M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii, Chapter 3, Section F ...



Section F. Remarriage of a Surviving Spouse

Overview

|In this Section |This section contains the following topics: |

|Topic |Topic Name |See Page |

|23 |General Information on the Effect of a Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage |3-F-2 |

|24 |Conduct Warranting the Inference of the Remarriage of a Surviving Spouse |3-F-8 |

|25 |Suspending and Terminating Payments to a Surviving Spouse After |3-F-14 |

| |Remarriage When No Children Are Involved | |

|26 |Processing Payments to Children After the Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage |3-F-16 |

|27 |Handling Improved Pension and DIC Cases Following the Remarriage of a |3-F-19 |

| |Surviving Spouse | |

|28 |Handling Section 306 and Old Law Pension Cases Following the Remarriage |3-F-23 |

| |of a Surviving Spouse | |

|29 |Action on Children’s Awards Following the Remarriage of a Surviving |3-F-24 |

| |Spouse | |

|30 |Effect of the Termination of a Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage |3-F-27 |

|31 |Termination of Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage: Remarriage Alleged to Be |3-F-30 |

| |Void | |

|32 |Termination of Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage: Remarriage Annulled |3-F-31 |

|33 |Reinstatement of DIC Eligibility After Termination of Remarriage |3-F-33 |

|34 |Resinstatement/Continuation of DIC Eligibility Based on Remarriage or |3-F-38 |

| |After Age 57 | |

23. General Information on the Effect of a Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage

|Introduction |This topic contains information on the effect of a surviving spouse’s remarriage on eligibility to receive |

| |Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) benefits. It includes information on |

| | |

| |the provisions of 38 CFR 3.50 as they apply to a surviving spouse |

| |acceptable evidence of remarriage |

| |when to develop for the surviving spouse’s new name |

| |terminating benefits and processing a name change |

| |the effect of court judgments on marital relationship issues |

| |eligibility for benefits under Public Law (PL) 107-330 after remarriage |

| |eligibility for benefits under PL 108-183 after remarriage, and |

| |handling requests for restoration or continuation of benefits under PL 108-183. |

|Change Date |November 16, 2006 |

|a. Provisions of 38 CFR |Under 38 CFR 3.50, in order to qualify as a surviving spouse for Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) purposes, a |

|3.50 As They Apply to a |person must be unmarried. Therefore, a surviving spouse who remarries is no longer eligible to receive VA |

|Surviving Spouse |benefits. |

| | |

| |Exceptions: |

| |If a surviving spouse remarries after age 55, he/she may retain eligibility for certain VA benefits under Public |

| |Law (PL) 107-330. |

| |If a surviving spouse remarries after age 57, he/she may retain eligibility for certain VA benefits under PL |

| |108-183. |

| | |

| |References: For more information on |

| |eligibility for VA benefits under PL 107-330 and PL 108-183 after remarriage, see M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii, |

| |3.F.23.f and g. |

| |the effective dates for discontinuing payments when the surviving spouse remarries, see 38 CFR 3.500(n), and |

| |award procedures when the surviving spouse remarries, see M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii, 3.F.25 through 34. |

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23. General Information on the Effect of a Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage, Continued

|b. Acceptable Evidence |Under 38 CFR 3.213(a)(2), to establish the fact and date of remarriage, accept a surviving spouse beneficiary’s |

|of Remarriage |statement as proof of remarriage if it furnishes, at a minimum |

| | |

| |the month and year of a remarriage, and |

| |the present name, if the surviving spouse is a widow. |

| | |

| |Note: Formal proof is not required in the absence of contradictory information in the claims folder. |

| | |

| |References: For more information on |

| |proof of marriage, see 38 CFR 3.205 |

| |handling contradictory proof of marriage, see 38 CFR 3.213(c) |

| |inferring remarriage, see M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii, 3.F.24, and |

| |developing for remarriage, see M21-1MR, Part III, Subpart iii, 5.B. |

|c. When to Develop for |If the surviving spouse’s new name is not available, develop for it only if |

|the Surviving Spouse’s | |

|New Name |the surviving spouse has custody of the veteran's child(ren) |

| |the surviving spouse remains eligible for VA benefits, and/or |

| |an overpayment is involved. |

| | |

| |Reference: For more information on the action to take when a name change is required, see M21-1MR, Part IV, |

| |Subpart iii, 3.F.23.d. |

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23. General Information on the Effect of a Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage, Continued

|d. Terminating Benefits |Follow the steps in the table below if you are terminating benefits and a name change is required. |

|and Processing a Name | |

|Change | |

|Step |Action |

|1 |Generate and print (GAP) a STOP transaction from the 406 screen, but do not authorize the STOP |

| |transaction. (See M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii, 3.F.25.c) |

|2 |While the STOP transaction is pending, prepare and authorize a change of name (CNAM) transaction |

| |to effect the changes in the pending issue file (PIF) and master record for the |

| | |

| |person entitled, and |

| |address segments. |

|3 |Authorize the STOP transaction the day after authorizing the CNAM transaction. |

|Notes: |

|If a surviving spouse remarries and is no longer eligible for VA benefits, discontinue payments effective the |

|first of the month during which the marriage occurred. |

|Because of the order of processing, the CNAM transaction processes first, updating the address segment as well as |

|changing the stub name of the person entitled, both in the master record and the PIF (end product (EP) 130) for |

|the STOP transaction pending authorization. |

|Follow check-intercept procedures as outlined in M21-1, Part V, Chapter 12, if applicable. |

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23. General Information on the Effect of a Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage, Continued

|e. Effect of Court |In death cases, a marital relationship may be established by a Federal court judgment in a suit in which the U.S. |

|Judgments on Marital |was a party. |

|Relationship Issues | |

| |Follow the steps in the table below to determine entitlement of VA benefits when a court decision is made as to |

| |whether a surviving spouse has remarried. |

| | |

| |Reference: For more information on the effect of Federal court decisions, see 38 CFR 3.214. |

|Step |Action |

|1 |Follow the court’s decision as to whether a surviving spouse has remarried when determining |

| |entitlement to VA benefits, even though the court determination may relate to other benefits such |

| |as Social Security (SS) and Federal Employees’ Compensation. |

| | |

| |Note: It is immaterial whether the court’s decision is made after a trial at which evidence is |

| |presented, or if the parties come to an agreement without trial, and the agreement is then adopted|

| |by the court and entered as the court’s judgment. |

|2 |Determine whether death benefits should be paid, even if a court decides that a surviving spouse |

| |is not remarried. |

| | |

| |Example: A surviving spouse may nevertheless be barred under 38 CFR 3.50(b)(2) from payment of |

| |death pension, compensation, or Dependency and Indemnity Compensation (DIC) by reason of having |

| |lived as the spouse of another (inferred marriage). |

| | |

| |Reference: For more information on inferred marriage, see M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii, 3.F.24. |

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23. General Information on the Effect of a Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage, Continued

|f. Eligibility for |Under PL 107-330, which was effective February 4, 2003, a surviving spouse who remarries after age 55 retains VA |

|Benefits Under PL 107-330|Civilian Health and Medical Program (CHAMPVA) eligibility. |

|After Remarriage | |

| |Note: PL 107-330 is an exception to the requirement that a surviving spouse must remain unmarried in order to |

| |retain eligibility for VA benefits. |

| | |

| |Reference: For more information on CHAMPVA eligibility, see M21-1MR, Part IX, Subpart i, 4.2. |

|g. Eligibility for |Under PL 108-183, which was effective January 1, 2004, a surviving spouse who remarries after age 57 retains |

|Benefits under PL 108-183|eligibility for |

|After Remarriage | |

| |DIC |

| |VA home loans, and |

| |VA educational benefits. |

| | |

| |Note: PL 108-183 is an exception to the requirement that a surviving spouse must remain unmarried in order to |

| |retain eligibility to VA benefits. |

|h. Handling Requests for|A claim for restoration of benefits terminated due to remarriage on or after age 57 must be submitted in writing. |

|Restoration of Benefits | |

|Under PL 108-183 | |

| |Upon receipt of the request for restoration, follow the steps listed in M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii, 3.F.23.b. |

| | |

| |Notes: |

| |A surviving spouse had until December 16, 2004, to apply for reinstatement of benefits, if he/she remarried |

| |after age 57, and |

| |prior to December 16, 2003, which was the effective date of the enactment of PL 108-183. |

| |Benefits restored under PL 108-183 may not be paid for any period prior to January 1, 2004. |

| | |

| |Reference: For information on resuming benefits under PL 108-183, see M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii, 3.F.34. |

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23. General Information on the Effect of a Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage, Continued

|i. Handling Requests for|If a surviving spouse notifies VA of his/her remarriage on or after age 57, take the steps described in the table |

|Continuation of Benefits |below. |

|Under PL 108-183 | |

|Step |Action |

|1 |Send the survivor VA Form 21-686c, Declaration of Status of Dependents to complete. |

|2 |Ask the survivor whether his/her current spouse is a veteran (block 10 on VA Form 21-686c). |

|3 |If the current spouse is a veteran, |

| | |

| |ask the survivor to |

| |provide the spouse’s social security number or VA claim number (block 11 on VA Form 21-686c), and |

| |indicate whether the current spouse is receiving VA benefits, and |

| |cross-reference the survivor’s and current spouse’s claims folders, if necessary. |

|Note: Awards for remarried spouses under PL 108-183 should be identified by input of special law code 27. |

24. Conduct Warranting the Inference of the Remarriage of a Surviving Spouse

|Introduction |This topic contains information on conduct warranting an inference of a surviving spouse’s remarriage. It |

| |includes information on |

| | |

| |the effect of the requirements in 38 CFR 3.50 |

| |the community’s perspective of a claimant’s marital status |

| |the circumstances under which a remarriage may be inferred |

| |holding out requirement |

| |conduct terminated before entitlement date |

| |lifting of restrictions for DIC claims filed on or after October 1, 1998 |

| |developing for inference of remarriage |

| |what may disprove an inference of marriage |

| |the preparation of administrative decisions when the inference of remarriage is at issue, and |

| |award adjustment. |

|Change Date |April 13, 2009 |

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24. Conduct Warranting the Inference of the Remarriage of a Surviving Spouse, Continued

|a. Effect of |38 CFR 3.50(b)(2) states that the claimant must be unmarried to receive death benefits as the surviving spouse of |

|Requirements in 38 CFR |a deceased veteran. |

|3.50 | |

| |38 CFR 3.50 imposes the additional requirement that the claimant not be living with a person of the opposite sex |

| |and holding himself/herself out publicly as the spouse of that person. |

| | |

| |If the claimant is living with a person of the opposite sex and is holding himself/herself out as the spouse of |

| |that person, there is held to be an inference of remarriage. Payment of death benefits is then barred under 38 |

| |CFR 3.50(b). |

| | |

| |Exceptions: |

| |If the claimant remarries after age 55, he/she may retain eligibility for certain VA benefits under PL 107-330. |

| |If a surviving spouse remarries on or after age 57, he/she may retain eligibility for certain VA benefits under PL|

| |108-183. |

| | |

| |Reference: For more information on |

| |eligibility for VA benefits under PL 107-330 and PL 108-183 after remarriage, see M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii, |

| |3.F.23.f and g, and |

| |DIC cases in which termination of remarriage occurred after September 30, 1998, see M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii,|

| |3.F.33. |

|b. Community’s |It is not necessary to establish that the claimant and his/her significant other were known generally throughout |

|Perspective of Claimant’s|the community as husband and wife in order to invoke an inference of remarriage under 38 CFR 3.50(b). |

|Marital Status | |

| |It is sufficient to establish there was a single instance when the claimant and his/her significant other held |

| |themselves out as husband and wife. |

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24. Conduct Warranting the Inference of the Remarriage of a Surviving Spouse, Continued

|c. Circumstances Under |The table below describes circumstances under which a remarriage may be inferred and rulings on each circumstance.|

|Which Remarriage May Be | |

|Inferred | |

|Circumstances |Decisions |

|States recognizing common law marriages|In most cases, conduct that would warrant an inference of remarriage |

| |under 38 CFR 3.50(b) is suffice to establish a common law marriage under|

| |State law. |

| | |

| |Reference: For information on common law marriages, see M21-1MR, Part |

| |III, Subpart iii, 5.C. |

|States not recognizing common law |38 CFR 3.50(b) requires VA to deny benefits to a surviving spouse in |

|marriages |States where the claimant is living as the spouse of another person but |

| |is not legally married because the State does not recognize common law |

| |marriages. |

|Existence of impediment to marriage |It is possible to infer remarriage for VA purposes even though a legal |

| |marriage (common law or otherwise) might be impossible because of the |

| |existence of an impediment to marriage. |

| | |

| |Example: A claimant might be living with a married person and holding |

| |himself/herself out as the spouse of that person. Although a legal |

| |marriage may not be established under these circumstances because the |

| |other party is already married, benefits would still be barred under 38 |

| |CFR 3.50(b). |

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24. Conduct Warranting the Inference of the Remarriage of a Surviving Spouse, Continued

|d. Holding Out |Before benefits can be denied based on an inference of remarriage, it must be established that |

|Requirement | |

| |the claimant lived with another person, and |

| |held himself/herself out openly to the public as the spouse of the other person. |

| | |

| |Note: Where there is no attempt to hold himself/herself out as husband and wife, entitlement to benefits is not |

| |effected. |

| | |

| |Example: The claimant and a person of the opposite sex and live together openly. They have made no |

| |representations to the effect that they are married. The claimant’s entitlement to benefits is not effected. |

|e. Conduct Terminated |Conduct warranting an inference of remarriage does not constitute a bar to benefits if the conduct terminated |

|Before Entitlement Date |before the date of entitlement to VA benefits. Unless, the conduct warranted the establishment of a common law |

| |marriage, VA benefits cannot be paid until the marriage is dissolved. |

| | |

| |Reference: For information on common law marriages, see M21-1MR, Part III, Subpart iii, 5.C. |

|f. Lifting of |The Veterans Benefits Act of 1998 (PL 105-78) provides that effective October 1, 1998, the bar to granting DIC |

|Restrictions for DIC |benefits to remarried surviving spouses does not apply if the surviving spouse ceases |

|Claims Filed on or After | |

|October 1, 1998 |living with another person, and |

| |holding himself/herself out openly to the public as that person’s spouse. |

| | |

| |Notes: |

| |Resumption of benefits can only be made from October 1, 1998, even if cessation of the relationship occurred prior|

| |to this date. |

| |The provisions of 38 CFR 3.114(a) and 38 CFR 3.31 apply to the commencement of the period of payment. |

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24. Conduct Warranting the Inference of the Remarriage of a Surviving Spouse, Continued

|g. Developing for |Follow the steps in the table below to develop for the inference of remarriage when specific information is |

|Inference of Remarriage |received from a reliable source that a claimant’s conduct provides a reasonable basis for an inference of |

| |marriage. |

|Step |Action |

|1 |Advise the claimant of the |

| | |

| |nature of the information received |

| |effect of a finding that an inferred marital relationship exists, and |

| |his/her right to |

| |furnish evidence |

| |have a personal hearing, and |

| |be represented. |

| | |

| |Note: The claimant is entitled to know the name of the source of the information. However, do |

| |not volunteer the name of the source of the information. |

|2 |Concurrently, prepare a request for a field examination to |

| | |

| |obtain the claimant’s statement about the alleged marital relationship, and |

| |secure any other evidence that may be necessary for a determination as to whether or not |

| |entitlement is barred by an inference of remarriage. |

| | |

| |Reference: For information on field examinations, see M21-1MR, Part III, Subpart vi, 8.8. |

|3 |Ask the field examiner to determine a specific date from which any inferred marital relationship |

| |commenced. |

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24. Conduct Warranting the Inference of the Remarriage of a Surviving Spouse, Continued

|h. Information That May |Infer the marriage unless the claimant establishes by a preponderance of the evidence that he/she is |

|Disprove Inference of | |

|Marriage |not living with a person of the opposite sex, or |

| |living with a person of the opposite sex but they are not holding themselves out publicly as husband and wife. |

| | |

| |Note: The burden of proof shifts to the claimant once credible evidence has been submitted that the claimant has |

| |engaged in conduct warranting an inference of remarriage. |

|i. Preparation of |If it is determined that a surviving spouse has engaged in conduct warranting an inference of remarriage, prepare |

|Administrative Decisions |a two-signature decision using the format in M21-1MR, Part III, Subpart v, 1.A.2. |

|When the Inference of | |

|Remarriage Is at Issue |The Veterans Service Center Manager (VSCM) may delegate authority to approve the decision to supervisors not lower|

| |than coaches/section chiefs. |

|j. Award Adjustment |If the surviving spouse is in receipt of death pension or DIC, terminate the award under reason code 15 effective |

| |the first day of the month in which the relationship began. |

| | |

| |Reference: For more information on award adjustments, see 38 CFR 3.500(n)(3). |

25. Suspending and Terminating Payments to a Surviving Spouse After Remarriage When No Children Are Involved

|Introduction |This topic contains information on suspending and terminating payments to a surviving spouse after remarriage when|

| |no children are involved. It includes information on |

| | |

| |when to suspend benefits |

| |how to suspend benefits |

| |how to terminate benefits, and |

| |notifying the surviving spouse. |

|Change Date |December 13, 2005 |

|a. When to Suspend |Per 38 CFR 3.213(b), suspend an award to a surviving spouse if information is not of record regarding the |

|Benefits | |

| |month and year of the remarriage, and/or |

| |remarried name in the types of cases described in M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii, 3.F.23.c. |

|b. How to Suspend |Suspend benefits effective date last paid (DLP) using |

|Benefits | |

| |a SUSP transaction, and |

| |reason code 15, Surviving Spouse Remarried |

| | |

| |Request any needed information regarding the remarriage. Do not establish control for return of the requested |

| |information. |

| | |

| |Notes: |

| |In the absence of a reply at the end of a six-month suspense period, the surviving spouse’s award is automatically|

| |terminated as of the date of last payment. VA Form 20-6560, Notice of Benefit Transaction message code 616 will |

| |generate at the time of termination per M21-1, Part V, Chapter 19. |

| |Application of due process procedures may be required before suspension of payments per M21-1MR, Part I, 2.A. |

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25. Suspending and Terminating Payments to a Surviving Spouse After Remarriage When No Children Are Involved, Continued

|c. How to Terminate |Use a STOP transaction to terminate benefits effective the first day of the month of the remarriage using reason |

|Benefits |code 15 per 38 CFR 3.500(n)(1). |

|d. Notifying the |When a surviving spouse’s award is terminated, send notice of the change to the surviving spouse whether or not an|

|Surviving Spouse |adjustment is made under 38 CFR 3.657(b)(2). |

| | |

| |Reference: See M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii, 3.F.23.d when name change is involved. |

26. Processing Payments to Children After the Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage

|Introduction |This topic contains information on processing payments to children after the surviving spouse’s remarriage. It |

| |includes information on |

| | |

| |developing for a child’s entitlement |

| |determining each child’s entitlement |

| |handling apportioned awards |

| |requesting information in pension or DIC cases |

| |determining children’s entitlement in Old Law or Section 306 Pension cases |

| |determining continued entitlement to an apportionment, and |

| |determining entitlement in DIC cases. |

|Change Date |April 13, 2009 |

|a. Developing for a |If there are children entitled to benefits or increased benefits in their own right due to remarriage of a |

|Child’s Entitlement |surviving spouse, and complete information on the surviving spouse’s remarriage is not of record, |

| | |

| |suspend benefits effective DLP using |

| |a SUSP transaction |

| |reason code 15, Surviving Spouse remarriage |

| |establish a 60-day control, and |

| |request necessary information concerning |

| |the remarriage |

| |income for any children in custody in pension cases, and/or |

| |the whereabouts of the surviving spouse from persons having custody of the children. |

| | |

| |Reference: For more information on the effect of a spouse’s remarriage, see |

| |M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii, 3.F.23. |

|b. Determining Each |Under 38 CFR 3.152(c)(4), a claim is not required for any child |

|Child’s Entitlement | |

| |for whom payments are being made under a separate award (including an award in suspense), or |

| |who was included in the surviving spouse’s claim. |

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26. Processing Payments to Children After the Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage, Continued

|c. Handling Apportioned |When suspending payments to the surviving spouse |

|Awards | |

| |do not change |

| |apportioned pension and death compensation awards to any children |

| |separate Improved Pension awards to children out of custody, or |

| |DIC awards to children over age 18, and |

| |do not automatically suspend the awards for children out of custody, or over 18 in school; these children are |

| |getting benefits in their own right. |

| | |

| |Reference: For more information on requesting information in pension or DIC cases, see M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart |

| |iii, 3.F.26.d. |

|d. Requesting |Request the following information to be submitted within 60 days: |

|Information in Pension or| |

|DIC Cases |in pension cases, request an income statement if current income information is not of record |

| |in DIC cases, request a claim on VA Form 21-534, Application for Dependency and Indemnity Compensation, Death |

| |Pension and Accrued Benefits by a Surviving Spouse or Child (Including Death Compensation if Applicable) when |

| |required under 38 CFR 3.152(c). |

| | |

| |If the information is not submitted within 60 days, suspend payments DLP. |

| | |

| |If the information is submitted within one year of request, take action, if otherwise in order and subject to |

| |action as described in M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii, 3.F.26 and 27, to authorize the full rates payable to |

| |children. |

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26. Processing Payments to Children After the Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage, Continued

|e. Determining |In Old Law and Section 306 Pension cases, the entitlement of children in custody is limited to Improved Pension. |

|Children’s Entitlement in| |

|Old Law or Section 306 |References: For more information on Section 306 and Old Law Pension, see M21-1MR, Part V, Subpart iii, 1.C. |

|Cases | |

|f. Determining Continued|Termination of a surviving spouse’s entitlement to Old Law or Section 306 Pension does not deprive a child, who is|

|Entitlement to an |not in the surviving spouse’s custody, of continued entitlement at the same rate of payment he/she was receiving |

|Apportionment |as an apportionment. |

| | |

| |An award of Improved Pension may be more advantageous to the child, and he/she has the right to elect this benefit|

| |over Old Law or Section 306 Pension. |

| | |

| |If paying the protected apportioned rate, |

| | |

| |use |

| |special law (SL) code 10, and |

| |the Old Law or Section 306 Pension entitlement code, and |

| |submit a copy of the award to the Compensation and Pension Service (212A). |

|g. Determining |In DIC cases, when the child’s entitlement arises because the surviving spouse’s entitlement has been terminated, |

|Entitlement in DIC Cases |withhold benefits under 38 CFR 3.107 for any additional child that may be payable when a claim is filed within one|

| |year of the date that the child’s entitlement arose. |

27. Handling Improved Pension and DIC Cases Following the Remarriage of a Surviving Spouse

|Introduction |This topic contains information on handling Improved Pension and DIC cases following the remarriage of a surviving|

| |spouse. It includes |

| | |

| |information on handling an overpayment |

| |information on the appropriate award action in Improved Pension and DIC cases, and |

| |an example of action taken on a remarried surviving spouse’s award. |

|Change Date |April 13, 2009 |

|a. Handling an |If there are children entitled to benefits and acceptable notice of remarriage has been received too late to avoid|

|Overpayment |creation of an overpayment |

| | |

| |suspend the surviving spouse’s award DLP |

| |follow the check-intercept procedure in M21-1, Part V, Chapter 12. |

| |maintain a 30-day control, and |

| |determine DLP by checking Share following the next processing cycle. |

| | |

| |If DLP is of record, apply the provisions of 38 CFR 3.657(b)(2) to reduce or eliminate the overpayment. |

| | |

| |Exception: If a surviving spouse remarries after age 57, he/she may retain eligibility for certain VA benefits |

| |under PL 108-183. No overpayment is created in these cases, since entitlement continues to exist. |

| | |

| |Reference: For information on considering dependents in Improved Pension claims see M21-1MR, Part V, Subpart iii,|

| |1.F. |

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27. Handling Improved Pension and DIC Cases Following the Remarriage of a Surviving Spouse, Continued

|b. Appropriate Award |Follow the steps in the table below to determine the appropriate award action in Improved Pension and DIC cases. |

|Action in Improved | |

|Pension and DIC Cases | |

|Step |Action |

|1 |Use the table below to determine the appropriate award action depending on payment rate. |

| | |If the surviving spouse received payment |Then … | |

| | |at a rate … | | |

| | |in excess of that payable to the child or|amend the payee 10 award to authorize only the | |

| | |children in custody in their own right |rate to which such child or children would be | |

| | | |entitled from the first day of the month of | |

| | | |remarriage to the DLP. | |

| | |less than that payable to the child or |discontinue the award by STOP action effective | |

| | |children in custody |the date of last payment in the payee 10 award. | |

| | |

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27. Handling Improved Pension and DIC Cases Following the Remarriage of a Surviving Spouse, Continued

|b. Appropriate Award Action in Improved Pension and DIC Cases (continued) |

|Step |Action |

|2 |Prepare amended awards to the surviving spouse |

| | |

| |use reason code 15 for |

| |child(ren) only rate, and |

| |the termination line |

| |concisely state the reason for the adjustment in the Remarks section. |

| | |

| |Example: The following statement is sufficient for the Remarks section: “Surviving spouse |

| |remarried (date), DLP (date).” Include additional remarks if other retroactive adjustments, not |

| |related to the remarriage, were taken. |

| | |

| |Note: To reflect the rate payable for the child(ren), use the 80 series dependency codes for each|

| |rate change line per M21-1, Part V, Chapter 6. |

Continued on next page

27. Handling Improved Pension and DIC Cases Following the Remarriage of a Surviving Spouse, Continued

|c. Example: Action |Situation: |

|Taken on Remarried |The surviving spouse |

|Surviving Spouse’s Award |has three children in her custody |

| |is receiving Improved Pension of $1,136 per month, and |

| |remarried May 15, 2008. |

| |The DLP is July 1, 2008. |

| |Assume no income for the surviving spouse, stepparent, or any of the children. |

| | |

| |Result: |

| |Per 38 CFR 3.850(c), the children’s awards |

| |are effective July 1, 2008, and |

| |result in three payments of $159 each monthly to the remarried surviving spouse as custodian of each child. |

| | |

| |Notes: |

| |Pay each child under a separate award. Consolidated payee 31-series awards are no longer used to pay benefits to |

| |two or more children. |

| |Use a locally-generated letter to explain the action taken. |

28. Handling Section 306 and Old Law Pension Cases Following the Remarriage of a Surviving Spouse

|Change Date |December 13, 2005 |

|a. Appropriate Action in|Take the appropriate award action in Section 306 and Old Law Pension cases as described in M21-1MR, Part IV, |

|Section 306 and Old Law |Subpart iii, 3.F.26. |

|Pension Cases | |

| |If additional information regarding appropriate action in Section 306 and Old Law Pension cases after the |

| |remarriage of the surviving spouse is needed, please contact C&P Service by e-mail at VAVBAWAS/CO/212A. |

29. Action on Children’s Awards Following the Remarriage of a Surviving Spouse

|Introduction |This topic contains describes the action taken on children’s awards following the remarriage of a surviving |

| |spouse. It includes information on |

| | |

| |determining the children’s entitlement to Improved Pension |

| |determining the child’s award rate and effective date |

| |amending child apportionee awards, and |

| |terminating the surviving spouse’s award. |

|Change Date |December 13, 2005 |

|a. Determining |For children in the surviving spouse’s custody, use the income of the surviving spouse and stepparent to determine|

|Children’s Eligibility to|the children’s entitlement to Improved Pension. |

|Improved Pension | |

|b. Determining the |Use the table below to determine the children’s award rate and effective date. |

|Child’s Award Rate and | |

|Effective Date | |

|If … |Then pay the children … |

|the surviving spouse’s award was adjusted |at the children’s only rate, effective the date the surviving |

|to reduce an overpayment |spouse’s award terminated. |

Continued on next page

29. Action on Children’s Awards Following the Remarriage of a Surviving Spouse, Continued

|b. Determining the Child’s Award Rate and Effective Date (continued) |

|If … |Then pay the children … |

|the surviving spouse’s award was terminated|effective the first day of the month of the surviving spouse’s |

|by a STOP action |remarriage |

| |at the old rate that was payable for the spouse and children in |

| |custody for the month of remarriage, and |

| |increased to the rate payable for children only from the first day |

| |of the month following remarriage, subject to prior payments. |

| | |

| |Note: These procedures are effective October 1, 1982. The |

| |provisions of 38 CFR 3.31 apply because there has been an increase |

| |in the total benefits payable. |

|the rate payable for children is less than |effective the first day of the month of remarriage. |

|the amount previously paid for the spouse | |

|and children | |

|the rate payable for children is greater |at the |

|than the amount previously paid for the | |

|spouse and children |old rate payable for spouse and child(ren), effective the first day |

| |of the month of remarriage, and |

| |rate payable for a child(ren) only, effective the first day of the |

| |month following remarriage |

|c. Amending Child |Amend all child apportionee awards as follows: |

|Apportionee Awards | |

| |use reason code 40, Adjustment, Child Award-Surviving Spouse’s Entitlement Terminated, for all awards, and |

| |use reason code 00 for any original or reopened award to children whose entitlement is established because of the |

| |remarriage of a surviving spouse. |

Continued on next page

29. Action on Children’s Awards Following the Remarriage of a Surviving Spouse, Continued

|d. Terminating the |If no overpayment to the surviving spouse exists, terminate the surviving spouse’s award effective the first day |

|Surviving Spouse’s Award |of the month of remarriage. |

30. Effect of the Termination of a Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage

|Introduction |This topic contains information on the effect of the termination of a surviving spouse’s remarriage. It includes |

| |information on |

| | |

| |the general considerations for reinstatement of benefits after remarriage |

| |consideration of termination prior to November 1, 1990 |

| |the provisions of PL 102-86 and PL 102-568 |

| |reestablishment of eligibility as a surviving spouse |

| |determining when to develop for termination of a legal marriage, and |

| |development for termination of a legal marriage. |

|Change Date |November 16, 2006 |

|a. General |Before November 1, 1990, a surviving spouse who remarried or engaged in conduct warranting an inference of |

|Considerations for |remarriage could establish surviving spouse status if |

|Reinstatement of Benefits| |

|After Remarriage |the subsequent marriage was terminated, annulled, or declared void |

| |court proceedings started before November 1, 1990, or |

| |the parties stopped living together in the case of an inferred marriage. |

| | |

| |After October 31, 1990, PL 101-508 and PL 102-86 govern remarriages of surviving spouses, and the benefits of a |

| |surviving spouse or child cannot be restored after the marriage unless the marriage is annulled or determined to |

| |be void. Once an inference of remarriage of a surviving spouse is established benefits cannot be restored if the |

| |relationship ends |

| | |

| |Exception: PL 105-78 made it possible for a surviving spouse to establish DIC entitlement after termination of |

| |the remarriage. |

| | |

| |References: For more information on |

| |conduct warranting inference of remarriage of a surviving spouse, see M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii, 3.F.24 |

| |reestablishing eligibility to benefits, see 38 CFR 3.55, and |

| |reinstatement of DIC after termination of remarriage, see M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii, 3.F.33. |

Continued on next page

30. Effect of the Termination of a Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage, Continued

|b. Consideration of |PL 101-508 provides that a surviving spouse claimant whose remarriage has been terminated by divorce, death, or |

|Termination Prior to |termination of conduct warranting an inference of remarriage can be recognized as the veteran’s surviving spouse |

|November 1, 1990 |only if the termination of the remarriage took place before November 1, 1990. |

| | |

| |Exception: DIC may be reinstated after September 30, 1998. See M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii, 3.F.33. |

|c. Provisions of PL |PL 102-86 amended the provision to prohibit reinstatement based upon date of remarriage or inference of remarriage|

|102-86 and PL 102-568 |instead of date of claim. |

| | |

| |Generally, reinstatement is barred if the remarriage or inference of remarriage occurs after October 31, 1990. PL|

| |102-568 amended this provision to exclude its application to any formerly remarried surviving spouse for whom a |

| |legal proceeding to terminate an existing marital relationship was started before November 1, 1990, if that |

| |proceeding directly resulted in the termination of the marriage. |

| | |

| |Supporting evidence must be submitted showing that the surviving spouse actually filed for divorce with a court |

| |prior to November 1, 1990. |

|d. Reestablishment of |A remarried surviving spouse whose subsequent marriage is annulled or declared void can reestablish eligibility as|

|Eligibility as a |a surviving spouse. |

|Surviving Spouse | |

| |This applies to both pension and DIC recipients. |

|e. Determining When to |Initiate development for termination of a legal marriage only if |

|Develop for Termination | |

|of a Legal Marriage |it is alleged that legal proceedings which resulted directly in the termination of the marriage were initiated |

| |prior to November 1, 1990 |

| |the marriage was actually terminated prior to November 1, 1990, or |

| |the marriage was annulled or void. |

Continued on next page

30. Effect of the Termination of a Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage, Continued

|f. Development for |Follow the steps in the table below to develop for termination of a legal marriage. |

|Termination of a Legal | |

|Marriage |Note: Documentary proof of marriage dissolution is always required if the marriage occurred after the veteran’s |

| |death. Marriages occurring prior to the claimant’s marriage to the veteran do not have to be supported by |

| |documentary evidence unless the evidence of record is inconsistent. |

|Step |Action |

|1 |Request a statement about the claimant’s marriages showing where, when, and how each one was |

| |dissolved. |

| | |

| |Note: This information may be obtained by telephone. |

|2 |Request a statement of whether or not the claimant ever filed an application for or received VA |

| |benefits as the spouse or surviving spouse of another veteran. |

| | |

| |Note: If the claimant is receiving VA benefits as the surviving spouse of another veteran, the |

| |claimant must provide the name of that veteran. |

|3 |Did the claimant receive VA benefits as the spouse or surviving spouse of another veteran? |

| | |

| |If yes, show the |

| |name of the other veteran, and |

| |VA claim number. |

| |If no, go to Step 4. |

|4 |Request the following as proof of termination of each marriage occurring after the date of the |

| |veteran’s death: a copy of the |

| | |

| |final decree of divorce or annulment, or |

| |public record of death. |

|Reference: For more information on the documents required, see |

|M21-1MR, Part III, Subpart iii, 5.B.10, and |

|38 CFR 3.204. |

31. Termination of Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage: Remarriage Alleged to Be Void

|Introduction |This topic contains information on procedures to follow if a surviving spouse’s remarriage may be void. |

|Change Date |November 16, 2006 |

|a. Procedure When |Follow the steps in the table below if the claimant alleges that a marriage barring entitlement to VA benefits is |

|Remarriage Is Alleged to |void. |

|Be Void | |

|Step |Action |

|1 |Fully develop the facts surrounding the alleged void marriage. |

|2 |If possible, obtain certified statements from the parties to the marriage. |

|3 |After complete development, submit the case to Regional Counsel for a legal opinion as to whether |

| |or not the marriage is void. |

| | |

| |Note: Regional Counsel makes the determination. No administrative decision is required. |

| | |

| |Reference: For information on jurisdiction over determinations, see M21-1MR, Part III, Subpart |

| |iii, 5.A.3. |

|4 |If Regional Counsel determines that the remarriage is void, establish entitlement, if otherwise in|

| |order, effective the |

| | |

| |date cohabitation ceased, or |

| |date VA receives the claim, whichever is later. |

| | |

| |Reference: For more information on effective dates for void marriages, see 38 CFR 3.400(v)(1). |

32. Termination of Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage: Remarriage Annulled

|Introduction |This topic contains information on the termination of a surviving spouse’s remarriage when the remarriage is |

| |annulled. It includes information on |

| | |

| |the procedure to follow if a claimant alleges that a marriage barring entitlement to VA benefits is annulled |

| |fraudulent annulments, and |

| |judicial decrees of annulment. |

|Change Date |November 16, 2006 |

|a. Procedure When |Follow the steps in the table below if the surviving spouse alleges that the remarriage has been annulled. |

|Remarriage Is Annulled | |

|Step |Action |

|1 |Request a copy of the court decree of annulment. |

|2 |Is there any evidence of fraud in obtaining the annulment? |

| | |

| |If yes, go to Step 3. |

| |If no, accept the annulment decree as evidence of termination of the remarriage. An |

| |administrative decision is not required. |

|3 |Initiate full development if there is evidence of fraud. As part of this development, request |

| | |

| |copies of the petition to the court for annulment |

| |the court’s response, and |

| |a transcript of the testimony. |

|4 |Questions as to whether or not the decree was obtained through fraud are mixed questions of fact |

| |and law. For this reason, after development, submit questions to Regional Counsel for an opinion |

| |as to the legal effect. |

Continued on next page

32. Termination of Surviving Spouse’s Remarriage: Remarriage Annulled, Continued

|b. Fraudulent Annulment |A finding that an annulment was fraudulently obtained renders it invalid for VA purposes. |

| | |

| |If the Regional Counsel opinion indicates that fraud was involved in obtaining an annulment, prepare a |

| |three-signature administrative decision using the format in M21-1MR, Part III, Subpart v, 1.A.2. The issue is |

| |“marital status of claimant.” |

| | |

| |The VSCM may delegate authority to approve the decision to supervisors not lower than coaches/section chiefs. |

|c. Judicial Decree of |When a judicial decree of annulment is accepted as proof of termination of remarriage, the effective date of an |

|Annulment |award of benefits is the date the decree became final if the claim is filed within one year of that date. |

| | |

| |In all other cases, entitlement is based on the date VA receives the claim. |

| | |

| |Reference: For more information on judicial decrees of annulment, see 38 CFR 3.400(v)(2). |

33. Reinstatement of DIC Eligibility After Termination of Remarriage

|Introduction |This topic contains information on the reinstatement of DIC eligibility after termination of remarriage. It |

| |includes information on |

| | |

| |the reinstatement of DIC eligibility after termination of remarriage |

| |development to establish required relationship |

| |payment dates for restored DIC |

| |determination of appropriate payment dates |

| |selection of end product, special law code, and reason code |

| |assessment of surviving spouse eligibility for DIC |

| |examples of surviving spouse’s restored eligibility for DIC, and |

| |reinstatement of eligibility for other benefits after November 30, 1999. |

|Change Date |April 13, 2009 |

|a. Reinstatement of DIC |Effective September 30, 1998, PL 105-178, Section 8207 made it possible for a surviving spouse to reestablish DIC |

|Eligibility After |eligibility after termination of remarriage. Although in most instances Section 8207 permits “restoration” of DIC|

|Termination of Remarriage|to an individual who had been in receipt of DIC prior to remarriage, DIC may be paid to an otherwise eligible |

| |claimant whose remarriage has terminated, regardless of whether the claimant had previously received DIC. |

| | |

| |Therefore, after September 30, 1998, eligibility for DIC (but not pension) is established in any case in which the|

| |remarriage of the surviving spouse is terminated by |

| | |

| |death |

| |divorce, or |

| |annulment. |

| | |

| |Reference: For more information on the reinstatement of DIC eligibility after termination of remarriage, see 38 |

| |CFR 3.55(a)(3). |

Continued on next page

33. Reinstatement of DIC Eligibility After Termination of Remarriage, Continued

|b. Development to |Develop to establish the required relationship. Obtain the following required evidence: |

|Establish Required | |

|Relationship |a statement of all of the claimant’s marriages, including where (city and state), when (month/day/year) and how |

| |each marriage was dissolved, and |

| |a statement as to whether the claimant has ever filed an application or received VA benefits as a spouse or |

| |surviving spouse of any other veteran and, if so, the name and VA claim number of the other veteran. |

|c. Payment Dates for |Although, the date of enactment of PL 105-178, Section 8207 was June 9, 1998, no payment may be made prior to |

|Reinstated DIC |October 1, 1998. |

| | |

| |Therefore, taking into consideration 38 CFR 3.31 and 38 CFR 3.114(a), awards for reinstated DIC entitlement may be|

| |processed with a payment date as early as, but no earlier than, October 1, 1998. |

| | |

| |References: For more information on payment dates for reinstated DIC, see |

| |38 CFR 3.31, and |

| |38 CFR 3.114(a). |

|d. Determination of |The payment date is the first day of the month following the occurrence of the event that ended the remarriage, |

|Appropriate Payment Dates|but not earlier than October 1, 1998, if a claim is filed within one year |

| | |

| |after the date of death, or |

| |of the date the divorce became final. |

|e. Selection of End |If the surviving spouse previously received DIC, use |

|Product, Special Law | |

|Code, and Reason Code |end product 130 |

| |special law code 24 on all award lines, and |

| |reason code 60 on the first award line. |

Continued on next page

33. Reinstatement of DIC Eligibility After Termination of Remarriage, Continued

|f. Assessment of |The provisions of 38 CFR 3.114(a) apply if |

|Surviving Spouse’s | |

|Eligibility for DIC |the surviving spouse is otherwise eligible for DIC, and |

| |the remarriage has been terminated |

| | |

| |This means that a surviving spouse can have benefits reinstated with a payment date of October 1, 1998, or an |

| |effective date one year prior to the date of reopened claim (subject to 38 CFR 3.31), whichever is later. |

| | |

| |Note: Benefits may be reinstated with a payment date of October 1, 1998 if |

| |the remarriage was terminated as of June 9, 1998 (the liberalizing portion of the law), and |

| |the claim was received within one year of the law change. |

|g. Example 1: Surviving|Situation: The table below describes the situation. |

|Spouse’s Eligibility for | |

|Reinstated DIC | |

|Date |Description |

|February 1, 1992 |DIC is terminated for a surviving spouse based on her remarriage. |

|May 7, 1997 |The second spouse dies. |

|November 15, 1998 |The surviving spouse files a claim. |

|Result: The payment date of the reinstated DIC award is October 1, 1998. 38 CFR 3.114(a) applies here because |

|the surviving spouse met the requirements of the liberalizing legislation on the date of enactment (June 9, 1998).|

Continued on next page

33. Reinstatement of DIC Eligibility After Termination of Remarriage, Continued

|h. Example 2: Surviving|Situation: The table below describes the situation. |

|Spouse’s Eligibility for | |

|Reinstated DIC | |

|Date |Description |

|July 1, 1993 |DIC is terminated based on the surviving spouse’s remarriage |

|November 5, 1998 |The remarriage ends. |

| |The divorce becomes final. |

|January 15, 1999 |A claim for reinstated DIC entitlement is received. |

|Result: |

|The payment date of the re DIC award is December 1, 1998. (The effective date would be November 5, 1998, in |

|accordance with 38 U.S.C. 5110(1) and then subject to 38 CFR 3.31.) |

|Payment would be made from the first day of the month following the date the divorce became final, or December 1, |

|1998. |

|i. Example 3: Surviving|Situation: The table below describes the situation. |

|Spouse’s Eligibility for | |

|Reinstated DIC | |

|Date |Description |

|August 1, 1994 |DIC ends due to the surviving spouse’s remarriage. |

|July 17, 1998 |The marriage subsequently terminated by death. |

|November 27, 1998 |The claim for reinstated DIC is received. |

|Result: The payment date of reinstated DIC benefits is October 1, 1998, in accordance with 38 U.S.C. 5110(1), and|

|the earliest date permitted under PL 105-178, Section 8207(b). |

Continued on next page

33. Reinstatement of DIC Eligibility After Termination of Remarriage, Continued

|j. Reinstatement of |PL 106-117, Section 502, effective December 1,1999, now permits entitlement to the following benefits for a |

|Eligibility for Other |surviving spouse whose remarriage has been terminated by death, divorce, annulment, or cessation of an inferred |

|Benefits After November |remarriage: |

|30, 1999 | |

| |medical care under CHAMPVA |

| |Dependents’ Educational Assistance (DEA) under 38 U.S.C. Chapter 35, and |

| |loan guaranty benefits under 38 U.S.C. Chapter 37. |

| | |

| |The date of entitlement to benefits is the first day of the month following the occurrence of the event which |

| |ended the remarriage, but no earlier than December 1, 1999, if a claim is filed within one year of the date of |

| |death or within one year of the date the termination of remarriage became final. |

| | |

| |Notes: |

| |Benefits are not payable for the period from October 1, 1998, through November 30,1999. |

| |The provisions of PL 106-117, Section 502 apply to a surviving spouse who has ceased living with another person |

| |and holding him/herself out openly to the public as that person’s spouse. |

| |Prior to November 30, 1999, VAOPGCPREC 13-98 held that a surviving spouse who regained DIC eligibility under of PL|

| |105-178, Section 8207, effective October 1, 1998, did not regain eligibility for any of the above benefits. |

34. Reinstatement/Continuation of DIC Eligibility Based on Remarriage After Age 57

|Introduction |This topic contains information on the reinstatement/continuation of DIC eligibility based on remarriage after age|

| |57. It includes information on |

| | |

| |benefits for a surviving spouse who remarries after age 57 |

| |continuation of DIC eligibility based on remarriage after age 57 |

| |payment date for reinstatement of benefits |

| |three examples of DIC cases in which the surviving spouse remarried after age 57, and |

| |selection of appropriate end product, special law, and reason codes. |

|Change Date |April 13, 2009 |

|a. Benefits for a |Under 38 CFR 3.55(a)(10), effective January 1, 2004, a surviving spouse who remarries on or after his/her 57th |

|Surviving Spouse Who |birthday remains eligible for |

|Remarries After Age 57 | |

| |DIC |

| |VA home loans, and |

| |VA educational benefits. |

| | |

| |Important: A surviving spouse who remarried after age 57, but before December 16, 2003, is eligible for |

| |reinstatement of DIC only if the claim for reinstatement was received before December 16, 2004. |

|b. Continuation of DIC |DIC eligibility will continue for any current DIC recipients who notify VA that he/she remarried after age 57. |

|Eligibility Based on | |

|Remarriage After Age 57 |Reference: For development procedures, see M21-1MR, Part IV, Subpart iii.3.F.23.i. |

Continued on next page

34. Reinstatement/Continuation of DIC Eligibility Based on Remarriage After Age 57, Continued

|c. Payment Date for |Do not reinstate DIC to a surviving spouse who remarried after age 57 effective earlier than January 1, 2004. The|

|Reinstatement of DIC |payment date is subject to 38 CFR 3.31. |

| | |

| |Note: Surviving spouses who remarried after age 57, but before December 16, 2003, and whose claims are received |

| |on or after December 16, 2004, are not entitled to a reinstatement of benefits. |

|d. Example 1 –Claim for |Situation: |

|Reinstatement of DIC |A surviving spouse’s DIC was discontinued on June 1, 2003, due to remarriage on May 20, 2003, at age 58. |

|Disallowed |The surviving spouse’s claim for reinstatement of DIC was received on January 22, 2008. |

| | |

| |Result: |

| |Disallow the DIC claim. The surviving spouse remarried before December 16, 2003, but the claim for reinstatement |

| |was not received before December 16, 2004. |

| | |

| |Note: Per 38 CFR 3.55(9), the surviving spouse would still be eligible for medical care under 38 U.S.C. 1781 |

| |because he/she remarried after age 55. |

|e. Example 2 –Claim for |Situation: |

|Reinstatement of DIC |A surviving spouse’s DIC was discontinued on June 1, 2003, due to remarriage on May 20, 2003, at age 58. |

|Granted |The surviving spouse’s claim for reinstatement of DIC was received on October 14, 2004. |

| | |

| |Result: |

| |Reinstate DIC effective January 1, 2004 (payment date February 1, 2004, under 38 CFR 3.31). The surviving spouse |

| |remarried before December 16, 2003, and the claim for reinstatement was received before December 16, 2004. |

Continued on next page

34. Reinstatement/Continuation of DIC Eligibility Based on Remarriage After Age 57, Continued

|f. Example 3 – DIC |Situation: |

|Eligibility Continued |A surviving spouse is in receipt of DIC. |

| |In July 2008, the surviving spouse reported to VA that he/she had remarried on June 16, 2008, at the age of 62. |

| | |

| |Result: |

| |Because the surviving spouse remarried after age 57, payment of DIC will continue. |

|g. Selection of End |When processing a claim for reinstatement or continuation of DIC eligibility |

|Product, Special Law, and|based on remarriage after age 57, |

|Reason Codes | |

| |assign end product code 137, and |

| |use special law code (SLC) 27 on all award lines. |

| | |

| |The first award line should contain |

| | |

| |reason code 60 for reinstated benefits, or |

| |reason code 00 for continued benefits. |

| | |

| |Notes: Award action will be required for a claim for continuation because SLC 27 cannot be entered as a CORR |

| |transaction due to the age edits associated with the SLC. |

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