Lesson 3 | The Behavior of Gases

Lesson 3 | The Behavior of Gases

Student Labs and Activities

Launch Lab Content Vocabulary Lesson Outline MiniLab Content Practice A Content Practice B Math Skills School to Home Key Concept Builders Enrichment Challenge Lab A Lab B Lab C Chapter Key Concepts Builder

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Launch Lab

LESSON 3: 15 minutes

Are volume and pressure of a gas related?

Pressure affects gases differently than it affects solids and liquids. How do pressure changes affect the volume of a gas?

Procedure

1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. Stretch and blow up a small balloon several times.

3. Finally, blow up the balloon to a diameter of about 5 cm. Twist the neck, and stretch the mouth of the balloon over the opening of a plastic

bottle. Tape the neck of the balloon to the bottle.

4. Squeeze and release the bottle several times while observing the balloon. Record your observations in the Data and Observations section below.

Data and Observations

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Think About This

1. Why doesn't the balloon deflate when you attach it to the bottle?

2. What caused the balloon to inflate when you squeezed the bottle?

3.

Key Concept Using this lab as a reference, do you think pressure and volume

of a gas are related? Explain.

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Content Vocabulary

LESSON 3

The Behavior of Gases

Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided. You must include the terms below in your answer.

Boyle's law

Charles's law

kinetic molecular theory

pressure

1. Temperature, pressure, and volume affect the behavior of gases. Which variable is held constant in the relationship described by Boyle's law?

2. Boyle's law describes a relationship relating to increases and decreases relative to two of these variables. What are these two variables?

3. Temperature, pressure, and volume affect the behavior of gases. Which variable is held constant in Charles's law?

4. Charles's law describes a relationship relating to increases and decreases relative to two of these variables. What are these two variables?

5. Pressure is defined as "the amount of force applied per unit of area." For a sample of gas in a container, how would pressure be affected by an increase in the volume of the container?

6. What are four main ideas that are represented in the kinetic molecular theory?

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Lesson Outline

LESSON 3

The Behavior of Gases

A. Understanding Gas Behavior

1. Temperature, pressure, and

changes affect gases more

than they do solids and

.

2. The in matter.

theory is an explanation of how particles behave

a. One idea of this theory is that all matter is made of particles.

b. These particles are in constant,

motion.

c. The particles

with other objects around them.

d. Energy is not

when particles collide.

B. What is pressure?

1.

is the result of particles' colliding with their container.

2. Pressure is the amount of

exerted per unit of area.

C. Pressure and Volume

1. When the volume of a sample of gas decreases,

increases.

2. Pressure increases because the gas is

and there are more

collisions with the

.

3. When the volume of a sample of gas

, pressure decreases.

4. Fewer

occur when the volume of a gas increases.

D. Boyle's Law

1. The scientist Robert Boyle described the relationship between

the

and the

of a gas.

2. Boyle's law states that when either volume or

increases,

the other property decreases, when

is constant.

E. Temperature and Volume

1. Gas behavior is also affected by

changes.

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Lesson Outline continued

2. When temperature increases, the increases.

of gas particles also

a. As kinetic energy increases, particles move

, and

volume

.

b. In the same way, as kinetic energy decreases, particles move

, and volume

.

F. Charles's Law

1. Jacque Charles related

and

of a gas, assuming

stays constant.

2.

states that the volume of a gas increases with increasing

temperature if the pressure is constant.

3. As an example of Charles's law, when a balloon cools, its volume

and the balloon appears partially deflated.

4. A graph of Charles's law might include -273?C, which is

called

.

a. Absolute zero is theoretically the of matter.

possible temperature

b. At absolute zero, scientists theorize that particles do

not

.

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MiniLab

LESSON 3: 20 minutes

How does temperature affect the volume?

You can observe Charles's law in action using a few lab supplies.

Procedure

1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. Stretch and blow up a small balloon several times.

3. Finally, blow up the balloon to a diameter of about 5 cm. Twist the neck and stretch the mouth of the balloon over the opening of an ovenproof flask.

gradually heat the flask. Record your observations in the Data and Observations section below.

5. Use tongs to remove the flask from the hot plate. Allow the flask to cool for 5 min. Record your observations.

6. Place the flask in a bowl of ice water. Record your observations.

4. Place the flask on a cold hot plate. Turn on the hot plate to low, and

Data and Observations

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Analyze and Conclude

Key Concept What is the effect of temperature changes on the volume of a gas?

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Content Practice A

LESSON 3

The Behavior of Gases

Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Some terms may be used more than once or not at all.

absolute zero energy straight line

collide increase temperature

curved line molecular volume

decrease pressure

1. The kinetic

theory explains how particles in matter behave.

2. Particles in matter creating pressure.

with the walls of their container,

3.

is the amount of force per unit area.

4. Changes in temperature, pressure, and than solids or liquids.

affect gases more

5. As gas is compressed, the spaces between the particles

.

6. The pressure-volume graph for a gas at a constant temperature is

a(n)

.

7. The temperature-volume graph for a gas at a constant pressure is

a(n)

.

8. The lowest possible temperature at which particles no longer move is

called

.

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Content Practice B

The Behavior of Gases

Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided.

1. Describe two ideas in the kinetic molecular theory.

Class

LESSON 3

2. For a gas at a constant temperature in a fixed container, how are pressure and volume related? What is this relationship called?

3. For a gas at constant pressure, how are temperature and volume related? What is this relationship called?

4. Describe a graph that can be used to illustrate Boyle's law.

5. Describe a graph that can be used to illustrate Charles's law.

6. How are Boyle's law and Charles's law alike? How are they different?

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