Prefix-Suffix-Root List by Grade Level
Prefix-Suffix-Root List by Grade Level
(Generally, prefixes and suffixes change the meanings of roots, but it is usually the suffix that denotes the part of speech.)
1st Grade Prefix
Suffix
Definition
Examples
Origin
2nd Grade Prefix
-s,-es -ing
plural, more than one action/ process
-ed
past tense
(Please review affixes from prior grade.)
Suffix
Definition
hats, pigs, boxes, wishes helping, skipping, running, seeing, thinking jumped, helped
Examples
Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxon
Origin
un-
not/ opposite
re-
again/ back
dis-er
-est
not/ opposite of person connected with/ comparative degree superlative degree
3rd Grade (Please review affixes from prior grades.)
Prefix
Suffix
Definition
unlock, unsafe reread, rewrite, return dislike, distrust teacher, writer, baker, bigger, colder, taller biggest, coldest, tallest
Examples
Anglo-Saxon Latin Latin Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxon
Origin
dis-
not/ opposite of
dislike, distrust
Latin
in-
not
inactive, insane,
Latin
1
Additional Information
Present participle of verb Past tense verb
Additional Information
Usually an adjective
Additional Information
4th Grade Prefix
-ful
full of
-less
without
-y
characterized by/ like
-ly
characteristic of
(Please review affixes from prior grades.)
Suffix
Definition
inexpensive beautiful, painful careless, helpless cloudy, fishy badly, friendly, quickly
Examples
Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon
Origin
under-
overnonprebitriquad-
oct-
-ion, ?ation ?sion, -tion
-ness -ly
-ment
-er, -or
too little/ below
too much/ above not before two three four
eight act of/ state of/ result of
underfed, underground overdone, overhead nonfat, nonsense preplan, pretest bicycle, binocular tricycle, triangle quadrilateral, quadrant octagon, octopus attention, vision, invitation
Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxon Latin Latin Latin Latin/ Greek Latin
Latin/ Greek Anglo-Saxon
condition/ state of characteristic of
one who/ that which
darkness, fairness badly, friendly, quickly act/ process
baker, boxer, conductor, survivor
Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon
enjoyment, replacement Latin
2
Usually an adjective
Usually an adverb
Additional Information
Noun (See 6th grade for explanation) Usually a noun Usually an adverb Latin Usually a noun Use ?or with Latin roots for nouns (inventor, elevator) Use ?er with Anglo-Saxon roots (heater, swimmer)
5th Grade (Please review affixes from prior grades.)
Prefix
Suffix Root
Definition Examples
Origin
semisupermultipolytelemisintermidsubdeca- deci-
kilomilli- mille-
half above/ on top of/ beyond many/ much many/ much distant/far
semicircle, semicolon superfine, superhuman, supersonic multicolor, multifamily polygon, polysyllable Television, telephone
Latin Latin
Latin Greek Greek
bad or badly/ wrong or wrongly between
middle
under, beneath, below/ secondary ten
1,000
1,000
misbehave, misread, misspell intercept, interview, interstate midnight, midweek subway, subsoil, substitute
decathlon, decade, decimal, decimeter kilogram, kilowatt millennium, millimeter
Latin Latin Anglo-Saxon Latin Latin/ Greek
Greek Latin
3
Additional Information
centi-
-able, -ible
-ian, -an -ship -ist -logy, -ology -ism -ence, -ance
-ess
100 can be done
centimeter, centipede enjoyable, sensible, likable
Latin Latin
one having a certain skill/ relating to/ belonging to condition of/ skill
one who does a specific action science of/ study of act/ belief/ practice of
electrician, magician, American, suburban championship, friendship, hardship, leadership artist, tourist
biology, chronology patriotism, idealism, absenteeism,
act/ condition of
persistence, excellence, assistance, importance
Latin
Anglo-Saxon
Latin/ Greek Greek Latin/ Greek
Latin
feminine
actress, lioness Latin/ Greek
4
-able ending words have roots that can stand alone. enjoyable -ible ending words have roots that can not stand alone. sensible Usually a noun
Usually a noun
Usually a noun
Usually a noun
Usually a noun -ence and ?ance sound alike because of the schwa. ?ence is used somewhat more often than ? ance. Usually a noun
max(i) meter, metr
photo
port phobia, phobic, phobe
rupt
great measure
light
to carry irrational fear or hatred/ one who fears/ hates break/ burst
maximum, maximize diameter, odometer, metric, perimeter photograph, telephoto, photocopy portable, transport aquaphobia, claustrophobic technophobe
bankrupt, rupture, disruptive
Latin Greek
Greek Latin Greek
Latin
scrib, script to write
describe, manuscript
Latin
gram, graph
dict ject
written/ drawn
to say/ tell to throw
autograph, paragraph, telegram diction, dictator inject, objection
Greek
Latin Latin
5
There are names for more than 500 phobias, most of which come from the field of medicine. FYI: Erupt means to explode. (The volcano erupted.) Irrupt means to rush or burst in. (The police irrupted into the hideout.) Verbs usually use scribe, as in prescribe; nouns usually use script, as in prescription.
6th Grade Prefix
spect, spec
to see/ watch/ observe
prospect, respect, specimen
(Please review affixes and roots from prior grades.)
Suffix Root
Definition Examples
Latin
Origin
en-, em-
foredetrans-
antidi-, dia-
exautoin- (il-, im-, ir-)
to cause to be/ to put into or onto/ to go into or onto before/ earlier
reduce down/ away from across/ change/ through
opposite/ against two/ through/ across
out of/ away from self
not
encounter, enable, employ, embark, encircle
forearm, foreword defeat, deform, decrease transformation, transportation, transfer antibiotic, antifreeze digraph, dialogue, diagonal extract, exhale, extend autograph, automatic inability, impatient, irregular, illegal
Latin
Anglo-Saxon Latin Latin
Greek Greek
Latin/ Greek Greek Latin
6
Additional Information
il- used before roots beginning with l illegible im- used before roots beginning with b, m, p immature, imbalance, impatient
in- (il-, im-, ir-) biomini-
microuni-
-en -dom
-ity -al, -ial
-ion, -ation ?sion, -tion
-ish
in/ on/ toward life small
infer, illustrate, improve, irrigate biography, biological miniature, minimum
Greek Latin
small/ minute
one/ single
made of/ to make condition of
state of/ quality of related to/ characterized by act of/ state of/ result of
microbiology, microscope unicorn, unicycle, uniform wooden, dampen, tighten boredom, freedom, kingdom prosperity, equality colonial, biennial, dental, betrayal tension, attention, elevation, union
Greek Latin
Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon
Latin Latin
Anglo-Saxon
relating to/
childish, foolish Anglo-Saxon
characteristic
7
ir- used before roots beginning with r irregular Same prefix usage is applied as above
From the Latin word miniature... Modern generations shortened miniature to mini-.
Usually a noun
Usually a noun
Usually an adjective
The real suffix is ?ion. Putting s or t in front of ?ion is simply determined by the spelling of the root. Usually a noun Usually an adjective
-ent, -ant -ent, -ant -hood
of an action/ condition
student, contestant, immigrant
causing a specific action
obedient, absorbent, abundant, elegant
the state/ the condition/ the quality
boyhood, likelihood
Latin Latin Anglo-Saxon
aqua
act
mit anni, annu, enni
arch
duct, duc geo
man
water
put in motion/ process of doing to send year
chief/ ruler
lead earth/ ground/ soil hand
aquarium, aquamarine action, react, transact
emit, transmit anniversary, semiannual, millennium archenemy, matriarch induce, conduct geography, geology manicure, manually
Latin Latin
Latin Latin
Greek Latin Greek Latin
8
Often a noun The suffix ?ant often indicates a person noun. Often an adjective -ent and ?ant sound alike because of the schwa. ?ent is used somewhat more often than ?ant. Usually a noun History of the suffix ?hood Old English: -had Middle English: -
hod Modern English:
-hood
Usually a noun
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