Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions



Unit 2: Study Guide

Study Notes, Homework, Quizzes

Read Ebook sections below!

2.1 and 2.2 Atoms and the Atomic Theory and Components of the Atom

[EBOOK Sections 4.1 to 4.2]

• Definitions of atoms, molecules, ions

• Lavoisier and Law of Conservation of Mass

• Proust and Law of Constant Composition

• Dalton and Atomic Theory and Law of Multiple Proportions

• Thomson—cathode ray tubes, electrons and plum pudding model

• Millikan and Oil Drop Experiment

• Rutherford—Gold Foil experiment and nucleus

Current View of Particles in the Nucleus:

[EBOOK Section 4.3]

• Mass, location and symbol for proton, neutron, electron

• Writing atomic symbols for isotopes

• Calculating atomic numbers, mass numbers & numbers of protons, neutrons, electrons for neutral atoms and ions

• Definition of atomic mass unit and atomic mass

• Calculations of atomic masses from isotopes (free-response problem)

2.3 The Periodic Table: Elements Organized

[EBOOK Sections 12.1 to 12.2 & Section 13]

A. Know location and description of:

• groups or families

• periods or series

• metals, metalloids, nonmetals and their properties

• main group elements

• transition metals

• lanthanoids and actinoids

B. Dmitri Mendeleev—first periodic table

C. Henry Moseley—modern periodic table

2.4 Molecules and Molecular Compounds

[EBOOK Sections 15.1 to 15.2, Sections 14.1 to 14.4]

• Definitions of molecule; empirical, molecular and structural formulas

• Definitions of cations, anions, polyatomic ions

• Electrostatic attraction in ionic compounds

Formulas/Names of Compounds (fill-in section)

• Binary Ionic Compounds—Know your –ide endings!

• Common polyatomic cations (See handout): Must memorize! ALL on handout EXCEPT PEROXIDE!!

• Metals with multiple oxidation numbers—Must know when to use the Stock System (Roman numerals)

• Molecular (Covalent) Compounds—Know your Greek prefixes 1-8!

FORMULA WRITING/NAMING WILL BE MIXED IONIC/COVALENT

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