Properties of Matter Unit for 2nd Graders - Owl Corner



Properties of Matter Unit for 2nd Graders

I. Subject/Topic:

a. Properties of Matter. The unit contains 6 lessons that help students understand the properties of matter: The properties of matter, the forms of matter, solids, liquids, gases and a conclusion. Students will gain knowledge through explanation and exploration through activities. The unit is aimed towards second and third grade students and will take approximately a week and half.

II. Rationale/Purpose:

a. Students will identify the properties of matter. Students will also be able to identify the different types of matter in their environment. This is important to students to incorporate scientific terms and knowledge into their daily independent explorations. Students will also be able to understand that everything in their environment is a type of matter and possess specific properties. Students will be able to build on this basic knowledge to gain more understanding in science as they continue to learn.

III. Identification of Goals/Objectives

a. Students will have basic knowledge of the properties of matter and the three forms of matter. Students will be able to identify the differences of the three forms of matter. Students will be able to identify properties of matter.

Standards:

Science/Strand IV:Content Standard 1:

All students will measure and describe the things around us; explain what the world around us is made of; identify and describe forms of energy; and explain how electricity and magnetism interact with matter (Matter and Energy)

Science/Strand IV/Content Standard 1/Elementary: Benchmark 2

Identify properties of materials that make them useful.

Science/Strand IV/Content Standard 2/Elementary:Benchmark 1

Describe common physical changes in matter: size, shape, melting, freezing (K-2); dissolving, evaporating (3-5).

OBJECTIVES:

✓ Students will know that matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

✓ Students will show understanding that matter is anything you can touch.

✓ Students will be able to describe objects without seeing them.

✓ Students will use problem solving to decide what objects are.

✓ Students will have an understanding that mass is anything that has mass and takes up space.

✓ Students will know that mass is the weight of an object.

✓ Students will be able to use predicting skills to decide what object is heavier.

✓ Students will be able to use a simple scale to measure the mass of different objects

✓ Students will be able to describe, in detail the characteristics of different kinds of matter

✓ Students will be able to identify and classify solids and liquids by making observations.

✓ Students will be able to identify what a gas is.

✓ Students will observe that gas takes up space.

✓ Students will be able to identify properties of solids.

✓ Students will be able to identify properties of liquids.

✓ Students will be able to identify properties of gases.

✓ Students will be able to create artwork using the three types of matter.

✓ Students will be able to differentiate between the three types of matter.

IV. Unit Map/Plan

a. Day 1: Introduction to Matter – What are the properties of matter?

i. Activity – students will identify characteristics of matter on a worksheet by touching the matter without seeing it, then checking the appropriate boxes on the worksheet and making an educated guess about what the matter was.

b. Day 2: Matter has Mass

i. Activity– students will weigh different types of matter and understand that different types of matter have different types of masses.

c. Day 3: Physical Properties of Matter

i. Activity: students will go to stations and, using one of their senses, identify types of matter based on their properties.

d. Day 4: Solids & Liquids

i. Activity: students will observe solids and liquids in their environment and will write down their findings.

e. Day 5: Review of Solids and Liquids – Introduction to Gases:

i. Activity: Students will watch the demonstration by the teacher using two balloons, one with air and one with helium. Students will then participate in stations that help them to understand that gas takes up space and therefore is matter.

f. Day 6: Conclusion

i. Students will review the properties of matter and the three forms of matter. Students will make paintings using the three types of matter. Students will identify properties and forms of matter by looking at pictures.

V. Instructional strategies and materials

DAY 1:

Objectives:

✓ Students will know that matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

✓ Students will show understanding that matter is anything you can touch.

✓ Students will be able to describe objects without seeing them.

✓ Students will use problem solving to decide what objects are.

Materials:

Brown paper bags

play doh,

balloon,

wood,

rock,

stuffed bunny

cotton balls

Engage:

o Students will come into the classroom and sit down

o What is matter?

o Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

o Give examples of matter

o Today we are going to talk about one way we can observe matter.

o We observe matter with our senses. Today we are going to use touch.

o Describe object in the bag.

o Soft

o Furry

o Legs and arms

o Short tail

o Long ears

Explore

o We have 5 stations. We are going to split into 5 groups. (Hand out sheets)

o Each group has 3 minutes at each station

o Reach inside the bag, but DO NOT LOOK inside of it.

o Once you have felt the object inside the bag describe it on your handout.

o If your group is done before the 3 minutes is up, wait to go on to the next station

Explain

o After everyone has had a chance at all 5 stations, students will go back to their seats

o Take each bag to the front of the room

o Start with bag #1. Ask the students to tell you what they marked on their sheet

o Ask different students to answer

o Have a student guess what the object in the bag is.

o When done, ask students if they remember what matter is and describe how we observed matter in class today.

DAY 2:

Objectives:

✓ Students will have an understanding that mass is anything that has mass and takes up space.

✓ Students will know that mass is the weight of an object.

✓ Students will be able to use predicting skills to decide what object is heavier.

✓ Students will be able to use a simple scale to measure the mass of different objects

Engage:

o Students will come into the classroom and take their seats

o Have a scale at the front of the classroom.

o Have object that can be weighed and that their weight can be compared to each other.

o Review: What is matter?

o Matter has mass.

o Today we are going to measure the mass of matter.

o Give examples of matter that are heavy. Small.

Explore:

o Have a scale for each group of 2-3 students.

o Have different things that they can weigh:

o Rocks

o Cotton balls

o Paper Clips

o Blocks

o Pennies, Nickels, dimes, etc.

o Different weighted objects

o Have student come up with a list of the object from heavies to lightest.

o Have students make equivalents problems with their objects.

o Ex: 10 Paper clips = 3 Rocks

Explain:

o After each group has come up with their lists of objects and equivalent problems have them come back together.

o Have students share their results with the class.

o Have students share different equivalents they came up with.

o Review mass and matter

Elaborate:

o Have students find something at home, around town, or in nature that they think will be the heaviest of all the objects.

o Have them bring their lists into class and see who has found the object with the most mass.

DAY 3

Objectives: Describe, in detail the characteristics of different kinds of matter

Materials:

25 clear plastic cups

Rocks

Water (food colored)

Juice (clear juice, if possible)

Smelly lotion

Pretzels

Wax paper

Tissue paper

Bar of soap

Marker on whiteboard

Koosh ball or some equivalent

Play-doh/clay

Blindfolds/bandanas

Set-Up:

Station 1: I see - a koosh ball on one end of the table, and a rock on the other

(no touching allowed at this table!!)

Station 2: I hear – tissue paper being crinkled at one end of the table, and a marker on a white board on the other end of the table.

(Blindfolded! Administrator will be crinkling and writing)

Station 3: I smell – lotion in a small cup on one end of the table, and a bar of soap at the other end.

(Blindfolded!)

Station 4: I taste – pretzels on one end of the table, juice on the other end

(Blindfolded! Food to be administered by adults!)

Station 5: I touch – wax paper on one end of the table, play dough on the other

Blindfolded!)

Example of station set-up:

Engage:

Ask: “What are our five senses?” (see, hear, touch, smell, taste)

“What are some ways that we use touch every day?” (to see if something is hot or cold)

“What are some ways we use see every day?” (to see our way around)

“What are some ways we use hear every day?” (to listen to music)

“What are some ways we use smell every day?” (to smell food)

“What are some ways we use taste every day?” (to eat)

“Who can give me an example of their favorite touch?” “Least favorite touch?”

“What’s someone’s favorite taste?” “Least favorite?”

“What is someone’s favorite smell?”

“What is someone’s least favorite sound?”

Explain:

The three different states of matter are found in every thing on earth. Sometimes describing these states can be difficult because you have to be very specific. For example, if you were blind and wanted to know what kind of artwork was in front of you, you would want your friend to describe everything about it so you could get a good picture of it in your mind. You would want your friend to use their five senses (what are they again?) and describe everything they possibly could about that artwork.

Right now you get to do some describing using all five of your senses.

You will be blindfolded for all of the stations that you will go to except one. For each station, there will be an adult there to perform the experiment with you. At each station, line up on the X on the floor at ONE of the two spots, and wait until you are instructed by your administrator to move to the circle at the end of the table. You will take your worksheet with you and try to describe every detail of the object that is at each station, using only the sense it says you can, at the writing station, after you have explored the object. Remember, be very detailed!!! You will have 3 minutes at every station, 2 minutes to use your sense to explore the object, and 1 minute to write everything down you remember at the writing station… even if you are not finished describing; you have to move on so you can get to all of the stations!

Worksheet on recognizing:

I see (eyes): koosh ball (or some equivalent), rock

I hear (ears): tissue paper, marker on white board,

I smell (nose): smelly lotion, soap

I taste (tongue): pretzel, juice

I touch (skin): wax paper, play-doh/clay

Activity Station Guidelines (For administers)

Students are allowed 2 minutes at each station (only one of the two sub-stations!) and one minute to go to the writing table and write their observations. Please do not probe the students – you are there to administer and observe!

*Note: There will be blindfolds at stations 2-5. The children will be directed to line up at the side of the table, where you will blindfold them and direct them to the end of the table, where the object will be. Please be cautious in not letting the students see the objects!

Here is an example of a station set up:

Station 1

I see - a koosh ball on one end of the table, and a rock on the other

Rules: NO: Touching, Smelling, Tasting

Station 2

I hear – tissue paper being crinkled at one end of the table, and a marker on a white board on the other end of the table.

Rules: NO: LOOKING! (Blindfold the student before they have a chance to see what is there!), touching, smelling, tasting

Station 3

I smell – lotion in a small cup on one end of the table, and a bar of soap at the other end.

Rules: NO: LOOKING! (Blindfold the student before they have a chance to see what is there!), touching, listening, tasting

Station 4

I taste – pretzels on one end of the table, juice on the other end

Rules: NO: LOOKING! (Blindfold the student before they have a chance to see what is there!), touching, listening, smelling

~You will put the pretzel on the students’ tongue and they will eat it.

~You will put the cup in the students’ hand – make sure they don’t try to smell it or touch inside the cup!

Station 5

I touch – wax paper on one end of the table, play dough on the other

Rules: NO: LOOKING! (Blindfold the student before they have a chance to see what is there!),tasting, listening, smelling

DAY 4:

Solids and Liquids

Objectives: SWBAT identify and classify solids and liquids by making observations.

Materials:

Rocks (enough for each student)

A mixing bowl ¾ full of water

Engage/Explore: Pass out a pebble or rock to each student, allowing them touch it, smell it, etc. Have them guess whether it is a solid, liquid or gas. Next allow the students to come to the front of the class and explore a bowl of water. They will be allowed to touch the water, but only with one finger – to avoid a mess. They will now guess whether the water is a solid, liquid or gas.

Once they have come to their conclusions discuss the reasoning they used to come to their conclusion, jotting some down on the board.

Explain: Explain to the students the concepts of solids or liquids. Solids are usually structured objects, while liquids are free flowing.

Explore: Next allow the students to take a field trip of the classroom, building or outside on a nice day, to find different examples of solids and liquids. They will make a list of the things they find, under the labels of solid and liquid.

Evaluation: Will take place mostly during the activity, by recording the observations of the students. At the end of the lesson, the papers with the students’ findings from the field trip will be collected.

Day 5: Gases

Objectives:

Students will be able to identify what a gas is.

Students will observe that gas takes up space.

Materials:

Measuring tapes

Balloon full of air

Balloon full of helium

Several balloons

Bottles

Bandanas

Large bowls of water

ENGAGE: Have students take a deep breath in and then let it out. Do it again. Ask students what they are doing. What is filling their lungs? What is taking up space? Does matter take up space? So is air matter? It is! This type of matter is called a gas. We usually can’t see gases but they are there! There are more kinds of gases besides just air. Lead into the balloon demonstration.

EXPLAIN: Take out a balloon filled with air and an identical balloon filled with hydrogen. Have the students discuss as a class what they think will happen when I let go of the balloons. Why might that happen? Talk more in depth about what gas is. (Gas is NOT just air, it could be steam or in this case, helium. It takes up space and it has weight to it)

EXPLORE: Students will conduct a series of experiments using gas.

Station 1: the students will measure the size of their chests after they have exhaled. Then they will measure again when they have inhaled.

Station 2: Students will roll a bandana in a ball and put it in water.

Station 3: students will try to blow up a balloon into a bottle.

EVALUATE: Students will be given an oral evaluation in response to their observations.

Day 6: Review of matter, and states of matter

Objectives:

SWBAT identify the properties of solids

SWBAT identify the properties of liquids

SWBAT identify the properties of gases

SWBAT create artwork using the three states of matter

SWBAT differentiate between the three types of matter.

MATERIALS:

stars

Balloon full of Air

Balloon full of helium

White Paper

Watercolors

Paintbrushes

Cups of water

Paper towels

Pictures of different types of Matter

oobleck

ENGAGE:

Ask the students what matter is. Walk through the class. Give each student a decorative gem. This represents a solid. Discuss the properties of a solid. Walk through the class with a cup of water and sprinkle water on each of the students. This represents a liquid. Discuss the properties of liquid. Then take a balloon that you have blown up with air and walk around the room, spraying air at students. This represents gas.

EXPLAIN:

Teacher Talk: We have learned that matter: 1: takes up space, and 2: has mass (or weighs something). We have learned that that matter can come in many different ways: they can have different tastes, different smells, they can feel different when you touch them. There is another way that matter can look different. Matter can come in 3 different ways: solids, (what is an example of a solid?) and what makes it a solid? Liquids (what are some examples of liquids) What makes it a liquid? And Gases, (what are some examples of gases?) What makes it a gas? (use the balloon analogy from last class to review the concept with the class, since gases is the hardest state to understand.)

ELABORATE: Have the students make a water color painting using the three types of matter. Materials include water colors, paint brushes, water and straws. The students will get the water colors very wet. Then use the straws to blow on the paint brush or to paint and then blow the paint around on the paper. As students begin to finish their paintings (not all students will finish at the same time) give them oobleck and have them think about what state of matter it might be in.

EVALUATE: When the students have completed their activity, use the power point to have students identify different types of matter. Have them raise their hands.

INTERNET CONNECTION:

Lubenko, Luba. Model Unit Properties of Matter for Grade 3. 5, Oct. 2004. Teaching Materials from the Stewart Resources Center.

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