The future of food and agriculture: Trends and challenges

ISSN 2522-722X (online) ISSN 2522-7211 (print)

1

The future of food and

agriculture Trends

and challenges

The future of food and

agriculture Trends

and challenges

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2017

Citation: FAO. 2017. The future of food and agriculture ? Trends and challenges. Rome.

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ISBN 978-92-5-109551-5

? FAO, 2017

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Contents

Foreword

vi

Acknowledgements

viii

Abbreviations

ix

Executive summary

x

CAUSE FOR HOPE AND CONCERN

1

TRENDS

9

1 Population growth, urbanization and ageing

11

2 Global economic growth, investment, trade and food prices

17

3 Competition for natural resources

32

4 Climate change

39

5 Agricultural productivity and innovation

46

6 Transboundary pests and diseases

56

7 Conflicts, crises and natural disasters

62

8 Poverty, inequality and food insecurity

70

9 Nutrition and health

80

10 Structural change and employment

88

11 Migration and agriculture

98

12 Changing food systems

106

13 Food losses and waste

112

14 Governance for food and nutrition security

118

15 Development finance

123

CHALLENGES

133

1 Sustainably improving agricultural productivity

to meet increasing demand

136

2 Ensuring a sustainable natural resource base

136

3 Addressing climate change and intensification of natural hazards

137

4 Eradicating extreme poverty

and reducing inequality

138

5 Ending hunger and all forms of malnutrition

139

6 Making food systems more efficient, inclusive and resilient

140

7 Improving income earning opportunities in rural areas

and addressing the root causes of migration

141

8 Building resilience to protracted crises, disasters and conflicts

142

9 Preventing transboundary and emerging agriculture

and food system threats

142

10 Addressing the need for coherent and effective national

and international governance

143

ANNEX

International frameworks of relevance to FAO's work and mandates

145

REFERENCES

151

iii

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