What were “Jim Crow” laws



Context: Racial barriers existed all over the country after WWII. In the South, the laws officially supported segregation. Segregation is the enforced separation of races. Segregation became legal in the United States in 1896. In the North, African Americans and whites seldom associated with one another. The result was social isolation and a racially divided nation. After years of injustice and discrimination, the struggle for equality gained strength and became a mass movement in the early 1950s as it began to achieve major victories.

|The journey to Equality since 1865 |

|What are _______ ________? |Rights guaranteed to all Citizens (Constitution) |

|_____th Amendment |_____________Slavery |

| |Anyone born or naturalized in the USA is a citizen regardless of previous condition of _______________ |

|_____th Amendment | |

| |Extended right to ____________ to all citizens (male) |

|_____th Amendment | |

|Legacy of Reconstruction | |

|___________________ |A system for agriculture production in which a landowner allows a tenant to |

| |use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land. System limited the opportunities of |

| |African Americans and poor whites after the Civil War. |

|What were “Jim Crow Laws” | |

|The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v.|“__________ ____ ____________”- segregation was legal as long as the public places for each race were equal. |

|Ferguson established… |(1896) |

|What is segregation? |Legal separation based on _______. |

|How were African Americans |Facilities were segregated |

|discriminated against? |Job opportunities were limited/low paying |

| |Poll Taxes, Literacy tests |

| |Intimidation/Violence by the KKK/Lynching |

|How did this discrimination affect the |_____________________- massive movement of African Americans from the rural south to the urban north and |

|United States? |west, which peaked from the first world war through the Second World War |

| |____________________- the flowering of literary, visual, and performing arts that began in Harlem, New York |

| |City’s Black metropolis during the 1920s. |

|Who fought for African American Rights |_______________- An African American leader who wanted immediate political, civil and social equality for |

|during the Progressive Era? |African Americans at any cost |

| |NAACP-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People founded to overturn segregation, end |

| |lynching and achieve equal civil rights, the largest African American organization in the 20th Century. |

| | |

| |_______________- An African American leader who was willing to accept social segregation, believing that |

| |African Americans would achieve equality in time through education. |

| |Tuskegee Institute-Helped establish a college for African Americans to teach trade/vocational education |

|After years of injustice and discrimination, the struggle for equality gained strength. In the early 1950s, the growing movement soon began to |

|achieve major victories. The event that marks the beginning of the Modern Civil Rights Movement is the arrest of Rosa Parks. One year earlier a |

|young Civil Rights lawyer, Thurgood Marshall, and a concerned father saw the first major victory of the Civil Rights Movement. |

|Brown v. Board of Education (1954) | The Supreme Court case that overturned Plessy V. Ferguson. This court case officially _________________ |

| |public schools, though it will take many years for many schools (especially in the south) to comply. |

|Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus |Rosa Park’s refusal to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama sparked a local boycott which will |

|Boycott (1955) |gain strength and catapult a local preacher (_______________________ into a leadership role in this modern |

| |Civil Rights Movement. |

Wrapping it up!

During the early Civil Rights Movement (Reconstruction through 1954) how did American Ideals clash with the realities of the time?

In the modern Civil Rights Movement, how did American Ideals challenge injustice and confront conflict in order to create change?

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