The Solar System

[Pages:4]Name

Date

The Solar System

Before You Read

Before you read the chapter, respond to these statements. 1. Write an A if you agree with the statement. 2. Write a D if you disagree with the statement.

Before You Read

The Solar System

? The planets of the solar system orbit Earth.

? Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the planets nearest the Sun.

? Uranus has no moons.

? Life as we know it is carbon-based and requires water for survival.

Construct the Foldable as directed at the beginning of this chapter.

Science Journal

Write a hypothesis about whether life exists beyond Earth, or even beyond the solar system. Write how you would test the hypothesis.

Accept all reasonable responses. A possible hypothesis is that life may exist somewhere else in the universe. The best way to test the hypothesis is to send spacecraft to other planets to look for living things.

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

The Solar System 375

Name

Date

The Solar System

Section 1 Planet Motion

Preview the What You'll Learn statements for Section 1. Predict

three topics that will be discussed in this section.

Accept all

1. models of the solar system

reasonable responses.

2. where each planet in the solar system is located compared with the Sun

3. characteristics of planets

Review Vocabulary Define ellipse to show its scientific meaning.

ellipse oblong, closed curve drawn around two foci

New Vocabulary Use your book to define the following terms.

geocentric model Earth-centered model of the solar system

heliocentric model Sun-centered model of the solar system

extrasolar planet planet in orbit around a star other than the Sun

Academic Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define sphere to show its scientific meaning.

sphere any round body having a surface equally distant from the center at all points

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

376 The Solar System

Name Section 1 Planet Motion (continued)

Date

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Models of the Solar System

I found this information

on page

.

FL SE, pp. 218SE, p. 950

RE, p. 546

FL RE, pp. 118?119

Compare and contrast the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system.

What it is

Geocentric Model

Heliocentric Model

Earth is at the center The Sun is at the center

of the solar system.

of the solar system.

Everything orbits Earth. Planets orbit the Sun.

Evidence that supported the model

Planets appear to move across the sky in a path around Earth.

Galileo observed that Venus goes through phases like Earth's Moon and that four moons orbit Jupiter.

Model

Ptolemy

devised by

Copernicus

Understanding the Solar System

I found this information

on page

.

FL SE, p. 220SE, p. 952

RE, p. 547

FL RE, p. 119

I found this information

on page

.

FL SE, p. 221SE, p. 953

RE, p. 548

FL RE, p. 120

Model the shape of the planets' orbits as described by Copernicus and Kepler. Write the name of each shape next to your drawing.

Copernicus

Kepler

circle

ellipse

Identify and describe three ways to classify the planets of the solar system. Accept all reasonable responses. 1. The planets can be classified by size and other characteristics

as terrestrial planets or jovian planets. Earth is considered a terrestrial planet. 2. The planets can be classified by location. Inner planets are those with orbits between the Sun and the asteroid belt. Outer planets are those with orbits beyond the asteroid belt. 3. Planets can be classified by location as inferior or superior. Inferior planets are those with orbits between Earth's orbit and the Sun. Superior planets are those beyond Earth's orbit.

The Solar System 377

Name Section 1 Planet Motion (continued)

Date

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Understanding the Solar System

I found this information

on page

.

FL SE, p. 221SE, p. 953

RE, pp. 548?549

FL RE, pp. 120?121

Other Solar Systems

I found this information

on page

.

FL SE, p. 221SE, p. 954

RE, p. 549

FL RE, p. 121

Complete the sentences in the sequence of events that led to the formation of the solar system.

1. A nebula began contracting about 4.6 billion years ago.

It might have been caused by a

large shock wave

.

2. The contracting nebula broke into

fragments

. The

fragment that became the solar system

rotated faster

,

causing it to flatten into

a disk with a dense center

.

3. Temperature rose near the

center

of the disk.

4.

Hydrogen

began to fuse to form helium.

5. The

Sun

formed.

6. Leftover matter in the cloud fragment formed the planets

and other objects of the solar system

.

Evaluate why scientists are eager to detect Earth-like planets around other stars. Accept all reasonable responses. Scientists are eager to learn whether Earth-like planets are common or rare in the galaxy. Such planets probably have conditions that are more appropriate for life than those of giant planets.

CONNECT IT Describe two ways to classify Mars according to its location. Name one way to classify Mars that shows it has characteristics similar to Earth's. Support your responses with details from the section. Accept all reasonable responses. Because it has an orbit between the Sun and the asteroid belt, Mars can be classified as an inner planet. Mars can also be classified as a superior planet because its orbit lies beyond that of Earth. Similarities in characteristics between Mars and Earth allow Mars to be classified as a terrestrial planet.

378 The Solar System

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