Test 1 Review



NAME:__Key____________PERIOD:_____DATE:________Scientific Method TestDirections: In the blank to the left of the number write the letter that the letter goes with the statement. (2 pts each)__A__ 1. Tasha is testing the effect of blue-colored light on the growth of tomato plants. Which is the independent variable in this experiment?a.light colorc.amount of lightb.light intensityd.temperature of light_C__ 2. The 3 points to the nature of science are.a.bias, prejudice, weird c.collaborative, bias, tentativeb.experiment, hypothesis, titled.title, purpose, results_D___ 3. All living things ____ to make other living things.a.Growc.developb.adaptd.reproduce_D___ 4. The key to the study of biology is learning about the ______.a.rocksc.chemicalsb.all of thesed.life around us_D__ 5. A structured procedure for collecting information to test a hypothesis is a(n) ______________.a.principlec.controlb.theoryd.experiment_C__ 6. A microscope that can view 3-D images of cell surfaces is called:a.light microscopec.scanning electron pound light microscoped.video microscope_B__ 7. The objective on a microscope that will magnify an object 40X is:a.Low power objectivec.medium power objectiveb.High power objectived.eyepiece_A___ 8. The objective on a microscope that will magnify an object 4X is:a.low power objectivec.medium power objectiveb.high power objectived.eyepiece _D____ 9. Students of a biology class ran an experiment on a type of flowering plant. Their goal was to find the optimal time in the plant's life for flowering. What time period will provide the most flowering plants? Use Table 1-1 to determine your answer.Table 1-1DayNumber of Plants Flowering26412618822108a.5-6 daysc.7-8 daysb.6-7 daysd.8-9 days _D____ 10. Which of the following are likely topics for a course in biology?a.Why does the Texas horned lizard squirt blood out of its eyes?b.How is a banded pipefish able to hide in its environment of seaweeds?c.What chemicals cause plant stems to lengthen or flowers to bloom?d.All of these. _B__ 11.Which of the following results from quantitative analysis of Figure 1-1?Figure 1-1a.The babies are cold.b.There are 8 offspring.c.There isn’t enough food.d.These are the first offspring these rabbits have hadEcology Test Ch. 3 Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question._B__1.Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the biotic parts of the biosphere through _____.a.burning of bustion of fossil fuelsb.photosynthesisd.all of these_C__2.A ________ is several species in an area interacting with one another.munityb.populationd.ecosystemFigure 2-1_B__3.Referring to Figure 2-1, as energy move from grasses to coyotes, the amount of available energy _____.a.increasesb.decreasesc.decreases then increasesd.increases or decreases but population size remains the same_D__4.The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is calleda.economy.c.recycling.b.modeling.d.ecology._D__5.The part of Earth in which all living things exist is called thea.biome.c.ecosystem.munity.d.biosphere._B__6.All of the members of a particular species that live in one area are called a(an)a.biome.munity.b.population.d.ecosystem._B__7.What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?a.carbohydratesc.waterb.sunlightd.carbonFigure 3-1_C__8.The algae at the beginning of the food chain in Figure 3-1 area.consumers.c.producers.b.decomposers.d.heterotrophs._D__9.An organism that produces its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a(an)a.heterotroph.c.detritivore.b.consumer.d.autotroph._A__10.An organism that cannot make its own food is called a(an)a.heterotroph.c.autotroph.b.chemotroph.d.producer._A__anisms that break down and feed on wastes and dead organisms are calleda.decomposers.c.autotrophs.b.omnivores.d.producers._B__12.What is an organism that feeds only on plants called?a.carnivorec.omnivoreb.herbivored.detritivore_A__13.What is an ecological model of the relationships that form a network of complex interactions among organisms in a community from producers to decomposers?a.food webc.food chainb.an ecosystemd.a population_B__14.What animals eat both producers and consumers?a.herbivoresc.chemotrophsb.omnivoresd.autotrophs_C__15.What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a biological community?a.energy pathc.trophic levelb.food webd.food pyramid_C__16.A bird stalks, kills, and then eats an insect. Based on its behavior, which ecological terms describe the bird?a.herbivore, decomposerc.carnivore, consumerb.producer, heterotrophd.autotroph, herbivore_B__17.Which type of pyramid shows the amount of calories at each trophic level in an ecosystem?a.a numbers pyramidc.a biomass pyramidb.an energy pyramidd.a food pyramid_A__18.The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is calleda.the water cycle.c.precipitation.b.the condensation cycle.d.evaporation._A__19.What is the process by which organisms convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonium?a.nitrogen fixationc.decompositionb.excretiond.denitrification_C__20.Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily bya.humans.c.bacteria.b.plants.d.ammonia._A__21.A food chain generally begins witha.an autotrophc.a decomposerb.an omnivored.a heterotroph_B__22.Besides energy, what moves through the organisms at each trophic level of an ecosystem?anismsc.sunlightb.nutrientsd.cycles_D__23.Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct? munities make up species which make up populations.b.Populations make up species, which make up communities.c.Species make up communities, which make up populations.d.Species are grouped in populations, which make up communities._B__24.The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is a (an)a.populationc.munityd.species_D__25.Different species can share the same habitat, but competition among them is reduced if they a.reproduce at different timesc.increase their populationsb.eat lessd.occupy different niches_D__26.An organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a(an)a.heterotrophc.detritivoreb.consumerd.autotroph_A__27.What is the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air into ammonia?a.nitrogen fixationc.decompositionb.excretiond.denitrification_B__28.Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT?a.photosynthesisc.respirationb.transpirationd.decomposition_D__29.What is the combined portions of the Earth called in which all living things exist?a.biomec.munityd.biosphere_B__30.What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?a.carbohydratesc.waterb.sunlightd.carbon_A__anisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and animals are calleda.decomposersc.autotrophsb.omnivoresd.producers_D__32.All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food? a.workb.chaind.web_B__33.The process by which NH3 is converted into NO3?a.nitrogen fixationc.ammonificationb.nitrificationd.denitrification_C__34.The process by which NH3 is converted into NH4.a.nitrogen fixationc.ammonificationb.nitrificationd.denitrification_D__35.The process by which NO3 is converted into N2a.nitrogen fixationc.ammonificationb.nitrificationd.denitrification_C__36.Refer to the illustration above. Level A is composed ofa.carnivores.c.producers.b.herbivores.d.omnivores._D__37.Refer to the illustration above. The diagram shows a(n)a.population.c.food web.munity.d.Energy pyramid._C__38.Refer to the illustration above. How much energy is available to the organisms in level C?a.all of the energy in level A plus the energy in level Bb.all of the energy in level A minus the energy in level Bc.10 percent of the energy in level Bd.90 percent of the energy in level B_B___39.Refer to the illustration above. The diagram represents the decrease ina.the number of organisms from higher to lower trophic levels.b.available energy from lower to higher trophic levels.c.diversity of organisms between lower and higher levels.d.trophic levels.Ecology Test Ch. 4 & 5 2011-2012 Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.(2pts each)_C__1. Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?a.average temperature of the ecosystemb.type of soil in the ecosystemc.number and kinds of predators in the ecosystemd.concentration of oxygen in the ecosystem_C__2. Which two biomes have the least amount of precipitation?a.tropical rain forest and temperate grasslandb.tropical savanna and tropical dry forestc.tundra and desertd.boreal forest and temperate woodland and shrubland_D__3. The average year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region is the region’sa.longitude c.ecosystem.b.latitude.d.climate._A__4. Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPTa.plant life.c.rainfall.b.soil type.d.temperature._C__5. Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost?a.desertc.tundrab.temperate forestd.tropical dry forest_C__6. Ponds and lakes area.wetlands.c.standing-water ecosystems.b.estuaries.d.flowing-water ecosystems._D__7. There are 150 Saguaro cacti plants per square kilometer in a certain area of Arizona desert. To which population characteristic does this information refer?a.growth ratec.age structureb.geographic distributiond.population density_A__8. What can cause a population to grow?a.The birthrate becomes higher than the death rate.b.The birthrate stays the same, and the death rate increases.c.The birthrate becomes lower than the death rate.d.The birthrate and the death rate remain the same._D__9. When individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate, it produces a growth pattern calleda.logistic growth.c.demographic growth.b.growth density.d.exponential growth._C__10. Which are two ways a population can decrease in size?a.immigration and emigrationb.increased death rate and immigrationc.decreased birthrate and emigrationd.emigration and increased birthrate _A__ 11. If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, thea.death rate may rise.c.population will grow faster.b.birthrate may rise.d.carrying capacity will change._A__12. Which would be least likely to be affected by a density-dependent limiting factor?a.a small, scattered populationb.a population with a high birthratec.a large, dense populationd.a population with a high immigration rate_B__13. In Rwanda, there are more young children than teenagers, and more teenagers than adults. This age structure indicates a population thata.has stopped growing.b.will double in 30 years.c.has a steady growth rate.d.will decrease in 30 years._D__14. Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that play a role in population growth rate?a.immigrationc.emigrationb.death rated.demography_A__15. The movement of organisms into a given area from another area is calleda.immigration.c.population shift.b.emigration.d.carrying capacity._A__16. When the birthrate in a population becomes higher than the death rate, the population growth ratea.increases.c.levels off.b.decreases.d.decreases, then levels off._C__17. Any factor in the environment that causes population growth to decrease is aa.carrying capacity.c.limiting factor.b.limiting nutrient.d.growth factor._A__18. Which of the following describes the largest number of individuals that an environment can support?a.carrying capacity.c.emigration.b.immigration.d.exponential growth._B__19. Each of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor petition.c.crowding.b.unusual weather.d.disease._A__20. Which of the following is a density-independent factor?a.earthquakec.emigrationb.diseased.parasitism_C__21. Demography is the scientific study ofa.parasitism and disease.c.human populations.b.modernized countries.d.economic transitions._A__22. Which of the following is NOT involved in capture-recapture methods of population sampling?a.DNA fingerprintingb.tagsc.collarsd.leg rings_B__23. Zero population growth is achieveda.when a population reaches the carrying capacity of the environment.b.when emigration and immigration are balanced and the number of births equals the number of deaths.c.anytime that births exceed deaths.d.anytime that deaths exceed births.Refer to the figure illustrating logistic growth, to answer the following questions.Figure 45-1_C__24. Refer to Figure 45-1. The initial carrying capacity of an environment is indicated bya.A.b.B.c.C.d.D.Figure 45-2Refer to the age structure diagrams, to answer the following questions._A__25. Refer to Figure 45-2. A rapidly-growing population is indicated bya.A.b.B.c.C.d.D._C__26. Refer to Figure 45-2. A population with zero growth is indicated bya.A.b.B.c.C.d.D._D__27. Refer to Figure 45-2. A declining population is indicated bya.A.b.B.c.C.d.D._C__28. The effect of local population fluctuations in rapidly expanding suburbs may _____ schools, roads, police and fire servicesa.eliminatec.have no effect onb.reduce the need ford.none of theseTable 5-1 shows the population sizes for 5 different species in four different areas.AreaSpecies USpecies VSpecies WSpecies XSpecies YSpecies ZA372224B068066C002002D4311160Table 5-1_A__29. From table 5-, which of species has teh highest average population size?a.Species Wc.Species Yb.Species Xd.Species Z_B__30. If the four areas in table 5-1 were teh only places on earth to find these organisms, which species most likely faces the greatest chance of extinction?a.Species Uc.Species Yb.Species Xd.Species Z_C__31. If all four areas in table 5-1 had identical climate and geology, which one would probably have the smallest area?a.Area Ac.Area Cb.Area Bd.Area D_C__32. A graph of a population that grows until it reaches its carrying capacity usually has the shape of a(n) ______.a.Ic.Sb.Jd.M_A__33. The symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example ofa.mutualism because the flower provides the insect with food, and the insect pollinates the flower.b.parasitism because the insect lives off the nectar from the flower.mensalism because the insect doesn’t harm the flower, and the flower doesn’t benefit from the relationship.d.predation because the insect feeds on the flower._B__34. What is one difference between primary and secondary succession?a.Primary succession is slow, and secondary succession is rapid.b.Secondary succession begins on soil, and primary succession begins on newly exposed surfaces.c.Primary succession modifies the environment, and secondary succession does not.d.Secondary succession begins with lichens, and primary succession begins with trees._B__35. What type of succession is most likely to happen in Figure 3-2?Figure 3-2a.primaryb.secondaryc.tertiaryd.climax_A__36. At which stage in Figure 3-3 are the most pioneer species found? Figure 3-3a.Ac.Cb.Bd.D_C__37. The stable ecosystem that develops due to succession is calleda.a nichec.a climax communityb.a forestd.a biome_B__38. What type of relationship exists between E.coli inside your intestinea.symbiosisc.parasitismb.mensalism_C__39. What type of relationship exists between worms on your eyelashesa.symbiosisc.parasitismb.mensalism_D__40. What type of relationship exists between HIV and monkeysa.symbiosisc.parasitismb.mensalismEcology Test Ch. 6 2011-2012 Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.Table 5-1 shows the population sizes for 6 different species in four different areas.AreaSpecies USpecies VSpecies WSpecies XSpecies YSpecies ZA372224B068066C002002D4311160Table 5-1_B__1. If the four areas in Table 5-1 were the only places in the world to find these organisms, which species most likely faces the greatest chance of extinction?a.Species Uc.Species Yb.Species Xd.Species Z_A__2. Which area in Table 5-1 has the greatest biodiversity?a.Area Ac.Area Cb.Area Bd.Area D_B__3. The number of different species in the biosphere is calleda.biodiversity.c.genetic diversity.b.ecosystem diversity.d.species diversity._C__4. The sulfur and nitrogen compounds in smog combine with water to forma.ozone.c.acid rain.b.ammonia.d.chlorofluorocarbons._A__5. The extinction rate of terrestrial and freshwater species is currently higher than the extinction rate of marine species. What is the most likely reason for this?a.Human activities have a greater impact on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems.b.There are no economic incentives for humans to use ocean resources.c.Marine organisms have had a longer time to adapt to their environment.d.The oceans have a greater area than land and freshwater ecosystems combined._D__6. All of the following are threats to biodiversity EXCEPTa.biological magnification of toxic compounds.b.habitat fragmentation.c.invasive species.d.species preservation.Figure 5-3_A__7. What effect did the loss of species B have on species A and D in Figure 5-3?a.it caused the populations of A and D to decreaseb.it caused the populations of A and D to increasec.it caused the populations of A and D to become extinctd.it had no effect on the populations of A and D_C__8. Examine the graph in Figure 5-3. Which species were not affected by the loss of species B?a.species A, C, and Ec.species C onlyb.species C and Ed.species E only_D__9. Which of the following resources can be considered renewable?a.natural gasc.uraniumb.quartzd.wood_A__10. The cheetah population was around 100,000 in 1900. Today, fewer than 12,000 cheetahs remain. What type of natural resource are cheetahs considered to be?a.nonrenewablec.reusableb.renewabled.sustainable_D__11. Which of the following practices can help conserve an area’s biodiversity?a.biological magnificationc.species introductionb.habitat fragmentationd.sustainable usage_D__12. Some scientists think that global warming isa.a natural variation in climate.b.a result of human activity.c.melting the polar ice caps.d.all of the above_C__13. The major cause of ozone depletion isa.nitric acid.c.chlorofluorocarbons.b.sulfuric acid.d.ultraviolet light._B__14. The major threat to biodiversity isa.habitat fragmentationc.habitat degradationb.habitat lossd.exotic species_C__15. Acid rain changes the pH of soil, killing some trees. This is an example ofa.habitat fragmentationc.habitat degradationb.global warming problemsd.exotic species_B__16. Salvinia molesta, a floating aquatic plant, first entered Lake Naivasha in Kenya when a person’s fish ponds flooded. The plant quickly grew, changing the habitat of parts of the lake. This is an example of a problem due toa.reintroduction programsc.habitat fragmentationb.exotic speciesd.edge effect_C__17. Which of the following species is extinct?a.American bald eaglec.passenger pigeonb.manateed.giant panda_B__18. Water and air pollution are examples ofa.habitat fragmentationc.edge effectb.habitat degradationd.sustainable use_D__19. When species lose their habitats, they maya.lack foodc.be in danger of becoming extinctb.lack shelterd.all of the above_C__20. The greatest source of air pollution isa.volcanic eruptionsc.burning of fossil fuelsb.forest firesd.CFC’s_C__21. When exotic species are introduced into an area their populations may grow exponentially because the speciesa.are largec.lack competitors and predatorsb.are predatorsd.are small_C__22. Which of the following sequences is the most likely to occur?a.endangered species, to threatened species, to extinct speciesb.extinct species, to threatened species, to endangered speciesc.threatened species, to endangered species, to extinct speciesd.threatened species, to extinct species, to endangered species_B__23. Which of the following animals would be least affected by habitat fragmentation?a.wolvesc.zebrasb.hawksd.lions_C__24. The removal of coral reefs by people is an example of habitata.fragmentationc. lossb.degradationd.preservation_A__25. National parks help prevent the extinction of many species bya.preserving the species habitatsc.introducing exotic speciesb.reducing pollutiond.allowing the sustainable use of resources_C__26. Materials that are used to soak up oil spills are calleda.boomsc.sorbentsb.skimmersd.chemical dispersants_A__27. ______ is used to contain an oil spill.a.boomc.sorbentsb.skimmerd.chemical dispersants_C__28. Amur honeysuckle and Kudzu are examples of a.biodiversityc.exotic speciesb.native speciesd.endangered species_C__29. Habitat fragmentation often leads toa.increased species diversity within an areac.decreased species diversityb.larger habitats for speciesd.an increased food supply for species_A__30. What is an example of a renewable resource?a.airc.coalb.oild.old growth forest_B__31. A harmful material that can enter the biosphere through the land, air or water isa.smogc.bioremediationb.pollutantd.all of the above_B__32. The variety of life in an area is calleda.species diversityc.genetic diversityb.biodiversityd.animal diversity_A__33. Renewable sources of energya.can replenish themselves naturally.b.must be created in laboratories.c.are manufactured from fossil fuels.d.were never utilized until the 20th century._C__34. Coal is considered a nonrenewable resource because ita.can be recycledc.forms over millions of years.b.can be readily replaced.d.is polluting._C__35. Ozone in the atmospherea.leads to formation of acid precipitation.bines readily with water vapor.c.absorbs harmful radiation from the sun.d.is a renewable resource._B__36. The heat-trapping ability of some gases in the atmosphere can be compared toa.the melting of snow.b.the way glass traps heat in a greenhouse.c.condensation because of heating.d.heating water on a stove._B__37. The extinction of speciesa.is a problem limited to the tropics.b.has been sped up by the activities of people.c.is a problem only where topsoil and groundwater are limited.d.is not a problem today._C__38. The steps needed to solve environmental problems includea.waiting for the affected species to leave an ecosystem that is in trouble.b.leaving the problems to United Nations committees to address.c.educating the public about the problems and the costs of their solutions.d.taking any necessary action, regardless of the consequences or adverse effects._B__39. Protecting ecosystem diversity is a goal ofa.the green revolution.c.the captive breeding program.b.conservation biology.d.the United Nations._D__40. The wearing away of surface soil by water and wind is known asa.deforestation.b.desertification.c.overgrazing.d.soil erosion._C__41. An endangered species isa.a diseased animal.b.a dangerous predator.c.a group of organisms near extinction.d.all organisms at the top of a food chain._D__42. The arrival of Europeans in the Hawaiian Islands changed the islands by introducinga.new crops.c.pigs and rats.b.new ways of farming.d.all of the above_B__43. Which is a way to limit deforestation?a.use more wood productsb.plant and harvest trees on tree farmsc.increase carbon dioxide levelsd.fertilize the soil_D__44. The goals of conservation biology include all of the following EXCEPTa.wise management of natural resources.b.protection and management of individual species.c.preservation of habitats and wildlife.d.introducing foreign species into new environments.For many years orchid collectors searched Exotic Islands for the beautiful Kimmarie Orchid, which is found no place else in the world. After they found the orchid, they brought it back to their homes. In the last couple of years the Kimmarie Orchid has not been found on the island. As a result, hobbyists are now sending the Kimmarie Orchid to be replanted on the islands._D__45. The Kimmarie Orchid became extinct in the wild due to ____.a.habitat lossc.habitat degradationb.exoticsd.overcollection_B__46. The hobbyists are trying to correct the Kimmarie Orchid problem they caused by using ____.a.exotic speciesc.habitat corridorsb.a reintroduction programd.habitat fragments_D__47. If the communities in Figure 5-4 were put in order of least to most biological diversity, they would be ____.Figure 5-1a.ABCDc.DBCAb.CADBd.BDACFigure 5-2_B__48. What does the graph in Figure 5-2 tell you?a.the farther from land, the more biodiversityb.the larger the islet, the more biodiversityc.islet size and biodiversity are not relatedd.biodiversity decreases with islet sizeIslandArea (km2)Initial No.of SpeciesExtinctionsA850,00017525B300,00014035C90,0008050Table 5-2_C__49. According to the data in Table 5-2, which factor has the greatest impact on species loss?a.the original number of speciesc.the area of the islandb.the distance from the mainlandd.the climate_C__50. Which of the following species is extinct?a.American bald eaglec.passenger pigeonb.bison (buffalo)d.giant pandaBiochemistry & The Cell TestMultiple Choice (2 points each)Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question._B__1.If something is organic we know that it ___________ _____________.a.is naturalc.is expensiveb.contains carbond.contains oxygen_C__2.What are the basic building blocks of proteins?a.nucleic acidsc.amino acidsb.peptide bondsd.glycerol and fatty acids_A__3.Unlike carbohydrates and fats, proteins contain _____.a.nitrogenc.hydrogenb.carbond.oxygen_C__4.Who concluded that all animals are made of living cells?a.Virchowc.Schwannb.Hooked.Schleiden_A__5.All living things are made up of _____.a.cellsc.wastesb.corkd.cellulose_A__6.The scientist who viewed pond water under a microscope and found tiny critters was _____.a.van Leeuwenhoekc.Hookeb.Schleidend.Schwann_B__7.If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) _____.a.plant cellc.animal cellb.eukaryotic celld.prokaryotic cell_D__8.What is a protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction?a.steroidsc.nucleic acidb.nucleotidesd.enzymes_A__9.DNA and RNA are representatives of what organic compound?a.Nucleic Acidsc.Proteinsb.Carbohydratesd.Lipids_C__10.What element(s) make up carbohydrates?a.carbon and hydrogenc.carbon, hydrogen, and oxygenb.carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogend.carbon_D__11.Which of the following is not a type of carbohydrate?a.polysaccharidec.monosaccharideb.disaccharided.triglyceride_A__12.The thin, flexible barrier around a cell is called thea.cell membrane.c.cell envelope.b.cell wall.d.cytoplasm._C__13.Prokaryotes lacka.cytoplasm.c.a nucleus.b.a cell membrane.d.genetic material._A__14.The main function of the cell wall is toa.support and protect the cell.c.direct the activities of the cell.b.store DNA.d.help the cell move._D__15.Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?a.stores DNAb.controls most of the cell’s processesc.contains the information needed to make proteinsd.all of the above_A__16.Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?a.helps a cell keep its shapeb.contains DNAc.surrounds the celld.helps make proteins_C__17.Which organelle would you expect to find only in plant cells?a.mitochondrionc.chloroplastb.ribosomed.smooth endoplasmic reticulum_C__18.Which structures carry out cell movement?a.cytoplasm and ribosomesb.nucleolus and nucleusc.cilia and flagellad.chromosomes_D__19.Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?a.breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foodsb.stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydratesc.keeps the cell wall in placed.regulates which materials enter and leave the cell_B__20.Carbohydrates have a ratio of ___ carbon, ___ hydrogen, and ___ oxygen.a.4:10:4c.2:1:1b.1:2:1d.all of these answers_C__21.Your body likes to use these rather than fats because they are easier to burna.lipidsc.carbohydratesb.proteinsd.nucleic acids_B__22.How does an enzyme influence a reaction?a.It increases the energy difference between reactants and products.b.It decreases the activation energy needed to start a reaction.c.It increases the energy of reactants, thereby increasing their tendency to collide.d.None of the above_B__23.Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following statements regarding the graph is true?a.Reaction 2 occurs faster than Reaction 3 because Reaction 2 requires more energy than Reaction 3.b.The difference between the graphs shown for Reaction 2 and Reaction 3 occurs because of a difference in the activation energy of these reactions.c.Reactant A contains more energy at the beginning of the reaction than product C has at the end of the reaction.d.Product B contains more energy at the end of the reaction than reactant A has at the beginning of the reaction._A__24.Refer to the illustration above. Reaction 3 in the grapha.probably occurred in the presence of an enzyme.b.requires more activation energy than Reaction 2.c.is the same as Reaction 1, but faster.d.is slower than Reaction 2._D__25.When an enzyme becomes denatureda.the substrate will fit into the enzyme and cause a reactionb.the tubstrate will not fit into the enzyme and cause a reactionc.the substrate will fit into the enzyme and not cause a reactiond.the substrate will not fit into the enzyme and not cause a reaction_B__26.What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started?a.adhesion energyc.cohesion energyb.activation energyd.chemical energyCell Membrane & Mitosis TestMultiple Choice (1pt each)Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question._D__1. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?a.breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foodsb.stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydratesc.keeps the cell wall in placed.regulates which materials enter and leave the cell_A__2. Diffusion occurs becausea.molecules constantly move and collide with one another.b.the concentration of a solution is never the same throughout a solution.c.the concentration of a solution is always the same throughout a solution.d.molecules never move or collide with one another._A__3. An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because osmosis causesa.water to move into the cell.c.solutes to move into the cell.b.water to move out of the cell.d.solutes to move out of the cell._C__4. The cells of multicellular organisms area.smaller than those of unicellular organisms.b.simpler than those of unicellular organisms.c.specialized to perform particular functions.d.not dependent on one another._A__5. As cell size increases, its ________________ increases faster than its ______________.a.volume, surface areac.volume, massb.surface area, volumed.mass, surface area_C__6. An organ system is a group of organs thata.are made up of similar organelles.b.are made up of similar cells.c.work together to perform a specific function.d.work together to perform all the functions in a multicellular organism._A__7. The thin, flexible barrier around a cell is called thea.cell membrane.c.cell envelope.b.cell wall.d.cytoplasm._B__8. Diffusion is the movement of particles froma.an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.b.an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.c.an area of equilibrium to an area of high concentration.d.all of the above_B__9. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is calleda.diffusion.c.facilitated diffusion.b.osmosis.d.active transport._B__10. Which term refers to cells having different tasks in an organism?a.multicellularc.levels of organizationb.cell differentiationd.unicellular_A__11. Which of the following is an example of an organ?a.Heartc.digestive systemb.epithelial tissued.nerve cell_B__12. Which type of molecule forms the cell membrane?a.proteinc.nucleic acidb.phospholipidd.carbohydrate_B__13. In order for diffusion to be efficient, cells must stay ______________.a.largec.stillb.smalld.dry_A__14. The dispersal of ink in a beaker of water is an example ofa.diffusion.c.active transport.b.osmosis.d.endocytosis._B__15. Phospholipids are molecules that havea.one hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophilic fatty acid tails.b.one hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails.c.one hydrophobic phosphate head and one hydrophobic fatty acid tail.d.one hydrophobic phosphate head and two hydrophilic fatty acid tails._D__16. Refer to the illustration above. The structures labeled A area.cell-surface markers.c.enzymes.b.sugar molecules.d.transport proteins._B__17. Large molecules, like sugar, cross the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration bya.active transport.c.osmosis.b.facilitated diffusion.d.simple diffusion._A__18. Which of the following does not require energy?a.diffusionc.active transportb.endocytosisd.exocytosis_B__19. As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substancesa.always remains greater inside a membrane.b.eventually becomes balanced on both sides of a membrane.c.always remains greater outside of a membrane.d.becomes imbalanced on both sides of a membrane._D__20. Refer to the illustration above. The process shown is calleda.osmosis.c.active transport.b.facilitated diffusion.d.diffusion._D__21. Diffusion is the movement of a substancea.only through a lipid bilayer membrane.b.from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration.c.only in liquids.d.from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration._B__22. Osmosis is a type ofa.active transport.c.simple diffusion.b.passive transport.d.endocytosis._A__23. Which of the following statements about an isotonic solution and a cell is correct?a.The solution has the same solute concentration that the cytoplasm does.b.The solution has a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm does.c.A cell in the solution will lose water.d.A cell in the solution will gain water._A__24. Unlike passive transport, active transporta.requires energy.b.moves substances with their concentration gradient.c.does not involve carrier proteins.d.moves water across the cell membrane._C__25. A hypertonic salt solution has a higher concentration of solutes than a blood cell. What happens when a blood cell is placed in a hypertonic salt solution.a.no change - equilibriumc.cell shrivelsb.cell swells A B_C__26. What process is illustrated in figure A above?a.diffusionc.endocytosisb.exocytosisd.osmosis_B__27. What process is illustrated in figure B above.a.diffusionc.endocytosisb.exocytosisd.osmosis_C__28. What model is used to describe your cell membrane?a.Stiff Flat Modelc.Fluid Mosaic Modelb.Fluid Flat Modeld.Stiff Mosaic Model_A__29. The movement of large particles from high concentration to low concentration through transport proteins is called _________________.a.facilitated diffusionc.osmosisb.diffusiond.active transport_B__30. (QC) Red blood cells have a salt content of 0.9% NaCl. When a microbiologist places red blood cells in pure water, osmosis occurs. What net movement of a substance occurs in this instance of osmosis?a.Water molecules move out of the cells.c.Salt ions move out of the cells.b.Water molecules move into the cells.d.Salt ions move into the cells._A__31. (QC) A Paramecium lives in an environment that is hypotonic to its cytoplasm. How does the Paramecium maintain homeostasis under these conditions?a.It expels excess water using contractile vacuoles.c.It absorbs additional water through osmosis.b.It expels excess sodium using the sodium-potassium pump.d.It absorbs additional sodium through facilitated diffusion._B__32. (QC) A scientist places a cell in a solution, and over time the cell gains mass and swells. What is the most likely explanation for the cell’s gain in mass?a.The solution is hypertonic to the cell.c.The solution and the cell have equal concentrations of solutes.b.The solution is hypotonic to the cell.d.The solution and cell have equal concentrations of water._C__33. (QC) Biochemists have created an artificial cell membrane that they hope to insert into artificial red blood cells for future dehydration and transportation into outer space.When scientists stain natural cell membranes with a heavy metal, they can view the membranes with an electron microscope. The heavy metal stains the polar hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid membranes. If the artificial membranes resemble natural membranes, what area(s), when viewed under a microscope, would appear stained?(Note: Shading represents stains.)a.c.b.d._C__34. When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?a.only during interphasec.only during cell divisionb.only when they are being replicatedd.only during the G1 phase_C__35. When during the cell cycle is a cell’s DNA replicated?a.G1 phasec.S phaseb.G2 phased.Mitosis_A__36. The cell cycle is thea.series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.b.period of time between the birth and the death of a cell.c.time from prophase until cytokinesis.d.time it takes for one cell to undergo mitosis.Figure 10–2_A__37. The structure labeled A in Figure 10–2 is called thea.centromere.c.sister chromatid.b.centriole.d.spindle._C__38. The structures labeled B in Figure 10–2 are calleda.centromeres.c.sister chromatid.b.centrioles.d.spindles._C__39. Which of the following is a phase of mitosis?a.cytokinesisc.prophaseb.interphased.S phase_A__40. The first phase of mitosis is calleda.prophase.c.metaphase.b.anaphase.d.interphase._C__41. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?a.prophasec.metaphaseb.telophased.anaphase_A__42. Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?a.prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophaseb.interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophasec.interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophased.prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase_D__43. The two main stages of cell division are calleda.mitosis and interphase.c.the M phase and the S phase.b.synthesis and cytokinesis.d.mitosis and cytokinesis._B_44. During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containinga.two chromosomes.c.eight chromosomes.b.four chromosomes.d.sixteen chromosomes._B__45. In eukaryotic cells, the timing of the cell cycle is regulated bya.the centrioles.c.the spindles.b.cyclin.d.chromosomes._C__46. Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control theira.size.c.growth rate.b.spindle fibers.d.surface area._A__47. Cancer cells form masses of cells calleda.tumors.c.growth factors.b.cyclins.d.metaphases_A__48. Which event occurs during interphase?a.The cell grows.b.Centrioles move to opposite endsc.Spindle fibers begin to form.d.Centromeres split._A__49. The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is calleda.cell division.c.interphase.b.metaphase.d.anaphase.Figure 10–2_D__50. Cell division is represented in Figure 10-2 by the letter?a.A.c.C.b.B.d.D_B__51. Together, G1, S, and G2 are called _________________.a.prophasec.cytokinesisb.interphased.cell divisionFigure 10–5_C__52. The structure labeled X in picture A of Figure 10-5 is called _______.a.centromerec.Centriolesb.spindle fibersd.Chromatin_B__53. The structure labeled Y in picture A of Figure 10-5 is called ___________.a.centromerec.Centriolesb.spindle fibersd.Chromatin_B__54. What is the chromosome number of the cell shown in picture D of Figure 10- 5?a.2b.4c.6d.8_C__55. What do the pictures in Figure 10-5 represent?a.cell cycleb.cytokinesisc.mitosisd.interphase_D__56. Which diagram in Figure 10-5 occurs 1st?a.Ab.Bc.Cd.D_A__57. Which diagram in Figure 10-5 occurs 2nd?a.Ab.Bc.Cd.D_C__58. Which diagram in Figure 10-5 occurs 3rd?a.Ab.Bc.Cd.D_B__59. Which diagram in Figure 10-5 occurs last?a.Ab.Bc.Cd.D_B__60. A protein disk that attaches two chromatids to each other in a chromosome is called aa.chloroplast.c.gamete.b.centromere.d.centriole. ................
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