Overview of Photosynthesis
Overview of Photosynthesis
Section 8.2a
Photosynthesis & Producers
_______________ (autotrophs) use ___________ energy from the sun to produce their ____________ food
_________________________ = process that captures _____________ from sunlight to make ________________ that store _________________ energy
Photosynthesis
What do plants breathe?
________________
What do plants drink?
________________
Do plants need light?
________________
What do plants make?
______________________
What do plants give off?
_______________
6CO2 + 6H2O (((((( C6H12O6 + H2O
light, enzymes
Light and Pigments
_________________ (green pigment in __________________) absorbs some of the ____________ in visible light
____________ light (a.k.a. ____________ light) = ROY G BIV
chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b absorb mainly __________ and __________ light
plants look ____________ b/c they reflect ____________ light in the chlorophyll rather than _______________ it
light absorbed excites __________________ (e-) in chlorophyll
excited ________________ run photosynthesis
Photosynthesis & Chloroplasts
_________________-bound organelle
2 main parts
_________________
stacks of __________________
looks like a stack of _____________
_________________
space/fluid surrounding grana
photosynthesis occurs in 2 main stages
light-___________________ reactions (light _______________)
occurs across _________________ membrane
needs _______________ and ___________
light-_____________________ reactions (________ light required)
occurs in _____________
uses nrg from the light-___________________ reactions to make ___________
Rate of Photosynthesis
rate affected by ___________ intensity and ____________________
Steps of Photosynthesis
Section 8.2b
light
6CO2 + 6H2O ( C6H12O6 + 6O2
A. Light-Dependent Reactions (a.k.a. Light Reactions) – Occurs in Thylakoid
• Photosystem II – Makes ATP
1. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy from sun
2. Light splits water (EXPLOSION…BOOM!)
a. Oxygen (O2) is released (This is the O2 that animals need for respiration.)
b. Electrons (e-) are released (Electrons are the reason plants split water.)
c. Hydrogen ions (H+) are released (Electrons stolen from Hydrogen atoms.)
3. Light energy (absorbed by chlorophyll) charges up (energizes) the electrons.
4. Energized electrons are carried to the electron transport chain by Compound Q.
a. Electrons release energy is small manageable amounts.
5. Released energy used to form ATP.
• Photosystem I – Makes NADPH
6. Repeat steps 1, 3, and 4. (No need to split water again because electrons already present.)
7. Energy released is used to form NADPH.
a. NADPH is an energy rich molecule AND an electron carrier.
b. Picks up the H+ and e- from the split water molecule.
• PURPOSE OF LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS – MAKE ATP and NADPH
o This energy (ATP and NADPH) will be used in the Light-Independent Reactions to make glucose.
B. Light-Independent Reactions (a.k.a. Dark Reactions or Calvin Cycle) – Occurs in Stroma
1. Carbon Fixation – 6 CO2 + 6 5-carbon compounds = 12 3-carbon molecules (3-phosphoglycerate or 3-PGA)
2. ATP and NADPH supply the energy needed to turn 3-PGA into high-energy molecules called glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).
3. 2 G3P molecules leave Calvin Cycle to help produce glucose (C6H12O6).
4. Rubisco (an enzyme) turns the remaining 10 G3P into 5-carbon molecules called ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate (RuBP). RuBP combines with CO2 to keep the Calvin Cycle going.
• PURPOSE OF LIGHT-INDEPENDENT REACTIONS – MAKE GLUCOSE (C 6H12O6)
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