convince) him that I was perfectly capable of (manage) on my own, but he insisted on (help) me. 28. Jack: I don't mind (travel) by bus, but I hate (stand) in queues.
Tom: I don't care" for (queue) either; and you waste so much time (wait) for buses. I think it's better (go) by tube, or taxi. 29. He took to (follow) me about and (criticize) my work till I threatened (hit) him. 30. I have (stay) here; I'm on duty. But you needn't (wait); you're free (go) whenever you like. 31. In Animal Farm the old pig urged the animals (rebel) against man but he warned them (not adopt) man's habits. 32. There is no point in (arrive) half an hour early. We'd only have (wait). ~ I don't mind (wait). It's better (be) too early than too late. 33. I always try (come) in quietly but they always hear me (go) upstairs. It's impossible (climb) an old wooden staircase at night without (make) a noise. 34. If you agree (work) for me; I'll see about (get) you a work permit. 35. We'd better (start) early. We don't want (risk) (get) caught in a traffic jam. 36. He suggested (call) a meeting and (let) the workers (decide) the matter themselves.
48. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms. Remember that sometimes a bare infinitive is required.
1. We suggested (sleep) in hotels but the children were anxious (camp) out. 2. Paul: Would you like (come) to a lecture on Wagner tonight? Ann: No, thanks. I like (listen) to music but I don't like (listen) to people (talk) about it. 3. If you want the milkman (leave) you milk in the morning remember (put) a milk bottle outside your door. 4. They let us park motorcycles here but they won't allow us (park) cars. 5. They don't allow (smoke) in the auditorium; they don't want (risk) (set) in on fire, but you can (smoke) in the foyer during the interval. 6. Mr Shaw is very busy (write) his memoirs. He is far too busy (receive) callers (he is so busy that he can't receive callers), so you'd better just (go) away. 7. What about (buy) double quantities of everything today? That will save (shop) again later in the week. 8. The inspector asked (see) my ticket and when I wasn't able (find) it he made me (buy) another. ~ He probably suspected you of (try) (travel) without one. 9. Would you like me (turn) down the radio a bit? ~ No, it's all right. I'm used to (work) with the radio on. 10. One of the gang suggested (take) the body out to sea, (drop) it overboard and (pretend) that it had been an accident. 11. I want the boy (grow) up hating violence but his father keeps (buy) him guns and swords. ~ It's almost impossible (prevent) boys (play) soldiers. 12. Would you children mind (keep) quiet for a moment? I'm trying (fill) in a form. ~ It's no use (ask) children (keep) quiet. They can't help (make) a noise. 13. I'm thinking of (go) to Oxford tomorrow on my motorbike. Would you like (come)? ~ No, thanks. I want (go) Oxford, but I'd rather (go) by train I loathe (travel) by road. 14. Let's (go) (fish)today. There's a nice wind. What about (come) with us, Ann? ~ No, thanks. I'm very willing (cut) sandwiches for you but I've no intention of (waste) the afternoon (sit) in a boat (watch) you two (fish). 15. He resented (be) asked (wait). He expected the minister (see) him at once. 16. The police have put up a railing here (prevent) people (rush) out of the station and (dash) straight across the road.
17. All day long we saw the trees (toss) in the wind and heard the waves (crash) against the rocks. 18. I didn't mean (eat) anything but the cakes looked so good that I couldn't resist (try) one. 19. Do you feel like (walk) there or shall we (take) a bus? ~ I'd rather (go) by bus. Besides, it'll take ages (get) there on foot. 20. All right. When would you like (start)? In a few minutes? ~ Oh, let's wait till it stops (rain); otherwise we'll get soaked (walk) to the bus station. 21. The old miser spent all his time (count) his money and (think) up new hiding-places. He kept (move) it about because he was terrified of (be robbed). He used (get) up at night sometimes (make) sure it was still there. 22. Jack suggested (let) one flat and (keep) the other for myself. But Tom advised me (sell) the whole house. 23. The child used (lean) on the gate (watch) the people (go) to work in the morning and (come) home in the evenings. And he used to hear them (shout) greetings to each other and (talk) loudly. 24. He soon got (know) most of them and even managed (learn) the greetings. Then they began (greet) him too on their way to work and sometimes would stop (talk) to him on their way home. 25. He succeeded in (untie) himself, (climb) out of the window and (crawl) along a narrow ledge to the window of the next room.
26. Did you have any trouble (find) the house? ~ No, but I had a lot of difficulty (get) in Nobody seemed (know) where the key was. 27. Bill couldn't bear (see) anyone (sit) round idly. Whenever he found me (relax) or (read) he would (produce) a job which, he said, had (be) done at once. I wasted a morning (perform) his ridiculous tasks and spent the rest of the weekend (keep) out of his way. 28. After (spend) a week in the cottage, he decided that he didn't really enjoy (live) in the country and began (think) of an excuse for (sell) the cottage and (return) to London. 29. It's no use (argue) with him. You might as well (argue) with a stone wall. He is incapable of (see) anyone else's point of view. 30. I'm delighted (hear) that you can come on Saturday. We are all looking forward to (see) you. Remember (bring) your rubber boots.
31. He has been charged with (receive) and (sell) stolen goods. He has admitted (receive) but denies (sell) them. The fact is that he hasn't had time (sell) them yet. 32. He noticed the helicopter (hover) over the field. Then, to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder (be) thrown out and three men (climb) down it. He watched them (run) across the field and out through a gate. Later he saw a car with four men in it (come) out of the lane (lead) to the field. 33. He admitted that it was possible that the car happened (be passing) and that the three men persuaded the driver (give) them a lift; but he thought it much more likely that they had arranged for the car (pick) them up and that the driver had been waiting in the lane for the helicopter (drop) them. 34. What about (have) a picnic in Piccadilly Circus? ~ What an extraordinary place (have) a picnic! Fancy (sit) there with the traffic (swirl) round you and the pigeons (take) bites out of your sandwiches! 35. Would you mind (write) your address on the back of the cheque and (show) us some proof of your identity? 36. Let's (swim) across. ~ I'm not really dressed for (swim). What's wrong with (go) round by the bridge?
49. Translate into English.
1. Вы действительно виноваты в том, что спровоцировали эту драку. 2. Я всегда боялся потерять его расположение. 3. Не упустите случая посмотреть эту выставку. 4. Вы совершенно уверены, что эти слова относятся к моей матери? 5. Я чувствовал, как дрожали ее руки, когда она надевала пальто. 6. Он отошел в сторону, чтобы я мог пройти. 7. Сообщают, что экспедиция достигла места назначения. 8. Вальтер Скотт считается создателем исторического романа. 9. Кажется, она не хочет делать ничего, из того, что я предлагаю. 10. Его контора оказалась на одной из отдаленных улиц города. 11. Она проследила, как он прошел по улице и зашел в какой-то дом. 12. Он хотел, чтобы я поехала с ним в Индию. 13. Я увидел, как у нашего дома остановилось такси. 14. Бесполезно спрашивать его об этом. 15. Они решили не посылать ему телеграмму.
50. Translate into English.
1. Я так часто замечал, что перемена лекарства творит чудеса. 2. Что заставляет вас так думать? 3. Давай будем лучшими в мире друзьями. 4. Дней десять мы, казалось, питались только холодным мясом и хлебом. 5. Мне был отвратителен шум дождя, стучавшего по крыше. 6. Поставив машину в гараж, он вспомнил, что не завтракал. 7. Мне нравится делать людей счастливыми. 8. Извините, что я занял ваше место. 9. Когда он пишет письма, он не любит, чтобы его беспокоили.
10. Ходил слух, что они, кажется, наконец собрались пожениться. 11. Я не люблю, когда вы так говорите. 12. Он смотрел на ковер, ожидая его ответа. 13. Я думаю, все с нетерпением ожидали его возвращения. 14. Не забывайте закрывать окна, уходя из дома. 15. Когда ты подстригся?
51. Translate into English.
1. Я почувствовал, что у меня екнуло сердце. 2. Так как дверь и окно комнаты были открыты, мы заглянули в нее. 3. У нас нет надежды увидеться с ним в скором времени 4. Он услышал, как городские часы пробили 12. 5. Озеро было неспокойно, но я продолжал грести. 6. Я настаивал, чтобы ко мне относились с уважением. 7. Оставшись одна, она села за стол, чтобы написать статью. 8. Здесь нет никого, с кем он мог бы поиграть. 9. Она отрицала, что была в тот вечер на станции. 10. Он избегал смотреть на Сабину. 11. Вы можете заказать себе платья в Европе. 12. Он говорил достаточно громко, чтобы вы могли его услышать. 13. Он оказался идеальным учителем. 14. Говорят, что Эдит похожа на меня. 15. Мы рассчитываем, что они вернутся через несколько дней. 16. Я не могу допустить, чтобы вы так говорили! 17. Говорят, что он очень хорошо переводит стихи. 18. Я случайно знаю номер его телефона. 19. Он, бесспорно, отправляется в экспедицию в январе. 20. Она не могла не улыбнуться.
52. Translate into English.
1. Сообщалось, что премьера спектакля состоится 9 августа. 2. Мы не позволим Вам не обращать внимания на него. 3. Оказалось, что я забыл ключи дома. 4. Он не хотел, чтобы Давид жил дома. 5. Говорят, что нашли древние захоронения. 6. Я заставил его снять пальто и выпить чашку чая. 7. Говорят, он очень много путешествовал. 8. Вам обязательно нужно сфотографироваться к среде. 9. Говорят, он работает над новой книгой уже целый год. 10. Я попрошу, чтобы Эни помогла мне собрать и упаковать вещи.
11. Мистер Осборн хотел, чтобы его сын женился на Эмили, отец которой был очень богат. 12. Считается, что эта картина написана Репиным. 13. Никто не заметил, как он вошел и стал у двери. 14. Ожидается, что директор школы выступит на вы-пускном вечере. 15. Мрачные мысли не давали Роберту уснуть в ту ночь. 16. Говорят, что римляне построили в Англии хорошие дороги. 17. Похоже, он уже завершил работу над книгой 18. Кажется, что ему нравится представление. 19. Его считают одним из наиболее опытных футболистов в команде. 20. Они уговорили гостя сыграть на пианино. 21. Видели, как он бежал по направлению к лесу. 22. Когда вы, наконец, настроите свой рояль? На нем невозможно играть! 23. Где вы починили велосипед?
24. Говорят, что оперная труппа дала несколько представлений в Лондоне.
25. Он услышал, как часы пробили 12. 26. Сообщается, что самолет приземлился вовремя. 27. Они наблюдали, как он поднялся и вошел в дверь.
53. Translate into English.
1. Женщина, сидящая в кресле, — жена редактора. 2. Стоящий у доски мужчина — наш преподаватель. 3. Забор, окружающий сад, недавно покрашен. 4. Из-за младенца, плакавшего в соседней комнате, я вчера вечером не мог заснуть. 5. Джон купил автомобиль, бывший в употреблении. 6. Полиция ищет украденный автомобиль. 7. Разрекламированный товар в магазине отсутствовал. 8. Статьи, написанные этим политическим наблюдателем, читают во всем мире с большим интересом. 9. Мы обсуждаем статью, написанную Джоном Ниль-соном. 10. Не буди спящего ребенка.
11. Ребенок, спящий на диване, болен. 12. Чувствуя себя больным, Джо решил не ездить на работу. 13. Встретив Нэнси, Анна от радости заплакала. 14. Спросив меня о моих летних планах, г-н Смит вдруг улыбнулся. 15. Будучи занятым, Джек отказался от предложения. 16. Прочитав газету, он написал несколько деловых писем
54. Translate into English.
1. Джону нравится изучать иностранные языки. 2. Я не помню, что видел такой фильм 3 Он любит играть в шахматы. 4. Джек гордится тем, что попал в число победителей соревнований. 5. Дети настояли на том, чтобы после обеда смотреть телевизионные передачи. 6. Мне неинтересно слушать ее сплетни. 7. У вас нет никакого основания отказать Джеку во встрече 8. Моя жена не одобряет, что я так быстро езжу на автомобиле. 9. Я против того, чтобы Боб правил машиной. 10. Я боялся пропустить поезд.
11. Джек намеревается купить новый автомобиль. 12. Я предпочитаю встретиться с вами возле Карнеги Холл. 13. Я буду признателен, если вы мне перезвоните. 14. Простите, что я вас беспокою. 15. Я кончил печатать деловое письмо. 16. Она не могла не улыбнуться. 17. Она отрицает, что позвонила Альберту. 18. Мартин избегает встречаться с нами. 19. Она воздержалась от упоминания имен своих знакомых.
20. Анна не в состоянии причинить зло.
55. Translate into English.
1. Принимать снотворное вредно. 2. Вот письмо, которое следует отправить как можно скорее. 3. Он слишком нервный, чтобы править машиной. 4. Полет, возможно, отменен.
5. Вы должны посвятить больше времени изучению английского языка. 6. Я хотела выпить чашку кофе. 7. Позвольте мне сказать несколько слов. 8. Будем друзьями. 9. Прекратим теперь разговор. 10. Я слышал, как мои соседи ссорились.
11. Вы слышали, как Джейн играет на скрипке? 12. Я видел, как он упал. 13. Я слышал, как он назвал ваше имя. 14. Он заставил нас ждать три часа. 15. Из-за чего вы смеетесь? 16. Вы бы лучше позвонили врачу. 17. Ты бы лучше сказал родителям правду. 18. Я предпочел бы послушать музыку 19. Моя жена помогла мне искать очки.
20. Помогите мне отодвинуть этот диван.
Reported Speech
1. Say these statements in indirect speech.
A. 1. Tom said, "I have found some good friends." 2. The classmaster said to us, "Aina made a good report on friendship last time." 3. The girl wrote, "I shall meet you at the station' 4. "My father is not well," Mary complained.. 5. She said, "My husband has studied engineering." 6. Iris said to us, "I cannot find his telephone number." 7. We said, "Velta, we didn't meet your brother yesterday."
B. 1. The boy said to his friend, "I've already read half the book." 2. I said to them, "I had no time to look through these magazines yesterday," 3. Andris wrote, "Your letter came too late. I have promised to go to my friend where I shall stay for a week." 4. The newspaper announced, "Daina has won the first prize." 5. "My brother didn't go to the stadium yesterday," said Ilze. 6. Andris said to his brother, "I'm going to work in the garden tomorrow." 7. "You had completed your work before we arrived," said the girls.
C. 1. "You must not do this exercise in class," said the teacher. 2. She said to us, "I shall have corrected your tests by the next lesson." 3. I said to Peter, "You need not bring me the notes tomorrow." 4. "There are different issues which I want 'o explain today," said the lecturer. 5. Jack said, "My brother was drawing for several hours." 6. The girl said, "I do everything myself at home." 7. "Father rang me up before he left," said Mother.
2. Render Peter's story in your own words:
Peter said to us: "I am 15. I have a brother and a sister. They are older than I am. My parents work in a shop. They start work at 8 o'clock. I am trying to do my best to help my parents. 1 didn't attend any kindergarten when I was small. I began to study at school nine years ago. I do a lot of social work at school. My hobby is sports."
3 What did they say? Report the dialogue.
A.: Have you seen the new film at the Odeon?
В.: It's terrible.
A.: What's so bad about it?
В.: My five-year-old daughter can write better dialogue.
A.: Is there anything else on that you're interested in?
В.: There's a new Jarman film at the Regent.
A.: What time is it on?
В.: Seven-fifteen; do you want to go?
A.'. How long does it last?
В.: It's over at half past nine. We'll make it if we hurry.
A.'. Have we got to take a bus?
В.: No, we can walk.
A.: OK, I've heard it's good. I can't stay out too late though.
В.: You're walking a bit fast for me.
A.: Sorry. It's my job that makes me do that.
B.'. Are you going to get that promotion you put in for?
A.: I don't know yet.
4. Tell a friend what the pupils said.
1. One day Robin Hood put on a red cape and took a basket with food to his sick grandmother in Sherwood Forest. 2. The Islands are called Sandwich Islands because the natives killed and ate Captain Cook there. 3. Guy Fawkes will always be remembered in English history because he woke up all the people in Parliament. 4. The aim of the lesson is to teach us the behaviour of the pig. 5. Oliver Cromwell died on the 14th of September. But he still called it his lucky day.
5. Change into indirect speech as in the example.
A. 1. "Are you a doctor or a nurse?" father asked a lady. 2. "Is there another road to Valka?" asked the tourist. 3. "Is Peter a good athlete?" Tom asked his friend 4. "Are there any historical novels in your library?" the student asked the librarian. 5. "Was the film interesting?" we wanted to know. 6. "Was there much snow last winter?" the guests asked us. 7. "Were you ill last Monday?" the teacher asked me.
B. 1. "Do you speak French?" a man asked me in the street 2. Ann said to me, "Does your cousin live with you?" 3. She said "Haven't you done your homework yet?" 4. "Does Mary kno\v how to make cakes?" I asked Mother. 5. "Did you change your plans?" my friend asked me". 6. "Mr Brown, did you see our Revolution Museum?" I asked. 7. The teacher said, "Does any. body want to ask a question?"
C. 1. "Can you come to our party?" the girl asked her friend 2. The boy said, "May I come in?" 3. "Can't you help me about the kitchen today?" Mother asked me 4. "Must you leave so soon?" Mr Wood asked her guests. 5. She said to us, "May I offer you some coffee?" 6. "Could you do it in one day?" the teacher asked in surprise. 7. "Shall I translate the text?" the pupil asked.
6. Answer the questions in indirect speech; begin your answers with the words He asked me ... .
1. "Where do you write compositions?" What did he ask you5 2. "How many of you received good marks?" 3. "What did you do yesterday?" 4. "When will your holidays begin?". 5. "Why is Tom always late?" 6. "Who must you help?" 7. "What colour are these flowers?" 8. "Where are the big orchards?" 9. "When can you play ball?" 10. "What was the result?" 11. "Why can't you join us?" 12. "Who is this man?" 13. "When was the work done?" 14. "Why don't you want to go for a walk?" 15. "What kind of work do you do?" 16. "How well can you speak English5" 17. "When did you ring them up?" 18. "How long have you lived in this town?" 19. "Where were you last Sunday?" 20. "Why don't you want to speak to them?"
7. Change the following requests and orders into indirect speech.
1. The teacher: "Don't be late, Ann." 2. Alice: "Don't tail-when I am listening to music, Tom." 3. Mother: "Don't eat sc many sweets, children." 4. The teacher: "Don't forget to correct your mistakes, Jack." 5. Charles: "Don't leave the door open Mary." 6. The man: "Don't play on the grass, children 7. Mother: "Don't take bread with a fork, Jim." 8. Father: "Don' come home late, Nick." 9. The gardener: "Don't pick flowers in the park, children." 10. Father: "Don't make noise while Granny is sleeping, boys."
8 Read the following orders or requests and the questions; then answer the questions in indirect speech.
A. 1. "Turn back." What did the guard order us to do? 2. "Learn the principal forms of the irregular verbs." What did the teacher advise them to do? 3. "Turn off the light in the kitchen." What did Mother tell Kate to do? 4. "Stay here for fifteen minutes, please." What did Helen ask you to do? 5. "Make a cup of coffee for me, please." What did your uncle ask you to do? 6. "Buy an ice-cream for me, please." What did little Alice beg Mother to do? 7. "Get up at once." What did Father tell his son to do? 8. "Put on your raincoat." What did Mother tell you to do?
B. 1. "Don't swim in this lake." What did the man tell you not to do? 2. "Don't go out today." What did Mother implore her son not to do? 3. "Please, don't forget to buy a toy for little Tom." What did Mary beg us to do? 4. "Don't give the camera to anybody but Martin." What did Charles ask us to do? 5. "Don't ask me any questions." What did Helen tell us not to do? 6. "Don't cross the bridge." What did the guard forbid us to do? 7. "Don't be noisy." What didn't the teacher permit the pupils to do? 8. "Don't be angry, please." What did Peter ask us?
9. Put the following sentences into indirect speech.
A. 1. "I am talking on the telephone," said my sister. 2. He asked me, "Have you read any books lately?" 3. Father said to Helen, "Do you know how to make vegetable soup?" 4. Father said to me, "Pass me some sugar, please." 5. "Why are the children not yet back from school?" Grandfather asked. 6. Kate told her friend, "Don't come too late. We shall miss the train." 7. "Were there any letters in the letter-box?" my sister wanted to know 8. Roy said to his brother, "My friends will come to see me tomorrow."
B. 1. The teacher said, "I understand both of you, but I cannot let you do it." 2. "What are you looking for?" Mother asked me. 3. He said to us, "When must you leave?" 4. "Don't hurry with the answer. Think it over," the man said to me.. 5. He said, "I shall ask them what it is." 6. "Do you think it is right? I think it is wrong," said the engineer. 7. She said to Tom, "You may come tomorrow a little later." 8. Anna said to me, "Leave me a note before you start for Moscow, please."
C. 1. I said to him, "Did you have any difficulty in solving the problem?" 2. Martin said to us, "I am busy this week. I cannot Join you. Ring me up, please, next week." 3. The teacher told us, "You can go home now; the lessons are over." 4. "Don't keep me wait for you long," Peter said to his friend. 5. "It is getting colder and soon it may snow," the farmer said to his son. 6. "Help, children, to pick the apples," asked the gardener. 7. The man said, "It was very dark last night." 8. "What don't you understand?" the teacher asked us.
10. Find a statement consistent with the adverbs given.
1. ... he said patiently. 2. ... he commented derisively. 3. ... he observed sarcastically.
4. ... he said agreeably. 5. ... he said pompously. 6. ... he whispered shyly.
7. ... he answered sharply. 8. ... he said sympathetically. 9. ... he said fiercely.
10. ... he said brutally. 11. ... he said angrily. 12. ... he said accusingly. 13. ... he said callously. 14. ... he said passionately. 15. ... he said defiantly. 16. ... he said complacently.
1. Don't keep asking such silly questions. 2. You should treat your elders with more respect.
3. I shall always love you. 4. Mind your own business. 5. No one cares whether you live or die.
6. I thought you said you were ill yesterday. 7. That's your problem, not mine. 8. You can go to the devil! 9. You could try reading it up the right way. 10. Tell me what to say to her. 11. You think you are a genius, don't you? 12. I quite understand how you feel. 13. Let's try again, shall we? It is rather difficult. 14. I think it's been a very pleasant evening. 15. I've made very good progress. 16. That's what I intend to do and no one's going to stop me.
11. Interpret these examples of direct speech, then re-express them as indirect speech.
Example: "Why don't we go sailing?" Diana said. Diana suggested (that) we (should) go sailing.
1. "You've just won a lottery!" Tom said. "Really?" Jennifer exclaimed. 2. "More money should be spent on education," Frank observed. "Yes, I agree," Gillian answered. 3. "I don't think you should take up wind-surfing at your age," John said. "I feel it's a sport that will suit all ages," Jenny replied. . "But it requires great physical strength," John said. "And who told you I was short of that?" Jenny said. 4. "Don't go too near the lions' cage," mother said. But I want to see the lions close up," Billy answered. 'Isn't this close enough?" mother asked. ''No," Billy replied. "I'm sorry, Billy, but you can't go any closer than this." "But I want to," Billy insisted. "Well, you can't." 5. "You really must keep to your diet, Mrs Flynn, if you're serious about losing weight," Dr Grey said. "You have been keeping to it, haven't you?" "Well, I ... er ...," Mrs Flynn muttered.
"Have you or haven't you?" "Well, I have occasionally had a bit extra." "What do you mean, "a bit extra?" "Oh - a cream cake or two." 6. "You did enjoy the film, didn't you?" Sandra asked. « "I'm not sure," Sam answered. "I thought Gloria Gleam's performance was fantastic!" "Well, I didn't like it at all," Sam replied. "Didn't you really?" Sandra replied.
12. Put in the missing words.
SECOND-HAND GOODS
It's a sad fact that people steal from hotels. Recently I interviewed Mr David Wills, the manager of a large hotel, and he '.........me that all kinds of things, large and small, 2............ constantly stolen. Mr Wills told 3............ that a check 4............... made on a person's room as soon as they (leave). 5............ it, but unless someone had walked off with a wardrobe, he (advise) ............ the staff (not/make) 1............ a fuss. "What is even more surprising," Mr Wills 8....................."is the things people leave behind — anything from wooden legs to false teeth!" He then 9............... on to tell me a story about a snobbish lady who (recently check out) I0................ She (object) "............... that her bill (be) 12............... too high, but paid it nevertheless. Just as she (leave) l3................ the phone rang and the cashier answered it. He then 14...............the lady that a hotel
bathrobe was missing from her room. The lady expressed great surprise and 15............ that the jiotel maid must have packed it in by mistake. "But the maid has just reported the bathrobe missing," the cashier 16................ Handing over the bathrobe, the lady left in disgust. "Who wants a second-hand bathrobe, anyway?" she said, as she made her way to a taxi complaining that hotel service (be) 17............ not what it used to be.
13. Report each request in two ways, where possible.
Example: "When should I be at the station?" She asked when she should be at the station. She asked when to be at the station.
1. "Where shall we have our meeting?" They asked ... 2. "Which should I choose?" He asked ....................... 3. "Who(m) shall I ask?" She wanted to know.......... 4. "What should I do?" He asked me......................... 5. "Why should I pay this bill?" She wanted to know 6. "Whose car should I borrow?" He wanted to know 7. "Why should I be punished?" She asked................
14. Put in the correct forms.
A GIFT FROM CHICAGO
It had been a particularly bad winter in Chicago. Nearly fort.» inches of snow had fallen in a fortnight. Railway workers at Chicago station didn't know (what/do) '............... with it. The
foreman (advise them/shovel) 2............... it ihto huge mountains to keep the platforms clear. He (tell/not leave) ..................... any snow on the platforms because it was dangerous for passengers. But it was an impossible task! Suddenly, one of the workers had a bright idea. "I know (how/get rid) 4............... of it," he said. "Let's load it onto this freight train. We can send it south to Mississippi and New Orleans. It'll just melt away." The next day five tons of snow arrived in Memphis, Tennessee. "It's a welcome gift," a railway worker said. "We know (what/do). 5............with it here. We'll send what we can to the children's playground. Some of us have never seen snow before!"
15. Report the following using the simple past of the verbs in brackets.
1. "Wait for me," I said to him. (tell) ...................................2. "Go on holiday when the weather gets warmer," she told him. (advise)................................................................................
3. "Keep out of this room at all times," she said to them, (warn) ..........................................................................................
4. "Remember to post those letters," he said to me. (remind) 5. "Don't go into my study," he said to them, (ask) ............. 6. "Don't wait for me," I said to him. (tell) ..........................
7. "Don't go on holiday yet," she told him. (advise) ............. 8. "Don't ever enter this room," she said to them, (warn) ....
16. Report each question in two ways.
1. "Shall I fax the information to them?" She asked if/ whether she should fax the information to them. She asked whether to fax the information to them 2. "Should I leave a message for her?" He asked................... 3. "Shall I heat the food for you?" She asked him ................. 4. "Should I phone him now?" He wanted to know ............ 5. "Shall I invite them to dinner?" She wanted to know
17. Report these subject-questions moving the clauses "one tense back" only where necessary.
1. "Who's next, please?" She wanted to know ...................2. "What makes a noise like that?" He wondered............... 3. "Which of you is waiting to see me next?" The doctor asked ....................................4. "Whose composition haven't we heard yet?" The teacher asked us to tell her.........................5. "Who left this bag here?" Tell me....................................6. "What caused accident?" Can you explain...................... 7. "Which newspaper carried the article?" I'd like to know .. 8. "Whose painting will win the competition?" I haven't any idea ............................
9. "Which firms have won prizes for exports?" This article doesn't .............................. 10. "Which number can be divided by three?" The teacher asked ...........................................
18. Put in the correct forms and tenses of the numbered verbs.
BURNING THE CANDLE AT BOTH ENDS
The nurse asked me if I (be) '......... next and she led me in' Dr Grey's surgery. Dr Grey smiled at me and asked (what the problem be) 2............. I'm a young man and am not the sort of person she has to see very often! I told her I (be) 3......... feeling rather run down. She asked me if I (keep) 4......... regular hours and I said I (have not) .......... She wanted to know why I (not/keep) 6......... regular hours and I said I (be) 7............... out with friends almost every evening. Dr Grey then wanted to know how I (spend) 8......... my time and I (tell) ......... her I (go) 10............ to parties mosth The doctor asked if I (not/have) "......... the chance to recover during weekends and I (tell) 12............ her that my party-goint,' (be) 3............ even worse during the weekends! She asked me if I (smoke) 14............When I said I did, she asked how many cigarette a day I (smoke) '5.......... She raised her eyebrows when answered! Then she asked me if I (take) '6......... any exercise and I answered that I (not/have) 17............time for that sort of thing. "You're burning the candle at both ends, Mr Finley," she told me. "Rest is the only cure for you. You've really got to slow down." She looked at me wistfully before I left her surgery and added, "but I do envy you the life you've been living!"
19. Report these question-word questions moving the clauses "one tense back".
1. "What's the weather like?" She asked me what the weather was like. 2. "What does Frank do for a living?" I wanted to know ...... 3. "Why is Maria crying?" She wondered ............................. 4. "What kind of holiday has Marco had?" You wanted to now............................................................................................ 5. "How long have you both been living here?" They inquired ...........................................................................................
6. "Where did they go last week?" She wanted to know ...... 7. "Who are you looking for?" He asked me .........................8. "When will lunch be ready?" You didn't tell me ...............9. "Which countries will John be visiting?" You didn't say ... 10. "How can I solve the problem?" I wanted to know ..........
20. Report these statements with said (except 13) moving the clauses "one tense back".
DIRECT SPEECH STATEMENTS present becomes past
1. Mac: I need a holiday. — Mac said he needed a holiday, 2. Sue: I'm not wasting my time. present perfect becomes past perfect 3. Tom: I've had some good news. 4. Pam: I've been sleeping. past becomes past or past perfect (past perfect is often optional) 5. Lou: I went home early. 6. Jan: I was waiting for you. past perfect does not change 7. Joe: I had eaten earlier. 8. Pat: I had been waiting for you. modal "present" becomes "conditional" or "past"
9. Tim: I will see you later. 10. Dot: I can speak French. 11. Kim: I may arrive later. "shall" with a future reference becomes "would" 12. Ron: I shall speak to him. "shall" in offers and suggestions becomes "should" 13. Meg: Shall I speak to him? "past" or "conditional" modals do not change 14. Ted: I could help you. 15. Ann: I might see him. 16. Jim: I would enjoy that. "perfect" modal forms do not change 17. Sam: I must have fainted, 18. Don: I couldn't have said that. 19. Ned: I needn't have gone there. 20. Lyn: I ought to have helped her. "should" (="it's advisable") doesn't change 21. Lee: I should go to the dentist's. "should" used in place of "would" in conditionals becomes "would" 22. Dan: If I were you I should get legal advice. "must" (=necessity in the past) does not change, or becomes "had to" 23. Paul: I must catch an early train. 24. Jill: I must speak to you. "must" (=necessity in the future) does not change, or becomes "would have to" 25. Bill: I must leave tomorrow. 26. Jane: I must work till late.
must" (=deduction or possibility) does not change. 27. Phil: John must be a fool. "mustn't " (=prohibition) does not change, or becomes "couldn't" 28. Jean: I mustn't eat meat. 29 Jeff: They mustn't give up.
21. Turn each direct-speech statement into indirect speech with tense changes.
JUST WHAT THE DOCTOR ORDERED!
"I've conducted a number of tests," Dr Grey said .................."I must put you on a very strict diet," she told me "You're putting on a lot of weight," she said "You have gained 5.5 kilos in six month," she added "You gained 10 kilos last year," she reminded me "You will get very fat if you go on like this," she told me ..... "You should eat very little," she said .....................................
"So I'll have to live on nuts and water," I said nervously ....... "You can live on nuts and water without the nuts," she said.
22. Report what these people are saying with the reporting verbs provided.
1. "She's going to America for six months." They say she's going to America for six months.
2. "They went to Rhodes last year." Peter tells me...............3. A:Tm not feeling well." S.:"Pardon?" C.:"She's not feeling well." She says .............................................................
4. A.: "I'll look at your work in a minute." В.: "Pardon?" C.: "She'll look at your work in a minute."
She says ..................................................................5. A.: "I've typed those letters." В.: "What does she say?" C.: "She's typed those letters." ................................................. 6. "We must investigate this case." The writer of this report says ........................................ 7. "The last strike did no one any good." The writer of this article says ............................................. 8. "Turn off the electricity at the mains." It says here ...... 9. "You have to rub down the walls." The instructions say 10. "I'm good at flower arranging." She's always telling people ....................
23. Put in appropriate forms of ask, say and tell.
WHO HAS THE LAST SAY?
Some people' (always) (are always_ saying) that they don't build cars as they used to. What nonsense! I walked round the beautiful new Ferrari again, admiring its lines, when my thoughts were rudely interrupted. "Will you be here long? a voice ........... sharply. "I haven't made up my mind yet, I 3 ............., looking up at a sour-faced traffic warden. "Well you can't stop here," he ............ me. "Who .............. so?" I 6 .......... him cheekily. "I 7 ........... so," he 8 ........... to me. "It 9 .............. here," he added, "in case you can read, "No Waiting". "You read very well. Go to the top of the class!" I 10 ............... him, "but I'll make my own decisions.
"Oh, will you?" the traffic warden " ............. "Then so will I and I've decided to give you a ticket," he l2 ............. to me with relish as he began filling out a form. "Go ahead," I ............ him. "This car doesn't belong to me anyway. I wish it did!'
24. Report the dialogue.
A.: What's wrong with Jerry? I was with him in the coffee shop this noon. He was in good spirits. We were talking and laughing. Then Barbara came in. Suddenly Jerry was ill at ease.
В.: Didn't you know? They had a guarrel yesterday. Jerry made fun of Barbara's hat.
A.: Is that all? She doesn't hold that against him, does she?
В.: No, I don't think so. But you know Barbara. She's quite particular about her appearance. Well, she lost her temper. Now she won't speak to Jerry.
A.: I'd better have a talk with Barbara. She's being childish. That's nothing to get on her high horse about.
В.: I'll bet Jerry could eat his words now. He'll be careful what he says about ladie's hats!
25. Report the dialogue.
A.: What happened to Edith Jones? I've lost track of her lately.
В.: I don't know, and I really don't care. Edith always rubbed me the wrong way.
A.: Really? I took it for granted you were good friends.
В.: We used to be. Not any more, though. I got tired of her remarks.
A.: I'm sorry to hear that. Edith's really a nice girl, though. And life's too short to stay angry at someone. Come on. Let bygones be bygones. I'm sure she'd like to be friends again. Meet her half way.
В.: I suppose you're right. I'll turn over a new leaf and start again It's fun being mad at people.
26. Report the dialogue.
A. How was your trip to Chicago?
B. I wish I'd spent my vacation here.
A. In other words, you didn't like Chicago.
B. Oh, it wasn't that. I liked the city very much. But I got sick while I was there.
A. I'm sorry to hear that.
B. I came near having to call the doctor. But I had some medicine and I took that. I always carry it, just to be on the safe side.
A.: Lucky you had it on hand.
В.: Little did I think I'd get sick in Chicago. Next time I won't take chances. I'll make sure I'm in good health before I leave.
A.: Keep your fingers crossed1
27. Report the dialogue.
A.: I put my foot in it today.
В.: What happened?
A.: I had words with my aunt. I felt terrible about it later. But I'd been on edge all morning.
В.: Come to the point. Why did you argue?
A.: My son Billy misbehaved. I punished him. Aunt Rose defended Billy. That was the last straw! I told her not to interfere.
В.: Is everything all right now?
A.: Yes, everything is fine. I'm glad I took a stand with Aunt Rose, though. We understand each other better now.
28. Report the dialogue.
A.: Will you keep an eye on my books? I'll be back in five minutes.
В.: Where are you going? Are you up to nothing? You look
as though you are.
A.: Not really. But here comes Dorothy. I'd just as soon she didn't see me.
В.: Why not?
A.: She had her heart set on seeing a movie. I promised t< take her. Then I discovered I didn't have any money. I phoned hei and said I was sick.
В.: Relax. She's going out the other door. You're safe for thi time being.
A.: That was a close call.
29. Report the dialogue
A.: Have you heard that Jane cancelled her party next Friday?
В.: Yes, but I didn't hear why. What happened?
A.: She's going to New York. She has to see about something for her boss.
В.: Why did Jane plan the party? She knew all along about New York, didn't she?
A.: Yes, but she really isn't to blame. She thought the trip would be next week. Yesterday she was told to go this week.
В.: Too bad about the party, to say the least. The trip will do Jane good, though.
A.: And she can have the party when she returns.
В.: Frankly, I'm glad about the party. I'm up to my ears in work right now.
30. Report the dialogue.
A . Let's go to the movies. There's a good picture at the Roxy.
В.: I'd like to, but I can't. I have to study. I wasted the whole afternoon. I forgot I had to brush up my French. Then, all of a sudden, I remembered.
A.: Oh, come on! We'll be home early.
В.: No, I'd better not. I have an exam tomorrow. I was about to study when you came in. You know how it is. If you don't study, you don't pass. That goes without saying.
A. Exam? Tomorrow? Oh-oh!
B. What's the matter?
A. I just remembered. I have an exam, too!
B. We can go to the movies on Saturday.
31. Put the following into indirect speech.
1. "I have something to show you," I said to her. 2. "Nothing grows in my garden. It never gets any sun," she said. 3. "I'm going away tomorrow, mother," he said. 4. "I've been in London for a month but so far I haven't had time to visit the Tower," said Rupert. 5. "It isn't so foggy today as it was yesterday," I remarked. 6. "The new underpass is being officially opened the day after tomorrow," said the BBC announcer. 7. "We have moved into our new flat. We don't like it nearly so much as our last one," said my aunt. 8. "We have a lift but very often it doesn't work," they said. 9. "From one of the windows of my flat I can see the Eiffel Tower," he said. 10. "I've no idea what the time is but I'll dial 8081 and find out," said his daughter. 11. He said, "My wife has just been made a judge." 12. "I'll come with you as soon as I am ready," she replied. 13. "I have a German lesson this afternoon and I haven't done my homework yet," said the small boy.
14. "If you let the iron get too hot you will scorch your clothes," I warned her. 15. "You haven't given me quite enough. The bill is for £14 and you've paid me only £13," he pointed out.
16. Ann said, "Englishmen make good husbands because they are nearly always willing to help in the house." 17. Mary answered, "I like men to be useful but I don't like them to be too domesticated. I prefer them to keep out of the kitchen altogether. Men look silly in aprons anyway." 18. Motoring report: The new Rolls Royce runs so quietly that all you can hear is the ticking of the clock. Managing director of the Rolls Royce company: In that case we'll have to do something about the clock. 19. "I don't know what to do with all my plums. I suppose I'll have to make jam. The trouble is that none of us eats jam," she said. 20. "We like working on Sundays because we get double pay," explained the builders. 21. He said, "I'm quite a good cook and I do all my own washing and mending too." 22. "You can keep that one if you like, Joan," he said. "I've got plenty of others." 23. "I'm going fishing with mother this afternoon," said the small boy, "and we are going into the garden now to dig for worms." (Omit now). 24. "You've got my umbrella," I said crossly. "Yours is in your bedroom." 25. "I know exactly what they said," the private detective explained to his client, "because I bugged their phone." 26. "I'll sit up till she comes in, but I hope she won't be late," he said. 27. "If you give me some wire, I'll hang that picture for you," said my cousin. 28. "I have a Turkish bath occasionally, but it doesn't seem to make any difference to my weight," she said. 29. "This is quite a good model, madam. I use one of these myself," said the salesman. 30. "My new house is supposed to be haunted, but so far I haven't seen any ghosts," she said. 31. The advertisement said, "If you answer the questions correctly you may win £100." 32. "If I press my ear against the wall, I can hear what the people in the next flat are saying," he said.
32. Put the following into indirect speech, being careful to avoid ambiguity.
1. "I couldn't get into the house because I had lost my key, so I had to break a window," he said.
2. "The mirror is there so that you can see yourself when you are dancing," the instructress told him. 3. "I wrote to him the day before yesterday. I wonder why he hasn't rung up," she said.
4. "If the ground is dry on the day of the race, my horse might win," said the owner. 5. "You'd better slow down. There's a speed limit here," she said to me. (Use advise.) 6. "If Tom wants seats, he'd better apply early," she said. 7. "We walked. 50 miles last night to see the Minister and protest about our rents being raised. He was very polite and promised to do what he could for us," said one of the tenants. 8. "They should put traffic lights here, otherwise there'll be more accidents," she said. 9. "It's time we began training for our next match," the coach said to them. 10. "If you leave home at six, you should be here by nine," he said to me. 11. "If it rains this afternoon it will be too wet to play the match tomorrow," the captain said. 12. "I meant to plug in the electric blanket but I plugged in the electric kettle by mistake. I'm always doing silly things like that," she told her guest. 13. "I was intending to do it tomorrow," he said, "but now I don't think I'll be able to." 14. "Bill should do very well at the university, Mrs Smith," said the headmaster. "He's done very well here." 15. "I don't think your father likes me," said the young wife. "You mustn't think that," said her husband: "it is just that he is old and finds it hard to get used to new people." (Leave mustn't unchanged.) 16. "The steak is overdone again. I'm not complaining: I'm just pointing it out," said her husband. "I wish you'd stop pointing things out," said his wife. 17. "They couldn't open the safe on the spot so they carried f it away with them," the night watchman reported. 18. "If you saw my father, you'd recognize him at once. He is the most extraordinary-looking man," she said to me. 19. "I found an old Roman coin in the garden yesterday," he said, "and I'm going to take it to the museum this afternoon." 20. He said, "I got out my boat, leaving the engine running, but while I was standing on the quay the gears suddenly engaged themselves and the boat went straight out of the harbour with no one on board." 21. Then Macbeth enters and says, "I have done the deed." 22. "Would you like me to go with you?" I said. "I'd rather go alone," he answered. 23. My brother said, "You may take my car if you like. I shan't be needing it tomorrow or the day after." 24. "Yesterday Tom and I went to look at a house that he was thinking of buying. It was rather a nice house and had a lovely garden but Tom decided against it because it was opposite a cemetery," said Celia.
25. He said, "My wife wants to take a job but I'd rather she concentrated on our home." 26. "I don't know what your father will say when he sees what a mess your puppies have made of this five-pound note," said my mother. 27. "It's high time you passed your test; I'm tired of driving round with an L-plate on the front of the car," my sister said. 28. "I wish you'd seen it," I said to her.
33. Put the following into indirect speech. The first ten questions require no change of order.
He said, "What is happening?" He asked what was happening.
1. "What happened to Mr Budd?" said one of the men. 2. "Which of his sons inherited his estate?" asked another. 3. "Who is going to live in the big house?" enquired a third. 4. "What will happen to his racehorses?" asked someone else. 5. "Which team has won?" asked Ann.
6. "Which team won the previous match?" said Bill. 7. "Who is playing next week?" he asked.
8. "Who will be umpiring that match?" asked Tom. 9. "Who wants a lift home?" said Ann.
10. "Who has just dropped a £10 note?" I asked. 11. "Where is the ticket office?" asked Mrs Jones. 12. "What shall I do with my heavy luggage?" she said. (Use should.) 13. "What platform does the train leave from?" asked Bill. 14. "When does it arrive in York?" he asked.
15. "When was the timetable changed?" I asked. 16. "Why has the 2.30 train been cancelled?" said Ann. 17. "How much does a day return to Bath cost?" Mrs Jones asked. 18. "Why does the price go up so often?" she wondered. 19. "How can I get from the station to the airport?" said Bill. 20. "When are you coming back?" I asked them. 21. "Is a return ticket cheaper than two singles?" said my aunt. 22. "Do puppies travel free?" asked a dog owner. 23. "Can I bring my dog into the compartment with me?" she asked. 24. "Does this train stop at York?" asked Bill. 25. "Can you telephone from inter-city trains?" said the businessman. 26. "Does the 2.40 have a restaurant car?" he enquired. 27. "Can you get coffee on the train?" asked my aunt.
28. "Do they bring it round on a trolley?" she said. 29. "Are there smoking compartments?" said the man with the pipe. 30. "Have you reserved a seat?" I asked him.
Extra exercise: read the last twenty questions, using one of the following prefaces: / wonder/I'd like to know/Do you know? / Have you any idea? / Can you tell me?
31. "Do you know where the ticket office is?" 32. "I wonder what I should do with my heavy luggage."
34. A new student, Paul, has come to the college and the other students are asking him questions. Imagine that he reports these questions later to an English friend.
Bill asked what country I came from.
1. "What country do you come from?" said Bill. 2. "How long have you been here?" said Ann.
3. "Are you working as well as studying?" asked Peter. , 4. "Have you got a work permit?" Bill wanted to know. 5. "What are you going to study?" asked Ann. 6. "Have you enrolled for more than one class?" said Peter 7. "Do you want to buy any second-hand books?" said Bill. ' 8. "Have you seen the library?" asked Ann. 9. "Do you play rugby?" said Peter. 10. "Will you have time to play regularly?" he went on. 11. "Did you play for your school team?" said Bill. 12. "Are you interested in acting'1" asked Ann. 13. "Would you like to join our Drama Group?" she said.
14. "What do you think of the canteen coffee?" asked Peter.
Mary and Tom, with their son, John, aged 11, have recently come to this area. Mary wants to find a school for John and asks her neighbour Mrs Smith about the local school.
(a) Later, Mrs Smith reports these questions to her husband, "Is it a mixed school?"
She asked if it was a mixed school.
(b) Alternatively, supply suitable answers to Mary's questions and then imagine that Mary reports the conversation (her questions and Mrs Smith's answers) to her husband Tom "Were your boys happy there?"~
"Yes, they were."
/ asked if her boys had been happy there and she said that they had.
15. "How long has it been a mixed school?" 16. "Do you like the headmaster?" 17. "Is he a scientist or an arts graduate?" 18. "How many children are there in the school?" 19 "How big are the classes?" 20. "Are the classes streamed?" 21. "What is the academic standard like?"
22. "Can parents visit the school at any time?" 23. "Is there a good art department?" 24. "Do they teach music?" 25. "What instruments can the children learn?" 26. "Is there a school orchestra?" 27. "Do they act plays?" 28. "What sort of plays have they done?" 29. "What games do they play?" 30 "Are the playing fields near the school?" 31. "Are they taught to swim?" 32. "Can the children get dinner at school?" 33. "Is the food good?"
34. "Is there a Parent-Teacher Association?" 35. "How often does it meet?"
36. "Were your own boys happy at the school?"
35. Put the following into indirect speech.
1. "Why are you looking through the keyhole?" I said. 2. "Who put salt in my coffee?" he asked.
3. "Which of you knows how to make Irish stew?" said the chief cook. 4 "Why did you travel first class?" I asked him. 5. "How can I run in high-heeled shoes?" she enquired. 6. "What is your new house like?" I asked them. 7. He said, "Where am I supposed to go now?" (Omit now.) 8. "Whose car did you borrow last night?" I said to him. 9. "What was she wearing when you saw her last?" the policeman asked me. 10. "Who owns this revolver?" said the detective.
11. "Where were you last night, Mr Jones?" he said. 12. "What else did you see?" I asked the boy. 13. "Have you done this sort of work before?" said his new employer. 14. "Can you read the last line on the chart?" the oculist i," asked her. 15. "Did they understand what you said to them?" he asked me. 16. "Are you being attended to, sir?" said the shop assistant. 17. "Will you go on strike when the others do?" the shop steward asked him. 18. "Do you see what I see, Mary?" said the young man 19. "Who left the banana skin on the front doorstep?" said my mother. 20. "Have you gone completely mad?" I asked. "Do you want ' to blow us all up?"
21 "Why is your house so full of antiques?" she asked. "Was •your father a collector?" 22. "Are you leaving today or tomorrow morning?" said his secretary. 23. "How far is it?" I said, "and how long will it take me to get there?" 24. "Could I speak to Mrs Pitt?" said the caller.
"I'm afraid she's out," said the аи pair girl. "Could I take a message?" 25. "Are you sorry for what you did?" the mother asked the little boy. 26. "Are you going to see him off at the station?" I asked her 27. "Would you mind if I looked inside your bag, Madam?" said the policeman.
28. "If someone fell at your feet foaming at the mouth would you know what to do?" said the instructor in First Aid. 29. "Why do you think it may be dangerous?" he asked her. 30. "Do you know that the shoes you are wearing aren't a pair?" I asked him.
36. Change the following direct commands into indirect commands using the verbs: tell, order, ask, beg, advise, remind, warn, etc.
1. "Switch off the TV," he said to her. 2. "Shut the door, Tom," she said. 3. "Lend me your pen for a moment," I said to Mary. 4. "Don't watch late-night horror movies," I warned them. 5. "Don't believe everything you hear," he warned me. 6. "Please fill up this form," the secretary said. 7. "Don't hurry," I said. 8. "Don't touch that switch, Mary," I said. 9. "Open the safe!" the raiders ordered the bank clerk. 10. "Please do as I say," he begged me. 11. "Help your mother, Peter," Mr Pitt said. 12. "Don't make too much noise, children," he said. 13. "Do whatever you like," she said to us. 14. "Don't miss your train," she warned them. 15. "Read it before you sign it," he said to his client. 16. "Do sing it again," he said. 17. "Don't put your hands near the bars," the zoo keeper warned us. 18. "Buy a new car," I advised him. 19. "Don't drive too fast," she begged him. 20. "Don't lean your bicycles against my windows, boys," said the shopkeeper.
21. "Come to the cinema with me," he asked her. 22. "Cook it in butter," I advised her. 23. "Don't touch the gates, madam," said the lift operator. 24. "Don't argue with me," the teacher said to the boy. 25. "Pull as hard as you can," he said to him. 26. "Send for the Fire Brigade," the manager said to the porter. 27. "Don't lend her anything," he advised us. 28 "Make a list of what you want," she told us. 29. "Look at the paper," he said to her. 30. "Stand clear of the doors," a voice warned the people on the platform. 31. "See if you can find any mushrooms, children," she said. 32. "Don't go alone," I warned her. 33. "Pay at the cash desk," the shop assistant said to the customer. 34. The notice said, "Leave this space clear." 35. "Remember to write to your mother," I said to them. 36. "Think well before you answer," the detective warned her.
37. Put the following into indirect speech. In most cases the person addressed must be supplied.
1. He said, "Get out of my way." 2. "Climb in through the window," he ordered. 3 "Please pay at the desk," said the assistant. 4. "Open your bag, please," said the store detective. 5. "Don't worry about anything, Mrs Pitt," said her solicitor. "Leave it all to me." 6. "Don't use bent coins in a slot machine," I warned him. 7. "Follow that car," the detective said to the taxi-driver. 8. "Wash it in lukewarm water," recommended the assistant. 9. "Have confidence in me," urged the doctor. 10. "Take me up to the 33rd floor," he said to the liftman. 11 "Read the notice about life-saving equipment," advised the air-hostess. 12. "Always cook with butter," said her mother, "never use margarine." 13. "Don't argue with your father," I said. 14. "Remember to prune the roses," said my aunt. 15. "Wait for me at the bridge," said the young man. 16. "Don't eat too much starch," I advised her, "and avoid fried food." 17. "Don't say anything to make her angry," said my father 18. Notice: Please do not ask at the desk for change for telephone calls.
19. "Don't forget to feed the goldfish," Mary said to her brother. 20. "Cross the line by the footbridge," said the porter. 21. "Write to me as often as you can," said his wife. 22. "Put your pistol on the table," said the crook. 23. "Please book me a seat in a non-smoker," said the traveller. 24. "Don't forget your sandwiches," said his mother. 25. "Don't go near the water, children," she said. 26. "Search the house," said the policeman sergeant. 27. "Don't make mountains out of molehills," he said. 28. "Put down that gun. It's loaded," she warned.
38. Put the following into indirect speech, joining the sentences together with as, and, but or for.
1. "Make good use of your time. You won't get such an op portunity again," he said to us. 2. "Don't wait till tomorrow," said the advertisement, "post the coupon at once." 3. "Be very careful crossing roads," she said, "and remember to drive on the right." 4. "I can't open it. You have a try, Peter," he said. 5. "Go and get me a paper, and come straight back," he said to me.
6. "Someone's coming. Get into the cupboard," she said. 7. "Give way to traffic approaching from your right," the road sign warned us. 8. "Please, please send whatever you can spare," said the secretary of the disaster fund. 9. "Wear a wig if you don't want to be recognized," I advised him. 10. "Don't bathe when the red flag is flying," said the lifeguard. 11. "Don't forget to thank Mrs Jones when you are saying goodbye to her," said his mother. 12. "Watch the milk and don't let it boil over," he said. 13. "Don't shelter under a tree in a thunderstorm," he said. 'The tree might be struck by lightning." 14. "Put the message into a bottle and throw it into the sea," he said. 15. "Read it for yourself if you don't believe what I say," he told me. 16. "Don't forget to use your indicators," said the driving instructor. 17. "Don't drive too fast or the baby'll be sick," she said to her husband. 18. "Do make the coffee a bit stronger," I begged. "It was terribly weak last night." 19. "Beware of pickpockets," said a huge notice. 20. "Smell this. Do you think it has gone bad?" she said. 21. "Don't take your coat off. We are going out again in moment," she told him. 22. "Stand by the window and tell me if anyone goes into the house opposite," he said. 23. "Don't move till the policeman waves you on," said the driving instructor.
24. "Don't touch it. You will only make it worse," he told me. 25. "Be careful; the steps are very slippery," I warned him. 26. "Ask your boss to ring me back," I said. "My number is 1234567."
"Could you repeat that, please?" said the girl. 27. "Don't work too fast," said the foreman. "If we finish before six we shan't get any overtime." 28. "Prepare to meet your doom. The end of the world is at hand," said the placard. 29. "Remember to put the brake on," the instructor said.
30. "Would you please take off your shoes?" Keiko said to him.
39. Put the following into indirect speech using ask, advise, invite, offer, remind, tell, warn.
1. "Would you like to have lunch with me on Sunday?" he said to me. 2. "Would you like a cigarette?" said one of the guests. 3. "Would you mind not smoking between courses?" said their hostess. 4. "Take these letters to the post, will you? And shut the door as you go out," said the boss. 5. "Will you help me, please?" she said. "I can't reach the top shelf." 6. "This is a horrible room. Why don't you ask for something better?" he said. 7. "If I were you I'd try to get a room on the top floor," he said. 8. "I'll wait for you if you like," she said. 9. "Remember to switch off when you've finished," he said. 10. "You might check these figures for me," he said. 11. "You'd better apologize for being late," said my mother. 12. "Could you check the oil, please?" I asked the mechanic. 13. "I wish you'd sit still!" said the artist. "How do you expect me to paint you when you keep jerking your head?" 14. "Why don't you go by train? It's much less tiring than driving," I said. 15. Hotel notice: Will guests please not play radios loudly after midnight?
16. "Would you like to wait here?" said the receptionist, showing me into the waiting room.
17. "You must see this exhibition!" said all my friends. 18. "I should plant daffodils, if I were you," I said to them. 19. "If you'd just sign the back of the cheque," said the bank clerk.
20. "I'd be very grateful if you'd forward my letters while I am away," he said. 21. Police announcement: Will anyone who saw this accident please get in touch with their nearest police station? 22. "Don't leave your room at night," he said. "Our host's dogs might mistake you for a burglar." 23. "Answer this letter for me, will you?" he said. "And remember to keep a copy."
24. "Would you mind moving your car?" he said. "It's blocking my gate." 25. (in a letter) "Perhaps you'd let me know when your new stock comes in." (Mrs Jones ...) 26. Notice on board: The first team will report to the gymnasium for weight-training. (The coach ...) 27. "Could you sew on this button for me?" Tom asked Ann. "You'd better sew it on yourself," said Mary. "Buttons sewn on by Ann usually come off the next day." 28. "If you will kindly sit down the fortune-teller will be with you in a moment," the girl said.
40. Put the following into indirect speech.
1. "Could you get there and back in one day?" I asked. ( I asked if he ...) 2. "I can't open this tin," said Ann. "Shall I do it for you?" said Tom. 3. "Could you translate this for me, please?" I asked the official. 4. "Shall we ever meet again?" he wondered. 5. "Will you be here tomorrow?" she asked. "Yes," I answered. 6. "Could I lose five kilos in a week?" said the fat woman. "No," said the doctor. 7. "Will you have a drink?" he said. 8. "Why don't you install gas central heating?" said the advertisement, (urge) 9. "Will you read this very carefully, please?" he said to me. 10. "Shall I tell him what happened?" she asked me. 11. "Wouldn't you like to look ten years younger?" said the hairdresser. 12. "I'm going to Brighton tomorrow," said Ann.
"So'm I," said Tom. "Would you like a lift?" (Tom said he was too and ...) 13. "Can I have a sweet?" said the small boy. 14. "Can we stay up till the end of the programme?" said the children. 15. "Could I have the weekend off?" he asked his boss. 16. "Could I leave early on Friday?" he said. 17. "Why don't you like pop music?" the teenagers asked him. 18. "Why don't you take up the oboe again?" said my friends. (advise) 19. "Where shall I hang my new picture?" he said. "Would it look well over the mantelpiece?" 20. "What shall I do if the car won't start?" I said. 21. "Have you got enough money? Shall I lend you some?" said my friend. 22. "Will you be able to guide me or shall I bring a map?" I asked. 23. "You won't forget to shut the door, will you?" she said (remind) 24. "Would you like to see over the house?" I asked her. 25. "Would you like to peel the potatoes?" said Ann, handing me a knife. 26. "I've got two tickets. Would you like to come with me?" he said. 27. "Can you use a word processor?" he asked. "No," I said. 28. "Would you mind living by yourself for six months?" they asked. 29. "Would you mind paying cash?" said my landlady when I took out my cheque-book. 30. "Why don't you trust him?" I asked Ann. "I never trust left-handed men," she answered.
41 Put the following into indirect speech..
1. He said, "When you are at the butcher's remember to get a bone for the dog." 2. She said, "If you feel faint sit down and put your head between your knees." 3. "If I find your purse what shall I do with it?" he said. "Keep it till you see me again," I replied. 4. She said, "If he arrives before I get back give him something to drink." 5. "If anyone rings up," she said, "say that I'll be back shortly." 6. "When you are driving always look in your driving mirror before turning right," said my instructor. 7. "Leave the key under the mat if you go out," she said. 8. "If you think the room is cold shut the windows," said my aunt. 9. "If you feel lonely any time ring me up," he said. 10. "If she doesn't eat meat, offer her an omelette," he said. 11. "Get the car off the road on to the verge if you have a puncture. Don't leave it on the road," said my father. 12. "If I am not back by this time tomorrow take this letter to the police," he said. 13. "When you see Mrs Pitt don't forget to thank her," she ajd to her husband. 14. "When the bell rings take the meat out of the oven," my sister said. 15. "If you are taken prisoner," said the officer, "give your name, rank and number but refuse to answer any other questions." 16. "When you hear the fire alarm, shut all windows and go downstairs as quickly as possible," said the schoolmaster. 17. "If the lift should stop between two floors press the emergency button," he said. 18. "Before you allow anyone to use the Turkish bath remember to ask him if he has a weak heart," said the senior attendant. 19. "If the police stop me, what shall I say?" she asked. 20. "What shall I do if he refuses to let me in?" she said. "Write a note and push it under the door," I said.
21. "What will happen if the strike continues?" he said. 22. "If it goes on snowing, how'll we get food?" wondered the housewives. 23. "When the rain stops, can we go out?" said the children.
24. "When you've completed one section, go on to the next," the teacher said. 25. "If you don't like the programme, switch to another channel," I said to her. 26. "If I lose my traveller's cheques, will the bank repay me?" I asked. 27. "If the noise gets worse, you'd complain to the police," he said to me. 28. "As soon as you find a hotel, ring me and give me the address," he said.
42. Part 1. Write the following in indirect speech, in ordinary narrative form.
Ann suggested having a party on the next Saturday. Mary agreed and asked who they should invite.
Report "Why don't we ...?" as a suggestion and "Why don't Уои?" as suggestion or advice. Report "Why not?" in no. 9 as agreed.
1. Ann: What about having a party on Saturday? 2. Mary: Yes, let's. Who shall we invite?
3. Ann: Let's not make a list. Let's just invite everybody. 4. Mary: We don't want to do too much cooking, so what about making it a wine and cheese party? 5. Ann: Suppose we ask everybody to bring a bottle? 6. Mary: Shall we hire glasses from our local wine shop? We haven't many left. 7. Ann: If it's warm, how about having the party in the garden? 8. Mary: Why not have a barbecue? 9. Ann: Why not? We could ask Paul to do the cooking. 10. Mary: Last time we had a barbecue the neighbours complained about the noise. Shall we ask everyone to speak in whispers? 11. Ann: Suppose we go round to the neighbours and apologize in advance this time? 12. Mary: Why not invite the neighbours? Then the noise won't matter. 13. Ann: What a clever idea! Shall we start ringing everyone up tonight? 14. Mary: What about working out how much it will cost first?
Part 2. Put the following into indirect speech.
15. "What about a round-the-world cruise?" suggested Mrs Smith. "What about renting a caravan? It's all we can afford," said her husband. 16. "Suppose you complain, Ann?" I said. "The boss is more likely to listen to you than to any of us." 17. "You used to be a good tennis player," she reminded him. "Why don't you take it up again?" 18. "Shall we talk there? It's not far," he said. "Yes, let's," I said. 19. "What about joining a weaving class?" Ann said to me. "There's one starting soon." 20. "Let's organize a sponsored cycle race," said the children "What about a sponsored silence?" said the teacher with a grin. 21. "Where shall we meet?" I said. "What about the hotel? said Bill. 22. "Suppose you ring him, Ann, and ask him what he of the idea?" I said. 23. "I'm doing most of the work," I pointed out. "What about giving me a hand?" 24. "Let's leave the washing-up till tomorrow," he suggested. "I hate washing up last thing at night." 25. "Suppose the children go on an adventure holiday this summer?" suggested the father. 26. "Why don't you ask them what they'd like tojio?" I said. 27. "Shall we begin training for the next London Marathon?" said Bill. "I've no intention of running in marathons," I said. "Why don't you ask Paul?" 28. "Why don't you put an advertisement in the local paper?" they suggested to me.
43. Put the following into indirect speech, avoiding as far as possible the verbs say, ask and tell and choosing instead from the following: accept, accuse, admit, advise, agree, apologize, assure, beg, call (= summon), . call (+ noun/pronoun + noun), complain, congratulate, deny, exclaim, explain, give, hope, insist, introduce, invite, offer, point out, promise, protest, refuse, remark, remind, suggest, thank, threaten, warn, wish.
1. He said, "Don't walk on the ice; it isn't safe." 2. "Miss Brown, this is Miss White. Miss White, Miss Brown," he said. 3. "Here are the car keys. You'd better wait in the car," he said to her. 4. "Please, please, don't tell anyone," she said. "I won't, I promise," I said. 5. "Would you like my torch?" I said, holding it out. "No, thanks," he said. "I have one of my own." (Omit thanks) 6. Tom: I'll pay. Ann: Oh no, you mustn't! Tom: I insist on paying! 7. "Come in and look round. There's no obligation to buy," said the shopkeeper. 8. "If you don't pay the ransom, we'll kill the boy," said the kidnappers. 9. "I won't answer any questions," said the arrested men. 10. "He expects a lot of work for very little money," plained one of the typists.
"Yes, he does," agreed the other. 11. "I wish it would rain," she said. 12. "You pressed the wrong button," said the mechanic "Don't do it again. You might have a nasty accident." 13. "Your weight's gone up a lot!" I exclaimed. "I'm afraid it has," she said sadly. 14. "I hope you'll have a good journey," he said. "Don't forget to send a card when you arrive." 15. "Hurrah! I've passed the first exam!" he exclaimed. "Congratulations!" I said, "and good luck with the sec
ond." 16. "All right, I'll wait a week," she said. (Omit all right) 17. "Many happy returns of your birthday!" we said. "Thanks" said the boy. 18. "Your door is the shabbiest in the street," said the neighbour. "It is," I said. 19. "Cigarette?" ~ "Thanks," I said. 20. "I'll sell the TV set if you keep quarrelling about the programme," said their mother. "No, don't do that! We won't quarrel any more," said the children. 21. "I'll give you £500 to keep your mouth shut," he said to me. 22. "I'll wait for you, I promise," he said to me. 23. "I'm sorry I'm late," she said. "The bus broke down."
24. "You've been leaking information to the Press!" said his 'Colleagues. "No, I haven't," he said. "Liar!" said Tom. 25. "I'll drop you from the team if you don't train harder. said the captain.
26. "If the boys do anything clever, you call them your son-complained his wife. "But if they do anything stupid, you call them mine." 27. "Let's have a rest," said Tom. "Yes, let's" said Ann.
28. "Ugh! There's a slug in my lettuce. Waiter'" he cried.
44. put the following into direct speech, using a dialogue form.
Tom: Would you like to come for a drive tomorrow, Ann? Ann: I'd love to etc.
TRIP TO STRATFORD
1. Tom invited Ann to come for a drive the following day. 2. Ann accepted with pleasure and asked where he was thinking of going. 3. He said he'd leave it to her. 4. She suggested Stratford ... 5. adding that she hadn't been there for ages. 6. Tom agreed and said that they might go on the river if it was a fine day. 7. Ann wondered what was on at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre. 8. Tom said they'd find out when they got there ... 9. adding that it was usually possible to get seats on the day of the play. 10. He asked Ann if she could be ready by ten. 11. Ann said with regret that she couldn't as she had to type a report first. 12. Tom expressed horror at the idea of working on Saturday ... 13. and advised her to change her job.
14. She told him not to be ridiculous and explained that ... 15. she had volunteered to type the report in return for a free afternoon the following week. 16. She pointed out that she hadn't known that he was going to ask her out. 17. Tom said he supposed it was all right but ... 18. warned her not to make a habit of volunteering for weekend work. 19. Ann promised not to.
20. Tom said gloomily that he supposed she'd be busy all Tiorning. 21. Ann assured him that she'd be finished by 11.00 and ... 22. offered to meet him at the bus stop at Hyde Park Corner.
23. Tom said that it wasn't a very good meeting place and that he'd call for her. 25. "If you're short of money I can lend you £50," said my aunt, "and you can take your time about paying it back." 26. "I usually take my dog out for a walk when I come home from work," he said.
27. "I have a message for your brother," I said. "He isn't at home," said Ann. "He left two days ago." 28. "I bought this bag in Milan," I said. "You shouldn't have bought that colour," said Peter. "It doesn't go with your coat." 29. "I must hurry. My father is always furious if any of us are late for meals," she said. 30. "If you want to smoke you'll have to go upstairs," said the bus conductor. 31. "I'm building myself a house," said Charles. "I won't show it to you just yet but when the roof is on you can come and see it." 32. "The lake will probably freeze tonight," said Peter. "It's much colder than last night." "I'll go out and look early in the morning," said Mary, "and if it's frozen I'll make some holes in the ice so that the ducks can feed." 33. "Even if the strikers go back to work tomorrow it will be some time before things return to normal," said the official. 34. "Someone is trying to murder me!" said Mrs Jones. "I keep getting threatening letters." 35. "I'm taking my children to the zoo tomorrow," she said, "to see the baby polar bear."
36. "All I can hear," says Ann, "is a high-pitched buzz I 'wonder if it's some sort of signal."
46. Put the following into indirect speech.
1. "There's been an accident, and the road is blocked," said the policeman. "It won't be clear for some time. You'd better go round the other way." 2. "Let's light a fire and cook our sausages over it," said the children. 3. "I was thinking of going by bus," said Paul. "I shouldn't go by bus (if I were you)," said his aunt. "It's an awfully bad service." 4 "You'd better take sleeping bags; you may have to sleep out," he warned us. 5. "I've left some books on your table," said Peter. "I think you'll find them useful. You can keep them as long as you need them but I'd like them back when you've finished with them." "Thank you very much," I said. "I'll take great care of them."
6. "If children can learn a complicated language like Japanese by the time they are five," said the Japanese professor, "they should be able to learn the language of music. At the moment I'm teaching a class of forty three-year-olds to play the violin," he added. 7. "The puppy can sleep on our bed," said Tom. "I'd rather he slept in a basket," said his wife. "That puppy will soon be a very big dog and then there won't be room for all three of us." 8. "I'll try by myself first," said Ann, "and if I find that I can't manage I'll ask Tom to help me." 9. "Let's camp by this stream," said Mary. "If we go on, it may be dark before we find another good place." 10. "I wish we'd brought our guitars," said the students. "Then we could have offered to play in the restaurant and perhaps they'd have given us a free meal." 11. "I booked a double room on the first floor," said Mr Jones. "I'm afraid we didn't get your letter," said the receptionist, "and all the first and second floor rooms have been taken. But we could give you two single rooms on the third floor."
"That wouldn't do me at all," said Mr Jones. 12. "I've had gypsies on my land for two years," said the farmer, "and they've given nobody any trouble; but now the Council have asked me to tell them to move on. I don't see why they should be asked to move and I'm writing to my MP about it." 13. "This letter is full of mistakes!" snorted Mr Jones. "I did it in rather a hurry," admitted the typist. "I suppose I'd better type it again." 14. "If you'd like to go on any of these tours," said the receptionist, "the hotel will arrange it." "We'd like to go on them all," said the American couple. 15. "We'll try to find your passport," said the policeman, "but it'll be very difficult because a lot of suspicious characters sleep on the beach in summer and any one of them might have robbed you." 16. "Let's go to the races!?" said Ann. "We might make our prtunes. I've been given a very good tip for the 2.30." "I've had "good tips" from you before," said Paul. "And they were disastrous." 17. "I don't know why you waste so much time polishing the car," said Mr Jones. "The neighbours all polish their cars," said Mrs Jones, "and I don't want our Mini to look like a poor relation. If you were any good you'd help me instead of standing there criticizing," she added. 18. "I'm sorry for not having a tie on," said Peter. "I didn't know it was going to be a formal party." 19. "I'd have enjoyed the journey more if the man next to me hadn't snored all the time," said Paul. 20. "I was thinking of going alone," I said. "You'd better take someone with you," said the old man "It's safer with two. One can keep watch while the other sleeps." 21. (Paul is speaking to Mary on the phone, and Mary is repeating his words to Ann, who is standing beside her.) Paul: The plans have been changed. We're going tomorrow now, not on the next day. I want you to meet me at Victoria tonight. Mary: Paul says ... 22. "If I want a hot bath I have to put ten pence in the meter," said Tom, "and even then it's not very hot." "That's ridiculous," I said; "It's high time you left that place." 23. "I know the umbrella belongs to you, but I thought it would be all right if I borrowed it," said my nephew, "because you aren't going out tomorrow and I am." 24. "Let's put your tape-recorder under the table," said Tom, "and make a recording of their conversation. It would be very useful to know what they are planning." "But my recorder makes a distinct hum," I said. "They'd be sure to hear it and look under the table; and then they'd find the recorder and ask all sorts of embarrassing questions," 25. "Whenever my father was unhappy," said the girl, "he would go out and buy something, usually something large and useless. That's why our rooms are full of things we can't use." "I'm sorry for your father," said Tom, looking round. "He must have been a very unhappy man." 26. "You can leave your motorcycle in my garage if yot like," he said.
"I'll keep an eye on it while you're away." 27. "If you want a job you should read advertisements and write letters and ring people up," he said to Ann. "It's no use sitting at home, expecting employers to form a queue outside your door." 28. "This used to be a lovely quiet street," he said," but new it is impossible. When summer comes you'll have to keep the windows shut all the time because of the noise." 29. "You must leave a note for your mother," said Peter, "otherwise she'll be terribly worried when you're not in at your usual time." 30. "A letter marked "Urgent" has just arrived for Albert," said Mary, "and he's on holiday. I wonder if I should ring him up and tell him about it or wait till he comes back."
47. Put the following questions into indirect speech.
1. "Who has been using my typewriter?" said my mother. 2. "Do you want to see the cathedral?" said the guide. 3. "Do you mind working on the night shifts?" he asked. 4. "Would you like to come with us?" they said. 5. "Who did you give the money to?" asked Ann.
6. "How long does it take to get to Edinburgh by coach?" asked the tourist. 7. "How much do you think it will cost?" he said. 8. "What did you miss most when you were in prison?" Mary asked the exconvict. 9. Another passenger came in and said, "Is this seat taken?" 10. "How do you get on with your mother-in-law?" said Paul. 11. "How did you get into the house?" they asked him. 12. "What were you doing with these skeleton keys?" said Mr Jones. "Were you trying to get at the secret files?" 13. "Did you sleep well?" asked my hostess. 14. "Have you been here long?" the other students asked him. 15. "Can you tell me why Paul left the university without taking his degree?" Paul's sister asked. 16. "How many people know the combination of the safe?" said the detective. 17. "Are there any letters for me?" said Mary.
18. "How long have you been learning English?" the examiner said. 19. "Why aren't you taking the exams?" said Paul. 20. "Are these free-range eggs?" said the customer. 21. "Where are you going for your summer holidays?" j •asked them. 22. "Will it be all right if I come in a little later tonight?" asked the аи pair girl. 23. "Have you ever seen a flying saucer?" said the man. 24. "Where can I park my caravan?" she asked the policeman. 25. "Would you like a lift?" said Ann. "Which way are you going?" I said. 26. "Who do you want to speak to?" said the telephonist. 27. "Does anyone want tickets for the boxing match?" said Charles. 28. "What are you going to do with your old car?" I asked him. 29. "Do you grow your own vegetables?" I asked. 30. "What train are you going to get?" my friend inquired. 31. "Could you change a five-pound note? I'm afraid I haven't got anything smaller," said the passenger to the conductor.
32. "How many sleeping pills have you taken?" said the night sister. "I have no idea," said Mr Jones sleepily. 33. "Could we speak to the manager, please?" said the two men "Have you an appointment?" said the secretary. 34. "Do you think you could live entirely on your own for six months," said Tom "or would you get bored?" 35. "Did any of you actually see the accident happen?" said the policeman. 36. "Could I see Commander Smith?" the lady asked. "I'm afraid he's in orbit," I said. "Would you like to leave a message?"
48. Put the following into indirect speech.
Remember:
"What about" often introduces suggestion and is then reported by suggest:
"What about flying?" he said.
He suggested flying.
"I can't come at 1.00," said Ann. "Then what about 2.00-)" said Tom.
Ann said she couldnt come at 1.00, so Tom suggested 2.00
"Why don't you" often introduces suggestions or advice and is then reported by suggest or advise:
"I wonder if Tom is coming," said Ann.
"Why don't you ask him?" I said.
Ann wondered if Tom was coming. I advised her to ask him or
I suggested (her) asking him.
"Could I have" is normally reported by ask for:
"Could I have a cup of coffee?" she said.
She asked (me) for a cup of coffee.
"Could you" used for reguests is reported by ask + object + infinitive:
"Could you sign the book, please?" he said.
He asked me to sign the book.
But when "Could you" introduces an ordinary question the verb is reported unchanged:
"Could you live entirely on you own?" he said.
He asked if I could live entirely on my own.
"Would you mind waiting/signing" etc. can be reported: ' He asked me to wait/sign etc. or
He asked if I would mind waiting/signing etc.
offer can be used in two constructions:
"Would you like a drink?"
He offered me a drink.
"Shall I wait for you? I'll wait for if you like."
He offered to wait for me.
When the infinitive is used it must be placed directly after offer. The person addressed is not mentioned in this construction.
1. "Shall we have dinner somewhere after the theatre?" said Peter. "Yes, let's" said Ann. "What about going to that place Jack is always talking about?" (For Yes, let's put Ann agreed.) 2. "Jack's parents have asked me to supper tomorrow night," said Ann. "What shall I wear?" "You should wear something warm, dear," said her mother. 'It's a terribly cold house."
3. "I'm broke," said Jack. "Shall I lend you some money?" said Peter. 4 "It will take a little time to look up your file," said the clerk. "Is it worth waiting," said Ann, "or shall I go away and come back later?" 5. "Shall I have to do the whole exam again if I fail in one paper?" said the student.
"Yes," said the teacher. 6. Where will you be tomorrow," I said, "in case I have to ring you?"
"I shall be in my office till six," said the old man, "and after that at my flat. I shan't be going to the club." 7. "What shall I do with this cracked cup?" Mary asked. "You'd better throw it away," said her mother. 8. "Shall I ever see him again?" she wondered. 9. "Would you mind getting out of the car?" said the driver "I have to change a wheel." "Shall I help you?" I said. 10. "I've run out of petrol," said the man. "Could you possibly give me a lift to the next village?" 11. "Shall we go for a walk?" said Peter. "I like walking," said Ann, "but at the moment my only comfortable walking shoes are being mended. What about going for a drive instead?" 12. "You've got a lot of parcels," he said. "Shall I carry some of them for you?" 13. "Shall we be in time?" muttered Tom, looking at his watch. (Use wonder.) 14. "What shall I do with all this foreign money?" said Peter "Why don't you take it to the bank and get it changed?" said Mary. 15. "Would you like a cigarette?" said Peter. "No, thanks," said Jack. "I don't smoke." 16. "Would you like to come with us?" they said. "There -plenty of room in the car." "I'd love to," said Ann. 17. Ann (on phone): Could you do without me toda Mr Jones? I've got an awful cold and I think it might be better I stayed at home. Mr Jones: You should certainly stay at home, Ann. And you better take tomorrow off too if you aren't better. 18. Mary (on phone): Paul, I've just come back to my flat to find a complete stranger asleep in my chair. He's still here, and still asleep! What shall I do? Paul: Why don't you wake him up and ask him who he is? There's probably some quite simple explanation. 19. "I'm not quite ready," said Peter. "Could you wait a few minutes?"
"I can't wait long," said Jack. "The train goes at ten." 20. "Would you mind taking off your hat?" I said to the woman in front of me. "But the theatre's almost empty!" she said. "Why don't you move along a bit?" 21. "I often see lights in the empty house across the road," said Albert.
"Do you think I should report it?" 22. "If this house was yours what changes would you make?" I said. "I'd pull it down and build a modern one on the same site," said the window-cleaner. "The site's all right." 23. "Could I have your name and address, please?" said the travel agent.
24. "Shall I send it round to your hotel, sir?" the shop assistant asked the tourist. "I'm not staying in the town," said the tourist. "I'll take it with me." 25. "How long will you go on looking for them?" I asked one of the search party. "We don't search at night. We'll stop when it gets dark and start again at first light tomorrow. 26. "We can't discuss this over the phone. Shall we meet here in my flat tomorrow?" I said. "I'd rather you came to my office," he said. "Could you get here in half an hour?" 27. "Could I have 40p, please?" said the boy. "I want to buy an ice-cream." 28. "Would you like to sleep on the floor of my flat?" he asked us. "Or would you rather go to a hotel?" 29. "Could you help me with my luggage, please?" she said. "If you take the two big ones I'll take the small one." "It's ridiculous to take three suitcases for a weekend," I said
"Couldn't you manage with two?" "No," she said. 30. "I couldn't come on Monday," said Ann.
"Then what about Tuesday?" said Peter. "All right," said Ann.
49. Put the following sentences into indirect speech, using tell/order/urge/ask/beg/invite/advise/warn/ remind + object + infinitive, or ask (+ object) + for, or, in some cases, ask + infinitive.
1. "Don't put sticky things in your pockets," said his mother. 2. "Please, please don't do anything dangerous," said his wife 3. "Go on — apply for the job," said my friend. "It would just suit you." 4. "I should say nothing about it if I were you," said my brother. 5. "Would you please wait in the lounge till your flight number is called?" she said. 6. "Don't lend Harry any money," I said to Ann. "He never pays his debts." 7. "Could you please ring back in half an hour?" said the secretary. 8. "Would you mind moving your case?" said the other passenger. "It's blocking the door." 9. "Remember to book a table," said Ann. 10. "Get into the right lane," said the driving instructor. 11. "Avoid Marble Arch," said the policeman. "There's going to be a big demonstration there." 12. "Hold the ladder," he said. "It's rather unsteady." "Why don't you tie it at the top?" I said. "It's much safer that way." 13. "Read the questions twice," said the teacher, "and don't write in the margin." 14. "You'd better not leave your money lying about," said one of the students. 15. "Why don't you open a bank account?" said another (Use advise.) 16. "Would you like to have lunch with me today?" said Ton "I'm afraid I couldn't; I can't leave the office," said the girl. 17. "Don't take more than two of these at once," said the doctor, handing me a bottle of pills. 18. "Could I speak to Albert, please?" I said. "He's still asleep," said his mother. "Then please wake him," I said. "I have news for him." 19. "I'd buy the big tin if I were you," said the grocer. 20. "You're being exploited," said the other au pair girls. "You ought4o leave your job." 21. "Fasten your seat belts; there may be a little turbulence," said the air hostess. 22. "Don't drive through fog with only a fog light on," he said, "or oncoming drivers may take you for a motorcycle." 23. "Could I see your driving licence?" said the policeman.
24. "You'd better sweep up that broken glass," I said. 25. "The bathroom's empty now," she said. "Will you put the light out when you've finished?" 26. "Remember to insure your luggage," my father said. 27. "Please don't drink any more," said his wife. "Don't forget that we have to drive home." 28. "Do go to a dentist, Tom, before your toothache gets any worse," I said.
29. "Why don't you cut your hair?" he said. "You'd find it much easier to get a job if you looked tidy." 30. "Could I have some more pudding, please?" said the boy.
50. Put the following into indirect speech.
1. "Would you please fill in this form and then join the queue by the door?" said the clerk.
2. "Could you read the last sentence again, please?" said the examiner. 3. "Could I have a new cheque book, please?" said the girl. "Could you show me your old cheque book?" said the bank
clerk. 4. Postcard: Be ready to move off at very short notice. Tom. Ann (reading it to Mary): Tom says that we ... 5. "Please, please don't tell my mother," begged the boy. 6. "Don't fire except in self-defence," said the police sergeant. 7. "Why don't you take the rest of the day off?" said my assistant. 8. "Will you help me to move the piano, please?" said my aunt. 9. "Don't drive too close to the car in front," said the driving instructor. 10. "Don't smoke near the petrol pump," said the mechanic 11. "When you've chosen a book, bring it to me and I’ll stamp it," said the librarian. 12. "Show the boarding card to the man at the foot of the gangway," said the clerk. 13. "Reduce speed now," said a huge notice. (Omit now.) 14. "Could I see your ticket, please?" said the inspector. 15. "Keep an eye on your luggage," he said. "This place is full of thieves." 16. "When you have read this, pass it on to the next person on the list," he said.
17. "Why not light a fire on the bank and cook the fish at once?" suggested the fisherman.
18. "Whenever you see the number "7" on the screen, press this button," he said. 19. "Sit down and tell me what is worrying you," he said to her. 20. "Walk along the line of men," said the police sergeart "and if you recognize your attacker, just nod. Don't say am thing." 21. "Even if you feel hungry don't eat anything betwee, meals," said the dietician. 22. "Could you ring up the taxi rank and order a taxi for me?" said Tom. "Why don't you go by tube?" said Ann. "It's much quicker.' 23. "Let's buy some yeast and make our own bread," said Man "The bread we're getting now is absolutely tasteless." 24. "If you have to use the river water," said the guide, "b< it first. Don't drink it unboiled." 25. "Let's not tell anyone," said Tom, "till we are quite ce1 tain that the report is true." 26. Tom (on phone to Ann): I've got the tickets. Meet me the air terminal at 6.30. (Imagine that you are Ann. Report this message to Man who is standing beside you: Tom says ...) 27. "Let's show that we are united," urged the shop stewan "by voting unanimously to continue the strike." 28. "Will customers please count their change," said a notice above the cashier's desk, "as mistakes cannot be rectified afterwards." 29. "Don't clap yet," warned my friend. "She hasn't finished. Singers loathe people who clap too soon," he added. 30. "Don't forget to put your name at the top of the page," he said.
51. Put the following into indirect speech.
1. Letter (from Paul to Ann): Please get me a small tent and camping equipment for two people.
Ann (telling Mary about this): Paul wants ...2. Mr White (on phone to Mr Black's secretary): Ask Mr Black to meet me at six in the bar on the ground floor. Secretary (reporting this to Mr Black): Mr White would like ... 3. "Shall I go and get a candle?" said Ann when the light went out suddenly. "I'd rather you got another bulb," said Mr Jones. "But there aren't any," said Ann, "and the shops are shut." 4. "Don't worry about a few mistakes," said Peter. "I make mistakes all the time." "Do you learn from your mistakes?" I asked. "Or do you keep making the same ones?" 5. "I'm looking for a man called Albert, who drinks in this bar," I said. "I should keep away from Albert if I were you," said the barman. "He doesn't like strangers and might turn nasty." 6. "Could I have a look at your paper for a moment?" said the man. "I just want to see the football results." "I haven't quite finished with it," I said. "Could you wait a moment?"
"I can't wait long," he said. "I'm getting off at the next stop." 7. "You woke everyone up last night," said my mother. "You must try to be quieter tonight." "We will," I promised. 8. "The soup's cold again," complained Mr Jones. "Why do I lever have hot soup?" "Because the kitchen's so far from the dining room," explaining his wife. "If you insist on living in a castle you must put up its disadvantages." "What about getting an ex-Olympic as an au pair girl?" said
Mr Jones. "She wouldn't stay," sighed his wife. 9. "Your licence is out of date," said the policeman. "It is," I admitted, "but I've applied for a new one." "Next time," he said severely, "apply for a new one before your current one has expired." 10. "I'll have the money for you next week. Shall I post it to you?" I said. "Could you keep it in your safe till I can come and collect it?" said Tom. "A lot of my mail has been going astray lately and I'd hate to lose one of your large cheques." 11. "Could I borrow your map again?" said Peter. "You're always borrowing it. Why don't you get one of your own?" I said. 12. "When you hear the fire bell," he said, "shut the windows and go downstairs." "And what shall we do if the stairs are blazing?" I asked. 13. "Can you hear that noise?" Ann said. "What do you think it is?" "I think it's only rats running up and down inside the wall," I said. "I think it's someone trying to get in," she said. "You'd better go and see." 14. "It's your turn to baby-sit tonight," they told Ann. "It can't be!" said Ann indignantly. "I baby-sat last night! And the night before! And I'm only supposed to do two nights a week!"
"Could you possibly do it just this once?" they said. "And we promise not to ask you to do any next week." 15. "This is the best restaurant in town," said the taxi driver "The only problem is that they expect guests to wear ties." "Then why have you brought us here?" said the tourists in
dignantly. "Don't get excited," said the taxi-driver, opening a box. "I keep ties specially for gentlemen in your predicament. What colour would you like? They're all the same price."
16. "Shall I start tomorrow?" I said. "I'd rather you started today," said Tom. 17. "Why don't you go and see the film? It may help you to understand the book," I said. "But the film's quite different from the book," Ann pointed out. 18. "I saw the two climbers," said the helicopter pilot. "And one of them sat up and waved to me." "Which one of them waved?" I said. "I don't know," he answered. "I wasn't near enough to see them clearly." 19. "What caused the ship to sink?" I said. "She must have struck the submerged wreck," said the coxswain of the lifeboat. "But I can't understand it, because the wreck is very clearly marked with buoys." 20. "My car won't start!" exclaimed Mary. "The battery's flat again! Could you possibly give me a push just to start me down the hill?" "Why don't you sell that car?" said Bill. "Nobody would buy it," said Peter. "What about just putting a match to it?" 21. "I've been given so many bottles of wine lately that I'll have to buy another wine rack," said Mr Jones. "Why don't you throw a party and save yourself the expense of a wine rack?" I suggested. 22. "Press button A to start the engine," he said. "But last time you told me to press button B!" I said. "That was on a slightly different type of machine," he explained. 23. "Don't brake if you find yourself skidding," said Tom. "That only makes it worse. Try to steer into the skid." "I know what I should do," I said. "But when I start skidding I get so excited that I do the exact opposite." "Then stop and let me take over," said Tom. "We're just coming to an icy bit and I don't want to die just yet." 24. "I've run out of stamps," said my father. "Have you got any?" "No, but I'll go out and get you some if you like," I said. "Don't bother," he said. "I've missed the post anyway." 25. "Repairs to cars rented from us must be arranged through our office," he said. "So if anything goes wrong with the one you've hired, please ring the number printed on your card. The office is open from nine to six, Monday to Friday." "But what shall I do if something goes wrong with it outside office hours?" I said. 26. "Why didn't you signal to the tanker that she was com. ing too close?" I said.
"We did signal," said the pilot, "but she came on in and ran aground." "What's going to happen to her?" I said. "We're going to try to tow her off at the next high tide," he said. "But if we don't get her off tonight she'll be here till she breaks up, and there'll be an oil slick all along the coast."
27. "Why are you spending so long on those accounts?" I asked. "Because I can't make them balance," he said. "I seem to be £13 short; and that means that I'll have to put in £13 of my own money to make it up." "Would you like me to go through them and see if I can find a mistake?" I said. "No," he said, "but I'd like you to lend me £13." 28. "Why are you looking so depressed, Jack?" I said. "Because I've just asked Ann to marry me and she's refused," he said sadly.
"I think she prefers clean-shaven men," I said. "Why don't you cut your hair and shave off your beard and try again?" 29. "How did you get up that tree?" Mary asked. "I used a ladder, of course," he snapped, "but someone went off with it when I was sawing. Go and get another one and don't just stand there asking silly questions." 30. "Are you ill?" he said coldly. "No," I said.
"Did you sleep well last night?" "Yes," I said. "Then why are you sitting about when all the others are working? Go out at once and give them a hand." 31. "Will passengers with nothing do declare please go through the green door?" said a customs official. "You'd better go through the green door, Mary," said Peter, "but I'll have to go through the other one. I'll take a bit longer than you will, so wait for me at the other end." 32. (Imagine that you have received the following postcard from your brother Tom. Report it at once to the other members of the family. Begin: Tom says ... ) Don't worry about me. I wasn't badly injured and I'm being very well looked after. I'm coming back next Wednesday on the nine o'clock flight from Zurich. Could you please meet the plane? 33. "What shall I do with my wet shoes?" said the boy. "You'd better stuff them with newspaper and put them near the fire," said his mother. "But don't put them too near or they'll go hard." 34. "Let's drive on to the next village and try the hotel there," he said. "But what'll we do if that's full too?." I asked. "We'll just have to sleep in the car," he said. "It will be too late to try anywhere else." 35. "They have a rather fierce dog," safd Ann; but he's a heavy sleeper, and with any luck he won't hear you breaking in." "What'll I do if he wakes up?" I said. "If he starts growling, give him some of these biscuits," said Ann. "How do you know that he likes these particular biscuits?" "All dogs like them," Ann assured me. "It says so on the packet."
36. "If you even touch one of the pictures," warned the attendant, "alarm bells will ring all over the gallery and you will be arrested instantly." "Are you serious?" I said. "Try it and see," he answered with a glint in his eye.
52. Put the following into indirect speech.
Remember:
1. He said, "Let's go" usually becomes:
(a) He suggested going
though possible in certain cases are:
(b) He suggested that they should go
(c) He urged/advised them to go.
He said, "Let's not go" can be expressed by any of these constructions in the negative; but suggest + negative gerund is slightly less usual than the others and is often replaced by the (b) type of construction or by:
He was against going/against the idea/ against it.
He was opposed to the idea/He opposed the idea etc.
2. He said, "Let them go," can become:
(a) He suggested that they should go/suggested their go ing but usually it expresses an obligation and becomes:
(b) He said that they should/ought to go.
Very occasionally it expresses a command and becomes:
(c) He said that they were to go.
"Let him/them" can also express the speaker's indifference: "Everyone will laugh at you,' I said. "Let them!" he retorted. He expressed indifference/said didn't mind. 3. Let is also an ordinary verb meaning allow: "Let me go!" the boy said to the policeman. The boy asked the policeman to let him go.
1. "Let's go to the cinema," said Ann. "Yes, let's," I said. 2. The Prime Minister said, "Let us show the nation that we are worthy of their confidence." (Use urged.) 3. "Let me stay up a little longer tonight, mother," begged the child. 4. "Let's eat out tonight," said Ann. "Too expensive," objected Tom. "Why don't we go back to your flat and have scrambled eggs?" 5. The police officer said, "Let's leave the wrecked car here for a bit. It may remind other drivers to be more careful." 6. "The neighbours will object!" said Ann. "Let them," said Tom. 7. "Let's go on a diet," said Ann. "All right," said Mary reluctantly. 8. "Tom made this mess. Let him clear it up," said his father. 9. "It's Mothering Sunday tomorrow," said the boy. "Let's buy Mum some flowers."
10. "Let's take a tent and camp out," said Bill. 11. "Let's give a party," said Ann. "Let's not," said her husband. 12. I said, "Let's not jump to conclusions. Let's wait till we hear confirmation of this rumour." 13. "The newspapers will say it's your fault," warned hi? colleagues.
"Let them say what they like," he said. 14. "Let the nations forget their differences and work together for peace," said the preacher. 15. "Let me explain," she said. "Don't be in such a hurry." 16. "Let the children play in the garden if they want to," she told the gardener. "I'm sure they won't do any harm." 17. "Let's stay here till the storm has passed," I said. 18. "It's the government's fault. Let them do something about it," grumbled my father.
53. Put the following into indirect speech.
Remember:
must (first person)
"I must" can remain unchanged but usually becomes had to though would have to is better for an obligation which has only just arisen or is likely to arise in the future.
Reading the letter he said, "Good heavens! I must go at once!"
He said, "If she gets worse I must stay with her."
These would become respectively:
He said that he'd have to go and
He said that he'd have to stay.
"must I?" usually becomes had to.
"I must not" usually remains unchanged.
must (second and third persons)
"you/he must" usually remains unchanged.
"must you/he?" usually becomes had to.
"you/he must not" remains unchanged or becomes weren't
to/wasn't to.
must used for permanent commands or prohibitions or to express advice always remains unchanged.
must used to express deduction never changes.
needn't
"I needn't" can change to didn't have to/wouldn't have
to in the same way that "I must" changes to had to/would have to, but it very often remains unchanged.
"you/he needn't" usually remains unchanged.
"need I/you/he?" remains unchanged or becomes had to.
have to
Forms with have to follow the usual rules. Remember that "had to" in direct speech will become had had to in indirect: He said, "After the lecture I had to rush home."
He said that after the lecture he had had to rush home.
1. He said, "If what you say is true I must go to the police." 2. He said, "I must be at the docks at six a.m. tomorrow." 3. "Must you make such a noise?" he asked. 4. "You mustn't come in without knocking," he told us. 5. "Your ticket will cost £5," I said. "In that case," said my nephew, "I must go to the bank tomorrow." 6. Park notice: Dogs must be kept on a lead.
7. His father said, "Tom must work harder next term." 8. "You needn't come in tomorrow," said my employer "Take the day off." 9. "I must go to the dentist tomorrow," he said. "I have an appointment." 10. Notice: Passengers must not lean out of the window. 11. He said, "There must be someone in the house; there's smoke coming from the chimney." 12. She said, "When you are a big boy you'll have to tie your own shoes." 13. "Port wine must never be shaken," my wine-merchant said. 14. "He hasn't had anything to eat since breakfast; he must be starving," she said. 15. The official said, "This passport photo isn't like you at all You must have another one taken." 16. "You mustn't play with knives, children," said their mother. 17. "I needn't get up till nine tomorrow," I said. 18. Railway regulations: Passengers must be in possession or a valid ticket before travelling. 19. "How did you get your bulldog up the escalator?" I said. "I carried him," said Tom. "You must be very strong," I said admiringly. 20. "You mustn't tell anyone what I've just told you," she said to me. 21. "Need I eat it all, mummy?" said the child. "Yes, dear, you must," she said. 22. "I had to drive your pigs out of my garden," she said. 23. "Sticks and umbrellas must be left at the desk," said the notice in the museum. 24. "Must you do it all tonight? Couldn't you leave some for tomorrow?" I asked her. 25. "When you go through Bayeux you must see the tapestry," he told me. 26. He said, "You must walk faster; you are far too slow." 27. "You mustn't forget to put the stamp on or your friend will have to pay double postage," he told me. 28. "I needn't tell you how grateful I am," he said.
54. Put the following into direct speech with the appropriate punctuation.
1. She asked if he'd like to go to the concert and I said that I was sure she would. 2. She told me to look where I was going as the road was full of holes and was very badly lit. 3. They said that while they were bathing they saw someone examining their clothes, 4. I asked if she had looked everywhere and she said that she had. 5. He suggested giving her a bottle of wine.
6. He said that the new carpet had arrived and asked where he was to put it. 7. He said two days previously an enormous load of firewood had been dumped at his front gate and that since then he hadn't been able to get his car out, 8. They offered me some more wine and I accepted. 9. He said that if I found the front door locked I was to go round to the back. 10. She asked the burglars who they were and who had let them in: They told her to sit down and keep quiet unless she wanted to get hurt. 11. He asked what the weather had been like during my holiday and I said that it had been awful. 12. He suggested going down to the harbour and seeing if they could hire a boat. 13. He said that if I didn't like escalators I could go up the emergency staircase. I thanked him and said that I would do that. 14. He suggested that Tom and I should go ahead and get the tickets. 15. He said that he thought my electric iron was unsafe and advised me to have it seen to. 16. He said that if war broke out he would have to leave the country at once. 17. I asked him if he had enjoyed house-hunting and he said that he hadn't. 18. She said that she was surprised to see that the grandfather's clock had stopped and asked if anyone had been fiddling with it. 19. She said that she had tried to ring up her mother several times on the previous day but had not succeeded in getting through. 20. I asked her if she'd like to borrow the book but she thanked me and said that she had already read it and hadn't liked it very much. 21. He wanted to know if I was going to the dance and suggested that we should make up a party and go together. 22. I told her to stop making a fuss about nothing and said that she was lucky to have got a seat at all. 23. The clerk in the booking office inquired if I wanted a single or return ticket. I asked if a return was any cheaper. He said it made no difference. 24. My employer hoped I would not be offended if he told me that, in his opinion, I would do better in some other kind of job. 25. The AA man told the woman that if her wheels had gone a couple of inches nearer the edge, the car would have plunged into the ravine.
26. He said I mustn't mind if the first one wasn't any good. 27. He asked the crowd if they thought that he was a liar and the crowd shouted that they did. 28. I stopped a man in the street and asked him to help me with my car. The man asked if it would take long, explaining that he was on his way to catch a train.
55. Write the sentences in reported speech replacing the word said by one of the words at the head of the exercise. Use each word once only: suggested, agreed, muttered, exclaimed, insisted, whispered, boasted, admitted, shouted, claimed, objected, protested.
1. "I can speak six languages fluently," he said. 2. "Let's go to the cinema tonight," he said.
3. "Stop that noise in the classroom," said the teacher. 4. "That car you are driving is my property," the man said. 5. "Yes, I broke the windows with my catapult," the boy said.
6. "You can't take me to prison. I know my rights," the man said. 7. "I shall always love you," said the fiancee. 8. "We don't have enough money to carry out the plan," said the treasurer.
9. "This teacher doesn't know what he's talking about," said the student. 10. "Well, it's a surprise to meet you here today!" she said. 11. "Well, yes, if the weather is bad, we can't go," he said. 12. "If you can't come today, you simply must come tomorrow," she said.
56. You went to a party last week where you were introduced to several people you had never met before. In conversation with a friend you now talk about the party and report the various questions that different people asked you during the course of the evening.
1. Who did you come to the party with? 2. Did you come with a friend? 3. Why aren't you drinking? 4. Would you like something to drink? 5. Where do you live? 6. Do you know many people here? 7. When did you arrive? 8. What do you do for a living? 9. Did you see that marvellous documentary on TV last night? 10. Have you been watching the latest TV serial?
11. How do you like your coffee — black or white? 12. What time is it? 13. What's your telephone number? 14. Can I give you a ring tomorrow? 15. How will you get back home?
57. Match the statements with the verbs given; then rewrite the sentences in reported speech: complain, gasp, declare, report, explain, promise, sneer, groan, stammer, concede, snap, announce.
1. No one ever takes my advice. 2. You don't call that a car, do you? 3. I — I didn't mean to be rude. 4. You might try minding your own business. 5. The meeting will begin at 7.30. 6. You have to push this button first and then the machine will work. 7. If you don't like new way of doing things you can get on with the job yourself. 8. I've never seen anything like it. 9. You shall have the money back by the end of the week. 10. That's the fifth time I've heard that joke.
11. I see that you were right, after all. 12. I've just seen a murder committed.
58. Write sentences in reported speech using the most suitable reporting verb for each sentence or using said/with an adverb of manner.
1. It's up to you to decide but don't come and ask me for help if you get into difficulties. 2. Don't forget to take your passport with you. 3. For Heaven's sake stop asking me stupid questions. 4. Surely you don't think your friend is serious. 5. Do as you are told and stop arguing. 6. What a fool I was not to accept the job! Still, it can't be helped now. 7. Here's a toast to bride and bridegroom. 8. Please don't say anything to him for my sake. 9. Shall I post this letter for you?
10. I've had just about enough of your insolence and you'll go to the headmaster. 11. Do you mean to say that you've lost the money on horse-racing? 12. If you are so clever why don't you try doing it yourself? 13. Of course, I could have won the race easily if I had really tried. 14. Go away! Can't you see I'm busy? 15. Give me the keys to the safe or you'll regret it.
59. A friend of yours at work sees you during the day and complains about her work. Report this to another friend a few days later. Begin your report as suggested at the end of the text.
"I'm fed up. We're stock-taking in our department and it's terrible. I've been working for six hours non-stop and I can't do any more. It wouldn't seem so bad, if it was raining — I hate having to work so hard when it's fine outside. It was just the same yesterday. I started at nine in the morning and by five in the afternoon I was dropping on my feet. I asked my boss if I could leave at half past five as I'd worked late the day before but he said I had to get the work finished. I shall be thankful when it's all over."
Mary stopped me at work the other day. She was really fed up ...
60. Consumer report.
Give the actual comments made to researchers for the Consumers' Association magazine Which?
We collected opinions about sleeping quilts from some 1,200 members. Members owning quilts liked them chiefly for the case of making the bed, for their warmth, and for their light weight. The two biggest grumbles were that sleeping quilts sometimes tended to"slip off the bed and were sometimes too warm or too cold. Most members who hadn't got quilts said that they were happy with the blankets they already had or liked to be tucked in firmly at night (not possible with quilts) or thought that quilts were too expensive.
(from Which? magazine, October 1980)
61. Rewrite the passage in direct speech.
When the woman returned, Mr Boggis introduced himself and straight away asked if she would like to sell her chairs.
Dear me, she said. But why on earth should she want to sell her chairs? No reason at all, except that he might be willing to give her a pretty nice price.
And how much would he give? They were definitely not for sale,
just out of curiosity, just for fun, how much would he give?
Thirty-five pounds.
How much?
Thirty-five pounds.
Dear me, thirty-five pounds. Well, well, that was very interesting. She'd always thought they were valuable. They were very old. They were very comfortable, too. She couldn't possibly do without them, not possibly. No, they were not for sale but thank you very much all the same.
They weren't so very old, Mr Boggis told her, and they wouldn't be at all easy to sell, but it just happened that he had a client who rather liked that sort of thing, maybe he could go up another two pounds — call it thirty-seven.
How about that?
(from Parson's Pleasure by R. Dahl)
62. Rewrite the passage in direct speech.
Joan worked in a shop selling tapes and records. One day a middle-aged woman came in, sat on a stool in front of the counter and beamed at Joan. Addressing Joan familiarly she said she wanted a record — one she had heard on the radio that morning. Joan asked what the record was called. The woman shook her head, and said she didn't remember, though she would know it if she heard it. She suggested Joan should play her some and settled herself more comfortable on her stool. Joan pointed out that they had hundreds of records in stock and that it would take a very long time to play her even a little of each. She asked the lady if she could hum it to her. The woman giggled and replied that she couldn't sing "God save the Queen" in tune. They would get into a worse muddle if she started humming. She looked very depressed but suddenly her face brightened. She had just remembered something, she said; it came from a play in which, there was a woman who spoke very badly but who after a time learned to talk beautifully. Joan asked if it would be from My Fair Lady. The woman exclaimed that that was it. She wished Joan had thought of it earlier instead of wasting time asking silly questions. She supposed Joan was new to her job.
63. Imagine you are Gordon and report this conversation to another friend one day after the event.
"What's under there?" I asked, seeing the bulge at Claud's waistline. He pulled up his sweater and showed me two thin but very large white cotton sacks which were bound neat and tight around his belly. "To carry the stuff," he said darkly.
"I see." "Let's go", he said. "I still think we ought to take the car." "It's too risky. They'll see it parked." "But it's over three miles up that wood." "Yes," he said. "And I suppose you realize we can get six months in the clink if they catch us." "You never told me that." "Didn't I?" "I'm not coming," I said. "It's not worth it." "The walk will do you good, Gordon. Come on."
(from The Champion of the World by R. Dahl)
64. Report the following interview as if you were the doctor.
The doctor waited. The clock ticked. I stared at the fire.
"Jake doesn't want any more children," I said.
"Do you like children, Mrs Armitage?"
"How can I answer such a question?"
"Do you think it would be wrong not to like children?"
"I don't know yes. Yes, I think so,"
"Why?'
"Because children don't do any harm."
"Not directly, perhaps. But indirectly ..."
"Perhaps you don't have any," I said.
"Oh, yes. Three. Two boys and a girl."
"How old are they?"
"16, 14 and 10"
"And do you like them?"
"Most of the time."
"Well, then. That's my answer. I like them most of the time."
(from The Dumpkin Eater by P. Mortimer)
65. Rewrite the sentences in direct speech. Note that in those examples there is an implied dialogue and that the reported version is, in some cases, very much a paraphrase of the original. Students should reconstruct the dialogues in their most likely original form, e.g.
Tony accepted without reservation my suggestion that we Should try to get local support for the new theatre company. "I would suggest, Tony, that we try to get local support for the new theatre company." "Yes, I absolutely agree."
1. When I asked his advice about taking the job he seemed indifferent as to whether I accepted it or not. 2. When questioned by the master about the disappearance of a bicycle from the school cycle sheds two days before, the boy flatly denied having anything to do with it. 3. Peter's request to his employer to have the next day off met with a blunt refusal. 4. He asked me to lend him five pounds, which I agreed to do, somewhat reluctantly, on condition that he paid me back the following week. 5. Michael rang up Jean at the last moment, apologizing profusely for being unable to go to dinner with her that evening. Despite his apology Jean was very put out and said that he might have let her know earlier, she wouldn't have needed to make such elaborate preparations. 6. I was taken completely by surprise and in fact could hardly believe Margaret was serious when she told me she was going to leave England early the following year to take up a job abroad. 7. When the lady protested at being told to open her suitcase for inspection, the Customs Official firmly but politely pointed out that she must do as she was asked. 8. After the accident the bus driver accused the motorist of not looking where he was going, to which the latter reported that if the other hadn't been driving so fast, he himself would have had a chance of stopping in time.
66. Translate into English.
1. Час назад он сказал, что придет сюда вечером. 2. Она напомнила мне, что вечером будет собрание. 3. Она сказала, что Джейн хорошо играет на рояле. 4. Она сказала с грустью, что должна уехать. . 5. Она сказала в отчаянии, что никогда больше не будет
счастлива. 6. Она воскликнула в негодовании, что он лжет. 7. Он сказал, что эти книги продаются во всех магазинах. 8. Я был уверен, что его пошлют на конференцию. 9. Она сказала, что на каникулах хочет поехать по Волге 10. Он сказал, что потерял часы. 11. Он сказал, что они обсудят этот вопрос на следующей неделе. 12. Она сказала, что они играют в футбол с утра. 13. Я сказал, что долго не играл в крикет. 14. Мой брат сказал, что очень устал, так как 3 часа играл в крикет. 15. Она сказала, что игра не состоится, если погода будет плохая.
67. Translate into English.
1. Он меня спросил, курю ли я. 2. Я спросил Мэри, сможет ли она сходить в магазин.
3. Я его спросил, ходит ли он на прогулку каждый вечер. 4. Джек меня спросил, умею ли я плавать. 5. Я спросил учителя, можно ли с ним поговорить. 6. Джон меня спросил, иду ли я в кафе. 7. Г-н Смит спросил, отправил ли я его письмо. 8. Я спросил отца, вернул ли сосед книгу. 9. Он меня спросил, поеду ли я на следующей неделе в Бостон. 10. Линда меня спросила, кто руководит этим учреждением. 11. Он спросил продавца, сколько стоит эта пишущая машинка. 12. Боб меня спросил, где живет Джейн. 13. Анна меня спросила, куда я иду. 14. Я спросил учителя, что значит это слово. 15. Мэри спросила, почему я так много курю. 16. Джимми спросил ее, кто ей звонил час тому назад. 17. Боб спросил Линду, почему она ему ничего не сказала про этот замечательный концерт в Карнеги Холл. 18. Том меня спросил, когда вернется г-н Джонсон. 19. Ева спросила меня, где я проведу свои каникулы.
68. Translate into English.
1. Том сказал, что лифт не работает. 2. Анна сказала, что она живет в Бостоне. 3. Она сказала, что они часто ходят в кино. 4. Линда сказала, что они идут в кино. 5. Джон сказал, что Смиты переехали в Лос-Анджелес. 6. Мэри сказала, что вчера вечером ей звонил Том. 7. Джо мне сказал, что через час вернется. 8. Анна сказала Джону, что она не может с ним пойти в кино. 9. Он сказал, что ему надо закончить сочинение к двум
часам. 10. Ева сказала, что она вышла из дому до того, как пришла телеграмма.
General Review
I. Correct all the grammar mistakes.
A MYSTERY STORY
One night last week, Jack Jordon was calling the famous detective, Edward -Grimsley, on the telephone.
"I called tell you about my Uncle Ambrose," he said. "At 8.00 this evening, I was waiting for him at a gourmet restaurant downtown. We were planning meet for dinner there. You ought know that he's a very rich man and famous." "Yes, I seem to remember his name," answered the detective. In fact, I reading a newspaper article about him while I was have lunch just a few days ago. Didn't he vacationing on a Caribbean Elsland last week?"
"Yes, he is, and he was brought back a lot a money with him. I'm worried about my uncle because many people were knowing about the money. It possible for you to meet me at his apartment?"
Detective Grimsley was agreed to meet Jack, and he was waiting in front of the apartment when Jack was arriving by taxi.
"Did you trying call him tonight?" he was asking Jack.
"Yes, I did," Jack answering. "When he wasn't coming to dinner, I call his number, but I wasn't getting any answer."
The two walked quickly to the door of Ambrose Penwright's apartment. It wasn't locked, so they opened the door and were going into the dark room. "I'll have to turning on the light on the other side of the room," Jack said, and he disappeared into the darkness. Soon light filled the small room. The door to the safe behind him was open, and his Uncle Ambrose was lie on the floor in front of him. .With a frightened look on his face, Jack steps back over his uncle. "I'm afraid of look," he said to the detective. "Is ... is he dead?"
"He's unconscious," answering Grimsley, "but he's still alive. He's an old man and not very strong. Was easy for someone hit him on the back of the head and to take the money from the safe. And that person — I'm sorry saying — was you, Jack Jordon. Are you ready for go? You'll have coming with me." How did Detective Grimsley know the truth?
2. Correct the errors in these stories. Some sentences are correct.
1. A classmate invited Aziz to a bachelor party for a guy in their chemistry class. It was a surprise party, so everyone avoided to talk about it. Aziz pictured many single men have a party with many single women, and he worried about to go to the party alone, so he invited his sister. She wasn't interested in go. She said she didn't enjoy meeting new people because her English wasn't very good. Aziz knew he couldn't make her to go, but he kept urging her, and finally she agreed. When they arrived at the party, Aziz' sister couldn't stop stare. All the guests were men' The host laughed and laughed.
2. Thanh was really worried about to take his final exam in economics. But he did well on the exam, and afterwards he didn't feel like go home. He preferred to celebrate. His friend, Frank, suggested go out for some beer. Thanh accepted and thanked Frank for inviting him. They went with three other classmates, drank a lot, and ordered food, too. When Thanh saw everyone to contribute money to pay the check, he began worry. He didn't have a dime. He was expecting Frank to pay for evening because Frank invited everyone. So he asked Frank to let him borrowing some money. He appreciated Frank loan him money.
3. Go to dinner parties was of Miguel's favourite activities. In his country, Miguel used to going out overnight of the week. After to be in the United States for a few months, he got tired of stay home all the time. He began going to discotheques. One night, two women at a disco invited Miguel to dinner that weekend. He didn't wait long before accept. When the evening of the dinner arrived, Miguel was with a few friends. They left his apartment at 8.30, so Miguel went to the woman's place at 9.00 They were upset. They said they were planning on starting dinner at 7.30, and now the food was ruined. Miguel apologized for that he followed the customs in his country, but he was still very much embarrassed.
3. Correct all the grammar mistakes. Some sentences are correct.
The Olympic games have begun in the fifth century BC. The first games were most simple ones: the competition was consisted of a single foot race. Other ancient Greek festivals have included many more events — jumping, wrestling, and so on.
In the original games, winning as a sport brought the higher possible honour to the athlete and his family. Best prize of all was a simple crown of olive leaves. Later, however, the Greeks have begun paying athletes, and they become interested more in money than in honour.
In recent years, too, there have been being problems with the professionalism of Olympic competitors. Only "amateurs" may compete in the games, but there were many examples lately of athletes who have receiving money for participation in sports.
From the beginning of the modern Olympic games in 1896. up to now, there have been many special, exciting moments. Since networks has begun televising the games, people all over the world shared these events, and of course, most people have been read about them in the newspaper.
One of the most exciting Olympic moments has occurred in 1904 when the Cuban runner Felix Carvajal lost his money in New Orleans and can't take the train to the games in St Louis, Missouri. To participate in a race, he has had to run the 700 miles to St Louis.
In the twentieth century, one of the baddest problems of the Olympic was political conflicts. In 1916, 1940 and 1944 world war stopped the competitions. For many years, people have been argued about the participation of athletes from South Africa in the games.
4. Correct the errors in these conversations. Some sentences are correct.
1. A.: You look depressed. Is there anything wrong?
В.: Well ... it's just that I didn't have a date since last summer.
A.: Yeah, I know ... but why do you stay home all the time? You don't go to a party for months. You've have to get out more to meet people.
В.: I guess so. I have met some nice women in my class, but they haven't been liking me. I haven't been had much fun for the beginning of the semester.
2. A.: Hey, you guys, it's time to get ready for the party We've got to clean up this apartment.
В.: I've cleaning up all morning, and I've haven't finished yet. Why you haven't been helping me?
C.: I've been thinking about the refreshments and the music since hours. Someone has to make the plans.
3. A.: Have you heard the news about Margie? В.: No, I didn't. What happened?
A.: She been going out with her boss! В.: Really? How long this been going on? A.: They've dating since he has been getting a divorce a few months ago.
Selected Keys
ARTICLE
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the; -, the, -; the, the, a 33. -, -; the 34. -; a, the, -, a 35. -, the; a 36. a, a, a, the; the, the, -
15. 1. The 2. the, -, the 3. -, - 4. The, the, the 5. a, -, -, -
6. The, the 7. The or -, the, - 8. - 9. the, a, -, a 10. a, -, the 11. -, the 12. -, the, - 13. -, the 14. -, a or the, - 15. - 16. -, -, the 17. The or -, the or - 18. -, an 19. The, an 20. - 21. the, a 22. The, - 23. The or a, a, the, the 24. -, the, - 25. The 26. an, -, the 27. a 28. The 29. The, the 30. -, the
26. 1. There is a good Italian restaurant nearby 2. I would like to have a cup of coffee 3. Jane is an editor 4. Jack is the editor of the university paper 5. There is a magazine on the table 6. Did you find the magazine you were looking for?
7. Last night I saw a new movie ~ How did you like the movie?
8. Tom is going to buy a new car 9. Tom is going to insure the car 10. I am readin-g an interesting book 11. The book that I am reading is on the table 12. The sun was shining 13. Linda is the daughter of a well-known lawyer 14. The Cherry Orchard is a play by Chekhov 15. Because of the bad weather on Friday we could not go to Cleveland 16. The Smiths have bought a new house 17. You are right. The food here could be better 18. They offered us food and drink 19. They went to the Alps every summer 20. I am going to Boston tonight 21. Have I shown you the watch I bought in Switzerland? 22. Could you deliver the milk to my house? 23. Milk is wholesome 24. The price of gold is falling 25. Gold is a precious metal 26. He graduated from Columbia University 27. The Columbia University campus is located on the West Side 28. London is an old city 29. There are many museums in London 30. Have you ever visited the British Museum? 31. There is always hope 32. Last night I heard Rigoletto and enjoyed the music 33. I like music very much 34. I met Nancy's sister 35. There are many good restaurants in Greenwich Village 36. Let us take a Broadway bus 37. 1 am waiting for the Broadway bus 38. Mexico is rich in oil 39. Paris is the capital of France 40. The largest river in the USA is the Mississippi River 41. Pete usually goes to see the dentist once a year 42. Last Sunday we went to a jazz concert. ~ Did you like the concert? 43. Do you have a telephone? 44. The telephone rings very often 45. My wife is at the doctor's 46. The scholar was awarded the Nobel Prize 47. Jack is a good worker
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
1. 1. well 2. intense 3. brightly 4. fluent 5. fluently 6. smooth 7. accurately 8. bitter 9. soon 10. fast
7. 1. best 2. happiest 3. faster 4. creamiest 5. more colourful 6. better 7. good 8. more awkwardly 9. least 10. prettier 11. the better 12. from 13. less impressive 14. the sicker 15. than 16. twice as much as 17. few 18. much 19. farthest 20. more famous
8. 1. as soon 2. more important 3. as well 4. more expensive
5. as hot 6. more talented 7. more colourful 8. happier 9. worse
10. faster
9. I. than 2. than 3. from 4. than 5. as 6. than 7. as 8. than 9. than 10. from
PRONOUN
8. 1. some 2. some, any 3. any, some 4. any 5. some, any
6. some, any 7. any, some 8. Some, some 9. any 10. any, any
11. Any 12. some/any 13. any, any 14. Some, some 15. any 16. some 17. any/some 18. any 19. any 20. Any 21. some 22. some, some 23. some~24. any 25. any, some/any 26. Any 27. any 28. some 29. some 30. some 31. any 32. some 33. any 34. some, some 35. any 36. some/any, some
17. 1. another or the other or another one or the other one 2. another 3. the other 4. the others 5. the others, other 6. another, another, the others 7. the other 8. another, another, another or the other 9. others, the others, other 10. the other
21. (In some of the answers the relative pronoun is enclosed in brackets; this means that it can be omitted. The answers given are not necessarily the only possible answers to the questions. Notice carefully the presence or absence of commas.)
1. (a) The 8.10 is the train (which/that) Mr Black usually catches, (b) The 8.40 is the train (which/that) he caught today.
(c) Mr White is a man who usually travels up with Mr Black.
(d) Mr Brown is the man whose paper Mr White borrowed.
(e) Mr Black usually catches the 8.10, which is a fast train (f) Today he missed the 8.10, which annoyed him very much, (g) He caught the 8.40, which doesn't get in till 9.40.
2. (a) The brown umbrella was the one (which/that) Mr Penn left at home today or the one (which/that) he didn't take today, (b) The black umbrella was the one (which/that) he took or the one (which/that) he left on the bus. (c) The blue umbrella was the one (which/that) Mr Penn took by mistake, (d) Mr Count was the man whose umbrella Mr Penn took
3. (a) Malta is the place Tom and Jack wanted to go to/went to or Malta is the place to which Tom and Jack wanted to go. (b) The Blue Skies Agency is the agency Tom went to or the agency to which Tom went, (c) The Blue Seas Agency is the agency Jack went to or the agency to which Jack went, (d) The MS Banana is the ship Jack travelled on/in or the ship on/in which Jack travelled, (e) Julia is the girl (who(m)/that) Jack met on board, (f) Tom liked flying, so he went to the Blue Skies Agency, who booked or Tom, who liked flying, went etc. (g) Jack, who hated flying, went to the Blue Seas Agency, who booked
4. (a) George and Paul were (the) two men who were working on Mr Jones's roof, (b) Bill was a/the burglar who saw them going away or who stole the jewellery etc. (c) Tom was a student who lodged with Mr Jones, (d) Mrs Jones was the lady whose jewellery was stolen, (e) Mr and Mrs Smith were the people the Joneses were playing cards with or the people with whom the Joneses were playing cards, (f) the ladder Bill climbed up or up which he climbed, (g) the window he climbed through or through which he climbed, (h) the screwdriver he used or the screwdriver he opened the drawer with or with which he opened etc. (i) George and Paul, who were working on the roof, left the ladder, (j) Mr and Mrs Jones, who were out playing cards, knew nothing, (k) Bill, whose fingerprints were on the screwdriver, was later caught
5. (a) The Greens are the people Ann works for or for whom Ann works, (b) The 12.10 was the train (which/that) Ann caught or the train (that/which) Ann came up on. (c) The 12.30 was the train (which/that) Tom met. (d) Peter was a boy (who(m)/that) Ann met on the train, (e) Paul was the boy (who(m)/that) Mary had come to meet or the boy (who(m)/that) Mary was waiting for (f) The Intrepid Fox is the bar where Tom usually goes for lunch or the bar Tom usually goes to for lunch or the bar where Tom usually has his lunch, (g) Mrs Green, who thought Ann looked tired, gave her (h) Peter, who hated eating by himself, hoped (i) Tom.
who had only an hour for lunch, couldn't wait (j) Mary, whose boyfriend didn't turn up, ended by (k) Tom and Ann wasted half an hour at the station, which meant (1) Tom and Ann very nearly missed one another, which shows
22. (Relatives in brackets may be omitted.)
1. for the present (which/that) you sent 2. She was dancing with a student who had or The student with whom she was dancing 3. I'm looking after some children who are or The children I'm looking after are 4. The bed I sleep on has 5. Romeo and Juliet were two lovers whose parents 6. There wasn't any directory in the box (which/that) I was phoning from 7. This is Mrs Jones, whose son 8. The chair (which/that) I was sitting on collapsed or The chair on which I was sitting collapsed
9. Mr Smith, whom I had come especially to see, was too busy
10. The man (who(m)/that) I had come to see was 11. I missed the train (which/that) I usually catch and had to travel on the next, which was 12. His girlfriend, whom he trusted absolutely, turned out 13. The car (which/that) we were in had bad brakes and the man who was driving didn't know 14. This is the story of a man whose wife suddenly loses 15. the frontier, which will be 16. a small girl whose hand had been cut 17. into a queue of people, four of whom. 18. refugees, many of whom 19. The man (who(m)/that) I was waiting for didn't or the man for whom I was 20. in patched jeans, which surprised the guests, most of whom were 21. The firm (which/that) I work for is sending
22. The Smiths, whose house had been destroyed, were given
23. I saw several houses, most of which were 24. at 2 a.m., which didn't suit me 25. a group of boys whose plane 26. The string (that/which) they tie the parcels up with 27. his students, most of whom were 28. for 12 eggs, four of which were 29. The people (who(m)/that) he was speaking to didn't know or The people to whom he was speaking 30. The boy (who(m)/that) Peter shared a flat with was or Peter shared a flat with a boy who 31. four very bad tyres, one of which burst 32. the wonderful view (which/that) she had been told about 33. by a man (who(m)/that) I met on a train 34. The bar (which/that) I was telephoning from was or the bar from which I was telephoning was 35. The man who answered the phone said 36. The horse (which/that) I was on kept stopping to at
23. 1. Tom, who had been driving all day, was tired 2. Ann who had been sleeping, felt 3. Paul, whose tyres were new' wanted 4. Jack, whose tyres were old, wanted 5. Mary, who didn't know about mountains, thought 6. to his manager, who passed 7. were thieves, which turned out 8. the Chief of Police who ordered 9. dry bread, most of which was 10. a prisoner whose handcuffs rattled 11. a fire, which soon dried 12. across the Atlantic, which had never 13. a bus-load of children, six of whom were 14. refuses to use machines, which makes 15. I met Mary, who asked 16. prayed aloud all night, which kept 17. and in deep water the next, which makes it unsafe 18. Mary, whose children couldn't swim, said 19. Ann, whose children could swim well, said 20. cleaning ten windows, most of which 21. Jack, whose injuries were very slight, is being allowed to play, which is a good thing 22. Tom, whose leg is still in bandages, will have to 23. didn't get a seat, which out him in a temper and caused him to be rude to his junior partner, who in turn 24. Tom, who had a hangover, felt 25. His boss, who didn't drink, saw 26. The report, which should have been on his desk by 2.00, still hadn't arrived 27. Tom, whose headache was now much worse, put down receiver without answering, which
28. Ann, who liked Tom, came 29. the report, which should have taken an hour and a half, took 30. to Munich, which 31. The headwaiter, whose name was Tom, said ... recognition, which disappointed Mr Jones, who looked 32. with Lucy, whom he was particularly anxious to
24. 1. what, which 2. which 3. what, what 4. which 5. which 6. what, which 7. which 8. what 9. which 10. which 11. which 12. which 13. what 14. what 15. which 16. which, what 17. which 18. what 19. what 20. which 21. which 22. what 23. which 24. which 25. which 26. which 27. what 28. which
29. what, which 30. which, which 31. which 32. which 33. what, which 34. which 35. what 36. what
25. 1. Whatever 2. wherever 3. whatever 4. wherever 5. Whichever 6. Whoever 7. whenever 8. however 9. Whoever 10. whichever 11. whoever 12. However 13. whatever 14. however 15. Whenever 16. whoever 17. whoever 18. However 19. whatever 20. Whenever 21. whoever 22. whichever, whoever 23. whatever, whichever 24. Whoever
PREPOSITIONS. PHRASAL VERBS
5. 1. to; at; in; to 2. to; at, in 3. to, at; at, at 4. to; at, in 5 in; to 6. at, in 7. in; at 8. in, at; at 9. to; at 10. to, at; to ц. at, to, to 12. to, to, in 13. At, in, to 14. at, at; to, in 15. In, at
16. At, to, in 17. At, at 18. to, at; at; at, in 19. at, to, in, at, at 20. in 21. at, to; in; to, to 22. in; at 23. in, at, in 24. in, at 25. at; to, in 26. in, at 27. to, in 28. to, at, to, to 29. in, at 30. in, at 31. in, at 32. at, to, in 33. in, to 34. To, in; to 35. at, to, to 36. in; in; at
6. 1. on, with; with; by; in 2. in, on/into 3. to; on; On, by, in, on 4. at, out, to, of 5. at; on, off 6. to, in; on 7. to, in, on
8. on; with, of 9. of, into, in/with 10. at, on 11. out of, on 12. in, at, on; in 13. with, to, of 14. to; to, of, at, to/on; to, on 15. at/from, off/out 16. with, in; out of 17. into/out of, of, off; in, on 18. on; on, into 19. with, of, in 20. in; in; into, on 21. at, with, in; on 22. By, of; with, on 23. on, to, in/on; to, of 24. with, under, of 25. on, to, of 26. of, to 27. in, of; in; in, at/by, of, at, in 28. into, in, by, of 29. in/at; of, at, on; with, in 30. by, on 31. off; on, in 32. into, into, with 33. by, by, on, of 34. of, at, of 35. of, in, to 36. off; on; to
7. 1. in, for 2. at, since 3. At, of, for 4. in, for; During, in 5. for, on, in; from; for/on 6. under, with; in, during/in 7. by, of, in, in 8. by, for, in, of 9. from, since; on; of, to 10. for, during 11. with; for; for; in 12. for; of, for 13. under, with, for 14. in, for, in, till/until, of 15. for, on/for 16. In, of, off 17. in, by, from 18. on, to, by 19. for/to, from; in 20. at, during, for 21. by; on, for 22. by, in, on, in, in, over 23. of; in, for 24. in, for, of 25. of, from to or to from; for, to, by, for 26. at/by; for 27. from, at, with, for 28. for, till; with, for 29. on/into, off/out of, at, at 30. from, with/at; in, in, in, of 31. of; in, with 32. for, in 33. with, into/to, with 34. from, with, for; under/of, till 35. of, on; from 36. on; for
8. 1. on 2. in, from 3. in, in 4. of; In, of, in 5. on; on, in/at; at, at, at/on 6. to, with; on with; on 7. in; on with; of 8. in, by
9. of, at 10. to, for, of 11. At, to 12. about, to 13. in/by, in, up 14. for; for, for, over 15. for/about, on; about 16. of, for, from
17. for; in 18. in, with, for 19. on; for 20. with, into, with 21. for, in, on 22. In, to, to 23. by/with, out, in, of 24. of, after, in; with grass, which annoyed
25. at, away/off 26. to, of, to, away/off 27. to; on 28. In, with of, from 29. to; under 30. on, to 31. of, to 32. about, off, at/by 33. to, of 34. for, with 35. of, of, of 36. under, for, for
9. 1—, for 2. —, for 3. —, to 4. —, for 5. —, of 6. for; In, for for 7. to, — 8. in/at, —; of, for 9. for/to, in 10. —; for 11. to, for 12. —, of/in 13. for, for; of, —, for 14. for; — 15. on; — 16. to/past, —, of 17. —, at/in; —, on 18. —; —, —; to, for 19. for, for, in/at; for, — 20. to, in 21. to, —, — 22. —, in; —, with 23. —, for, at/by/on 24. to, to, in 25. —; to 26. —, —• with, of 27. —, in, in 28. to; —, of 29. —, of 30. on, —, for' for/— 31. —, in, for 32. —, till 33. —, —, to; —, —, with 34. —; to, in/with 35. —, —, in 36. to, —, in
10. (till is always replaceable by until) 1. to 2. till
3. to/till 4. till 5. till 6. till 7. to/till 8. to 9. to/till; till 10. to, till 11. to; till 12. to; till
11. 1. since; for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. for 6. Since 7. for
8. since; for 9. since; for 10. for 11. for 12. Since
12. 1. then/afterwards; after 2. after 3. After; Afterwards
4. then/afterwards 5. then, then 6. then 7. after 8. then
9. after/afterwards 10. then 11. then 12. then; Then 13. afterwards 14. afterwards 15. then 16. then
13. 1. out, in/back 2. for 3. on with 4. out of 5. up to
6. away with 7. up 8. out/about 9. off/away 10. up to 11. out 12. on with 13. over 14. over 15. up 16. away 17. through 18. of 19. up to 20. through 21. away 22. over 23. off 24. up to 25. in 26. over 27. out 28. for 29. off/into/on 30. on 31. up to 32. back 33. on/along 34. away with 35. back/in 36. out of
14. 1. on 2. back 3. down 4. after 5. in 6. ahead
7. off/away/back 8. at/for 9. out of/away from 10. back 11. up 12. back 13. up with 14. round/back 15. out 16. for 17. out for 18. out 19. back 20. forward to 21. in 22. into/at 23. on 24. out on/on to 25. through/over 26. through 27. up 28. up 29. up, down 30. forward to 31. up to 32. at 33. down on 34. up 35. on 36. through
15. 1. to/round 2. ahead/on 3. round 4. for 5. on 6. out 7. into/over 8. off 9. up 10. out 11. in for 12. out 13. down 14. round 15. up to/over to 16. through 17. back on 18. through with 19. up 20. into 21. down 22. back 23. over/through 24. off 25. along/on 26. off/away 27. away/off 28. in for
29. across/upon 30. up 31. without 32. down 33. round 34. on with 35. out 36. down
16. 1. in 2. away with 3. aback 4. though 5. up 6. up 7. down 8. after 9. after 10. over 11. up 12. back 13. up against 14. to
15. away with 16. up 17. down 18. off 19. over/through 20. to 2l over 22. for 23. into 24. in 25. for 26. out of 27. out 28. on
29. away 30. in 31. down 32. down 33. on/over 34. into 35. in 36. over
17. 1. down 2. away 3. at 4. into 5. down 6. in 7. down 8. off 9. out 10. on 11. down 12. on 13. for 14. off 15. out 16. in 17. down 18. at 19. for 20. off 21. up 22. out 23. down 24. off 25. in 26. up 27. out 28. off 29. back 30. up 31. out 32. into 33. over 34. up 35. out of 36. out/up
18. 1. away 2. back 3. up 4. off 5. for 6. back 7. off 8. out 9. off/out 10. up 11. down 12. up 13. away 14. out 15. up
16. away 17. on 18. in 19. up 20. off 21. down to 22. up 23. out
24. out/off 25. up with 26. up 27. on 28. up for 29. up 30. out 31. up 32. down 33. up 34. forward/on 35. out 36. down
19. 1. away 2. back 3. down 4. in 5. through 6. off 7. off
8. out of 9. off 10. in 11. away 12. up 13. down 14. out 15. out
16. on 17. in with 18. down/on 19. down 20. up/away 21. off
22. off 23. over 24. off 25. in 26. up 27. up 28. off 29. up
30. down 31. off 32. out 33. back on 34. out/on 35. round 36. out
20. 1. about 2. for 3. away with 4. for 5. out/off 6. over/about 7. for 8. up 9. away 10. off/out 11. through 12. for 13. up 14. round/to 15. out 16. up 17. up 18. over 19. up 20. up 21. round 22. in 23. about/around 24. out 25. out 26. away 27. down 28. out 29. up 30. on 31. up 32. down 33. up 34. up 35. on to 36. up
21. 1. out 2. out of 3. up 4. about 5. back 6. in 7. out 8. back
9. up 10. up to 11. for 12. out 13. up 14. out 15. up 16. up
17. up to 18. in 19. up 20. up 21. in 22. out 23. back 24. on
25. for 26. away 27. into 28. out 29. out 30. on 31. by 32. up 33. off 34. up for 35. down 36. off.
22. 1. over 2. out 3. for 4. off 5. up 6. out 7. to/about 8. out 9. up 10. in/out/round 11. away 12. through 13. back 14. up 15. up 16. out 17. up 18. out 19. out of 20. out 21. away 22. after
23. up with 24. up 25. to/about 26. up with 27. in/up 28. out 15»
29. down 30. out 31. up/in 32. back 33. off 34. away 35. up 36. out
23. 1. down 2. up 3. off 4. up 5. up 6. down 7. in 8. цр 9. out 10. up 11. in 12. at 13. up 14. up 15. up 16. with 17. out 18. on 19. off 20. up 21. out 22. out 23. on 24. up 25. down
26. for 27. out for 28. up 29. off, off 30. on 31. without 32. out 33. down 34. up 35. out 36. up to
24. 1. out of 2. out for 3. up to 4. up to 5. up with 6. up against 7. up for 8. away with 9. ba'ck on 10. out of 11. up for
12. away with 13. in with 14. up with/in 15. on with 16. on to
17. away with 18. up to 19. back on 20. out for 21. round to 22. over to 23. up to 24. out of 25. up with 26. up with 27. up to 28. down on 29. forward to 30. out to 31. on with 32. out of 33. out on/on to 34. up with 35. up, down 36. in for
25. 1. account for 2. blew it up 3. broke off 4. called off 5. carry out my orders/carry my orders out 6. catch up with them/catch them up 7. clear up a mystery/clear a mystery up 8. came across 9. come off 10. came round/to 11. cutting road deaths down/cutting down road deaths 12. enter for/go in for
13. get off/out of 14. get out of it 15. gave out the names/gave the names out 16. give up smoking 17. go up, come down
18. went into/looked into 19. set off/out 20. take up 21. bring up children/bring children up 22. held up 23. turn up 24. picked Spanish up/picked up Spanish 25. up to you 26. jump at it
27. keep off 28. keep up with him 29. knocked him out 30. let you off 31. getting over it 32. leave/miss out or leave/miss ...out 33. looking them up 34. make up for 35. mix up 36. pay me back/out
26. 1. Let me in 2. looked at her 3. rang him up 4. look after 5. made it up 6. pull through 7. look out 8. put off 9. look on him 10. put on uniform 11. look into 12. looked through me 13. look up my sister/look my sister up 14. put out 15. put up 16. put you all up 17. ring up 18. runs down his own garden 19. run down 20. running into 21. run up against 22. put in for 23. call in/send for 24. settle down 25. sat/stayed up 26. stand for 27. stood by him 28. takes after him 29. took up golf 30. taking me in 31. throw/give up a good job 32. turned down her application/turned her application down 33. turned out 34. wound up 35. work out 36. took on, worn out, give it up
27. 1. went 2. broken 3. set 4. turn 5. wore 6. called 7. wait g. call/put 9. put 10. try 11. get 12. come 13. knock 14. leave
15. take 16. sent 17. carrying 18. let 19. put 20. hand/pass 21. looks 22. go/keep 23. turning 24. move 25. put/switch/turn 26. put 27. puts 28. Come 29. put 30. see 31. got/jumped
32. get 33. taken 34. took 35. took 36. showing
28. 1. up to 2. brought up 3. break up 4. caught up with 5. been up to 6. do up 7. drew up 8. fill in 9. got up 10. gave it up 11. gave up 12. went up to 13. grow up 14. held up 15. keep up with 16. picked up 17. make up for 18. pick up 19. lock up 20. pulled up/drew up 21. put up with 22. tied up 23. mixed up 24. locked up 25. ring him up, look up 26. turned up 27. took up 28. put up 29. settle up 30. make up 31. make up 32. wash up
33. stood up for 34. wound up 35. stay up/sit up 36. sat up
29. 1. dropped out 2. carry out 3. breaks out 4. cut it out 5. find out 6. getting out 7. died out 8. cut/leave out 9. make out 10. backed out 11. throw out 12. pick out 13. keep out
14. looking out 15. Look/Watch out 16. sold out 17. ran out 18. rub it out 19. pointed out 20. see/show you out 21. turned out 22. set out 23. put out 24. moving out 25. wipe out
26. work/find out 27. find out 28. Put out 29. wear them out 30. blew out 31. gone out 32. let them out 33. fall out 34. come out 35. Look out/Watch out 36. stands out
30. I.I turned it down 2. running down 3. took it down 4. Put it down 5. settle down 6. took over 7. talk it over 8. ran away 9. let me down 10. went over/through 11. backed away 12. closing down 13. got over 14. look down 15. broke down
16. look it over 17. backed away 18. clear away 19. ran away 20. shouted down 21. was over 22. do way 23. die down 24. burnt down 25. broke down 26. turned away 27. boiled over 28. give it away 29. handed down 30. puts away 31. got/ran away 32. talk over 33. cut down 34. come/go down 35. went down/were over 36. turn over
31. 1. get on 2. take over 3. jump at 4. taken aback 5. make up 6. carry on 7. think it over 8. breaks up 9. look in 10. fix you up 11. turn it down 12. hanging about 13. turn up 14. taking on
15. closing down 16. settled down 17. picked up 18. handed over !9. take to 20. looking Bill up and down 21. care for 22. go on 23. put on 24. take off 25. pointed out 26. answer me back
27. fell out 28. stand up for 29. keep out 30. look up 31. looking
for 32. puts customers off 33. fall off 34. make out 35. ordered about 36. put up with 37. broke out 38. put in 39. make up for 40. taken in
32. 1. got up 2. washed up 3. set out/off 4. pick up 5 get on 6. turned out 7. care for 8. took to 9. brought up 10. pointing out 11. showing off 12. turn/switch off 13. burn down 14. ring up 15. turn/switch off 16. get in 17. locked up 18. break in 19. go up 20. rang up 21. see to 22. held on 23. got in 24. turned/switched off 25. went on 26. got out 27. handing/passing round 28. pulled/drew up 29. let you off 30. get away with 31. put out 32. Put up with 33. looks up to 34. grows up 35. looking forward to 36. looking for 37. fed up 38. caught up with 39. dying away 40. keep up with 41. get to 42. put us up 43. sold out 44. talking over
TENSES
3. 1. smells 2. are eating 3. practises 4. are driving 5. believe
6. has 7. is swimming 8. hates 9. gets 10. is moving
7. 1. think/already know 2. I'm thinking 3. I'm just smelling/don't they smell 4. I'm gradually forgetting 5. see/you're not looking/is pointing 6. Don't hear/you're just imagining 7 is hearing 8. I'm just tasting/does it taste 9. think/is seeing/don't approve 10. don't think/really knows/he is saying 11. stands 12. Do you realize/are standing 13. has
8. 1. don't build, use 2. is having 3. drinks, is drinking 4. does she do, plays, watches 5. is raining, haven't 6. leave
7. speaks, don't understand 8. is making, makes 9. wears 10. don't like 11. am wearing 12. is reading 13. am redecorating 14. is boiling 15. are you enjoying, am enjoying, want 16. do you get, go, am going 17. are you putting, am going, are you coming, do you mind 18. do you owe, I owe, do you intend 19. do you belong, do you read, do you change, I change 20. learns, doesn't seem 21. always buy/am always buying, win 22. do you like, am giving 23. promise, promise 24. do you always write 25. do you love, like, don't love 26. do you dream, dream, eat, ha\e 27. smells, do you keep 28. are always complaining/always complain 29. are using 30. is always saying/always says, does 31. do you know, falls 32. are you writing, write, do you want 33 are having, wonder, are talking 34. do you believe, don’t
believe, do you read 35. is making, do you think, doesn't matter, makes 36. is smoking, expect, are building, don't you put, does, doesn't seem
9. 1 does Tom think, thinks, agree 2. does this one cost, it costs 3. do you hear, is blowing 4. do you see, am looking, don't see 5. listens, is always thinking 6. deserts, goes 7. do you understand, don't understand 8. do you have, eat, drink 9. rises, see, are picketing 10. are you walking, walk, am hurrying, am meeting, doesn't like 11. wish, keeps, think, wants 12. do you recognize, think, don't remember 13. wonder, waiting for 14. is waiting, want 15. don't you see, see, am not wearing, does it say, says 16. is always borrowing/always borrows, remembers 17. do you need, do you feel 18. does it save, take, doesn't matter 19. am saving, am going 20. think, are getting 21. are looking, is just taking 22. does, is always working 23. is he doing, think, is polishing 24. is coming, do you want 25. is Peter getting on, seems 26. Is Mrs Pitt looking/does Mrs Pitt look, is smoking, and (is) dropping 27. leave, arrive, spend, set, sounds, get 28. makes, finds, goes, does not forget, returns, looks 29. finds, recognizes, coils, kills 30. does the snake feel, don't know, ends 31. do you end, begins, put, prefers 32. does the word "catastrophe" mean, mean 33. are you waiting, am waiting, doesn't open, know, want, starts/is starting 34. are you smoking, don't smoke, am smoking, want, says, removes 35. owns, don't know, uses, knows, owns 36. do you mind, ask, depends, concerns, refuse
10. (Negatives are given in their contracted form, affirmatives are not given in their contracted form, but in speech present progressive tenses are normally contracted in the affirmative.) 1. are you going; am going, do you want 2. do you smoke; I don't smoke, smokes, I do; spends 3. sees; are you waiting; am waiting 4. you usually go; belongs, wants; is using 5. go; takes, passes; is working, am queueing 6. Are you coming, are you waiting; think, wait, are, looks 7. are waiting; is dialling; Do you know; phones 8. does he come; comes; speaks 9. wonder, is speaking; comes, suppose, is speaking 10. are having; are opening; writes; get; have you (got) 11. says, is coming, wants 12. Do you have/Have you got; don't think; don't see; does a traffic warden do 13. walks, stays, parks, sticks 14. is putting, sees; hates 15. want; are just closing; we always close, doesn't
want 16. is listening, is reading, is doing, is writing 17. reads knits, isn't knitting 18. goes, doesn't go; likes; prefers 19. are watching; are enjoying, don't understand 20. happens; Does the teacher give; gives, shows, discusses 21. gets; sits, stands, walks runs 22. is that man standing; is trying, is waiting; doesn't he use/isn't he using; don't bother; prefer 23. are wearing; Do уou like; suits, doesn't fit 24. speak, come 25. is taking, is coming 26. talk; prefer; are talking; aren't talking 27. are having; am meeting; Do you go 28. go, am going; takes, costs 29. Are you doing; am packing, am catching; are you staying 30. Are you going; I am staying; are coming; Do you invite; invite 31. am just going; is pouring; don't you wait; stops 32. gets, washes, shaves, gets, don't hear; hear, makes 33. gets; makes, wakes; sings, bangs, drops, plays 34. don't you ask; mention, doesn't do; says, doesn't make, think, believes 35. Do you see; keeps; Do you think, is asking; expect, is making; do you make; stop, ask, write 36. starts, stays; moves; takes, does, wishes
11. 1. writes, know, is doing; Does your son write; hear; seems 2. cost; Do you think; depends 3. am seeing; am changing; are always changing; don't you leave 4. look/are looking, are you thinking, am thinking; are only just starting; know, am reading, says, starts 5. is always knocking on my door and asking; does she do; puts; don't mind, annoys, knows, needs, takes 6. does she do, runs out; borrows, takes, wants, finds 7. does she owe; don't know, don't keep; is leaving, is getting; am trying 8. don't you offer; sounds; doesn't realize, owes 9. says, owe, seem, owes, remember 10. don't think, is enjoying; keeps, is enjoying; enjoys; know, wants, is expecting/expects 11. are you staying; am leaving; am going 12. are you coming, are you going; depends; agrees; expect 13. is seeing; don't you come 14. Do you see; is watching; do you know, is watching; comes, goes, makes 15. are all these people doing, are they wearing; they are making; are working 16. sounds; Do you think; don't know, see, finish, are still taking on 17. Is Ann acting; doesn't act; imagine, knows 18. lives, come, see; doesn't bother, climbs, knocks 19. are moving; are you leaving; suits; know, does, is/are pulling down; are widening; say 20. ask, likes, says, don't know, thinks, suits, is merely being 21. want; tells, says, thinks 22. Does your sister's frankness annoy; does; doesn't want; wants 23. hear; am not living; are still working, is taking 24. think, take, expects; are they doing; are putting; seem, smoke,
slows 25. are always hammering; keeps, begins, hear; shakes 26. is stirring, is standing; says, are boiling; don't think, matters, cook, don't know, isn't getting; thickens 27. is being painted, isn't looking; Do they stop; are having 28. does the word "Establishment" mean; doesn't give; means, have 29. say, belongs, imply, accepts; isn't trying/doesn't try 30. Do all rich men belong; do, are always jeering/always jeer; is used 31. is being pulled; are using; go, get 32. smell; do; think, is coming; is probably ironing; irons, watches, gets, forgets, is pressing; is thinking 33. are you looking; am looking; am always looking, puts; put; don't you try 34. are travelling; is reading, is doing, is looking out; stops, falls 35. spends; amuses; is watching, sees 36. does; checks; doesn't need; happens, makes; makes
12. 1. are you going; we'll probably go 2. are having; is leaving/leaves 3. shall/will see; will probably look 4. am seeing; will refuse 5. shall/will know; will tell 6. will be; shall/will miss; will walk, will probably catch 7. shall/will probably come; will give, am coming 8. will get; are staying, will have to; will move 9. will he say; won't mind; will just buy 10. won't know; will leave 11. will never get; will meet, will fall 12. am going; Are you coming; shall/will probably have 13. Are you walking; will get; will bring 14. am having, are starting; will make 15. Are you taking; am taking; will pass; will/shall take 16. are you meeting; are meeting; is taking 17. are you doing; will go; will probably stay 18. is Jack arriving; is he getting; will come 19. are they doing; are going; is happening; are taking; will enjoy 20. will wake, won't get 21. are spending; shall/will manage; will turn; will be able 22. is catching, will be 23. is George coming; are moving, shall/will have to 24. am ringing; Shall I ask; shall/will be; will write 25. are having, are lunching, is standing; are giving 26. will let, shall/will find 27. are getting; Are you going; Are they having 28. Shall I wait, will take 29. will you have; will have; will have; are having, am having; will have 30. will give; am collecting 31. is getting; will happen; will ring, will sleep, will come 32. am being; is leaving, am taking; will soon be, will spend, will lose or will spend ... and lose 33. am flying; are you taking; will spend 34. are going; are having ... and going; will come; is coming; will ask 35. is coming; Shall we go'; will get, shall/will be able; won't pay 36. are opening, are having; will look; will come; are you having; are missing; are going
13. 1. are you going; am going; are you going to do; am going to fish 2. are you going; am not going; am staying/going to stay; am going to write 3. is going to rain 4. are you staying-am going; are you going to do; am going to try 5. am going to dye; Are you going to do, are you going to have it done; am going to have 6. am going to read 7. are you doing; are coming, am going to show/am showing; are you taking; am going to take/am taking 8. are starting; are going; Are you going to climb; is going to climb; am going to sit ... and do 9. are going; Are you going to sail; are taking/are going to take; are going to try 10. Aren't you going to ask; am leaving; are you going to do; Are you going to have; am starting 11. Are you going to use; am going to live; am going to start; are you going to do/are you doing, am selling/am going to sell; is getting 12. is going, is having; is going to look; is coming 13. am going to send; am seeing 14. is arriving; Is he spending; is he catching, is spending; is giving ... and attending 15. Is he bringing; is going to do, is giving 16. am starting; are you going to do; am going to study 17. Are you going; am going to get; am going; am going to ask; is joining/is going to join, they are all going to pick 18. am going to buy; is going to be 19. are you going to do; Are you going to sell; am going to learn; am having 20. am moving in; Are you going to have; am going to paint 21. Are you having; am going to do/am doing; am going to use; are going to help; am hiring/am going to hire 22. am going to do; am going to plant ... and make; Are you going to give/are you giving 23. am getting; are starting, is coming 24. are meeting; Are they just going to repeat; are they going to climb; are going to offer
14. Shall can be replaced by will in these answers. 1. shall recognize 2. will see/am seeing 3. is playing 4. is coming 5. am going 6. shall know 7. shall owe 8. shall believe 9. am having 10. will have 11. is being/will be 12. is coming 13. is catching 14. are you meeting, at meeting 15. are you riding/will you ride 16. will Mrs Pitt say, won't mind 17. will it matter 18. won't forget 19. is leaving 20. shall remember 21. will break 22. will never forgive 23. will like 24. are laying 25. will see 26. will grow 27. will understand 28. will scratch 29. shall be 30. won't pass 31. is going 32. am moving 33. will soon forget 34. will wait 35. won't write 36. will be
18. 1. am going to have 2. are going to assemble; will come 3 am going to shampoo 4. am going to make; will burn 5. am going to paint 6. am going to make 7. will look 8. will see 9. will wait 10. are going to camp ... and cook 11. am going to put 12. Are you going to wear; am going to sit ... and watch; am not going to get 13. will take 14. will have 15. will start; will get, will bake 16. is going to bake; will soon get 17. Are you going to try; am going to try; will confiscate 18. shall/will have; will come
19. am not going to take; am going to mend; is going to help
20. Are you going to paint; am going to take 21. will add; won't be able to read; am going to type; shall/will have 22. will type 23. will ring 24. am going to ring 25. Aren't you going to climb; are going to climb; are going to try; will cook, will buy 26. am going to wash; will come 27. are going to pick; will probably come, will start 28. will have to go, will be; will get; Will you let 29. will stay; will try 30. am going to start; Are you going to do; is going to help 31. is going to write; will buy; will buy 32. is going to dig 33. is the new owner going to make; is going to concentrate 34. are going to bottle 35. will go 36. are going to buy; will stay
19. 1. will/shall both be coming 2. will meet, will forget 3. will be watching; will ring 4. will/shall be doing; will still be working 5. will get, will do 6. will be coming 7. will/shall be working 8. will/shall be taking of 9. will come 10. will be playing 11. will get; will still be; will be going, will ask 12. will be, will be wondering/will wonder 13. will/shall never be able; will be helping; won't be helping; will/shall be helping 14. will write, will try; will type 15. will/shall be typing; will type 16. will tell 17. will just be coming 18. will be melting 19. will be talking ... and showing, will/shall feel 20. will tell, won't believe 21. will just be getting up 22. will be wearing; will wrap ... and go 23. will be; will be speaking, will be addressing 24. will be reading, will be ringing 25. will still be standing 26. Will you please forward; will/shall be staying 27. will be coming 28. will be leaving 29. won't start; will give 30. will be coming 31. will be looking 32. will you be arriving; will/shall be travelling; Will there be; will send 33. Will you be using; will put 34. will/shall be having; will be hobbling 35. will enjoy; won't/shan't have; will/shall be map-reading, will/shall be 36. will write
20. 1. won't do 2. won't come; won't be driving 3. won't/shan't be coming 4. won't have; won't come 5. won't/shan't be teaching 6. will/shall be doing; won't/shan't be eating 7. won't eat 8. won't bite 9. won't be coming 10. will be fishing 11. won't clean 12. won't/shan't be showing
13. won't/shan't be washing; will/shall be having
14. won't/shan't be wearing; won't recognize 15. won't be, won't believe 16. won't/shan't be delivering 17. won't be wearing 18. won't tell 19. won't be using; won't do 20. will/shall have; won't/shan't be paying 21. won't pay; will have 22. won't work 23. will get on; won't be working 24. won't even show; won't come
22. (shall can be replaced by will In these answers. Contractions may be used.} 1. will be walking 2. will walk 3. shall be bathing 4. will wash 5. shall be doing 6. shall be working/am working 7. will have 8. will be looking 9. shall be thinking/shall think 10. will assemble 11. will meet, shall I recognize, will be wearing 12. will leave, shall be going/am going 13. will be debating/are debating 14. will go 15. will be working 16. will post, shall be going/am going 17. will be dancing/will dance 18. will be letting off ... and making/will let off ... and make 19. will remain 20. shall be sitting, won't be reading 21. will be going/will go 22. will be changing/will change 23. will come 24. will bring 25. shall all be living 26. will be going/will go 27. shall not be playing 28. will be opening/will open 29. will drive 30. shall be entering 31. will hand 32. will be arriving/will arrive 33. will be leaving 34. will be using ... and leaving/will use ... and leave 35. will bring, will catch 36. will put
23. (In these answers I/we won't can be replaced by I am not going to/ we are not going to without any change in meaning. It is also grammatically possible to replace you/he/they won't by the going to form, but this would make the negative much less emphatic. Shan't is replaceable by won't.) 1. won't help 2. won't be meeting 3. won't cut 4. won't be cutting 5. won't be coming/isn't coming 6. won't come 7. won't lend 8. won't be speaking/isn't speaking 9. won't work 10. shan't be working 11. won't have 12. shan't be teaching/am not teaching 13. won't speak 14. shan't be writing 15. won't feed 16. won't go 17. won't paint 18. shan't be taking 19. won't borrow 20. won't wash 21. shan't be using 22. won't send 23. won't
play 24. won't be singing/isn't singing 25. won't play 26. won't be taking part/isn't taking part 27. won't eat 28. shan't be eating 29. won't ride 30. won't be riding/isn't riding 31. won't give 32. won't be drinking 33. won't open 34. won't tell 35. won't eat 36. won't be wearing
24. 1. are you going to feed 2. are you letting/are you going to let/will you be letting 3. will you light 4. are you wearing/are you going to wear/will you be wearing 5. will you wear 6. will you come 7. will you have 8. are you having/are you going to have 9. ate you going to study/will you be studying 10. will you be speaking 11. will you turn 12. Any one of the four forms is possible here: "Will you take" implies that the matter has not yet been decided and that the speaker is offering a choice of dates. The other forms would imply that the matter has already been arranged and that the speaker is merely asking for information. 13. will you be listening/are you going to listen 14. will you help 15. will you be staying 16. will you lend 17. are you meeting/are you going to meet/will you be meeting 18. will you come 19. will you have 20. will you translate 21. will you be using/are you using/are you going to use 22. will you be going/are you going, will you get 23. will you come 24. will you be passing/are you going to pass/are you passing, shall be spending/am going to spend/am spending, will you get 25. are you going to keep 26. are you travelling/are you going to travel 27. are you going to repair 28. will you hold 29. are you going/will you be going 30. will you kindly explain 31. will you recognize 32. are you sending/are you going to send 33. will you tell 34. are you going/will you be going 35. are you going to type/will you be typing 36. will you stop
25. 1. will have repaired 2. will have done 3. will/shall have made 4. will have finished 5. will have planted 6. will/shall have passed 7. will/shall have done 8. will have walked 9. will have lost 10. will have spent 11. will/shall have worked 12. will have been driven 13. will/shall have sent 14. will/shall have given 15. will have died 16. will have driven 17. will/shall have picked 18. will have sunk
26. Part 1. 1. is looking; sees, rings; answers 2. am ringing 3. says; use 4. uses; eats; don't think, likes 5. would suit/suits; like; would we arrange/do we arrange, use 6. includes; doesn't include 7. see; does the room face 8. faces; looks, gets 9. sounds
10. Would 7 p.m. suit or Will 7 p.m. suit; can't/couldn't /wouldn't be able to, don't get 11. will/would be; don't think, will have; passes, stops 12. I'll find ; I'll see 13. comes, asks 14. is coming 15. She'll probably come, are sitting; get; don't think, give 16. do; listens; will be 17. rings; looks, smiles 18. says, goes
Part 2. 19. am speaking; am spending; would you like 20. I'd love; do I get 21. I'll meet 22. I'll do 23. conies 24. sounds 25. see 26. are you doing 27. am spending 28. you'll freeze, doesn't kill; are you getting 29. am catching, is meeting 30. I'll lend; I'll tell 31. likes 32. I'll give, fall, goes; are having, is going, is catching 33. is always going; go 34. comes, hear, will be
28. (will and shall may be contracted.) 1. returns 2. are 3. strikes 4. hears 5. shall/will have 6. comes 7. turn 8. gets 9. won't start 10. goes 11. will see 12. will be 13. hall/will lend
14. will wake 15. will he ring 16. goes 17. is 18. shall/will give, comes 19. see 20. get 21. shall/will go 22. have 23. will fall 24. goes 25. arrives 26. lifts 27. will go on 28. will become
29. won't move 30. will go on 31. learns 32. leap 33. shall/will have 34. get 35. begins 36. arrives
30. (Contractions men/ be used.) 1. have taken 2. have finished/finish 3. have had 4. have been 5. goes/has gone 6. gets/has got 7. has done 8. have done 9. will see 10. have had
11. shall/will take 12. go 13. have seen 14. goes/has gone
15. won't let 16. shall/will let 17. sees 18. won't hear 19. has passed/passes 20. has sold 21. have swept/sweep 22. will get 23. will give 24. says 25. have returned/return 26. has been 27. have signed 28. won't know 29. have subsided/subside
30. has left 31. shall/will have 32. have had 33. shall/will stay 34. have made 35. has eaten 36. will come/come
31. 1. begins 2. gets 3. open 4. are 5. start 6. receive/have received 7. like 8. are 9. slows 10. stops 11. will explain, are
12. read/have "read 13. have been 14. have cleaned ... and painted or clean ... and paint 15. have settled/settle 16. see 17. have seen 18. have finished/finish 19. have reached/reach 20. have done 21. lifts/has lifted 22. arrives 23. knows, will give 24. has cooled/cools 25. have finished/finish 26. have given 27. will tell, are 28. have been, will let 29. have flown 30. has been 31. come
32. shall/will have finished, see, finish/have finished, start
33. Have seen 34. have driven 35. will give, wakes 36. arrived
35. 1. were talking/passed 2. was sleeping/was awak-ened/went/was happening/knew/was barking 3. didn't take/thought/was joking 4. were drinking/broke out/soon carne/called/was just beginning/arrived/took/were get--ting/made/ succeeded/were still looking 5. was going on/called/rang/didn't answer/was coming/thought 6. was looking or looked/were you sitting 7. left/were still talking/seemed
38 1. was eating 2. was sleeping or slept 3. was studying, were having 4. went 5. entered 6. was looking or looked 7. saw 8. owned 9. was writing, broke
43. 1. decided 2. chose 3. looked, were getting, was mixing, was washing 4. were, asked, was doing 5. replied, was going, went, knew, were looking 6. began, found, were 7. worked 8. started/were starting, rang 9. was, wanted, was playing 10. stayed, went 11. left 12. returned, came, wasted 13. said 14. thought 15. was just climbing, rang 16. said, was getting, went, opened 17. was, was coming, arriving
44. 1. was walking, realized, was following 2. walked, turned, stopped 3. appeared, stopped 4. went 5. stopped, stopped, looked, was 6. looked, was wearing/wore, wondered 7. decided 8. was standing 9. came, rang, moved off/was moving off, jumped 10. missed, got, was following/followed 11. crawled 12. pulled, looked, was getting/got 13. changed, got 14. left, bought 15. was standing, came 16. was carrying, got, sat, read 17. looked, was getting/got 18. was becoming/became, went, sat, asked, was following 19. said, wasn't following, threatened, admitted 20. told, was, was trying 21. told, advised, didn't want, was being followed
45. 1. was sitting, saw; seemed 2. was snowing, woke; remembered, was coming, decided, lost 3. reached, realized, did not know; was wondering, tapped 4. was running/ran, struck 5. looked; was going; was drawing 6. were listening, were whispering, was reading; hated, read 7. was reading, burst, rushed 8. went, didn't find; said, didn't know, was doing, thought, was probably playing 9. stopped/used to stop; closed, gave 10. promised, saw, was telling 11. picked, dialled; found; were planning 12. met; were; was studying, wasn't spent 13. was just starting, opened, leapt 14. were you doing, said; was cleaning
' 15. looked, said, was leaving the district and (was) going; said,
was, was going, told, was getting/got on 16. were building, was 17. were reading, were just turning over; was knitting, was play, ing; opened, said 18. was; were they doing; heard, were looking; Did they find; discovered 19. told, made; was just pulling 20. was just sticking, came; tried, refused 21. took; Was she actually working 22. said, was coming, wondered 23. was wondering, came, bought 24. was always borrowing, asked, said, hadn't, knew, wanted 25. went, had, was being; turned, saw 26. bumped, asked, said, was having 27. attacked, was putting; thrust, tore; contained; patched 28. did you break; fell, was putting, was, was, was going 29. didn't go; cancelled, spent 30. was just rising, shouted; looked 31. was raining, played/were playing; was trying, didn't get/wasn't getting on, kept 32. were you doing, rang; was making; did you do, heard, went; opened, was 33. rang, found, said, was making 34. said was, rang; answered, was talking, saw; went 35. didn't get, were having/had; rang up, said, were making; pointed out, was, had; said, were always having 36. were you doing/did you do, got; was working/worked; did you stay, stayed; left, were always going; became/was becoming
46. 1. was burning 2. was writing 3. was making 4. left 5. was just leaving 6. was watching, turned, went 7. stood 8. was playing, insisted 9. was walking 10. was having, lunched 11. wore, carried 12. did you think4liked 13. shared, was always complaining/always complained ' 14. realized, was travelling 15. was playing, threw 16. was just opening, blew 17. was opening, heard, put, crawled 18. was looking, found 19. saw, were you doing 20. were playing, heard, hid, took 21. was cleaning, went, killed 22. didn't allow, was blowing 23. was crossing/crossed, stepped, fell 24. was still lying, saw 25. saw, stopped 26. did you damage, ran, were driving, were going 27. was getting/got, started, fell 28. called, was already getting up 29. was mending/mended, got 30. heard, went, opened, didn't recognize, wasn't wearing 31. were sitting, was doing, was knitting, were reading, smiled, said 32. were dancing, broke, stole 33. knew, were looking, hid, went 34. was always buying 35. told, was spending/spent, listened 36. began, banged
47. 1. woke, was always getting/always got, went, bought 2. had to, usually grazed/was usually grazing 3. didn't normally chase, made, was crossing, went 4. annoyed, began 5. was carrying, was raining, threw, ran 6. stopped, began, was doing
1 awoke, was sitting, was looking, called, turned, smiled 8. did you interrupt, was having 9. was carrying, heard 10. was looking, noticed 11. were walking/walked, heard, turned, held, stopped 12. arrived, was waiting, was wearing, (was) looking/looked, saw. waved, shouted, was saying/said, was making 13. escaped, was working, was wearing 14. was travelling, began 15. didn't like, was trying 16. was making, felt, brought, was able 17. saw, was painting, did you like, was only just starting, saw 18. took, was being, were still listening, left/were leaving 19. was, had to, was enjoying 20. were coming, stopped, said, was looking, asked 21. saw, were you using, was using, were you riding 22. was knitting 23. was, said, hoped, was enjoying 24. was watering, began, put, went 25. was just writing remembered, had 26. found, was digging, belonged 27. saw, was hurrying, asked, was going, said, was speaking, wasn't 28. called, was still working 29. came, was smoking, had, threw, hoped 30. noticed, was rising, were you smoking, came, asked 31. was swimming, stole, had to 32. said, were working, wanted 33. said, was building, thought 34. woke, said, thought, was trying 35. did you lend, was still reading, didn't know, were still reading 36. came, woke, started, woke, came, said, said, didn't hear, was barking, went, telephoned
48. 1. have, wound 2. haven't, ate 3. has, fed 4. haven't, have only repaired 5. have done, did 6. haven't, haven't found 7. have, made 8. haven't, have been 9. haven't, haven't seen 10. have, went 11. have driven, drove 12. hasn't, has, went 13. have, was 14. has, spoke 15. have only spent, have 16. haven't saved, have saved 17. hasn't, went 18. haven't seen, saw, didn't see 19. have, paid 20. haven't, flew 21. bit, has bitten 22. planted, haven't 23. has, wrote 24. haven't, drank, haven't drunk
49. 1. have you lived/have you been living, have lived/have been living 2. lived, went 3. did you wear, insisted 4. left, cut, have worn 5. wrote 6. has written, has just finished 7. flew, did you see 8. haven't seen 9. hasn't smoked 10. composed 11. did he arrive, arrived 12. did you lock 13. read, enjoyed 14. haven't finished 15. have never drunk 16. have written 17. has stopped '8. have just cleaned 19. left, got 20. did, was 21. has just gone « 22. went 23. have you had, had 24. met 25. did you see 26. began, lasted, enjoyed 27. has just begun 28. has the newspaper come 29. arrived, started 30. has been 31. wrote 32. have
missed 33. broke 34. has been 35. worked, retired, went 36. have you been, spent, did you have, stopped
50. \. haven't seen, told 2. bought, did you pay, paid 3 did you find, found, didn't you leave 4. have lost, have you seen, haven't, did you last wear, wore, left 5. has just left, has been, has never bought 6. left, did he go, didn't see, went 7. served, did that war begin, began, lasted 8. did you vote, voted, wasn't, was, lost 9. did you like, liked, quarrelled, dismissed, were, was 10. didn't know, knew, have you known, have known 11. hasn't had, have been 12. did you hear, did, did you think 13. didn't know, were, have you been, have been, have you been, went 14. have you tried, tried, found, started 15. have you seen, has anything happened, have escaped 16. has Mary fed, fed, did she give, gave 17. have you known, have known, did he do, came, was 18. have you seen, hasn't been bought 19. has the plumber been, stayed, did he do, turned, emptied 20. have you been, have been, did you enjoy, took, did you win, came 21. has that been, has been, have written, has been 22. have just been, have you seen, haven't, haven't read, read, was, did Tolstoy write, wrote, did he write 23. brought, did he do, wanted 24. have you been, have been, did he take, did, did it hurt 25. said, hasn't phoned 26. have just received, haven't paid, didn't I give, did, spent/have spent 27. have you been, have just started, did you find, answered 28. have you finished, have done 29. have cut, did it happen, slipped 30. did you get, got 31. did you meet, did, had 32. lost, has been, did he lose, was 33. has been, did you see, happened, ran 34. phoned, got 35. did not wear, have worn 36. has been, have just taken, has bought
51. Affirmative: the answer in each case is have/has + been + present participle, e.g. 1. have been making
Negative: have/has + not + been + present participle* e.g. 16. haven't been eating
Interrogative: have/has + subject + been + present participle, e.g 6. have you been doing
Present participles are as follows: 1. making 2. ringing 3. overworking 4. cutting 5. looking 6. doing, working 7. studying 8. waiting 9. raining 10. arguing 11. bathing 12. driving 13. wearing 14. saying 15. trying 16. eating 17. speaking 18. flying 19. playing 20. shopping 21. living 22. eating 23. looking 24. leaking 25. digging, helping 26. asking 27. using 28. driving 29. going 30. snowing 31. crying, peeling 32. making 33. drinking 34. smoking 35. eating 36. trying
52. 1. have walked 2. have been walking/have walked 3. have been walking/have walked 4. have been making 5. have you made, have made 6. has eaten 7. hasn't stopped 8. has been drinking 9. have pulled 10. have been pulling 11. have you been doing, have been picking 12. have you picked, have picked 13. have slept 14. has been sleeping/has slept 15. has been rid-ing 16. have ridden 17. has been making 18. have been working/have worked 19. have heard 20. have been hearing/have heard 21. have been greasing 22. have been polishing 23. have been working/have worked, has never said 24. has been teaching/has taught 25. have taught, have never met 26. have you been, have been pumping/have pumped 27. have pumped 28. have been looking/have looked, haven't found 29. has been coughing/has coughed 30. have you heard, have known 31. have been trying, have said 32. has been sounding 33. has been raining/has rained, has been postponed 34. has been hoping, hasn't dared 35. have been whispering, have you been helping, has he been helping 36. have you been making, have lost, have been trying, have throwing
53. 1. for 2. for 3. since 4. for 5. for 6. since 7. since 8. since 9. for 10. since 11. for 12. for 13. for 14. for 15. since 16. since 17. for 18. since 19. for 20. since 21. since 22. since 23. for 24. since 25. since 26. since 27. for 28. since 29. since 30. for 31. for 32. since 33. for 34. for 35. for 36. since
66. 1. have played/have been playing; Have you played, came; have played; joined, arrived 2. Have you played; have played; have had, have won, didn't really deserve 3. played, was, left, dropped, took 4. haven't seen; have you been; I've been; meant, hadn't/didn't have; Did you have/Had you, were; was; have only just got; enjoyed; skied, danced 5. skied, was, broke, haven't done 6. came, was; has been built, has become 7. hasn't started; has he been, has been, spent 8. have just heard; didn't you know; flew; Have you heard; got; told; didn't say, liked; has only been 9. didn't know, were; exploded, burnt 10. has been; used, rode, have had 11. made; has he been; we have only had; resigned, was 12. has left; left; Has anybody been appointed; have applied/applied, has been decided 13. Did you have/Have you had; was, have ever had, took; thought, was, searched,
announced, was; took off 14. did you spend; took, fed, walked bought, didn't need; passed 15. Have you booked; wrote, haven't answered 16. didn't know you were; have been; arrived 17. met said; made, found, needed, seemed 18. Did you know, arrived' didn't know 19. have you learnt/been learning; have been learning 20. began, did; dropped, forgot; spent, studied, have been studying/have studied 21. rang, said; spent, couldn't/wasn't able to, rang; haven't seen, said; went, haven't come; went 22. have just had; did it go; did you enjoy; didn't actually hit, made
23. sold, bought, left; arrived; wasn't, said; hasn't been taken
24. saw; thought, worked, said; worked, explained, went, told; gave; have worked 25. Have you been; went; were; Did you go; went; hired 26. have you been, came; have been 27. have seen; did you go; went; took 28. Did you see, were; saw; walked, asked, had, said, has just returned 29. Have you been; have been; haven't been
30. Have you seen; went, saw; Did you like; loved, didn't understand
31. has just died; knew; worked; didn't see, left, kept 32. thought, was, turned; shouted; said, didn't know, were 33. Hasn't Tom come; came; went; didn't hear 34. has just given; have just touched, didn't feel 35. came; went; looked; coughed, spun; exclaimed, didn't see 36. you have just agreed; didn't realize, wanted
67. 1. bought, haven't sold 2. was, began; ran, made 3. caught, didn't get in, arrived 4. looked up, came; have been, growled 5. rang, said; said, haven't had; didn't you tell 6. met, said, didn't see; Did you miss; didn't miss, replied; haven't missed; gave 7. went; worked, went 8. has been; did she go; went
9. bought, asked; told, have waited/been waiting, hasn't come
10. met, offered; said; have just had 11. arrived, landed, climbed out; recognized; exclaimed; didn't know, knew; have only just learnt, said; went 12. tried, heard, called out; have you been; has been 13. Have you been; went; Did you like; didn't see; was 14. have just bought; Have you read; haven't read; haven't even seen 15. Have you been; was; did you get; took 16. Have you seen; rang, got; has been; flew, decided; Have you heard; got, arrived 17. have you been; have been; did you do/were you Jo-ing; worked/was working 18. did you work; worked; Did you like; didn't like; did you stay 19. was, stayed, played; did you play; played; lost 20. did you begin; began, was; went; stayed, went 21. was, started; did you get; haven't got; have only been 22. left; rang; answered; said; has just gone, said 23. Have you been; was; Did you go; hitch-hiked 24. haven't seen; has been ill; collapsed, was taken; sent, hasn't come 25. was; Did you see; took, was, said, needed; haven't been able, haven't watched
26. Have you ever been; spent; went, met, wanted, didn't get
27. said; said; hasn't come; rang, were; said; got; didn't come
28. dictated, told; rang; Have you finished, asked; said, have done, haven't started 29. Have you found out; rang, answered, didn't seem; said; has been 30. said, Has Jack moved; said, didn't see; wasn't 31. have you been; have been; bought/have bought; found, got 32. have played, came; has been, inherited; Did you ever play; played, died, arrived 33. Have you seen; left; put 34. Have you met; met; did you talk; talked 35. did, bought, has made; have always done, have always found 36. had; have had, got; told, were; has been, have changed
68. 1. have been telephoning; Haven't you nearly finished; haven't got; have been trying, has been 2. has failed; has been practising, has got 3. have often wondered; have just found out 4. has been playing; has only just stopped 5. haven't you brought; Haven't you typed 6. Have you been sunbathing; has been raining/has rained 7. have been building; have been watching/have watched 8. haven't found, has been; has been helping 9. have pulled down, haven't touched 10. have searched/have been searching, haven't seen 11. have been waiting, have waited 12. has been; has been looking, hasn't found 13. have been doing, haven't finished; have done 14. have just picked; have grown/have been growing, have never had 15. have you been doing; have been using 16. has just sold; have been painting, haven't sold 17. has this happened; have had, have thrown 18. have you done; has just gone; has finished 19. has worked /has been working, has never once been; have/has just presented 20. have been mending/have mended, have only done, has broken down 21. has collected/has been collecting; has collected 22. have been looking, have completely forgotten; has happened 23. has been getting/has got, has been rising/has risen; has come 24. has eaten, has lost count, has attended; Has he put on 25. have been ringing up; has gone; has been working; has found out 26. has been using; haven't been 27. have been standing; hasn't moved; has just shut ... and gone off 28. has/have been considering; have just given, have decided 29. have been Playing, haven't played 30. have been, haven't got 31. has been
standing; has already gone 32. has happened; have been waiting/have waited; has often kept, has never been 33. has been living/has lived, has never said 34. have just remembered, haven't paid; hasn't rung; have been; have paid; has lost 35. have been shopping/have shopped; has been losing/has lost, have made, have been told, have known 36. have you been doing; have been looking; have been building
69. 1. gave, thanked, said, had enjoyed, knew, hadn't read, were 2. had seen, returned, didn't have/hadn't 3. didn't have, had already done, was 4. didn't have, did, left 5. had, was; decided 6. picked, went, slammed 7. felt, had reminded 8. had searched and found, remembered, was 9. had left 10. remembered, were 11. arrived; had been told, was, was 12. asked, said, hadn't been 13. wanted, had come 14. told 15. admitted, never bought/had never bought, assured, sold, wasn't 16. returned, saw, had broken in, was, was 17. were, had only just left 18. Probably they (had) heard/They (had) probably heard, had run/ran 19. had helped, was, poured 20. wondered, had found, hoped 21. had been given, had died 22. hadn't had, hadn't liked 23. seemed, had taken 24. put, took, had forgotten/forgot, had put 25. came, said, had just swallowed 26. thought, left, was, arrived, learnt, had just left 27. found, had been using/had used 28. parked, rushed; came, was 29. wondered, had stolen, had driven 30. was, was, had been working/had worked 31. was, had had 32. brought, hadn't come 33. kept, had seen 34. looked, went, saw 35. got up, was, wondered, had stayed, had gone away and come back 36. opened, saw 37. had clearly been listening, wondered, had heard 38. asked, had been doing/was doing, said, had dropped, had been looking for/was lookingf for 39. didn't see, found, had probably dropped, opened 40. had been taking 41. were, turned, asked 42. pulled, ran off 43. (had) recovered, had disappeared 44. moved, found had been standing 45. had been telling/was telling
70. 1. I've been waiting 2. has been learning 3. had beer asking 4. I've been working 5. haven't been listening/I've been saying 6. have been pointing out 7. had been expecting 8. had been looking 9. had been giving 10. had been flying 11. you've been seeing 12. has been operating
71. 1. had already died 2. will already have started 3. had been cancelled 4. will have reached 5. had already gone to bed 6. will have left hospital 7. have got married
72. 1. I've never met him 2. haven't tried eating it 3. had never studied it before 4. had been feeling ill 5. will all have died 6. hadn't slept very well 7. It's all been used up 8. haven't spoken to 9. haven't read it yet 10. I hadn't been told anything about it 11. It's already been sent 12. I've just found them
73. 1. died/had reigned 2. was moved/had taken 3. realized/had had 4. returned, had been broken into 5. understood/had managed 6. called/discovered/had just missed/had gone out 7. set out/had left/had still not returned 8. saw/had occupied
74. I am still; I am having; I don't wish ..., you, if you find; it is still ... for me to stay; was unspoken ... us/it did not matter; you were, this was/it was or is/I now have to pay; you must forgive me; I do not want, Do you want to see me; you said/we parted/you did/you said; I have been living; did you speak; you are back/I shall perhaps seem; Then will be/you once hinted/who will make you forget your; I think of our (I feel) must be for us; I never positively said or I have never positively said/you did not understand or you have not understood/let me say/I love you/I want to marry you/I want to be with you; I ask of you/which might help me
77. 1. had arrested 2. had washed 3. had waited 4. entered 5. washed 6. had received 7. sat 8. had flipped 9. had taken 10. had lived
86. Part 1. 1. have just heard, would/should like 2. Do you think, could or would be able to 3. had, remember, said, was or had been, (had) got 4. can/could, can/could, suits/would suit 5. has, will/would bring 6. isn't, do not hesitate 7. are, will take him if I ask/would take him if I asked 8. has been/was, seemed
Part 2. 9. am/was, am, are going 10. will be 11. will look 12. enjoyed, missed, left/had left, looked 13. will be 14. Will you/Would you/Could you bring, doesn't suit 15. Don't bother, have 16. you'll have, bring, you'll have/you'll have had
Part 3. 17. Do you by any chance know 18. should/would like, have just heard, would exactly suit, doesn't apply, won't get 19. saw, was just leaving/had just left 20. said, was going, Promised, (had) found 21. have heard, don't even know, went 22. know, should/would be, would phone 23. have tried, doesn't seem
Part 4. 24. am, advertised, are coming/shall be coming, (shall) require 25. Would you please/Could you please tell me 26. should/would like 27. Would I be able/Could I 28. hopes/is hoping, don't drive, won't be/wouldn't be, need/shall need/should need 29. Do the local shops still deliver; know, did 30. should/would be, would tell, calls 31. ask/are asking, sounds; would you like/do you like 32. have been, lived, want 33. is also writing, would like, painted 34. has known, lived, am, would/will recommend 35. should/would of course be or am of course willing 36. should/would be, enclose
87. Part 1. 1. wrote, asking or to ask or and asked 2. replied, enclosing, filled up, returned 3. have heard, am beginning/begin, has gone 4. Would/Could you please check, have received 5. have received/did receive/received, haven't decided, should/would be, would tell 6. has already been, should/would like, don't get, shall/will have to, do, shall/will have or have
Part 2. 7. have suffered/have been suffering, leave/are leaving 8. stand, laughing, calling 9. get, bang/banging, reverse 10. sounds, finds, has had, is still learning, don't know, (do) know, takes, roaring, shouting 11. have gone, have all been, find 12. should/would be, would ask, could
Part 3. 13. Are you/Would you be 14. is coming, is bringing or is coming and bringing, or will be coming and bringing 15. haven't met, think, would/will like 16. will be able 17. receives, doesn't get, has asked 18. will probably ring, would be 19. know, don't usually eat, hope, won't be; can 20. passes, remember/will probably remember, will give
88. Part. 1. (Affirmative auxiliary verbs would usually be contracted in speech.) 1. Could 2. does 3. does, came, was, did, is, will/would do 4. do you want 5. should/would like 6. Would Thursday at 4.00 suit 7. wouldn't; is coming 8. would be able to/could do 9. would/will be 10. will/shall expect
Part 2. 11. Could 12. Speaking 13. have you been; have been trying; Don't you leave 14. do, went, have only just got in; is. didn't know, were 15. arrived; would have rung, have been; ha? only just ended; Are you doing 16. am going 17. is; am 18. am had told, would have kept 19. didn't know, dashed, told 20. did 21. does, was driving, had, was taken; am doing; are you really going; can't/couldn't you 22. can't/couldn't; suppose will/would be 23. will stay; will get over; would you like 24. IV
love; are you, will be, should/would hate 25. will be; will ring, am staying; stayed, didn't seem 26. did you stay; will tell
89. 1. If it rains next Sunday, we will stay at home and watch television 2. If you prepare well, you will pass your examination 3. I will stay with the sick man until the doctor arrives
4. Mary won't start to type the letter until the manager comes
5. When the water temperature rises, we can go swimming to the ocean 6. When Jack arrives at Kennedy Airport, he will call us 7. As soon as I receive Bob's letter, I will let you know 8. I will give your book as soon as I see him 9. I'll watch the child while you sleep 10. If the telephone rings while the secretary is out, Linda will answer it 11. I'll call my wife before I arrive in Philadelphia 12. I'll write down your address right now before I forget it 13. He will turn off the radio before he leaves the house
14. You won't finish the translation on the time unless you work hard 15. Unless the traffic is very heavy, we'll arrive by ten o'clock 16. I won't go to the party unless Mr Smith invites me
17. We will stay in this resort as long as the weather keeps fine
18. I'll leave for Miami as soon as the sun rises
90. 1. I didn't call him because I thought he was busy 2. I knew he was ill 3. I was sure they were talking in the garden 4. I was told he had come back from the South 5. I was sure she was receiving letters from them 6. I thought she was angry with you 7. I thought you had seen him there 8. I thought you had more courage 9. I didn't go out from the shop through the front door but through the back door 10. He didn't go to the cinema yesterday as he is taking an exam tomorrow 11. He insisted on going to the library though he won't need the book today 12. He worked harder last year than he does this year 13. I felt that he didn't want to go there 14. I knew that he had lived in Odessa
15. I was afraid that he would be angry if we didn't finish the work in time
91. 1. She is going to post the letter she has just written 2. She is walking up and down the room thinking of the letter she has been writing 3. Why are you lips black? I have been eating blackberries. I have eaten a whole plateful! 4. How long have you been catching fish here? 5. You look completely worn out. Anything wrong with you? 6. Rainborough noticed that she had been crying. her face was stained with tears 7. I saw that it was 2 o'clock. We had been sitting there an hour and a half 8. This coat
has seen better days 9. How much have you given me? Oh sorry, I have been wrong giving you the change 10. I've never seen anything half so splendid 11. Did you think you would have read the book by June, 1st 12. You haven't left anything behind, have you?
92. 1. When Richard came home, Ann was watching television 2. When we left New York City, it was raining 3. I was writing letters, when the telephone rang 4. We were watching television when somebody knocked at the door 5. Joe got sick while we were travelling in Europe 6. I was reading the newspaper when my friend arrived 7. Jane was playing the violin when her guests arrived 8. We were having breakfast when the mailman rang 9. Steven was talking with Ann when I saw them in Central Park 10. Jack was ordering lunch when I entered the restaurant 11. They were living in the Ukraine, when the war broke out 12. The accident happened while they were driving on the Highway 13. When you telephoned, we were having dinner
14. I was sleeping soundly, when somebody knocked at the door
15. It was raining hard when I got off the bus 16. When Joe came home, his wife was preparing dinner
93. 1. Is he working now? 2. He usually walks to work 3. Steve likes Chinese food 4. Does the class begin early in the morning? Yes, it does 5. Does she like to go shopping? Yes, she does 6. The Smiths don't like to travel 7. Henry doesn't have dinner in a restaurant 8. He turned off the radio and went to bed 9. It often rained last winter 10. David finally sold his old car 11. Did Joe come home very late last night? 12. When did Columbus discover America? Columbus discovered America in 1492
13. How much did the ring cost? The ring cost 600 dollars
14. Alice did not come to the party 15. You didn't read the article carefully 16. I was working in my garden on Friday morning 17. They have lived here since June 18. Have you ever visited the Louvre? No, I have never visited the Louvre 19. I'm afraid I have lost my car keys 20. How long have you lived (have you been loving) here? I have been living here for 9 years 21. By five o'clock I had completed my work 22. It had been snowing for two hours when we left house 23. Why was he surprised that he had got a "3"? 24. Nobody knew what year this bridge had been built 25. I was told you had been reading this book for a month. It's high time you returned it to the library 26. The train will be late
27. You won't get to work on time 28. Will you meet Doris soon? 29. We are going to buy a colour TV set 30. We are not going to eat out tonight 31. Are you going to have ice cream for desert? 32. He will have done his homework by 7 p.m 33. A month from now we will have completed our scientific experiments 34. Before he leaves New York City he will have seen all his old friends 35. I am afraid you will have forgotten all these rules by tomorrow
36. I am not sure she will have passed this exam by that time
37. The Miller said he would go to see Little Hans when spring came and be would be able to give him a basket of first flowers
PASSIVE VOICE
7. 1. The search was given up ... 2. That ought to have been pointed out to me ... 3. That question wasn't brought up ... 4. The matter should be looked into 5. ... that the child had been well brought up 6. Our visit had to be put off ... 7. ... that your house had been broken into 8. Don't speak until you're spoken to 9. His request ... was turned down by ... 10. Every penny you spent must be accounted for 11. This stamp hasn't been stuck on ...
12. The truth of what I'm saying will be borne out by events
13. We were held up at the Customs for ... 14. How can the desired result be brought about? 15. He hates being made fun of
8. 1. are or are being or were or were being or will be turned out; 2. had been or would be provided for; 3. is being done up;
4. being taken on; 5. is always being told off; 6. be drawn up; 7. will be broken off; 8. would be looked into; 9. had been badly let down; 10. having been blotted out
9. 1. The oldest councillor was given the freedom ... 2. Access to the ... was denied to ... 3. The child was shown how ••• 4. He was declared "persona non grata" and was allowed ...5. He was given ... 6. Why wasn't he offered the job? 7. Weren't you promised a rise ...? 8. He was left a legacy ... 9. ... stamps, he found he had been sold forgeries 10. What were you paid for •••? 11. He should be told never ... 12. You were asked to meet ... 13. Shall I be sent the details? 14. The goods will be sent to you ••• 15. That boy must be taught a lesson!
10. 1. He is said to be ... 2. This surgeon is considered to be ••• 3. Some redundancies in the Company are now thought to be ••• 4. The statements he had made were proved to be ... 5. The
delegation was understood to be keen ... 6. The Chancellor is believed to be thinking ... 7. The electricity supply industry is expected to be running ... 8. Several ... manufactures are reported to be planning ... 9. The brewers are expected to raise ... 10. The drug was claimed to produce ... 11. The police are said to have acted ... 12. The Prime Minister was alleged to have misled 13. The Government is believed to have had ... 14. The explosion was believed to have been caused ... 15. The equipment is presumed to have been put ... 16. The driver is thought to have had both legs broken ...
11. 1. The fact that such a storm ... was raised by the new scheme means that it can't have properly explained to ... 2. He was warned by ... not to let himself be led astray by ... 3. ... that too much time was being taken up in ... 4. The boy's rudeness was out down to his having been spoiled by ... 5. Not until later was it discovered that the picture had been stolen 6. Never before had anyone been sent to prison for ... 7. Only in this way could the law be made ... 8. It was said that no agreement could be reached on ...
9. The rebellion was put down by ... and martial law was declared
10. He wanted the information to be treated as confidential ...
11. Had I been told that the subject ... was to be brought up at ...
12. He dislikes being thought a fool by ... 13. After having been ignored by ..., 14. Should it be proved beyond doubt that the fire was caused by an accident, the man who is at present being held (by the police) on suspicion of arson will, naturally, be released 15. On being informed that he was wanted by the police, the man realized that he had been betrayed by ...
12. 1. The fire brigade finally got the fire under control, but not before it had caused extensive damage 2. Don't let your failure depress you 3. In view of the widespread concern (that) the community feels at the plan to build ... village, the local Council has decided to hold a ... 4. Thieves had broken into the house and (had) stolen two ... 5. Only after the scientists had subjected the new ... tests did the Company put in on the market ... 6. The leader hadn't thought out the plan at all well 7. The Board ought to have made it quite clear to the shareholders, before they held ... meeting, that they would not allow them to vote for ... 8. You should have obtained your ... before you made any decision to take ... 9. The army authorities needn't have caused him ... distress by telling him that ... action, as they later discovered that
they had made a mistake as to ... 10. The reporter withheld information about the source from which he had obtained ...
13. 1. This fact is very well-known 2. The theatre was opened only last month 3. It will soon be forgotten 4. The answers must be written in ink 5. Two of my books have been taken 6. The vacancy has already been filled 7. What should be done in such cases? 8. Was anything interesting said? 9. Was the situation never made clear to you? 10. Milk should be kept in a refrigerator Ц. I don't think it can be done 12. He would undoubtedly have been killed if he hadn't promised to cooperate 13. The work must be finished by 7 14. This type of computer is now being manufactured in many European countries 15. The secret could not possibly have been known 16. Have all the necessary arrangements been made? 17. Fortunately nothing had been said about it 18. All orders will be promptly executed (or executed promptly) 19. The man was kept in custody 20. Are all the rooms regularly cleaned (or cleaned regularly)?
14. 1. was destroyed 2. had been bitten/was given 3. be respected 4. are being demolished 5. have been instructed 6. was saved 7. is expected to be declared 8. is being done 9. was being victimized 10. was evicted 11. had been thought 12. will have been built 13. be discontinued 14. being cross-examined 15. having been threatened 16. Being tea treated 17. to have been informed/ had been withdrawn 18. are asked/have been given/be rectified 19. not being offered 20. having been found
16. 1. The president is called (by somebody) every day 2. The other members are being called by John 3. The documents were being delivered to the department by Martha 4. The amendment has been repealed by the other members 5. The information had been received by the delegates before the recess 6. The supplies for this class should be bought by the teacher 7. Mr Watson will be called (by somebody) tonight 8. Considerable damage has been caused by the fire 9. A new procedure was being developed by the company before the bankruptcy hearings began 10. The papers will have received by John tomorrow
18. 1. The milk is brought, the letters are left 2. letters won't be brought, they'll have to be collected from 3. Things are stolen from, twenty bottles were stolen 4. this street is swept, it wasn't swept 5. This box is cleared, It was last cleared 6. A light was Burned on and the door (was) opened 7. This office is cleaned, the upstairs offices are cleaned 8. He was never seen, all his meals were taken up 9. This purse was left ... it was found by the cleaner 10. 1,000 new houses are built, last year 1,500 were built
11. Hot meals are served, coffee and sandwiches can be ordered
12. All sorts of things are left in buses. They are collected by the conductors and (are) sent 13. He was taken to hospital by ambulance 14. many people are killed and injured ... can't something be done 15. The warehouse is guarded by dogs. A thief who tried to get in was seen by a dog and chased 16. The police were called and the man (was) arrested 17. Tom, who had only a slight injury, was helped off, but Jack, who was seriously injured, was carried off 18. This dress can't be washed, it must be dry-cleaned 19. The entire block is being demolished 20. He recommends that new tyres should be fitted 21. He suggested that council tenants should be allowed 22. These calculations used to be done by men; now they are done by a computer 23. The man was tried, found guilty and sent to prison 24. The knockers of all the flats are polished ... mine hasn't been polished 25. My piano is being repaired
26. Tickets shouldn't be thrown away ... they may be checked
27. Jack was invited but Tom wasn't (invited) 28. All the sandwiches were eaten ... and all the beer (was) drunk. Nothing was left 29. has my parcel been posted 30. Why wasn't I informed of 31. The book was written by Tom Smith and published by Brown and Co 32. The car will have to be towed 33. all our copies have been sold but more have been ordered 34. Trespassers will be prosecuted 35. My car was stolen and abandoned ... The radio had been removed but no other damage had been done 36. Dogs must be kept on leads
19. 1. The letter hasn't been stamped 2. I wasn't paid for the work; I was expected to do 3. he was being moved 4. I wasn't introduced 5. I was awakened by a frightful crash 6. When this street has been widened the residents will be kept awake all night by the roar 7. The rubbish was thrown away 8. These TV sets are made by a Japanese firm 9. The town was destroyed by an earthquake 10. This could be done much more easily by (a) machine 11. Umbrellas and sticks must be left 12. Tenants are asked not to play 13. Your clock can't be repaired 14. Articles (which have been) bought during the sale cannot be exchanged 15. Fruit has to be picked very early otherwise it can't be got to the market 16. People shouldn't be allowed to park 17. My house is being
Batched 18. The passage will be read three times 19. Dictionaries may not be used 20. This letter need not be typed 21. "13" has been crossed out and "12A" has been written 22. This man mustn't be moved; he is too ill/he is too ill to be moved. He will have to be left 23. His house was searched and stolen articles were found 24. This room hasn't been used 25. He was taken for 26. These books should have been taken back 27. The children were brought up 28. The For Sale notice has been taken down ... the house has been sold 29. His house was broken into ... a lot of his things (were) stolen 30. You have been warned 31. He was knocked down by a lorry 32. My keys were returned to me; they had been picked up 33. The books had to be given back; we were not allowed to take 34. These documents shouldn't be left ... They should be locked up 35. Coffee and biscuits were handed round 36. Other people's schemes have been tried. Why has rny scheme never been tried?
20. 1. troops have been called out 2. trains were held up by fog 3. this is to be left here. It will be called for 4. police were called in 5. children were not properly looked after 6. reinforcements are being flown in 7. men of 28 were called up 8. he was looked up to by everyone 9. he will be seen off at the airport by all the ministers 10. bed hasn't been slept in 11. more rooms can be built on 12. he was thrown out 13. different attitude will have to be adopted 14. he ought to be locked up 15. they weren't taken in by her story 16. house was broken into 17. small plastic toys are being given away 18. notice was taken down 19. smoking is frowned on 20. after a million pounds had been spent ... the scheme was given up 21. my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and was told that ... it had been parked 22. weapons must be handed in 23. he was shouted down 24. he is often taken for his brother 25. the cork hasn't been taken out 26. pool was to have been used ... it is being filled in 27. students are being turned away 28. skyscraper will have to be pulled down as the town planning regulations have not been complied with
21. 1. money was added up and found to be correct 2. I am having the bathroom tiled 3. a terrible mistake seems to have been made 4. you are supposed to make tea 5. he is known to be armed 6. he was seen to pick up 7. you are known to have been 8- he is believed to have 9. this needn't have been done 10. you
had better have it taken in 11. he likes to be called "sir" 12. this switch isn't to be/mustn't be touched 13. you will have to have/get it seen to or it will have to be seen to 14. this can't be done 15. we are being followed 16. boys used to be made to climb 17. it has to be seen to be believed 18. I am tired of being ordered about 19. he doesn't like being laughed at 20. this watch needn't be wound/doesn't need to be wound 21. he shouldn't have been told 22. they decided that the money should be divided 23. he is believed to have been killed 24. letters are to be sent 25. she is considered to have been 26. smoking is not allowed 27. the expedition is known to have reached 28. before printing was invented everything had to be written 29. the government was urged to create/they urged that more jobs should be created 30. they suggested that the sale of alcohol should be banned
30. 1. Wine should be opened ... before it used 2. steps had been cut 3. my shoes had been cleaned and my suit brushed 4. room is used 5. nails must not be hammered 6. pigs are used 7. a light was switched on and the door opened 8. picture had been slashed 9. theatre is being pulled down 10. wasn't the roof mended 11. All the shop windows were broken 12. system was being started because books were not being returned 13. each of us was asked 14. refreshments will be served 15. bicycles must not be left 16. books may be kept ... they must be returned 17. hole had been cut 18. it is being delivered 19. he has already been told 20. bells were rung 21. noting can be done unless we are given more 22. far more is being spent on food now than was spent 23. paintings will be exhibited 24. nothing more will be said .. if the ... gun is returned 25. he was told 26. My dog was stolen and brought back only when a £20 reward was offered 27. he was given two weeks 28. flowers are made
31. 1. seals are fed 2. who was it written by? 3. compare clothes washed by us with clothes washed by any other 4 he expected to be offered 5. she was shown 6. oak was struck by lightning 7. it couldn't have been painted by T. because that kind of dress wasn't worn 8. she was stung by a jellyfish 9. special edition for ... has been written 10. herbs used to be carried by judges 11. what was it written with? It was written with 12. shot
1 was succeeded by an uneasy silence 13. were you interested by the idea? 14. he was given details 15. dams are made by beavers 16. engines used to be started by hand, now they are started b)
electricity 17. this was opposed by most people 18. a lot of the work is being done by students 19. dock was to have been opened by the PM 20. They recommend that new factories should be opened 21. a lot of men will be made redundant by the closure
22. instructions could be understood by anyone 23. children ... will not be admitted 24. ship is to be manned by boys 25. camp was flooded by a rainstorm 26. He was kept awake all night by the howling 27. They suggested that the tests should be made 28. All this damage couldn't have been done by children
32. 1. why don't you get an oculist to test your eyes? 2. the authorities are to introduce this ... limit 3. they are lengthening the runways 4. nurses are wakening patients 5. people say that B. lived 6. British fishermen must offer any sturgeon that they catch to the Queen 7. someone has altered this notice 8. squatters have been using their houseboat 9. they were towing the ... ship 10. get a builder to put in a lift 11. The firm made a profit ... but a loss of ... which they made ... cancelled this 12. guests will wear evening dress 13. the authorities put the ship ... and forbade passengers and crew 14. we shall have to find someone 15. They made him surrender his passport 16. our opponents must have started 17. the New Arts Gallery is to exhibit my paintings 18. experts have proved that this scientific theory is false 19. they are to salvage the car which the wind blew 20. police are guarding the house where they found the dead man to prevent anyone from entering it and interfering with the evidence 21. why didn't you either lock the car or put it 22. people are saying that the government is spending too little money
23. you could put your money to good use instead of leaving it idle 24. people believed that the earth was flat 25. no one has read this copy; no one has cut the pages 26. the police led away the student who threw the stones 27. people say that early Egyptian and Greek sailors used carrier pigeons 28. a strong police guard was escorting the referee
33. 1. This manuscript was discovered many years ago 2. The town is being built 3. The report was followed by a discussion 4. He was promoted 5. She was dismissed owing to reduction of staff 6. She was bored to death staying at home 7. The Play is based on historical facts 8. The third part is still being shot 9. His speech will be recorded to be broadcast 10. Your suitcase will be taken care of 11. Is the service charge included?
12. We are disconnected 13. I was caught in the rain 14. Screams of laughter were heard in the next room 15. We were told to wait 16. This article is often referred to 17. She was offered a cup of tea 18. He was shown the way to the railway station 19. She complained about being found fault with 20. He was always made fun of 21. He was given a high award 22. I was given two days to think it over 23. When will he be sent for? 24. Were you allowed to take these journals home? 25. Bad habits are got rid of
34. 1. New hospitals are built every year 2. He has not been seen for a week 3. The police reported that the killer had been arrested 4. When I returned to this town, the hospital was still being built 5. I am invited to a party 6. We were asked to come as early as possible 7. We were advised to be cautious 8. I was paid cash 9. We were told to wait 10. He was followed by two policemen 11. The merchandise was not delivered on time 12. The negotiations will not be finished next week 13. Will your article be published in tomorrow's issue? 14. Is the village located in the mountains? 15. This letter must be written today 16. The bill has to be paid before the end of the month 17. This letter ought to be sent by airmail 18. English is spoken all over the world 19. The mayor was supported by a majority of the votes 20. You have been warned 21. She knew her sister would come home late, she had been invited to a birthday party 22. The tourists would like to know who this palace had been built by 23. When we entered the house his suggestion was still being discussed 24. Don't you understand the rule which has been just explained to you 25. She wanted to know if she was still being waited for 26. The girl asked if I spoke French as she wanted to know where the tickets were being sold
MODAL VERBS
1. 1. can, could, can't/couldn't 2. will be able to 3. won't be able to 4. can't ... can't or couldn't ... couldn't 5. shall/will be able to 6. will never be able to 7. couldn't, can't 8. will you be able to 9. won't be able to 10. could, couldn't 11. can, can, can't 12. can't, can't/couldn't, can't/couldn't 13. could/was able to 14. was able to 15. could/was able to, couldn't/wasn't able to 16. were able to 17. Were you able to/could you
18. couldn't/wasn't able to 19. was able to 20. were able to
21. could/was able to 22. was able to 23. was able to 24. was able to 25. could/can, could 26. could, couldn't 27. could, couldn't, can't 28. could 29. couldn't/wouldn't be able to 30. couldn't/wouldn't be able to 31. could/can, can't 32. could, could 33. could/can, couldn't/can't 34. couldn't/wouldn't be able to 35. couldn't/wasn't able to, couldn't/wasn't able to 36. could
2. 1. may 2. might 3. may/might 4. may/might 5. might
6. may 7. may 8. might 9. may 10. was allowed to 11. might 12. may 13. may/might 14. may/might, may/might 15. might
16. may 17. may 18. may 19. may/might 20. might 21. might
22. may/might 23. may/might 24. may 25. might 26. may/might 27. might/may 28. may/might 29. may 30. might 31. might 32. may/might 33. may 34. might 35. may/might 36. hasn't been allowed to
3. 1. has to 2. must 3. has to 4. have to 5. must 6. have to
7. had to 8. has to 9. had to 10. have to 11. must 12. will have to/have to 13. must 14. has to 15. must 16. have to 17. have to 18. must 19. must 20. have to 21. had to 22. must 23. have to 24. must 25. has to 26. must 27. will have to 28. must 29. had to
30. have to 31. will have to 32. had to 33. have to 34. must/will have to 35. must 36. have to
4. (Add not to each of the following verbs.} 1. need 2. must 3. must 4. need 5. must 6. must 7. need 8. must 9. need 10. need 11. need 12. must 13. need 14. must 15. must 16. need
17. must 18. must 19. need 20. need 21. must 22. must 23. need 24. must 25. must 26. must 27. need 28. need 29. need 30. need
31. need 32. must 33. need 34. must 35. must 36. need
5. (didn't have to is replaceable by didn't need to.) 1. he doesn't have/hasn't (got) to 2. did you have to 3. I don't have to 4. they will have to 5. we didn't have to 6. we didn't have to 7• you needn't come 8. I never have to 9. shan't/won't have to 10. you needn't 11. shall we have to 12. you don't have to 13. I didn't have to 14. we don't have to 15. have you got to/must Уоu/need you 16. do people have to 17. shall I have to 18. don't have to 19. we didn't have to 20. you needn't 21. we didn't have to 22. do we have to/must we 23. did you have to 24. I didn't have to 25. you won't have to 26. they didn't have to 27. do you nave to/have you got to 28. did you have to/had you to '29. didn't have to 30. shall I have to 31. do you have to/have you got to 32. I didn't' have to 33. do French children have to 34. did you have to 35. I didn't have to 36. did you have to
6. 1. must have been 2. can't/couldn't have been 3. needn't have helped 4. must have left 5. can't/couldn't have escaped 6. needn't have given 7. can't/couldn't have seen 8. must have started 9. can't have been 10. needn't have bought 11. must have been 12. must have borrowed 13. must have stolen 14. needn't have done 15. needn't have said 16. can't/couldn't have understood 17. can't/couldn't have done 18. must have been 19. can't/couldn't have walked 20. can't have been 21. must have been 22. can't/couldn't have had 23. needn't have watered 24. must have taken 25. can't/couldn't have been 26. can't/couldn't have watered 27. must have been 28. needn't have sent 29. needn't have made 30. must have been 31. must have been 32. can't/couldn't have seen 33. can't/couldn't have come 34. needn't have lent 35. needn't have spoken 36. must have fallen
8. 1. we shan't be able to get; 2. we shall be able to give, 3. we were able to take; 4. was able to escape; 5. were able to find; 6. I've been unable or I haven't been able; 7. to be able to show; 8. to be able to speak; 9. they'd been unable to get or they hadn't been able to get; 10. had been unable to answer
9. 1. ..., we could all make notes about the lesson 2. ..., we could go much faster 3. ..., we could visit you more often 4. I could give you more help myself if ... 5. ..., you could have kept to the main roads 6. I could have done something about it if ... 7. ..., we could stay and have coffee with you 8. We could have stayed and had coffee with them if ... 9. ..., we could fix it straight away 10. We could have fixed it there and then if ...
10. 1. She can be quite forgetful 2. Holidays abroad can be quite cheap 3. Racial harmony can be difficult to achieve 4. . , discipline could be very strict 5. He could occasionally be quite high-spirited 6. September can be a wonderful month . 7. Students ... can be very critical ... 8. One-way traffic ... can be very confusing ... 9. She can look quite pretty at times 10. English cooking can, in fact, be excellent
11. 1. You may find; 2. We might (or could) get, 3. He might (or could) change; 4. trains may be; 5. Parents may find; 6. we may find; 7. He may (or might) be able; 8. He may (or might)
485
not turn up; 9. The government's policy might (or could) prove; 10. Getting ... may (or might) not be
12. 1. We may have missed the bus 2. He might not have wanted to see us 3. They might have gone out for the evening 4. He could have broken a window 5. He may not known the answer 6. They could have guessed what we intended to do 7. He may already have known about it 8. They may have lost their way 9. They may have gone away for a time 10. She could have forgotten your address 11. He may not have had the time 12. He might have changed his mind about it
13. 1. The manager told me I might leave ... if I wanted to 2. His interviewer told him be could put off ... 3. The Customs officer asked if he could see ... 4. The teacher asked the student if he might ask him ... 5. I told my friend he could ... provided he took ... 6. The police inspector asked his colleague if he might see ... he was holding 7. The notice stated that cars might be parked ... 8. The chairman asked the speaker politely if he might interrupt him ... 9. He asked his friend if he might join him 10. The notice stated that visitors might not take photographs ...
14. 1. The restaurant may be expensive, but ... 2. The method may be crude, but ... 3. He may be badly paid, but ... 4. The book may be long, but ... 5. He may be old, but ... 6. The climb may have been exhausting, but ... 7. I may have been rude to him, but ... 8. He may have acted unwisely, but ... 9. His work may have improved, but ... 10. Old-age pensions may have risen considerably, but ...
15. 1. You might let me know ... 2. He might be ... 3. You might perhaps ask him ... 4. You might post this letter ... 5. You might have warned me ... 6. You might have apologized ... 7. He might have tried ... 8. She might keep ...
16. 1. The Conservatives should win ... 2. There should be a lot ... 3. ... says it should be fine ... 4. Our visitors should have arrived ... 5. It shouldn't be too difficult ... 6. The meeting ought to have finished ... 7. The organizers of the games should be meeting ... 8. It shouldn't have taken us so long ... 9. ... regulations shouldn't affect ... 10. We should be able to move ...
17. 1. ... be very much in love with him 2. ... left it in my other jacket 3. ... be rolling in money 4. ... been taken in by his charming manner 5. ... read it very carefully 6. ... be crazy 7. ... received it 8. ... be getting any better 9. ... had a quarrel about
something or other 10. ... forgotten all about it 11. ... be much later ... 12. got to know him very well
18. 1. They will sit ... 2. He will often buy things and then leave ... 3. My wife will leave things ... 4. ..., the water pipes would freeze ..., and we would have to call in ... 5. ... he would interrupt ... 6. ... he would insist ... 7. Why will you be so difficult? 8. ..., everyone would listen ... 9. You will go out ... 10. ., people would go to church ...
19. 1. will do 2. will hold 3. won't work 4. won't fit 5. will seat 6. will reach 7. will suit 8. will bear
20. 1. "I can manage ..., but I shall need ..." 2. "If the price ... increases, we shall be obliged to raise ..." 3. "I shall have more to say about this problem later." 4. "I shall be writing to you ... to let you know ..." 5. "I shall be working ... this evening." 6 "Do you think we shall need to take ...?" 7. "I shan't be sorry to see ..." 8. "I assume I shall be given ..." 9. "We shall never get there, at the rate we're going." 10. "We shall be making ... tomorrow morning,..."
21. 1. belief; 2. characteristic behaviour; 3. request, 4. agreement; 5. prediction/inherent capacity; 6. command/instruction; 7. prediction; 8. characteristic behaviour; 9. prediction; 10. promise; 11. belief; 12. inherent capacity
22. 1. He should cut down on bread and potatoes 2. You should get up earlier 3. We'd better take our seats 4. He shouldn't have been driving so fast 5. I'd better inform the police 6. We'd better get a builder to look at it tomorrow 7. You ought to have stayed in a hotel 8. She shouldn't have lain in the sun so long 9. You'd better start learning some Spanish 10. You'd better think about buying a new one 11. You ought to see a doctor 12. We should have bought more in the first place 13. He ought to change his job instead of complaining 14. You should have taken umbrella with you 15. We'd better ask someone the way 16. You'd better not take the car 17. You'd better get it renewed 18. You should buy yourself an alarm clock 19. I'd better see who it is 20. You'd better phone a plumber
23. 1. factory inspectors recommended that new safety rules should be introduced 2. The judge ordered that the court should adjourn for lunch 3. The Speaker ruled that the MP should withdraw his remark 4. The Colonel decided that his troops should attack at dawn 5. The leader of the expedition proposed that they should make ... held 6. Teachers advocated that more nursery schools should be set up 7. The magistrate directed that the man should be released 8. The police gave instructions that members of the public should not approach the two men but should report to the nearest police station 9. Shareholders demanded that the Board should give more detailed information about profits 10. The employers urged that the men should return to work so that negotiations could begin
24. 1. ... table so that I should be sure... 2. ... undertones so that the teacher shouldn't overhear ... 3. ... warning in order that the public should be ... 4. ... umbrella in case it should rain 5. ... bank lest the house should be burgled 6. Lest you should think I'm ... truth, I have bright ... 7. ... university so that he should have ... 8. ... here so that you should have ... 9. ... hall so that everyone should have ... 10. ... number in case you should want ...
25. 1. It's natural that you should be upset ... 2. It's incredible that we should have been living ... 3. It's a pity that you should have missed ... 4. It's curious that he should have asked ... 5. It's typical of him that he should expect ... 6. It's odd that they should be getting married, ... 7. It's crazy that you should have to ... 8. It is essential that you should look over ... 9. It is important that you should read ... 10. It's splendid that you should be coming . . 11. It's interesting that you should have bought ... 12. It is vital that emergency supplies should reach ...
26. 1. must 2. must 3. must 4. have to 5. had to 6. must 7. must 8. must 9. have to 10. have to 11. must 12. having to or to have to 13. will probably have to 14. must/must 15. must or has to/must or has to 16. have had to 17. mustn't 18. had to 19. must 20. have to
27. 1. ... we must hurry, or we'd be late 2. ... application forms must be returned to the office ... 3. ... he must visit us ... 4. he could never remember ... . He always had to ... 5. ... the car had broken down, and we had to have it ... 6. ... the situation had now become intolerable, and that something must be done ... 7. ... I realized how difficult ... was, but he must try ... get him down 8. ... visas ... must be obtained ... 9. ... I was sorry to have to tell him that, but he left me ... 10. ... it wasn't fair. He always had to do ... 11. ... I really must try ... 12. ... no one liked having (or to have) to work ... 13. ... whichever party ... would probably have to reintroduce ... 14. ... candidates must write ... and must
write ... 15. the verdict... must (or has to or had to) be unanimous; if ..., the case must (or has to or had to) be retried 16. ... the crowd had dispersed peaceably. If ... hadn't, the police might have had to ... 17. ... we mustn't make ... or he wouldn't take ... 18. ... had suddenly taken ..., and she had had to call 19. ...problem cropped up again, he must report ... 20. ... it was to have to make
28. 1. We needn't (or don't need to) leave 2. You don't have to come 3. we need (or need to) take 4. you needn't (or don't need to) decide 5. you don't have to go 6. you don't have to take 7. we shan't have to rush 8. I wouldn't need to keep 9. he's never had to earn 10. you don't have to do/do you 11. I need hardly say 12. You needn't have told 13. this needn't make 14. he had never had to deal 15. we didn't need to do 16. he didn't even have to have 17. you needn't have made 18. he need never discover 19. you needn't (or don't need to) be alarmed 20. I need have gone
29. (should used for obligation is replaced by ought to. may/might in the affirmative is replaceable by could) 1. must have worked/been working 2. needn't have translated 3. may/might have forgotten, should have telephoned 4 may/might have got lost, should have given, may/might have had, wouldn't/couldn't have delayed 5. may/might have stopped and got, may/might have run 6. shouldn't have fed 7. must have been 8. should have gone 9. couldn't have been attacked, must have seen ... and thought 10. must have waited/been waiting (could/may/might could replace must.} 11. may/might have fallen ... and been eaten ... or been kidnapped ... or caught ... and died 12. were to have started 13. needn't have walked, could have come 14. must have been stolen, may/might have driven 15. couldn't have got, must have drunk 16. shouldn't have been riding 17. may/might have taken, may/might have been 18. might/should have told, could have got 19. would have won 20. needn't have written 21. were to have bui't
22. wouldn't/shouldn't have noticed, would/might have spread
23. should/might /could have waited 24. may/might have come, couldn't/can't have come, may/might have come 25. needn't have done 26. should have been 27. needn't have cooked 28. would/should have brought, wouldn't/shouldn't have come 29. shouldn't have thrown, might/could have killed 30. could have painted, could have painted 31. may/might have dropped, may/might have been 32. could have been started, could have been 33. must have carried, couldn't have done, would have been, must have waited 34. needn't have done
35. couldn't/can't have been, must have been walking
36. Couldn't it have been, must have been
30. (See notes to Exercise 29 above.) 1. wouldn't/shouldn't have had 2. should have asked 3. should have been 4. may/might have gone; would have told 5. may/might have kept; wouldn't have kept 6. may/might have gone; may/might have been; would have rung; couldn't have rung 7. must have had; would have been 8. couldn't have bought 9. should have waited 10. couldn't have carried; must have helped 11. couldn't have been; must have been 12. must have crashed; would have reported 13. may/might have blown up; may/might have planted, may/might have had 14. may/might have tried; may/might have been 15. may/might have gone, may/might have been; couldn't have been 16. may/might have collapsed; would have taken over 17. shouldn't have done, should have said 18. must have been 19. needn't have done; should have told; shouldn't/wouldn't have wasted , 20. could have passed; should/could have worked 21. couldn't possibly have opened; couldn't have got 22. must have let; must have followed ... slipped 23. needn't have bought 24. must have drugged ... dumped; might/would have been run; may/might have been 25. must have bribed; may/might have followed; couldn't have done; would/should have seen 26. needn't have stamped 27. couldn't have done; must have given 28. must have been 29. could have taken; may/might have been; may/might have hopped in ... snatched 30. should have told; would/could have lent 31. needn't have taken; could have walked 32. must have been watching/must have watched 33. needn't have rung/shouldn't have rung; could have dialled/should have dialled 34. must have had 35. could have had/might have had; couldn't have had 36. could have married; must have loved; must have been
31. (may/might in the affirmative is replaceable by could. In 1, 7, 10, 20, 23 should is replaced by ought to.) 1. should have been 2. may/might have written, couldn't have written must have fallen 4. may/might have liked 5. must have been
6. needn't have sent 7. might/should have left 8. may/might have been 9. can't/couldn't have been, may/might have been 10. shouldn't have gone 11. may/might have been 12. were to have been 13. should/would have been 14. needn't have carried 15. may/might have been 16. can't/couldn't have been, must have been 17. must have been 18. was to have been 19. would have reached 20. could/should have crossed 21. should have brought 22. may/might have been 23. must have been 24. can't/couldn't have been, must have been 25. may/might not have heard 26. could have put you up 27. would have fallen 28. should have checked 29. needn't have apologized 30. may/might not have realized 31. might/should have thanked 32. was to have gone
32. 1. should have had 2. must have been 3. must have damaged 4. should not have parked 5. must have studied 6. should have studied 7. must have been 8. should have deposited 9. must have forgotten 10. must not have studied
33. 1. I would 2. would have gone 3. may have had 4. should have done 5. must have forgotten 6. may have slept 7. might have had 8. could have lost 9. shouldn't have driven 10. may have run
49. 1. Don't worry. They won't be late. They might be going here and will be here in some minutes 2. When are we to be at the railway station? At 9.00 but you needn't hurry. The train is leaving at 9.30 3. She must have failed to recognize us 4. Can you be still working at this translation? The article is very simple 5. They can't have moved to a new flat 6. The book must be a great success with the readers 7. His speech must have produced a great impression on the audience 8. You must have been informed that the train would be late 9. She should have phoned to her mother to warn her that she might fail to come
50. 1. I can hardly go away and leave you alone 2. What is done cannot be undone 3. She can't have done it! 4. I could come earlier if necessary 5. He may have forgotten his promise 6. You may stay if you choose to 7. You might have brought the book in time 8. You simply must see the exhibition 9. He must be there now 10. This book is a must 11. Shall I get you some more tea' 12. The fine should not be more $20 13. I would not do it for anything 14. You ought to do your duty 15. He ought to have been a doctor 16. Don't you dare touch him 17. As I was to be there at
5. sharp I had to take a taxi 18. They are unlikely to come 19. It might be true 20. Could he have meant it?
51. 1. She may have lost her bag 2. Could you tell me the time, please 3. How old may she be? 4. You may not smoke here 5. I have to get up early 6. You might have offered your help when he got into trouble 7. We must obey the laws 8. You shall pay for this! 9. I would rather stay home 10. You needn't do it, if you don't want to 11. How dare you say such things! 12. You wouldn't know him 13. You ought to have known it 14. That should suit you 15. Shall I wait for you? 16. He must have made a mistake 17. He cannot be a day over forty 18. He could have done it; nobody knows 19. He may have lost his way 20. He could cry for shame
CONDITIONALS
1. 1. If those shoes in the windows fit me I shall buy them
2. If you drop that vase my wife will murder you! 3. If it's fine tomorrow we can have a picnic somewhere 4. If I change my job I'll try to get something more interesting 5. If we are late for the theatre we may not be able to get seats 6. If you lose my library book I shall have to pay for it 7. If you meet some friends of mine in London introduce yourself to them 8. If he passes his exam he'll go on to university 9. If I get a rise next year we'll think of buying a house
5. 1. If you give/he'll work 2. If you take/won't be 3. don't remember/she'll be 4. If you send/she'll forgive 5. don't put on/you'll get 6. don't tell I'll never trust 7. If you just say/we can forget 8. If you are not firm/they'll misbehave 9. don't practise/you'll never become
6. 1. ... we leave immediately 2. ... I'll tell him what you said
3. ... you will support it with evidence 4. ... I shall buy a new car next month 5. ... they can't reach an agreement 6. ... you can assume I'm not coming 7. ... you will be ready to take the examination next term 8. I will let you into the secret ... 9. ... it is really impossible for you to work it out yourself 10 ... he never discovers the truth? 11. ... we can give up the idea completely 12 . . and I'll find a solution.
7. 1. will give 2. stand 3. eats 4. will telephone 5. will arrest 6. reads 7. will steal 8. doesn't open 9. washes 10. needs 11. don't go 12. makes 13. is 14. hears 15. will make 16. will bury 17. won't be 18. doesn't start 19. won't let or don't let (habit) 20. goes 21. sells 22. will you repay 23. rises 24. works 25. turns/will turn 26. burns 27. don't like 28. will have 29. see 30. will you promise 31. don't believe 32. likes 33. will make 34. shan't/won't be able 35. knows 36. ring
8. 1. find, will give 2. smoke, will/may object 3. put, will crack 4. see 5. wins, will get, comes, will get 6. feel 7. wants, will have 8. have finished 9. stands, will capsize 10. isn't working, will have 11. doesn't go 12. hear 13. will get 14. leaves, will be 15. freezes, will be 16. don't take, will have 17. takes, will have 18. don't feel/aren't feeling 19. brakes, will/may skid 20. like, will get 21. would like 22. growls 23. isn't working 24. don't know 25. refuses 26. won't/doesn't help 27. are going 28. do you employ 29. will be 30. hate, don't you change 31. don't want 32. hear 33. will see 34. rings/should ring 35. reach/should reach 36. would care, will send
9. Part 1. Drill ("What'll happen if ..." is normally replaceable by "What'll you do if" and vice versa. These are possible answers only.) 1. What'll you do if he doesn't pay you tonight? 2. What'll you do if you don't get a permit? 3. What'll you do if you don't pass? 4. What'll you do if he refuses? 5. What'll happen if he chooses Smith? 6. What'll you do if you can't find a cheap room? 7. What'll happen if it doesn't open? 8. What'll happen if I forget it? 9. What'll happen if they don't believe me? 10. What'll you call it if it's a boy? 11. What'll happen if we don't get a lift 12. What'll happen if it isn't clear of fog? 13. What'll happen/How long will it take if he doesn't help us? 14. What'll happen if he isn't at home?/What'll we do if ...? 15. What'll we do if the ice isn't thick enough? 16. What'll happen/What happens if you walk on them when the tide is coming in? 17. What'll we do if it's wet? 18. What'll we do if we (do) another puncture?
Part 2. 1. If you like I can get 2. If you like I'll ask 3. If you like I'll bring the photographs 4. If you like I'll give 5. If you like you can watch 6. If you like I'll arrange a helicopter trip 7. If you like I'll knit you one 8. If you like you can borrow 9. If you like I'll come 10. If you like I'll ask Ann 11. If you like I'll get you an application form 12. If you like I'll go with you 13. If you like I'll
paint 14. If you like you can leave 15. If you like we'll postpone 16. If you like I'll ask him 17. If you like I'll arrange for you to meet the President 18. If you like we'll go sailing
10. (First person would is normally replaceable by should except in sentences 8, 9, 22.) 1. gave, would sell 2. woke, would have 3. went, would pine 4. went, would lose 5. said, would you do 6. worked, would finish 7. would happen, blew 8. saw, would climb; would not be, would climb 9. came, would call 10. threw, would have 11. asked, would he say 12. would be; would probably start 13. rang, would be 14. saw, would assume 15. would have, were/was 16. rushed, would get 17. bought, would lose 18. had, would bring 19. did, would not be 20. were/was, would still be 21. were/was, wouldn't be staying/wouldn't stay 22. had, would drink 23. drank, would soon get 24. were/was, would not be playing 25. would you go, did 26. kept, would not be running/would not run 27. was/were, would not be sitting 28. heard, didn't you answer 29. typed, would be 30. had 31. had, would now be sitting 32. would be, would kindly sign 33. stopped, would all fly 34. would still be 35. was, didn't you change 36. won, would be writing/would write
11. (The following are possible answers but not the only possible answers.) 1. If she wasn't/weren't so shy she would enjoy 2. If he took more exercise he would be healthier 3. If I had the right change we could 4. If they spoke English to her, her English would/might improve 5. If he worked overtime he would
6. If my number was/were in the directory people would ring
7. If the police were armed we would/might have gun battles
8. If the shops delivered, life would be easier/less difficult 9. If he wasn't/weren't so thin he mightn't feel/If he was/were fatter, etc. 10. If we had matches we could light 11. If we had a steak we could cook it 12. If I wasn't/weren't so fat I could/would be able to 13. If I asked him he might help 14. If I could drive we could/would be able to take the car 15. If we had a ladder we could 16. If I were you I should/would sell it 17. If I had more time I'd read more 18. If they cleaned the windows the rooms
would look brighter 19. If he polished his shoes he'd look smarter 20. If he paid his staff properly they might work better 21. If we central heating the house would be warmer 22. If I had a dog wouldn't mind being alone 23. If he didn't spend hours watching television he would have time 24. If I had a vacuum cleaner I'd be
quicker 25. If I knew his address I could write 26. If he shaved he'd look more attractive 27. If you worked more slowly you wouldn't make 28. If I could park near my office I'd come by car 29. If I lived nearer the centre I wouldn't always be late 30. If \ had a map I could direct 31. If people drove more slowly there wouldn't be 32. If English people spoke more slowly I might/might be able to understand 33. If my house wasn't/weren't guarded by two Alsatian dogs it would be broken into 34. If the flats were clearly numbered it would be easier to find people 35. If you wiped your feet you wouldn't make muddy marks 36. If I didn't live near my office I'd spend a lot of time
12. 1. would type 2. knew 3. would look 4. played 5. wouldn't make 6. were 7. had 8. would you visit 9. gave 10. would buy 11. cleaned 12. would you be able 13. didn't belong 14. won 15. would you do 16. knew 17. gave 18. stopped 19. wouldn't come 20. saw 21. would/should be 22. would not be bitten 23. had 24. did 25. would grow 26. removed 27. would keep 28. lived 29. banned/were to ban 30. would offer 31. got 32. painted 33. changed 34. would you spend 35. had 36. wasn't
22. I ... would take a different view ... 2. ... you'd probably earn a lot more money elsewhere 3. ... he'd soon tell you whether it was serious or not 4. ... we'd certainly need to buy ourselves a car 5. ... we'd show them round 6. ... they'd change them for you 7. ... you'd begin to appreciate what the writer is trying to say
23. 1. If she loved him she would marry him 2. If our teacher didn't explain things clearly we wouldn't understand his lessons 3. If I had a watch I could tell you the time 4. If I didn't know the meaning of the word I would have to look it up 5. If this exercise were difficult not everyone would get the correct answers
24. 1. What would you do about the problem ... 2. If I were earning a good salary ... 3. ... a stranger asked you how old you were 4. ..., you'd uderstand what the writer is trying to say 5. .. I didn't have to? 6. ... I could afford it 7. ... what could he do about it? 8. ... his friends might be more sympathetic 9. ... said exactly what you think 10. ... we asked yet another person's opinion.
25. 1. had given/could have telephoned 2. hadn't been/wouldn't have come out 3. had packed/wouldn't have got damaged 4. would have remembered/had been paying 5. had been able/would have passed
26. 1. had passed/would have gone to university 2. had got there/we wouldn't have found the doors locked in our faces
3. had read/she would have understood what I meant 4. hadn't understood/we would have asked him to Explain again
27. 1. would have passed/if he had taken a little more care 2. would have got/if we had left just 15 minutes earlier 3. would have read/if she had been able to get a copy 4. wouldn't have understood/if he hadn't explained it clearly
28. 1. If I were you, I'd take ... 2. If he hadn't had his wife's
... 3. If it hadn't been for his ... 4. If one considers ... 5. If you ' don't (or didn't) have ... 6. ... if we discussed ... 7. As long as you follow ... 8. If we had given up ...
36. (should in the following answers may be replaced by would; contractions may be used in the affirmative and negative.) 1. should have visited 2. would have won 3. had arrived
4. had been 5. should have been 6. had not seen 7. would have fallen 8. would you have accepted 9. had had 10. had known
11. should have offered 12. would not have stung 13. had realized 14. should have stopped 15. should have reached 16. should not have lent 17. had not sneezed 18. had put 19. would not have got 20. would not have tried 21. had spoken 22. would not have been 23. had known 24. had tried 25. would not have got 26. would not have put 27. had been 28. would have come 29. wouldn't have turned 30. had looked 31. would have been captured 32. had tried 33. should have taken 34. would have saved 35. had not called 36. would not have burnt
37. (Sometimes would below is replaced by might or could.} 1. had not taken, wouldn't have got 2. had paid, wouldn't have been 3. had told, would have cooked 4. had had, would have been 5. had known, would have lent 6. hadn't had, would have fallen 7. had realized, wouldn't have accepted 8. hadn't taken 9. had been lit 10. hadn't rung 11. had waited, would have seen
12. wouldn't have been, hadn't knocked 13. had patented, would have made 14. had had, would have been 15. had told, would have agreed 16. had been, would have been able 17. had been, would have been launched 18. had known, wouldn't have thrown
19. had known, would have brought; would have enjoyed
20. would have attended 21. would have refused, had offered 22. wouldn't have known, hadn't told 23. had read, would have refused 24. had been playing, would certainly have heard
25. would you have done 26. hadn't rained, would have been 27. had been waiting 28. had used, would have lit 29. hadn't been wearing, should/would have recognized 30. had known, would have backed 31. had been, would have phoned 32. had turned 33. had played, would have had 34. had booked, would have had 35. had been, would not have been 36. had held, would not have been
38. (These are possible answers but not the only possible answers.) 1. If I had seen the signal I would have stopped 2. If I'd known your number I would have rung 3. If she had known you were in hospital she would have visited 4. If there had been taxis we would have taken one 5. If she hadn't been so shy she might have spoken 6. If she hadn't threatened to set fire to her flat I wouldn't have asked 7. If we'd had time we'd have visited 8. If the lift had been working I wouldn't have come up the stairs 9. If we had listened carefully we mightn't have made 10. If we hadn't got a lift we shouldn't/wouldn't have reached 11. If you hadn't washed it in boiling water it wouldn't have shrunk 12. If we hadn't been using an out-of date timetable we shouldn't/wouldn't have missed 13. If his own men hadn't deserted him he wouldn't have failed 14. If they hadn't been driving so quickly the accident wouldn't' have been 15. If it hadn't been raining I would have taken 16. If I'd known that in summer etc. I wouldn't have bought 17. If Tom's father hadn't been on the Board he wouldn't have got 18. If he'd been looking where he was going he wouldn't have been run over 19. If I'd been brought up in the country I might like country life 20. If I'd known he was so quarrelsome I wouldn't/shouldn't have invited him 21. If it hadn't rained all the time he might have enjoyed his visit 22. If I'd worked hard at school I would/should/might have got a good job 23. If they hadn't used closed-circuit television they wouldn't/mightn't have spotted 24. If he'd been wearing a shirt they wouldn't have asked him to leave 25. If the streets had been clearly marked it wouldn't have taken us so long 26. If we'd had enough money we would/should have gone by air 27. If you'd put your hand up the bus would have stopped 28. If he hadn't turned up looking so disreputable they would have given him 29. If I'd known how thin the ice was I wouldn't/shouldn't have been walking 30. If he had taken the fight seriously from the beginning he might have won 31. If they hadn't paid the ransom at once they wouldn't have got
32. If he had read the passage more slowly the candidates would have understood 33. If they'd been wearing life-jackets they mightn't have been drowned 34. If his wife had encouraged him he might have got 35. If the exit doors hadn't been blocked people would have been able to escape/could have escaped 36. They would have walked further if they hadn't been hampered by or But for the thick dust they would have walked further
39. (First person would is normally replaceable by should.) 1. stays, will be/should be 2. didn't know, wouldn't/couldn't understand 3. hadn't got, would/might have come; wouldn't have been 4. knew, did you take 5. were not
6. had not been, would not have cheered 7. had not cheered, would not have run 8. had not run, would not have crashed, would not have been 9. returns/should return 10. why don't you sell/why not sell; had, would sell 11. didn't know, did you offer; would refuse 12. leaves, will/may steal 13. wore, would see
14. hadn't loved, would not have waited 15. had looked, would have been 16. start, will the village people resist 17. would you like 18. won't be able; can't, can't 19. would have been, had become 20. had gone, would be 21. had, would make 22. had known, would have brought 23. bathed, would be 24. stood, would all see, would be 25. were, would get 26. do, please remind/would you please remind 27. would have realized 28. had admitted, would not have been 29. had, would grow; would be 30. had known, would have stayed 31. had, would make 32. had told, would/could have gone 33. spend, won't have 34. hadn't been, mightn't have been 35. had, would get 36. would happen, had; would play, (would) miss, would fail, (would) have; would not feed, would get; would catch, (would) die, would have, would keep
48. 1. understood or could understand 2. would not have been 3. will give 4. would have told 5. would have been 6. had
7. would stop 8. needed 9. would have found 10. enjoyed 11. paint 12. were 13. writes 14. would permit or had permitted
15. could spend 16. will accept 17. buys 18. had decided 19. would have written 20. will leak or may leak 21. had studied 22. hears 23. see 24. gets 25. turn 26. were 27. would have called 28. would have talked 29. explained 30. spoke
49. 1. hadn't failed/wouldn't be taking 2. had remembered/we could open 3. hadn't missed/wouldn't be waiting
4. there hadn't been/wouldn't be able 5. had taken/you wouldn't be
50. 1. ... there hadn't been quite such a crowd of people
there 2. It would have been a wonderful day for sailing...... 3. .
I had asked you last week? 4. ... you wouldn't have got into such difficulties 5. ... I'd have thought it over much more carefully 6. . he would never have got the job 7. ... it might have avoided a lot of unpleasantness 8. ... you had known how desperately he needed it 9. ... we had followed your plan rather than mine? 10. ... the damage wouldn't have been nearly so extensive 11. ... she had known him better
51. 1. If only you had acted sensibly ... 2. If my bank manager calls ... 3. ... he expects us to believe him ... 4. ... you're not feeling very well? 5. How on earth did you find me ...? 6. If anything goes wrong tomorrow ... 7. ... why didn't you write it down? 8. When would we be likely to arrive ...? 9. ... I didn't have to get up and go to work this morning 10. ... were able to write your letters in English
52. (In the affirmative and negative shall and should can be replaced by will and would respectively; and contractions may be used. Should in sentences 1, 7, 11 however does not change.) 1. find/should find 2. shall have 3. will happen 4. had had 5. will you stay 6. would you choose 7. gets/should get 8. comes 9. will sit 10. didn't talk 11. shall/should I do 12. had read 13. had 14. shall go 15. would you do 16. run 17. will not be
18. comes 19. would not have 20. had worn 21. leaves 22. will fall 23. don't change 24. should not have bought 25. hung 26. would be able to/could 27. should have brought 28. would have been 29. would not have printed 30. should not buy 31. want 32. won't be 33. would jump 34. would answer 35. had made 36. had known
54. 1. could I speak 2. speaking 3. could you come and do 4. couldn't 5. could come 6. could you come 7. could get, would 8. wouldn't, would, leave 9. thought you said 10. could get couldn't make 11. having, doesn't like 12. is always trying, cleaning, thinks/says 13. does she want/would she like you to do 14 would like/wants me to work 15. says/thinks it would be 16. worked, would know 17. are you really thinking 18. like, like
19. would get 20. would Wednesday suit 21. would, to come 22. will, let 23. will, won't 24. will, do
58. 1. I wish I could ... 2. I wish I had ... 3. She wishes her parents approved ... 4. I wish I were ... 5. I wish you liked
59. 1. I wish I were rich 2. I wish you'd hurry up 3. It's time we were leaving 4. I wish I knew his opinion 5. I'd rather you kept it a secret ... 6. I wish you weren't going ... 7. I'd rather you didn't smoke ... 8. It's time he found ... 9. My parents would rather we lived ... 10. It's high time the weather improved 11 I wish you'd stop making ...
60. 1. I wouldn't take in this problem unless it grew in importance 2. We'll stay in the bar while she is shopping 3. Unless you drive carefully you will have an accident 4. I wouldn't drink this water, if I were you 5. We could buy a TV this year, if you were better paid 6. If he weren't so absent-minded, he wouldn't have taken you for his sister 7. Alice wouldn't have bought the books if she didn't love me 8. If you had taken medicine you would be well now 9. Auntie, I wish I hadn't done it 10. She wished she were free and could go with him 11. We wouldn't have gone to the restaurant if we had known the prices 12. On condition you ate less, you would not get so fat
61. 1. If you come over to my place, I'll show you my shots 2. Mike and his friends would have gone to see the races, if it hadn't rained 3. Your dress would look better as soon as you changed the buttons 4. The cake would have burnt if I hadn't gone to the kitchen 5. She would have called a doctor if she had had a fever 6. He won't come unless his wife gets better 7. If I got rich, I would buy a fur coat 8. Cathy would look more attractive, if she dressed better 9. The dog will bark, if you knock at the door 10. If Helen knew the address, she would have come by now 11. I'll send him a cable, if he doesn't come tomorrow 12. The fire wouldn't have gone out, if we had put more logs in it
62. 1. If the theatre were not so far we could walk there 2. If I were you I should always speak English 3. If she did not love him she would not have gone with him to the North after graduating from the Institute 4. If it had not been for you, I should have never done this work in time 5. If you hadn't been in a hurry you wouldn't have left this book then 6. You ought to have told him the
'' truth. You would have no troubles 7. If we didn't know each other, he would not have invited us to the party 8. If it were raining now I should stay at home 9. If you had written out your mistakes you wouldn't have made them yesterday 10. You wouldn't have missed the train if you had taken a taxi
63. 1. If the weather is nice tomorrow, we'll go to the beach 2. If I see Ann, I will ask her to call you 3. I'll drop in later if something new comes up 4. If people drove more carefully, there would be fewer accidents 5. If you went to bed earlier, you would not feel so tired 6. If I had enough time, I would fly to San Francisco 7. If I knew her well, I would call her at home 8. If I had $50,000, I could travel around the world 9. If Boris knew English better, he could get a good job 10. If Boris knew English better, he would get a good job 11. If I were you, I would study computer science 12. If the Smiths had invited me, I would have gone to yesterday's party 13. If I had known your address, I would have written to you 14. If I had got a pay rise, I would not look for another job 15. If it had not rained last night, we would have visited our friends 16. If I had had a car last summer, I would have gone to the beach every Sunday 17. If George had come on time, he could have helped me 18. If you had known it was going to rain, you should have taken an umbrella with you 19. If you had not called Jim, everything would be OK now 20. If I were there, I would help him
21. Were I there, I would help him
INFINITIVE. GERUND. PARTICIPLE
5. 1. leave 2. repaired 3. to type 4. call 5. painted 6. write 7. lie 8. sent 9. cut 10. to sign 11. leave 12. to wash 13. fixed 14. published 15. find
8. 1. do 2. sing 3. to swim 4. to live 5. to go, rain 6. say. understand 7. to see 8. repeat 9. use 10. ask, use 11. to get, start 12. remember 13. to do 14. to go, wait 15. leave 16. open 17. (to) argue 18. to smoke 19. (to) move 20. play 21. to accept
22. to arrive 23. know 24. wait 25. tell 26. send 27. go, to meet 28. to have 29. leave, want, to take 30. to go, make, go 31. go, to visit 32. to know, to live 33. not to inform, (to) disobey 34. come, stay 35. take, make, drink 36. to disappoint, let, have
9. 1. to be 2. wish to make 3. want, to know 4. remember, look 5. to learn, to know 6. to be 7. not to feed 8. see, to speak 9. to travel, to arrive 10. know, to use, show 11. to sign
12. open/opening, move/moving 13. to make, believe 14. to have missed, go 15. shake/shaking 16. to try, to come 17. go, promise, not to tell 18. like to come, walk 19. to ask, to tell, to get 20. to put, (to) keep 21. to read, answer 22. show, to open 23. say, to say 24. to be 25. want, to tell, to call, to discuss 26. to give, see/be seeing, not to forget 27. open/opening, throw/throwing 28. to carry, help 29. to pick, to handle 30. crash/crashing, burst/bursting 31. to do, wait, to let 32. crow/crowing 33. tell, be, to check 34. come, go, be/have been 35. to learn 36. be, look
11. 1. too young to have 2. too cold to bathe 3. so kind as to answer/kind enough to answer 4. too old to wear 5. long enough to reach 6. enough money to live on 7. too furious to speak 8. hot enough to boil 9. foolish enough to tell/so foolish as to tell 10. thin enough to slip 11. too ill to eat 12. too wide to get through 13. strong enough to dance on 14. too terrified to move 15. big enough to harm 16. strong enough to keep 17. too deep to wade 18. too lazy to get up 19. early enough to catch 20. so good as to forward/good enough to forward 21. thick enough to walk on 22. too drunk to answer 23. too cold to have 24. rash enough to set off/so rash as to set off 25. high enough to see 26. old enough to understand 27. too snobbish to talk 28. too thick to push through 29. too mean to give 30. too impatient to listen 31. too tired to walk 32. not dark enough to see 33. hot enough to fry 34. too bitter to eat 35. so kind as to turn down/kind enough to turn down 36. too selfish to put
12. 1. to leave 2. only to find 3. You are to go 4. so kind as to lend/kind enough to lend 5. to mend/to be mended 6. to hear 7. for him to hear 8. It was stupid of me to be rude 9. to play with 10. for everyone to know 11. to sit 12. only to find 13. It was very brave of him to rush 14. to wear 15. He is expected to broadcast 16. to cook in 17. only to learn 18. to open it with 19. seems to have been committed 20. Is he likely to arrive 21. just about to leave 22. You are to be met 23. for them to have 24. He is said to have been 25. to continue the strike 26. kind enough to translate/so kind as to translate 27. for us to leave 28. It was stupid of you to sign 29. She is said to have 30. to swim 31. He is believed to be 32. He appears to have been killed 33. to realize 34. The earth is said to have been 35. only to discover 36. The murderer is said to be hiding
13. (should is replaced by ought to.} 1. must have been 2. can't/couldn't have seen, must have dreamt 3. may/might have broken 4. needn't have carried 5. should have gone 6. were to have been 7. can't/couldn't have been, must have been 8. shouldn't have eaten 9. may/might not have understood 10. needn't have given 11. must have escaped 12. shouldn't have lied 13. may/might have been, can't/couldn't have been 14. must have cooked 15. needn't have brought 16. must have told 17. was to have unveiled 18. may/might have been 19. must have met 20. should have done 21. can't/couldn't have caught 22. needn't have opened 23. must have betrayed 24. shouldn't have driven 25. could have climbed 26. would have asked 27. should have been abolished 28. shouldn't/needn't have boiled 29. was to have played 30. may/might have been 31. should have taken 32. must have had 33. may/might/could have fallen 34. must have been 35. needn't have translated 36. shouldn't have looked
14. (I'd is replaced by I should. Should (obligation) is replaceable by ought to in nos 5, 9, 13, 17. May/might in the affirmative is normally replaceable by could.} 1. was to have married 2. needn't have repeated 3. seems to have been 4. were to have set out 5. shouldn't have eaten, may/might have been (may indicates that the danger is still present; might that it is over) 6. must have worked 7. needn't have brought 8. I'd like to have bathed/I'd have liked to bathe/I'd have liked to have bathed 9. should have written 10. wouldn't have come 11. might/should have told, would have gone, wouldn't have liked 12. may/might have been, can't/couldn't have been 13. needn't/shouldn't have bought 14. can't/couldn't have been 15. seems to have enjoyed 16. must have been 17. should have stood 18. was to have gone 19. I'd like to have photographed /I'd have liked to photograph/I'd have liked to have photographed 20. must have been 21. may/might have been 22. can't/couldn't have been driving 23. must have taken 24. may/might not have 2S I'd like to have gone/I'd have liked to go/I'd have liked to nave gone 26. can't/couldn't have seen 27. may have been 28 may/might have been started 29. must have had 30. may/might have read, can't/couldn't have read, must have told 31. may/might have been waiting 32. must have misheard 33! might have borrowed 34. I'd like to have asked/I'd have liked to ask/I'd have liked to have asked 35. must have been 36. is said to have been
23. 1. losing 2. redecorating 3. telling 4. making 5. laughing 6. waiting 7. speaking 8. listening 9. reading 10. being sent
11. worrying 12. crying 13. travelling 14. arriving 15. taking
24. 1. meeting 2. eating 3. having seen 4. getting married
5. speaking 6. staying 7. smoking 8. increasing 9. travelling 10. following
25. 1. The customer accused the cashier of trying ... 2. Many people succeed in passing ... 3. Concert-goers are asked to refrain from smoking ... 4. The solicitor dissuaded his client from taking ... 5. If ..., you can't blame him for making ... 6. The hijackers prevented the passengers from leaving ... 7. The student apologized for missing (or having missed) ... 8. Visitors to the Zoo are prohibited from feeding ... 9. Despite ..., the party bore insisted on telling me ... 10. The police suspect the owner of the store of starting ...
26. 1. eating starchy foods 2. going abroad 3. making school furniture 4. giving the jury clear directions 5. growing their own vegetables 6. putting everything back in its place 7. introducing the new topic immediately 8. entering my house ... 9. deciding whether to take legal action 10. swimming in that particular part of the sea/being carried away by dangerous currents 11. putting the assistant to a great deal of trouble/buying anything
12. taking fewer subjects/getting a good result in the examination
27. 1. following such a course of action 2. doing the same thing day after day 3. bullying younger boys 4. walking unaccompanied in the park at night 5. bringing up his children 6. pointing out other people's faults 7. disobeying the orders of a superior officer 8. locking building at night? 9. saving money: instead of hoping to win it on football pools 10. satisfying the demands of the local residents 11. going to the Arctic for a holiday 12. doing as they had originally planned
29. 1. seeing 2. having 3. to meet 4. to work 5. to see
6. waiting 7. not to touch 8. to lock, going 9. not to speak 10. behaving 11. to explain, to listen 12. smoking 13. to know 14. to disguise, dressing 15. to wait 16. showing, to work 17. walking, catch up 18. to understand 19. exceeding 20. playing, doing 21. to inform 22. overhearing 23. smoking, to
smoke 24. going, saying 25. writing, waiting 26. to avoid being 27. giving, to speak 28. to persuade, to agree 29. cleaning, to be cleaned, to do 30. shutting, sitting 31. sneezing, sitting 32. talking, to finish 33. to give up jogging 34. stopping, forgetting to wind 35. realizing, helping 36. to make, rubbing
30. 1. answering, ring 2. letting, chase, being 3. driving, being driven 4. to start looking 5. lending, to cash 6. Lying, sitting 7. to go 8. neglecting to take 9. to show, to use 10. going, to see/seeing 11. telephoning, asking, to look 12. hearing, not to enter 13. to have, writing 14. to answer, replying 15. to explain, to listen, grumbling 16. offering, to leave, (to) work 17. making, to do 18. having to get up 19. to forget, worrying 20. remaining, to help, to stay 21. to run, to have recovered 22. listening, hearing 23. to learn, reading, listening 24. to start, to wait 25. setting, having been 26. to go 27. to go, (to) try to save, cutting 28. earn, scrubbing, make, blackmailing. 29. discussing, having reached 30. having, to ride 31. (to) leave, meeting, recognize 32. paying 33. to give 34. interrupting, repeating 35. cutting, to go 36. buying, selling 37. giving, to explain 38. asking, telling, to buy 39. to tell, looking 40. to be, to erupt/erupting
31. 1. to ride, to do, coming, to come 2. spending, earning 3. being, to apologize 4. to eat 5. working, spending 6. looking, being 7. posting 8. to lock, go, do 9. to learn, saying 10. trying to interrupt, to wait, talking 11. doing, to move/moving 12. leaving, to go 13. to drink 14. being, to wait 15. trying to make, adding 16. going, stay 17. to look, (to) take, looking, to do 18. getting up, walking 19. listening, listening 20. to make/making, to see 21. doing 22. to put, to prevent, climbing 23. taking, to-eat 24. ringing, asking, to do 25. waiting, to clear, to set 26. repeat, to make, to do 27. leaving, sending, to tow 28. borrowing, asking, to do 29. to offend, annoying 30. to be able to.tell, gazing 31. getting, to walk 32. to ask, to leave
32. 1. trying/answer 2. building 3. passing 4. trying/make
5. having 6. dislike/living 7. winning 8. try/discuss/speaking 9. teaching 10. increasing
34. 1. to accept 2. having 3. going 4. to reach 5. opening
6. leaving 7. to return 8. buying 9. to accept 10. being 11. to be 12. to finish 13. to leave 14. to tell 15. to stop 16. driving 17. to know 18. returning 19. leaving 20. leaving
44. 1. Knowing that he was poor, I offered 2. Having barricaded the windows, we assembled 3. Becoming tired of my com-
I plaints, she turned it off 4. Finding/having found no one at home, he left 5. Hoping to find the will, she searched 6. Having removed all traces of his crime, he left 7. Realizing that he has missed the train, he began 8. Exhausted by his work, he threw 9. Having spent all his money, he decided 10. Having escaped from prison, he looked 11. Having heard the story before, she didn't want 12. Having found the money, they began 13. Entering the room suddenly, she found 14. Turning on the light, I was 15. Having visited the museum, we decided 16. Thinking we were lost, he offered 17. Having found his revolver and loaded it, he sat 18. Realizing that she couldn't move it alone, she asked 19. Having fed the dog, he sat 20. Addressing the congregation, he said
21. Thinking he had made a mistake somewhere, he went
22. Looking/having looked through the fashion magazines, I realize
23. The tree, uprooted by the gale, had fallen 24. People sleeping in the next room were 25. Knowing that the murderer was still at large, I was 26. Having stolen the silver, he looked 27. Soaked to the skin, we reached 28. Sitting/Seated in the front row, and using ... I saw 29. ... sitting by the fire, you will take 30. Knowing that ..., I didn't like 31. Believing that she could trust him, she gave 32. Slates, ripped off by the gale, fell 33. The lion, finding his cage door open and seeing no sign on his keeper, left 34. The government, trying to tax people according to the size of their houses, once put a tax 35. Having heard that the caves were dangerous, I didn't like 36. Wearing extremely fashionable clothes and surrounded by photographers and press men, she swept
45. 1. When leaving a car ... you must leave the brakes 2. As/When I was wading etc or Wading across ... I was swept off my feet by 3. When a tank is being filled/When you are filling a tank 4. Running into the room, she caught her foot on a rug and fell 5. When I read the letter 6. When carrying ... you should never point it 7. When planting ... you must take care 8. In his first race, the horse he was riding fell 9. When paying by cheque, you must show 10. Knowing me to be ... , he was astonished to hear that 11. As he believed that 12. As I passed/ or As/When I was passing 13. When I am reading/When I read 14. As he left 15. I led the dog, barking furiously, out 16. After I had paid my taxes, the amount 17. As I was writing 18. The boat, tied to a post, was being tossed up and down by the sea 19. As the question had been misunderstood, the wrong answer 20. We saw the first star, shining in the sky 21. It is easy to have an accident when one is/you are driving 22. The man saw a notice pinned to the door 23. They read the words "No Entry" written in 24. While he was cleaning his gun it went off 25. When/As I was wondering where to go, an advertisement 26. As I rushed out of the house, a lorry 27. As I sat by the fire, it all came back
28. We thought he would never survive after falling from
29. When a fuse is being changed, the electricity ... or When you are changing a fuse you should switch 30. I saw a trailer with a boat on it being towed behind 31 As he was sitting at the foot ... a stone fell 32. When he drove to work the traffic jams infuriated him 33. As I sat in the dentist's chair an idea 34. I felt sure that ... would kill him, weakened as he was by his last illness 35. A scorpion bit him as he got out of bed
46. 1. beginning to slip/begin to slip/begin slipping, to save, falling 2. falling, trying to keep 3. to lend, taking 4. to open 5. reading, to read 6. to book, to keep, to lose 7. to avoid being, being/to be, waiting 8. to get, to ask 9. making, speak/speaking 10. to win, cheating 11. firing/to fire, graze 12. strike/striking, to get 13. ringing/ring, to be coming to open 14. to go, to give 15. to put, (to) watch, change/changing 16. to see, to avoid hitting 17. to be, crackling 18. climbing, to explain, to say, to let, go 19. convincing, to get, leap 20. driving, doing, to do 21. to sit. (to) hear, howling 22. getting, climbing, to do 23. roar/roaring, to move/moving, waving 24. writing, to do, to go, see 25. walking, to cross, thinking, to chase 26. to be having, thudding 27. getting, to pay 28. to come, standing 29. to like making and flying ... doing 39. to arrive, rising 31. sawing, fall/falling 32. to see/seeing, crying/cry 33. jump/jumping, fall/falling 34. to wake, (to) hear, beating 35. beginning to roll/begin to roll/begin rolling, to do, to stop 36. laughing, slipping/slip
47. 1. living, to like 2. to travel; to take, to go 3. to buy, selling 4. to catch; getting, getting 5. to complain; losing 6. going, being, putting; telling, to take 7. to lock; go, do 8. to touch, being 9. househunting, to ask; looking 10. go; swimming, going 11. to be paid; taking, measuring; to expect, to do, to be, to die 12. spending, arguing, not to go 13. giving, going to live 14. to leave; to call 15. keep you waiting; apologizing 16. telling.
to talk 17. earning, to show 18. to start; filling 19. to carry; to move, carry 20. to take; take; cutting; to get, taking; to saw, escape 21. to ask, to leave; asking Tom to do; asking, to travel 22. to cut; sharpening 23. to buy, to ask 24. cheating, buying, dealing/to deal 25. dining, have; to go; having 26. cutting/to be cut; have, to have 27. to convince, managing, helping
28. travelling, standing; queuing, waiting; to go 29. following, criticizing, to hit 30. to stay; wait; to go 31. to rebel, not to adopt 32. arriving; to wait, waiting; to be 33. to come, going; to climb, making 34. to work, getting 35. start; to risk getting 36. calling, letting, decide
48. 1. sleeping, to camp 2. to come; listening, listening, talking 3. to leave, to put 4. to park 5. smoking, to risk setting, smoke 6. writing, to receive, go 7. buying; shopping 8. to see, to find, buy; trying to travel 9. to turn; working 10. taking, dropping, pretending 11. to grow, buying; to prevent, playing 12. keeping; to fill; asking, to keep; making 13. going; to come; to go, go; travelling 14. go fishing; coming; to cut, wasting, sitting, watching, fishing 15. being, to wait; to see 16. to prevent, rushing, dashing 17. tossing, crashing 18. to eat, trying 19. walking, take; go; to get 20. to start; raining, walking
21. counting, thinking; moving, being robbed; to get, to make
22. letting, keeping, to sell 23. to lean, watching, going, coming; shouting, talking 24. to know, to learn; to greet/greeting, to talk 25. untying, climbing, crawling 26. finding; getting; to know 27. to see/seeing, sitting; relaxing, reading, produce, to be; performing, keeping 28. spending, living, to think, selling, returning
29. arguing; argue; seeing 30. to hear; seeing; to bring 31. receiving, selling; receiving, selling, to sell 32. hovering, being, climbing; run/running; coming/come, leading 33. to be passing, to give, to pick, to drop 34. having; to have; sitting, swirling, taking 35. writing, showing 36. swim; swimming; going
49. 1. You are really guilty of having provoked this fight 2. I was always afraid of losing his benevolence 3. Don't miss an opportunity to see this exhibition 4. Are you quite sure of those words referring to my mother? 5. I could feel her hands shaking when she was putting her coat on 6. He stepped aside for me to pass 7. The expedition is reported to have reached its destination 8. Walter Scott is considered to be the father of historical novel 9. She doesn't seem to want to do anything I suggest 10. His office turned out to be in one of the remote streets of the town 11. She watched him go up the street and enter a house 12. He wanted me to go to India with him 13. I saw a taxi stop by our house 14. It is no use asking him about it 15. They decided against sending him a telegram
50. 1. I have so often known a change of medicine work wonders 2. What makes you think so? 3. Let us be the best friends in the world 4. For about ten days we seemed to have been living on nothing but cold meat and bread 5. I hated the sound of the rain pattering on the roof 6. Having put the car in the garage he remembered that he had had no breakfast 7. I like making people happy 8. Excuse my taking your seat 9. He does not like to be disturbed when writing letters 10. There was a rumour that they were likely to be married at last 11. I don't like you to talk like that 12. He looked at the carpet while waiting for her answer 13. I think everybody looked forward to his coming back 14. Don't forget shutting the windows when you leave home 15. When did you have your hair cut?
51. I.I felt my heart jump 2. The door and window of the room being open, we looked in 3. There is no hope of seeing him soon 4. He heard the town clock strike twelve 5. The lake was rough but I kept on rowing 6. I insist on being treated with respect 7. When left to herself she sat down at the desk to write the article 8. There's nobody here for him to play with 9. She denied having been at the station that night 10. He avoided looking at Sabine 11. You can get your clothes made in Europe
12. He spoke loud enough for you to hear 13. He proved to be an ideal teacher 14. Edith is said to resemble me 15. We count on their coming back after several days 16, I won't have you speak like that! 17. He is said to be good at translating verse 18. I happen to know his phone number 19. He is sure to take part in the expedition in January 20. She couldn't help smiling
52. 1. The first night of the performance was reported to take place on the 9th of August 2. We shan't let you pay no attention to him 3. He appeared to have left the keys at home 4. He didn't want David to live at home 5. Ancient burial places are said to have been found 6. I got him to take off his coat and have cup of tea 7. He is said to have travelled a lot 8. You should have your photo taken by Wednesday 9. He is said to have been working at a new book for a year 10. I'll have Ann help me pack all the
things 11. Mr Osborn wanted his son to marry Emily whose father was very rich 12. This picture is considered to have been painted by Repin 13. Nobody noticed him come in and stop at the door 14. The principal is expected to make a speech at the farewell party 15. Gloomy thoughts didn't let Robert fall asleep that night 16. The Romans are said to have built good roads in England 17. He is likely to have finished working at this book 18. He seems to like the performance 19. He was considered to be one of the most experienced football players in the team 20. They had the guest play the piano 21. He was seen to be running toward the forest 22. When will you have your piano tuned? It is impossible to play it 23. Where have you had your bicycle repaired? 24. This opera company is said to have given some performances in London 25. He heard the clock strike 12 26. The plane is reported to have landed in time 27. They watched him go upstairs and enter the house
53. 1. The woman sitting in the armchair is the editor's wife
2. The man standing at the blackboard is our English teacher
3. The fence surrounding the garden is newly painted 4. I couldn't fall asleep last night because there was a crying baby in the next door room 5. John has bought a used car 6. The police are looking for the stolen car 7. The advertised merchandise was not available at the store 8. The articles written by this political observer are read with great interest all over the world 9. We are discussing the article written by Jack Nelson 10. Don't wake up the sleeping child 11. The child sleeping on the sofa is sick 12. Feeling unwell, Joe decided not to go to work 13. Seeing Nancy, Ann cried with joy 14. Asking me about my summer plans, Mr Smith smiled all of a sudden 15. Being busy, Jack refused the invitation 16. Having read the newspaper, he wrote some business letters
54. 1. John likes studying foreign languages 2. I don't remember having seen such a movie 3. He is fond of playing chess
4. Jack is proud of being among the winners of the contest 5. The children insisted on watching television after dinner 6. I am not interested in listening to her gossips 7. You have no reason for refusing to see Jack 8. My wife does not approve of my fast driving 9. I object to Bob's driving the car 10. I was afraid of missing the train 11. Jack intends to buy a new car 12. I prefer meeting you at Carnegie Hall 13. I would appreciate your calling me back 14. Please excuse me disturbing you 15. I have finished typing a business letter 16. She couldn't help smiling 17. She denies having called Albert 18. Martin avoids meeting us 19. She refrained from mentioning the name of her acquaintances 20. Ann is not capable of doing any harm
55. 1. To take sleeping tablets is harmful 2. Here is the letter to be mailed as soon as possible 3. He is too nervous to drive a car 4. The flight may have been cancelled 5. You must spend more time on your English 6. I would like to have a cup of coffee 7. Let me say a few words 8. Let us be friends 9. Let's stop talking now 10. I heard my neighbours quarrel 11. Have you heard Jane play the piano? 12. I saw him fall 13. I heard him mention your name 14. He made us wait three hours 15. What makes you laugh? 16. You'd better call the doctor 17. You'd better tell your parents the truth 18. I would rather listen to music 19. My wife helped me look for my glasses 20. Help me move that sofa
REPORTED SPEECH
10. 11-1; 5-2; 14-3; 7-4; 10-5; 12-6; 13-7; 15-8; 2-9; 6-10; 3-11; 8-12; 1-13; 4-14; 16-15; 9-16.
31. (In many of these examples other pronouns would be equally correct^} 1. told her I had ... to show her 2. said nothing grew in her garden ... it never got 3. told his mother he was going away the next day 4. said he had been ... he hadn't had 5. remarked that it wasn't so foggy that day as it had been the day as before 6. said that the underpass was being opened two days later 7. said they had moved into their flat but they didn't like it ... their last one 8. said they had ... it didn't work 9. said that ... windows of his flat he could see 10. said she'd no idea what the time was but she'd dial 11. his wife had just been made 12. said she'd come with me ... she was 13. said he had ... that afternoon ... he hadn't done his homework 14. warned her if she let ... she would scorch her clothes 15. pointed out I hadn't given him ... bill was ... I'd paid him 16. Englishmen made ... they were 17. she liked men ... she didn't like them ... She preferred ... men looked silly 18. The report stated that the new Rolls Royce ran ... all you could hear was ... The Managing Director replied that they'd have 19. said she didn't know ... her plums. She supposed (said she supposed) she'd have to ... trouble was no one in her
family ate 20. explained they liked working ... they got 21. that he was ... and he did all his own 22. told Joan she could keep that one if she liked as he had 23. said he was going fishing with his mother that afternoon and they were just going 24. told her she had got my umbrella and that hers was in her bedroom 25. explained to his client that he knew what they had said because he had bugged 26. said he'd sit up till she came in but he hoped she wouldn't 27. told me that if I gave him ... he'd ... for me 28. said she had ... it didn't seem ... to her weight 29. said it was ... and that he used one of them himself 30. said her new house was supposed to be ... but that so far she hadn't seen
31. said that if we answered all the questions ... we might win
32. said that if he pressed his ear ... he could hear ... were saying 32. 1. he hadn't been able to get ... he had lost his key, so he
had had to break 2. the mirror was there ... he could see himself when he was dancing 3. told him she had written to him two days before and wondered why he hadn't 4. if the ground was dry ... his horse might win 5. advised me to slow down as there was 6. said that if Tom wanted ... he'd better apply 7. they had walked ... the previous night ... protest about their rent. The Minister had been ... had promised ... what he could for them 8. said they should put traffic lights there, otherwise there'd be 9. told them it was time they began training for their ... 10. said to me that if I left ... I should be there 11. if it rained that afternoon it would be ... the following day 12. told her guest she had meant ... she had plugged ... She was always doing 13. he had been intending ... the next day ... didn't think he'd be 14. told Mrs Smith that Bill should do ... he had done very well at the school 15. told her husband she didn't think his father liked her 16. told her the steak was ... and said/added that he was not complaining but was just pointing ... she said she wished he'd stop 17. reported that the burglars hadn't been able ... had carried it 18. told me that if I saw her father I'd recognize him ... He was 19. he had found ... the day before'... was going ... that afternoon 20. he had got out ... while he was standing ... the gears (had) engaged ... and the boat had gone/went 21. says he has done 22. asked if he would like me to go with him. He said he'd rather go ... or, I offered to go with him, but he said 23. told me I might take his car if I liked and said he wouldn't be needing it the next day or the day after that 24. that the previous day Tom and she had gone/been to
look ... he was thinking ... It was rather ... and had a lovely garden but Tom had decided ... was opposite 25. his wife wanted to take ... he'd rather she concentrated on their home 26. she didn't know what my father would say when he saw ... my puppies had made of the £5 note 27. it was high time I passed my test; she was tired 28. said I wished she had seen it
33. 1. asked what had happened 2. asked which .. (had) inherited 3. asked who was going 4. asked what would happen 5. asked which team had won 6. asked which team (had) won 7. asked who was playing the following week 8. asked who would be umpiring 9. asked who wanted 10. asked who had just dropped 11. asked where the ... office was 12. asked what she should do with her ... 13. asked what platform the train left 14. asked when it arrived 15. asked when the timetable had been changed 16 asked why the 2.30 had been ... 17. asked how much a day return cost 18. asked why the price went up 19. asked how he could get 20. asked when they were coming 21. asked if a return ... was 22. asked if puppies travelled 23. asked if she could bring her dog ... with her 24. asked if the train stopped 25. asked if you could telephone 26. asked if the 2.40 had 27. asked if you could get 28. asked if they brought 29. asked if there were 30. asked if
he had
34. 1. asked what-country I came from 2. asked how long I'd been here 3. asked if I was working 4. asked if I had 5. asked what I was going to study 6. asked if I had enrolled 7. asked if I wanted to buy 8. asked if I had seen 9. asked if I played 10. asked if I would have 11. asked if I had played for my ... 12. asked if I was interested 13. asked if I would like 14. asked what I thought
Each of the following will begin: she asked/ wanted to
know/ enquired 15. how long it had been 16. if I liked 17. if he
was 18. how many ... there were 19. how big the classes were
20. if the classes were 21. what the academic standard was like
22. if parents could visit 23. if there was 24. if they taught
25. what ... could the children learn 26. if there was 27. if they\
i acted 28. what ... plays they had done 29. what games they
played 30. if the fields were 31. if they were taught 32. if the
children could get 33. if the food was good 34. if there was
35. how often it met 36. if our boys had been/were happy
35. (/'/ is interchangeable with whether except in conditional sentences.} 1. asked why he was looking 2. asked who had
put ... in his coffee 3. asked which of them knew 4. asked why he had travelled 5. inquired how she could run in high-heeled shoes 6. asked them what their new house was like 7. asked where he was supposed to go 8. asked him whose car he had borrowed the previous night 9. asked me what she was/had been wearing when I saw her last 10. asked who owned the revolver 11. asked Mr J. where he had been the previous night 12. asked the boy what else he had seen 13. asked whether he had done that sort
14. asked her if she could read 15. inquired whether they had understood what I had said to them 16. asked the customer if he was being attended to 17. asked him if he would go ... the others did 18. asked Mary if she saw what he saw 19. inquired who had left 20. asked him if he had gone ... and if he wanted 21. asked why his house was ... and whether his father had been 22. asked if he was leaving that day or the following morning 23. asked how far it was and how long it would take 24. asked if he could speak to Mrs Pitt. The au pair girl answered that she was afraid she was out and asked if she could take 25. asked the little boy if he was sorry for what he had done 26. asked her if she was going to 27. asked the woman if she would mind if he looked inside her bag 28. asked the student if he would know what to do if someone fell at his feet 29. asked her why she thought it might be 30. asked him if he knew ... shoes he was wearing weren't
36. (The following are possible answers. Other introductory verbs are often possible.) 1. He told her to switch off the TV 2. She told Tom to shut 3. I asked Mary to lend me her pen 4. I warned them not to watch 5. He warned me not to believe everything I heard 6. asked me to fill up the 7. I told them not to hurry 8. warned Mary not to touch the switch 9. ordered the bank clerk to open 10. begged me to do as he said 11. told Peter to help his mother 12. told the children not to make 13. told us to do whatever we liked 14. warned them not to miss their train
15. advised his client to read it before he signed it 16. begged her to sing it again 17. warned us not to put our hands 18. advised him to buy 19. begged him not to drive 20. told the boys not to lean their bicycles against his windows 21. asked her to come with him 22. advised her to cook it 23. warned the lady not to touch 24. told the boys not to argue with him 25. told him to pull as hard as he could 26. ordered the porter to send 27. advised us not to lend 28. told us to make a list of what we wanted 29. told
her to look 30. warned the people on the platform to stand clear 31. asked the children to see if they could 32. warned her not to go 33. asked the customer to pay 34. the notice told us to leave the space clear 35. I reminded them to write to their 36. warned her to think well before she answered
37. (See note above key to Exercise 36.) 1. told me to get out of his 2. ordered me to climb 3. asked the customer to pay 4. asked her to open her 5. told Mrs P. not to worry but (to) leave it all to him 6. warned him not to use 7. told the taxi-driver to follow the car 8. recommended me to wash 9. urged me to have confidence in him 10. told the liftman to take him 11. advised the passengers to read 12. told her always to cook .. and never to use 13. told him not to argue with his 14. reminded me to prune 15. told her to wait for him 16. advised her not to eat ... and to avoid 17. advised me not to say 18. the notice told/asked people not to ask 19. told her not to forget 20. advised /told me to cross 21. asked him to write to her as-often as he could 22. told him to put his 23. asked the porter to find him 24. told me not to forget my 25. told the children not to go 26. told his men to search 27. told her not to make 28. told/warned him to put the gun down as it was loaded
38. (See note above key to Exercise 36.) 1. advised us to make ... our time as we wouldn't get 2. urged the public not to wait till the following day but to post ... that day 3. warned them to be ... and reminded me to drive 4. said he couldn't open it and told/asked Peter to have 5. told me to go and get him ... and to come 6. said someone was coming and told/urged me to get 7. warned us to give way to ... the /our right 8. begged us to send whatever we could spare 9. advised him to wear a wig if he didn't want to be recognized 10. warned/told them not to bathe when the red flag was flying 11. told him not to forget/reminded him to thank ... when he was saying 12. told me to watch ... and not to let it 13. told/advised/warned me not to shelter ... as the tree might 14. told me to put the message ... and throw 15. told me to read it for myself if I didn't believe what he said 16. reminded me to use my 17. told her husband not to drive . or the baby would 18. begged her to make ... stronger and said that it had been ... the previous night 19. warned us to beware
20. told me to smell it and asked if I thought it had gone bad
21. told him not to take his coat off as they were going 22. told
her to stand by the window and tell him if anyone went 23. told his pupil not to move till ... waved him on 24. told me not to touch it as I would only make 25. warned him to be careful as the steps were 26. told/asked the girl to ask her boss ... and said that my number was ... She asked me to repeat it 27. ... told him to tell them not to work ... as if they finished ... they wouldn't get 28. The placard warned us to prepare to meet our doom as the end of the world was at hand 29. The instructor reminded me to put 30. Keiko asked him to take off his
39. 1. he invited me to have lunch with him 2. offered me/her/him a 3. asked if they'd mind not smoking/asked them not to smoke 4. told her to take the ... and to shut the door as she went 5. asked me to help her as she couldn't 6. said it was a ... and advised me to ask 7. advised me to try to/and get 8. offered to wait for me/said she'd wait if I liked 9. reminded me to switch off when I'd finished 10. asked/told me to check the figures for him 11. advised me to apologize 12. asked him to check 13. told me to sit/said he wished I'd sit ... asked how I expected him to paint me when I kept jerking my head 14. advised him to go by train as it was 15. The notice asked guests not to play 16. asked me to wait 17. strongly advised me to see 18. advised them to plant 18. asked me to sign 20. asked me to forward ... while he was 21. The police asked anyone who has seen the ... to get in touch with their nearest 22. warned me not to leave my ... as our host's dogs might mistake me 23. told me to answer the letter and reminded me to keep 24. asked me to move my car as it was blocking his 25. Mrs Jones asked them to let her know when their ... came in 26. The coach told the first team to report 27. Tom asked Ann to sew on the button for him. Mary advised him to sew it on himself as buttons ... usually came off 28. The girl asked me to sit down and said .../said that if I sat down the fortune-teller would be with me
40. 1. asked if he could get 2. said she couldn't open ... Tom offered to do it for her 3. asked the official to translate it 4. wondered if they would ever meet 5. asked if I would be there the next day. I said that I would 6. asked if she could lose ... the doctor said (that) she couldn't 7. offered me a drink 8. urged us to install 9. asked me to read it 10. asked (me) if she should tell him what had happened 11. asked if I wouldn't like to look 12. said she was going ... Tom said he was too and offered her
a lift/asked if she'd like a lift 13. asked for a sweet/asked if he could have a sweet 14. asked if they could stay 15. asked for the weekend/asked if he could have 16. asked if he could leave 17. asked (him) why he didn't like 18. advised him to take up
19. asked where he should hang his . . and if it would look
20. asked what I should/was to do if the car wouldn't start
21. asked if I had enough ... and offered to lend me some
22. asked if he would be able to guide me or if I should bring
23. reminded him to shut 24. asked (her) if she would like to see 25. asked me to peel 26. said that he'd got two tickets and invited me to come/go with him 27. asked if I could use ... I said (that) I couldn't 28. asked if I'd mind living by myself 29. asked me to pay /asked if I'd mind paying 30. asked why she didn't trust him. She said (that) she never trusted
41. (See note above key to Exercise 36) 1. told me to re member to get ... when I was or reminded me to get, etc. or said that when I was at ... I was to get 2. told/advised me to sit down and put my head between my knees if I felt or said that if I felt faint I was to put/should put 3. asked what he was to do/should do with my purse if he found it. I told/asked him to keep it till! he saw me 4. told me/asked me to give him a drink if he arrived before she got back or said that if he arrived before she got back I was to give 5. told me if anyone rang up to say or said that if anyone rang up I was to say she'd be 6. told me when I was driving always to look in my mirror or said that when I was driving I should always look 7. told me to leave the key under the mat if I went out or said that if 1 went out I was to leave 8. told me to shut the window if I thought the room was cold or said that if I thought the room was cold I was to shut/should shut • 9. told me to ring him up if I felt lonely any time or said that if I felt lonely I was to ring 10. said that if she didn't eat meat I was to offer her an omelette (the tell construction would be very clumsy here) 11. told me to get the car off the road if I had a puncture and not to leave or said that if I had a puncture I was to get/should get ... and not leave 12. told me to take the letter to the police if he wasn't back by that time the next day or said that if he wasn't back by ... I was to take 13. told her husband not to forget/reminded him to thank Mrs Pitt when he saw her 14. told me to take the meat out of the oven when the bell rang or said that when the bell rang I was to take/should take 15. told them
to give their ... if they were taken ... but to refuse to answer or said that if they were taken ... they were to give ... but (to) refuse 16. told them to shut ... and go ... when they heard or said that when they heard ... they were to shut and go 17. told me to press ... if the lift should stop/stopped or said that if the lift should stop/stopped ... I was to press/should press 18. told me to ask a client if he had a weak heart before I allowed him or said that before I allowed anyone ... I was to ask/should ask 19. asked what she should/was to say if the police stopped her 20. asked what she should do if he refused to let her in. I told her to write
21. asked/wondered what would happen if the strike continued
22. ... how they would get food if it went' on 23. ... asked if they could go ... the rain stopped 24. said that when they'd ... they were to 25. advised her to switch ... if she didn't like 26. asked whether/if the bank would repay ... if I lost 27. told me I had/'d better complain ... if the noise got 28. said I was to ring him and give him ... as soon as I found
42. Part 1. (Alternative constructions are often possible.) 1-14. Ann suggested having a party on the following Saturday. Mary agreed and asked who they should invite. Ann was against making a list and suggested they should just invite everybody. Mary said they didn't want to do much cooking and proposed making it a wine and cheese party. Ann then suggested that they should ask everyone to bring a bottle. Mary reminded her that they hadn't many glasses left and suggested hiring glasses from their local wine shop. Ann suggested having the party in the garden if it was warm and then Mary put forward the idea of a barbecue. Ann thought this way a good idea and said they could ask Paul to do the cooking. Mary remembered that last time they had had a barbecue the neighbours had complained about the noise, and she wondered if they should ask everyone to speak in whispers. Ann suggested going round to the neighbours instead and apologizing in advance. Mary, however, proposed inviting the neighbours, adding that then the noise wouldn't matter. Ann thought that was a clever idea and suggested ringing everyone up that night, but Mary prudently suggested working out how much it would cost first
Part 2. 15. Mrs Smith suggested ... but her husband suggested renting ..., adding that it was all they could afford 16. I suggested that Ann should complain, saying that the boss was
more likely to listen to her 17. She reminded him that he used to be ... and suggested that he should 18. He proposed walking ... as it was not far and I agreed 19. Ann suggested (our) joining a weaving class, adding that there was one 20. The children suggested organizing ... the teacher proposed 21. I asked Bill where we should meet and he suggested the hotel 22. I suggested to Ann that she should ring him and ask him what he thought 23. I pointed out I was doing ... and suggested that he should give me/him giving me 24. He proposed leaving/that they should leave adding that he hated 25. Their father suggested that the children should go 26. I suggested his/him asking them what they would like to do 27. He suggested that we should begin training ... I said I had ... and suggested that he should ask Paul 28. They suggested me/my putting an advertisement in the local paper
43. (The following are possible answers only.} 1. warned us not to walk on the ice as it wasn't 2. introduced Miss White to Miss Brown 3. gave/handed her the keys, advising/and advised her to wait 4. begged me not to tell ... I promised not to/promised (that) I wouldn't 5. offered him my torch but he refused as/explaining that he had one of his own 6. Tom offered to pay. Ann protested but he insisted 7. invited us to come in and look round, assuring us that there was no 8. threatened to kill the boy if they didn't pay 9. refused to answer any questions 10. complained that he expected ... agreed (with her) 11. wished it would 12. pointed out that I had pressed ... He warned me not to do ... I might have 13. exclaimed that her weight had gone up ... she admitted /agreed that it had 14. hoped I'd have a good journey/wished me a good journey and reminded me to send a card when I arrived 15. exclaimed with delight that he had passed ... I congratulated him and wished him luck 16. She agreed to wait 17. wished him many happy returns of his ... and he thanked us 18. pointed out/remarked that my door was ... I agreed (with her)/I admitted it 19. He offered me a cigarette and I accepted 20. Their mother threatened to sell ... if they kept ... The children begged her not to do that, promising not to quarrel/assuring her that they wouldn't quarrel 21. offered me £500 to keep my 22. He promised to wait for me 23. I apologized for being late and explained that the bus had broken 24. accused him of leaking ... He denied it. Tom called him a liar 25. threatened to drop us from
the team if we did not train 26. complained that if the boys did ... he called them his sons, but that if they did ... he called them hers 27. Tom suggested having arest and Ann agreed 28. He exclaimed with disgust that there was a slug in his ... and called 44. (Other alternatives are possible here.)
1. Tom: Would you like to come for a drive, tomorrow, Ann?
2. Ann: I'd love to. Where are you thinking of going, Tom?
3. Tom: Well, I'll leave it to you
4. Ann: What about Stratford?
5. I haven't been there for ages
6. Tom: Good idea!/All right. We might go on the river if it's a fine day
7. Ann: I wonder what's on at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre
8. Tom: We'll find out when we get there
9. It's usually possible to get seats on the day of the play 10. Can you be ready by ten?
11.Ann: I'm afraid not, Tom/I'm very sorry, Tom, but I can't. I have to type a report first
12. Tom: Working on Saturday! What a horrible idea!
13. I'd change my job if I were you
14. Ann: Don't be ridiculous, Tom!
15. I volunteered to type the report in return for a free afternoon next week
16. I didn't know you were going to ask me out, after all
17. Tom: Oh well, I suppose it's all right
18. But don't make a habit of volunteering for weekend work, will you?
19. Ann: No, I promise I won't
20. Tom: (gloomily) I suppose you'll be busy all morning
21. Ann: No, no! I'll finished by 11.00
22. Shall I meet you at the bus stop at Hyde Park Corner?
23. Tom: That isn't a very good meeting place. I'll call for you
24. Ann: That's very good of you, Tom. I'll be waiting in the hall
25. Tom: Let's climb to the top. The view from there is marvellous
26. Ann: But we've been climbing for three hours already. I'm too tired to go any further
27. Why don't you go on up? I'll go down and wait there
28. Tom: All right. Here are the car keys. You'd better wait in the car./You could wait in the car, couldn't you?
29. I'll be as quick as I can
30. Ann: There'll be no lunch left if you're too long. I'll have eaten it all!
45. (In the exercises on reported speech we often use nouns as subjects: e. g. the policeman, the children, Paul etc. In the answers, to save space, we have often used pronouns.} 1. he said he was going out but he'd be in 2. she said she was working ... and didn't much care 3. Peter said he couldn't live on his basic salary and he'd have to 4. Mary said her young brother wanted to be ... she couldn't think why because none of her family had ever been 5. they said they were waiting ... and it was late 6. he said he had made ... I said he was always making ... and should be used to it 7. he said they made ... and sent ... to their wives 8. he said it was lonely being away from their ... but they earned ... in that/the factory as they would in their own 9. he said they had been there ... and were going to stay 10. he said he'd got ... I said that would be ... he replied he knew it would be hard but he didn't mind ... and it would be 11. he said the ice would soon be ... she said she would look for her skates when she got 12. she said she was living with her parents at the moment but she hoped to have a flat of her own soon 13. she said she was leaving the following day ... we said we'd come and see her off 14. he said he'd just bought ... but it wasn't insured yet so he couldn't take me 15. she said she would like to speak ... but she was bathing ... and they would drown if she left ... she went 16. Ann says she is coming ... next week. She hopes we will meet her 17. She said nothing ever happened ... it was like ... people had drifted 18. he said he had missed his train; he'd be late ... and his boss would be 19. they said they would wait for me if I was late/for us if we were late 20. I said they were supposed ... but if the fog got ... the plane might be 21. she said if I lent her ... she'd bring ... in two days' time 22. he grumbled he hated getting up on dark mornings; his wife agreed it was horrible but said the mornings would be lighter soon and then it wouldn't be 23. she said the sales were starting the following day and as soon as they finished work the whole ... pool was going ... I (said I) hoped they would all get what they wanted 24. he (said he) wished he had something ... said he had only ‘just had lunch and she didn't know how
he could be 25. my aunt said if I was short ... she could lend me ... and I could take my time 26. he said he usually took his dog ... when he came 27. I said I had ... for her brother. Ann said he wasn't at home; he had left two days before 28. I said I had bought the bag ... he said I shouldn't have bought ... it didn't go with my coat 29. she said she must hurry as her father was always ... if any of them were 30. he said if I wanted to smoke I would have to 31. he said he was building himself ... he wouldn't show it to me just yet but when the roof was on I could come 32. he said the lake would probably freeze that night; it was much colder than the previous night. Mary said she would go ... and if it was frozen she would make ... ducks could 33. He said ... the strikers went back the following day it would be ... things returned 34. She said someone was trying to murder her. She kept getting 35. she said she was taking her children ... the following day 36. she said all she could hear was ... she wondered if it was
46. (See the notes to Exercise 45) 1. he said there had been ... road was blocked ... it wouldn't be clear ... he advised us to go/he said we'd better go 2. they suggested lighting ... cooking their sausages 3. he said he was thinking ... aunt advised him not to go ...as it was a bad 4. he warned us to take ... as we might have to 5. he said he had left some books on my table. He thought I'd find them useful and said I could keep them as long as I needed them but that he'd like ... when I had finished with them. I thanked him and said I'd take/promised to take 6. he said that if the children could ... were ... should be able ... he was teaching 7. he said the puppy could sleep on their bed ... she said she'd rather he slept ... would soon be ... there wouldn't be ... all three of them 8. she said she'd try by herself ... and if she found that she couldn't ... she'd ask Tom to help her 9. Mary suggested camping by the stream as, or pointing out that if they went on, it might be dark before they found 10. they wished they'd brought their ... as then they could have offered ... and perhaps they (the restaurant) would have given them 11. Jones said he'd booked ... The receptionist said she (was afraid that they) hadn't got his letter ... all rooms had been taken ... but they could give him ... Jones said that wouldn't do him 12. he said he'd had gypsies on his land and they'd given ... Council had asked him ... He didn't see why ... and was writing to his MP 13. he grumbled that the letter was ... She admitted she had done it ... and said she supposed she'd better 14. he said if they'd like to go on any of the tours the hotel would arrange it. They said they'd like 15. he said they'd try to find my passport but it would be ... slept ... might have robbed me 16. she suggested going ... and said they might make their ... She'd been given ... He said he had had ... from her ... they had been 17. he said he didn't know why she wasted ... the neighbours all polished ... she didn't want their Mini ... . If he were any good ... he'd help her 18. he apologized for not having a tie on. He said he didn't know it was going 19. he said he would have enjoyed ... if the man next to him hadn't snored 20. I said I was thinking ... he advised me to take someone with me. It was safer as one could ... slept 21. Paul says that the plans have been changed; we're going tomorrow now not the next day. He wants us to meet him at Victoria tonight 22. He said that if he wanted ... he had to ... it wasn't hot. I said that was ridiculous and that it was high time he left 23. he said he knew the umbrella belonged to me but he thought it would be all right if he borrowed it because I wasn't going out the following day and he was 24. he suggested putting my ... and making It would be ...what they were planning. I said/objected that my recorder made ... and they'd be sure ... and then they'd find ... and ask 25. she said whenever her father was unhappy he would go out and buy ... their rooms were full ... they couldn't use. Tom said that he was sorry for her father; he must have been 26. he said I could leave my ... in his garage if I liked ... he would keep ... while I was away 27. he told Ann that if she wanted a job she should read ... it was no use ... outside her door 28. he said it used to be ... but that now it was impossible. When summer came I'd have to 29. he said I must leave a note for my ... otherwise she'd be ... when I wasn't in at my 30. she said ... had just arrived ... and he was ... She wondered if she should ring ... wait till he came
47. (See the notes to Exercise 45) 1. she asked who had been using her 2. he asked if I wanted 3. he asked if I minded 4. they asked if I would like to come with them/they invited me to come with them 5. she asked who I had given 6. he asked how long it took 7. he asked how much I thought it would cost 8. she asked him what he had missed most when he was/had been 9. he asked if the seat was taken 10. He asked how I got on with my 11. they asked him how he had got 12. he asked what I was/had been doing with the skeleton ... and if I was/had been
trying 13. she asked me if I had slept 14. they asked him if he had been there 15. she asked if I could tell her why Paul (had) left 16. he asked how many ... knew 17. she asked if there were ... for her 18. he asked how long I had been 19. he asked why I wasn't 20. the customer asked if they were 21. I asked where they were going for their 22. she asked if it would be ... if she came ... that night 23. he asked if I had ever seen 24. she asked him where she could park her 25. she asked if I would like ... I asked which way she was going 26. she asked who I wanted 27. he asked if anyone wanted 28. I asked what he was going to do with his 29. I asked if she grew her own 30. he asked what train I was going 31. she asked him if he could change ... and said she was afraid she hadn't got/and apologized for not having
32. she asked how many ... he had taken. He said he had no idea
33. they asked if they could see the manager/they asked to see the manager. The secretary asked if they had 34. he asked if I thought I could live ... on my own ... or if I would get 35. he asked if any of us had actually seen 36. she asked if she could see/she asked to see/she asked for Commander Smith. I said I was afraid he was in orbit and asked if she would like
48. 1. he suggested having ... Ann agreed and suggested going ... Jack was always 2. she said Jack's parents had asked her ... the following night and asked what she should wear. Her mother advised her to wear ... as it was 3. he said he was broke. Peter offered to lend him 4. the clerk said it would take ... to look up her file. Ann asked if it was worth waiting or if she should 5. he asked if he would have to do ... if he failed ... The teacher said that he would 6. I asked where he would be the next day in case I had to ring him. He said that he would be in his ... at his flat. He wouldn't be going 7. Mary asked what she should do with the cracked cup and her mother advised her to throw 8. she wondered if she would ever see 9. he asked me to get out ... and he had to change ... I offered to help 10. he said he'd run ... and asked me to give him/asked for a lift 11. he suggested going ... She said she liked ... but that her only ... shoes were being ... She suggested going 12. he said I had a lot ... and offered to carry some of them for me 13. he wondered if they would be 14. he asked what he should do with all the money. Mary advised him to take ... and get/Mary suggested taking ... and getting 15. Peter offered Jack a cigarette. Jack thanked him and said he didn't
smoke .16. They asked if she'd like to go/invited her to go with them, saying that there was ... Ann said she'd love to/Ann accepted 17. she asked Mr Jones if he could do without her that day as she had ... and thought it might ... if she stayed. Mr Jones advised her to stay ... and to take the next day off too if she wasn't better 18. Mary told Paul that she'd just come back to her flat ... in her chair. He was still there ... and she asked/wanted to know what she should do. Paul advised her to wake him and ask him who he was, adding that there was 19. he said he wasn't quite ... and asked Jack to wait/if he could wait ... Jack said he couldn't wait long because the train went 20. I asked her to take off her hat/if she would mind taking ... She pointed out that the theatre was ... and suggested my/me moving 21. he said he often saw ... and asked if I thought he should 22. I asked what changes he would make if the house was his. He said he'd pull ... The site was all right 23. he asked for my name 24. he offered to send it round to his hotel/asked if he should send ... The tourist said he wasn't staying ... and he'd take it with him 25. I asked (him) how long they would go on looking ... He said they'd stop when it got ... and start ... the following day 26. I said we couldn't discuss it over the phone ... and suggested meeting in my flat the following day. He said he'd rather I came to his ... and asked if I could get there 27. he asked for 40p to buy an ice cream /as he wanted to buy an ice-cream 28. he asked (us) if we would like ... of his flat, or if we would rather 29. she asked me to help her with her luggage, and said that if I took ... she'd take ... I said it was ridiculous ... and asked if she couldn't manage ... but she said she couldn't 30. Ann said she couldn't come ... (so) Peter suggested Tuesday ... Ann agreed (to this)
49. (The verb of command given below is not necessarily the only possible one. See also note to Exercise 45) 1. she told him not to put ... in his 2. she begged him not to do 3. he urged me to apply ... as it would just suit me 4. he advised me to say nothing 5. she asked them to wait in the lounge till their flight number was called 6. I advised her not to lend ... as he never paid 7. she asked him to ring 8. he asked me to move my case/asked if I'd mind moving my case as it was blocking 9. she reminded him to book 10. he told/warned me to get 11. he warned me to avoid Marble Arch as there was going 12. he told me to hold the ladder as it was ... I suggested tying/advised him to tie it ... as it
was much safer 13. he told them to read ... and not to write 14. he warned me not to leave my money 15. he advised me to open 16. he invited her to lunch that day. She said she was afraid she couldn't as she couldn't leave/She refused, explaining that she couldn't leave 17. he warned me not to take more than two of them 18. I asked to speak to Albert/asked if I could speak ... She said he was ... I asked her to wake him as I had 19. he advised me to buy 20. they said I was being exploited and that I ought to leave my job/and advised me to leave 21. she told them to fasten their ... as there might be 22. he warned me not to drive ... or oncoming drivers might take me 23. he asked to see my licence 24. I advised him to sweep up 25. she said the bathroom was empty and asked me to put ... when I had 26. he reminded me to insure my 27. she begged him not to ... and reminded him that they had to 28. I urged Tom to go ... before his toothache got 29. he advised me to cut my hair, saying that I would find ... if I looked 30. he asked for some more
50. (See the note to Exercise 45) 1. the clerk asked me to fill up the form 2. he asked me to read 3. she asked for a new cheque book. He asked her to show him her 4. Tom says that we are to be ready/should be ready 5. he begged me not to tell his mother 6. he ordered/warned us not to fire 7. he advised me to take 8. she asked me to help her 9. he warned me not to drive 10. he warned/told/advised me not to smoke 11. she said that when I'd chosen a book I was to bring it to her and she would 12. he told me to show 13. a notice warned/ordered us to reduce speed at once 14. he asked to see my ticket 15. he warned me to keep an eye on my luggage as the place was 16. he said that when I'd read it I was to pass it on or he told me to pass it on ... when I'd read it 17. he suggested lighting ... and cooking 18. he told me to press the button whenever I saw ...she said that whenever I saw ... I was to press 19. he told her to sit down and tell him what was worrying her 20. he told me to walk ... and just to nod if I recognized my attacker but not to say/and said that if I recognized my attacker I was just to nod but not to say 21. he said that even if I felt hungry I wasn't to eat/shouldn't eat .../he advised me not to eat ... even if I felt 22. he asked Ann to ring and order a taxi for him. She suggested (his) going/advised him to go by tube as it was 23. she suggested buying some yeast and making their own bread as the bread they were getting was
24. he advised them to boil the water (first) if they had to use it, and warned them not to drink it unboiled 25. he suggested not telling anyone/that they shouldn't tell anyone till they were ... report was 26. Tom says he's got the tickets and (that) we're to meet him 27. he urged the strikers to show that they were ... 28. A notice advised customer to count their ... as mistakes could not 29. he warned me not to clap yet, as she hadn't finished. He added (that) singers loathed people who clapped 30. he reminded me to put my name
51. 1. Paul wants me to get him 2. Mr White would like you to meet him 3. Ann offered to get ... Mr Jones said he'd rather she got ... Ann said there weren't any and (that) the shops were 4. he told me not to worry ... as he made ... I asked if he learnt from his ... or if he kept 5. I said I was looking for ... who drank in that bar. The barman advised me to keep away from Albert as he didn't like strangers 6. He asked to have a look at my paper/asked if he could have ... I said I hadn't ... and asked him to wait ... He said he couldn't wait long as he was getting 7. she said we had woken or woke ... the previous night and that we must try ... that night. I promised we would 8. he complained that the soup was cold ... and asked why he never had ... She explained it was because the kitchen was ... If he insisted on ... he must/would have to put up ... He suggested getting ... She said (that) she wouldn't 9. he said my licence was ... I admitted that it was but said I had applied ... He warned me next time to apply ... before my current one had expired 10. I said I'd have the money for him the following ... and asked if I should post it to him. Tom asked me to keep it in my safe till he could come ... a lot of his mail had been going astray lately and he would hate to lose one of my 11. he asked to borrow my map/asked if he could borrow my map. I said he was always borrowing it and advised him to get/suggested his getting/asked why he didn't get one of his own 12. he said that when he heard ... we were to shut ... and go or he told us to shut the windows and go downstairs when we heard ... I asked what we were to do/should do if the stairs were blazing 13. she asked if I could hear the noise and what I thought it was. I (said I) thought it was ... but she (said she) thought it was ... and advised me to go/said I'd better go 14. they told Ann it was her turn ... that night. She protested that it couldn't be as she (had) baby-sat the previous night and the night before that,
and she was only supposed ... They begged her to do it just that once and promised not to ask her to do any the following week 15. he said it was the best ... problem was that they expected The tourists asked why he had brought them there. He told them not to get excited as he kept ties ... in their predicament, and he asked what colour they would like, adding that the ties were 16 1 suggested starting/offered to start/asked if I should start the next day. Tom said he'd rather I started that day 17. I advised her to go and see the film as it might help her ... Ann pointed out that the film was 18. he said he saw/had seen ... and one of them (had) sat up and waved to him. I asked which of them (had) waved. He said he didn't know; he wasn't/hadn't been near enough 19. I asked what (had) caused ... He said she must ... but he couldn't understand ... the wreck was 20. she said her car wouldn't start. The battery was flat. She asked them to give her a push just to start her ... Bill advised her to sell the car. Peter said nobody would buy it and suggested putting 21. he said he'd been given ... that he'd have to ... I suggested (his) throwing ... and saving himself ... or I advised him to throw ... and save himself 22. he told me to press ... I said that last time he (had) told me to press ... He said that that had been 23. Tom told me not to brake if I found myself skidding as that only made ... He advised me to try ... I said I knew what I should do but that when I started ... I got ... that I did. Tom told me to stop and let him ... as we were just coming ... and he didn't want 24. he said he'd run out ... and asked if I'd got any. I said I hadn't but offered to go out and get some/but said I'd go out ... if he liked. He told me not to bother as he'd missed 25. he said that repairs to cars rented from them must be arranged through their office. So if anything went wrong with car I'd hired I was to ring ... on my card. The office was open ... I asked what I should do if something went 26. asked why he hadn't ... He said that they had signalled but that she had come or came on in and had run or ran aground. I asked what was going ... He said they were going ... but that if they didn't get ... that night ... she would be there till she broke up, and there'd be 27. I asked why he was spending ... on the accounts. He said he couldn't ... he seemed to be ... and that meant he'd have to ... of his own money ... I asked if he'd like me to go through them and see if I could ... He said he wouldn't, but he'd like me to lend him 28. I asked (Jack) why he was looking so ... He said he'd just asked Ann to marry him and she'd refused. I said I thought she preferred ... and advised him to cut his hair and shave off his beard 29. she asked how he (had) got up the tree. He said he (had) used ... but that someone went/had gone off ... he was sawing. He told her to go ... and not just stand 30. he asked if I was ill and I said that I wasn't. He asked if I'd slept well the previous night and I said that I had. Then he asked/wanted to know why I was sitting ... were working, and told me to go out ... and give 31. he asked/told passengers ... to go ... Peter advised Mary to go ... but said that he'd have to ... He said he'd take ... than she would and asked her to wait for him 32. Tom says that we aren't to worry about him. He wasn't badly ... and is being ... He says he's coming back next Wednesday ... and wants us to meet the plane 33. he asked what he was to do with his ... She advised him to stuff ... but warned him not to put ... or they'd go hard 34. he suggested driving on ... and trying ... I asked what we would do if that was ... He said we'd just ... as it would be 35. she said they had ... but that he was ... wouldn't hear me ... I asked what I was to do/should do if he woke up. Ann told me to give him some of the biscuits if he started growling. I asked how she knew he liked those ... She assured me that all dogs liked them. It said so 36. he warned me that if I even touched ... alarm bells would ring ... and I would be ... I asked if he was ... He told me to try it and see
52, 1. suggested going ... and I agreed 2. urged his colleagues to show the nation that they were worthy of their 3. bagged his mother to let him stay ... that night 4. suggested eating ... Tom objected that it was/would be ... and suggested going to her flat ... and having 5. suggested leaving/that they should leave the wrecked car there ... and said it might remind 6. She said the neighbours would object and Tom said he didn't care 7. suggested going ... Mary agreed reluctantly 8. said that Tom had made the mess and that he was to clear 9. said that the next day was ... and suggested buying their mother 10. suggested taking ... and camping out. Mary suggested going ... and being 11. suggested giving a party but her husband was against the idea/opposed the idea 12. advised them not to jump ... and suggested waiting until they heard ... of the rumour or suggested that they shouldn't jump ... but wait 13. warned him that ... would say it was ... he said they could say they liked/he ex pressed complete indifference 14. urged/exhorted the nations to forget ... and to work 15. begged him to let her explain and asked him not to be 16. told the gardener to let the children play if they wanted to adding that she was sure they wouldn't do 17. suggested staying there/that we should stay there till the storm had passed 18. grumbled that it was ... and said that they should do
53. 1. said that if what she said was true he would have to go/must go 2. said that he had to/would have to/must be ... the following day 3. asked if he had to make 4. told us that we mustn't come 5. told my nephew that his ticket would cost ... he said ... he would have to go ... the next day 6. The park notice said that dogs must be kept 7. said that Tom must/would have to work 8. said that I needn't come in the following day and told me to take 9. said he had to/must go ... the following day as he had 10. The notice said that passengers must not lean 11. said that there must be ... because there was smoke 12. told him that when he was ... he would have to tie his 13. said that port wine must never be shaken 14. said he hadn't had ... and that he must be 15. said that the passport photo wasn't like her and that she must have/would have to have 16. told the children that they must not 17. said that I needn't/wouldn't have to/didn't have to get up till nine the next day 18. The railway regulations said passengers must be 19. asked (Tom) how he had got his dog ... He/Tom said that he had carried him. I said that he must be 20. said that I mustn't/wasn't to tell anyone what she had just told me 21. asked (his mother) if he had to/need eat it all and she said that he must/had to 22. said that she had had to drive his pigs out of her garden 23. The notice said that sticks ... must be left 24. asked her if she had to do it all that night or if she couldn't leave some for the following day 25. told me that when I went through Bayeux I must see 26. said that I must walk faster, I was far too slow 27. told me that I mustn't forget ... or my friend would have to pay 28. said that he needn't tell me how grateful he was
54. 1. "Would he like to go to the concert?" she asked, "I'm sure he would," I said 2. "Look where you are going," she said to me; "the road is full of holes and very badly lit." 3. "While we were bathing," they said, "we saw someone examining our clothes." 4. "Have you looked everywhere?" I asked. "Yes," she
said 5. "Let's give her/what about giving her a bottle of wine?" he said 6. "The new carpet has arrived. Where am I to put/shall I put it?" he asked 7. "An enormous load of firewood was dumped at my front gate two days ago. Since then I haven't been able to get my car out," he said 8. "Have some more wine?" they said. "Yes, please," I replied 9. "If you find the front door locked, go round the back," he said to me 10. "Who are you?" she asked the burglars, "And who let you in?" "Sit down and keep quiet," they replied, "unless you want to get hurt." 11. "What was the weather like during your holiday?" he asked. "It was awful," I answered 12. "Let's go down to the harbour and see/What about going down ... and seeing if we can hire a boat?" he suggested 13. "If you don't like escalators, you can go up the emergency staircase," he told me. "Thank you, I'll do that," I said 14. "What about Tom and you going ahead and getting the tickets?" or "Suppose you and Tom go ahead and get the tickets?" he said to me 15. "I think your electric iron is unsafe. I advise you to have it seen to" or "I should have it seen to" or "Why don't you have it seen to?" he said to me 16. "If war breaks/broke out, I shall/should have to leave the country at once," he said 17. "Did you enjoy house hunting?" I asked him. "No," he said 18. "I am surprised to see that the grandfather clock has stopped. Has anyone been fiddling with it?" she asked 19. "I tried to ring up my mother several times yesterday, but I didn't succeed in getting through," she said 20. "Would you like to borrow this book?" I asked her. "I have read it already, thank you, and didn't like it very much." 21. "Are you going to the dance? Let's make up a party and go together" or "What about making up a party and going together?" he said 22. "Stop making a fuss about nothing! You are lucky to have got a seat at all," I told her 23. "Do you want a single or a return ticket?" asked the clerk in the booking office. "Is a return any cheaper?" I asked. "It makes no difference," he said 24. "I hope you won't be offended," my employer said, "if I tell you that in my opinion you would do better in some other kind of job." 25. "If your wheels had gone a couple of inches nearer the edge, madam," said the AA man, "the car would have plunged into the ravine." 26. "You mustn't mind if the first one isn't any good," he said to me 27. "Do you think I am a liar?" he asked the crowd. "Yes!" they shouted 28. Stopping a man in the street, I asked "Would/could you help me with my
car?" "Would/will it take long?" asked the man. "I'm on my way to catch a train."
55. 1. He boasted that he could speak ... 2. He suggested that they (should) go ... that evening 3. The teacher shouted at the students to stop the noise ... 4. The man claimed that the car I was driving was his property 5. The boy admitted that he had broken ... 6. The man protested that they couldn't take ... he knew his rights 7. His fiancee whispered that she would ... 8. The treasurer objected that they didn't ... 9. The student muttered that the teacher didn't know ... was talking about 10. She exclaimed what a surprise it was ... him there that day 11. He agreed that if the weather was bad they couldn't go 12. She insisted that we come (or came) the next day if we couldn't that same day
56. 1. I was asked who I'd come to the party with 2. Someone wanted to know if I'd come ... 3. I was asked why I wasn't drinking 4. I was asked if I'd like ... 5. Someone asked me where I lived (or live) 6. I was asked if I knew ... 7. Someone wanted to know when I'd arrived 8. I was asked what I did ... 9. I was asked if I'd seen a marvellous ... the previous night 10. I was asked if I'd been watching ... 11. I was asked how I liked my coffee ... 12. Someone wanted to know what time it was 13. I was asked what my phone number was (or I was asked for my phone number) 14. Someone asked if he could ring me the next day 15. Someone wanted to know how I would get ...
57. 1. He complained that no one ... took his ... 2. He made a sneering comment about my car 3. He stammered that he hadn't meant ... 4. He told me snappishly that I might try ... my own ... 5. He announced that the meeting would ... 6. He explained that you had to push this button ... would work 7. He retorted that if I didn't' like his ..., I could get on ... myself 8. He declared that he'd never seen ... 9. He promised that I should have ... 10. He said with a groan that it was ... he'd heard that joke 11. He conceded that I'd been right 12. He gasped out that he'd just seen ...
58. 1. He said it was up to me to decide but warned me not to come and ask him for help if I got into difficulties 2. I reminded him to take his passport with him 3. The mother snapped at her daughter telling her to stop ... 4. I was surprised at the idea that he should think his friend was serious 5. The teacher told the boy sharply to do as he was told and (to) stop arguing 6. He exclaimed that he had been a fool not to accept the job but then added resignedly that it couldn't be helped now 7. The wedding guests proposed a toast to the bride ... 8. The girl begged her father not to say anything to her boyfriend for her sake 9. He asked if he should post the letter for me 10. The master said angrily that he had had just about enough of the boy's insolence. One more word from the boy, he threatened and he would be sent to ... 11. She asked her husband indignantly if he really had lost ... 12. He suggested sarcastically that I should try ... myself if I was ... 13. With cool assurance, he said he could have won ... if he had ... 14. He shouted angrily at me to ... and asked irritably if I couldn't see he was busy 15. The thief, threatening the cashier, ordered him to give him the key of the safe
59. They were stock-taking in her ... it was terrible. She'd been working ... and she couldn't do ... It wouldn't have seemed so bad if it'd been raining — she hated (or hates) having ... when it was (or is) fine ... It had been just the same the day before. She'd started ... she was (or had been) dropping ... she'd asked ... she could leave ... as she'd worked ... the day before, but he'd said (or he said) she had to ... she said she'd be thankful when it was
all over
80. "I like quilts because it's easy to make the bed." "They are warm" "They're light." "One problem is that they sometimes tend to slip off the bed." "Sometimes they're too warm." "Sometimes they are too cold." "I don't have a quilt because I'm happy with the blankets I already have." "I like to be tucked in firmly at night. You can't do that with quilts." "Quilts are expensive."
62. Joan worked ... records. One day ... at Joan. "I want a record, dear. One I heard on the radio this morning," she began. "What as the record called?" Joan asked. The woman shook her head. "I don't remember. I should know it if I heard it, though. Perhaps you'll just play me some." She settled ... stool. "We have hundreds of records in stock," Joan pointed out. "It would take ... to play you ... each. Could you hum it to me?" The woman giggled. "I can't sing ... tune. We should get into a worse muddle if I started humming." She looked ... brightened. "I've just remembered something," she said. "It comes from a play. There's a woman who speaks ... but after a time she learns to talk
beautifully." "Would it be from My Fair Lady?" Joan asked. "That's it, dear. I wish you'd thought ... sooner, instead of questions. I suppose you're new to the job."
63. When I saw the bulge at Claud's waistline I asked him what was under there. He pulled ... belly. It was to carry the stuff, he said darkly. I indicated that I understood. When he suggested we go I said I still thought we ought to take the car. He replied that this was too risky; they'd see it parked. I pointed out that it was over three miles up to the wood. Claud agreed but asked if I realized that we could get six months in the clink if they caught us. I protested that he'd never told me that. Claud's response implied that he thought he had. I then announced that I wasn't going. It wasn't worth it. Claud replied quite simply that the walk would do me good
64. I waited. The clock ticked as Mrs Armitage stared at the fire. Finally she said that Jake didn't want any more children. When I asked her if she liked children, she felt it was impossible to answer such a question. I then asked if she thought it would be wrong not to like children. First she said she didn't know, then she said she thought it would. When I asked her why, her answer was that children didn't do any harm. I agreed that perhaps they didn't directly, but indirectly ... She interjected that perhaps I didn't have any children. I said I had three, two boys and a girl. She wanted to know their ages, and I told her: 16, 14, 10. She asked if I liked them and I said I did, most of the time. Her response was that her answer was the same — she liked hers most of the time
65. 1. "What do you think? Should I take the job?" I asked. "It's entirely up to you," he replied 2. "Are you sure you had nothing to do with the disappearance of a bicycle from the school cycle sheds two days ago?" the master asked. "Quite sure," answered the boy. "I had nothing to do with it." 3. "Could I possibly have the day off tomorrow?" Peter asked his employer. "Most certainly not," answered his employer 4. "Would you lend me five pounds?" he asked. "Well, yes, provided you pay me back next week," I said 5. "Hello! Jean? Look, I'm terribly sorry to ring up at the last minute like this, but I can't come to dinner with you this evening. Will it put you out terribly?" Michael asked. "Yes, it will," Jean replied angrily. "You might have let me know earlier, and I wouldn't have needed to make such elaborate preparations."
6. "I'm going to leave England early next year to take up a job abroad," Margaret said. "Good heavens! Are you really serious?" I asked 7. "Would you please open your suitcase, Madam?" the Customs Officer said. "Well, really! Is that necessary?" said the woman. "Yes, Madam, I'm afraid it is. Would you please open it?" 8. "Why didn't you look where you're going," said the bus driver to the motorist. "What do you mean?" said the motorist. "If you hadn't been driving so fast, I'd have had a chance of stopping in time."
66. 1. An hour ago he said he would come here to-night
2. She reminded me that there would be a meeting that night
3. She said Jane could play the piano very well 4. She said sadly she was to leave 5. She said in despair she would never be happy again 6. She exclaimed indignantly that he was telling a lie 7. He said the books were being sold in all the shops 8. I was sure he would be sent to the conference 9. She said she wanted to sail down the Volga on holiday 10. He said he had lost his watch
11. He said they would discuss this problem the following week.
12. She said they had been playing football since morning 13. I said I hadn't played cricket for a long time 14. My brother said he was very tired as he had been playing cricket for 3 hours 15. She said the game would not be held if the weather was bad
67. 1. He asked me whether (if) I smoked 2. I asked Mary if she could go shopping 3. I asked him if he took a walk every evening 4. Jack asked me if I could swim 5. I asked my teacher if I could talk to him 6. John asked me if I was going to the coffee shop 7. Mr Smith asked if I had mailed the letter for him 8. I asked my father if the neighbour had returned the book 9. He asked me if I would go to Boston the following week 10. Linda asked me who was in charge of the office 11. He asked the salesman how much the typewriter cost 12. Bob asked me where Jane lived 13. Ann asked me where I was going 14. I asked my teacher what that word meant 15. Mary asked me why I smoked so much 16. Jimmy asked her who had called her an hour before 17. Bob asked Linda why she hadn't told him anything about the magnificent concert at Carnegie Hall 18. Tom asked me when Mr Johnson would come back 19. Eve asked me where I would spend my vacation
68. 1. Tom said that the elevator was out of service 2. Ann said that she lived in Boston 3. She said (that) they often went to
the moves 4 Linda said (that) they were going to the moves 5. John said (that) the Smiths had moved to Los Angeles 6 Mary said (that) Tom had called her the previous night 7. Joe told me that he would be back in an hour 8. Ann told John that she couldn’t go to the movie with him 9. He said (that) he had to finish his composition by two o'clock 10. Eve said (that) she had left home before the telegram came
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