The Study of Consciousness - Weebly



Unit 6: ConsciousnessThe Study of Consciousness William James questioned the value of studying consciousness because he could not think of a scientific way to ___________________ another person's consciousness. Even though we can see other people talking or moving around, we cannot actually measure their consciousness.John Watson(founder of behaviorism) also questioned whether consciousness could be studied _____________.Consciousness as a constructConsciousness can’t be_________________. Many psychologists believe it can be linked with measurable behaviors, such as talking and with brain waves. Intelligence and emotion are also ________________________. Meanings of consciousnessConsciousness means ______________________________ but there are different types of awareness. We use our senses as a way to be aware of our ____________. Our feelings and emotions let us be aware of ourselves. The older we get we start to recognize our existence and ourselves. Levels of consciousnessAwareness is more _________ at different levels of consciousness.The _____________________ is you being able to ________ something if you were asked about it even though you weren’t thinking about it before you were asked. The ______________________ seems to push some memories to the back of our head so we may get ____________ while we’re doing something else. The _______________________ is us knowing things are happening on our body but we are not aware when it is actually happening. Freud’s Levels of consciousness ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????According to _____________________, many ____________________________, __________________________, & __________________________ exist _______________________the level of conscious awareness.Altered states of consciousness ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????is when a person’s sense of self or sense of the world changes. When we are ????????????we are not ??????????of our surroundings. If you were to be under the influence of ??????????you would be in an ????????????state of consciousness.The Stages of SleepThere are 4 stages of sleep which are: ???????????waves ????????????waves ????????????waves ????????????waves Stage 1 is the lightest sleep. Our brain waves slow down and we see ???__________ images. The longer we sleep we start to gradually fall into a ??????????????sleep, which is stages 2, 3, and 4, and our brain waves get slower and slower. During these 4 stages our eyes do ??????????move which we call non-rapid-eye-movement(NREM).These are the typical EEG patterns for the stages of sleep. During rapid-eye-movement, or REM,sleep EEG patterns resemble those of stage 1 sleep.Sleep CycleThis is a typical sleep pattern. Most people go through the cycle____________ times in _______________ hours. As the night progresses, stages 3 and 4 become shorter, and REM sleep becomes ____________.Why do we sleep?When we are tired we tend to lose ?????????????????????????????????. Sleep helps us ????????????????????????????our tired body and build up resistance to infection. Sleep serves important psychological functions like helping us recover from ____________. Animals and people who are deprived of REM sleep learn more slowly than usual. They also ____________ more rapidly what they have learned.REM sleep may help brain __________________ for infants and _______________ brain cells for adults.DreamsDuring ________________ we have our most vivid dreams. We don’t remember every detail of our dreams because we can’t hold onto a piece a information from one _________________________ to another for so long. Sigmund Freud believed dreams are symbolic. He thought it gave them a way to cope with pain that they can’t deal with consciously. _______________ have a role in dreaming as well. Neurons burst in the part of the brain that controls movement and vision and they create dreams.Sleep problemsInsomniaThis is the _________________ of falling asleep. People with insomnia are most likely to worry and have racing minds at bedtime.Nightmares and Night TerrorsNightmares are products of _____________ sleep. People who are ______________ or depressed are more likely to have nightmares. Night terrors are more severe than, nightmares. Dreamers experiencing this gasp for air and feel their heart racing. Night terrors occur during _________________(stages 3 and 4). Night terrors may reflect immaturity of the nervous system.SleepwalkingSleep walkers roam about almost nightly during stages of deep sleep. They are able to respond to questions while sleepwalking, but when they wake up they typically don’t remember anything. Sleepwalking may reflect immaturity of the _____________________.Sleep ApneaThis is a breathing ___________________ that occurs during sleep. Sleep apnea can also lead to high blood pressure, heart attacks, and strokes. NarcolepsyThis is when suddenly fall asleep no matter what time it is or where you areMeditation: narrowing consciousness_________________ is a method for people to relax, calm down, or relieve stress. All methods of meditation focus on a peaceful _______________. Meditation is apart of some religions such as, Buddhism and Hinduism. Studies show that meditation can lower high blood pressure and help people relax.Biofeedback: Feeding Back Information___________________ is a system that provides information about something that is happening in the body. People have learned to control bodily functions through biofeedback training. Some use it to create __________________ to cope with tension.Hypnosis: Myths and RealitiesHypnosis came from the Greek word “hypnos” meaning________. Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness called a ___________________. Brain wave patterns in the hypnotic state are the same as shown in waking state.Is Hypnosis Effective?Under certain ____________________ and with careful application, hypnosis has been used to help people from feeling ______________To help someone quit a habit such as overeating or smoking, a therapist may use ____________________ _________________. Drugs_________________________ are chemicals that change the _________________ & _____________Many drugs are ______________________, meaning after a person builds up a __________________, they need the drug in order feel “normal”_____________________: compulsive drug craving & use despite ______________ consequences______________________: the diminishing effects with _____________use of the same dose of a drug requiring a user to take larger and larger doses to experience the drugs effect___________________: the discomfort & distress that follows the _____________________ of an addictive drugDepressantsDepressants are drugs that slow the activity of the ______________ system.They generally give people a sense of relaxation but can have many _______________ effects.Depressants include:AlcoholNarcoticsAddictive depressants that have been used to relieve pain and induce sleep.StimulantsStimulants increase the activity of the ___________________.They ____________ the heart and breathing rate.Stimulants include:NicotineNicotine spurs the release of the hormone ______________.AmphetaminesThis is known for helping people stay awake and for reducing appetite.CocaineThis produces feelings of pleasure, reduces hunger, deadens pain, and boosts self-confidence.HallucinogensHallucinogen is a drug that produces _______________.Hallucinogens may cause relaxation or feelings of pleasure. However, they can also cause feelings of panic.Hallucinogens include:MarijuanaMay produce feelings of relaxation and mild hallucinations.LSD May produce intense hallucinations. Users claim that it expands consciousness and “opens new worlds”.Treatments for Drug AbuseTreatment for drug abuse ________, depending on the drug abuse Forms of treatment include:DetoxificationThe ____________________of the harmful substance from the ____________, is a way of weaning addicts from the drug while restoring their healthMaintenance ProgramsParticipants in these _________________________ are given controlled or less __________________ amounts of the drug or some less addictive substitute.CounselingThis treatment can be conducted either _____________________ or in a _________________.Support GroupSupport groups usually consist of people who share common _______________________, _________________or ____________________________. Name the charts: ???????? ??? ??________________________ ?????????????????????? ? __________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ................
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