EPSY 6325 THEORIES OF COUNSELING
EPSY 6325 THEORIES OF COUNSELING
STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2: Rogers, Existential, Gestalt
Rogers
• View of human nature: self-actualizing tendency, positive self- regard, internal locus of evaluation, experiencing
• Self-concept: definition and role – Characteristics of healthy personality
• Psychopathology: conditions of worth, incongruence, negative self-regard, self-concept versus ideal self
• Nature of the anxiety and defense mechanism; goals of therapy
• Therapy: empathy, positive self-regard, and genuineness:
• Interventions: paraphrasing, reflection of feeling
Existential
• Concept of man - phenomenological approach
• Source of psychic conflict: Psychodynamic versus existential approach
• Human conflict - the givens of existence (Death; Freedom-Responsibility; Isolation (Intra-personal, Inter-personal, and Existential); defenses related to anxiety generated by each given of existence; Boundary situation
• Mental Health; normal/existential anxiety versus neurotic anxiety; normal/existential guilt versus neurotic guilt.
• Purpose, process and content of therapy.
• Techniques: confrontation, here and now focus and use of the relationship for therapeutic purpose; paradoxical intention; situational reconstruction; compensatory self-improvement.
• Contributions and limitations.
Gestalt
• Emphasis of therapy on Gestalt approach (process vs. content, awareness, contact)
• Important concepts Gestalt: The Now, Unfinished business and Contact/Resistance to contact
• Role of therapist; focus of confrontation in therapy
• Resistance to Contact: Introjection, Projection, Retroflection, Deflection, Confluence
• Gestalt experiments: empty chair, internal dialogue, making the rounds (group counseling), exaggerating exercise, reversal exercise, staying with the feeling
• Contributions and limitations.
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