PART TWO - University of Arizona



PART TWO

Slide 1: Now that you are familiar with the basics of creating military symbology, we will begin creating actual symbols.

Slide 2: We ended part one by introducing the seven fields associated with the symbols; now we look at each field in detail.

Slide 3: Field one indicates the unit type, or the role the particular units plays on the battlefield. We combine symbols to show the exact function of units.

Slide 4: Unit symbol modifiers, used in field one, are combined with basic unit function symbols to portray a specific capability. In addition to the modifier symbols, text may be used inside the symbol frame to further clarify the symbol. We will cover four basic modifiers. REDO

Slide 5: The first modifier is airborne. When combined with other field one symbols, usually infantry, this indicates that unit has an airborne capability, such as the 82nd Airborne Division.

Slide 6: The second modifier is air assault. This modifier means the unit – including all of its equipment, can by moved by helicopter. An example of this would be the 101st Airborne Division, Air Assault.

Slide 7: The gun system modifier indicates the primary weapon system associated with the unit has a gun larger than 20mm. This is usually associated with infantry carriers, and it is important to note that the gun modifier is not used for tanks and artillery systems.

Slide 8: The final modifier indicates the unit is motorized. Usually combined with infantry units, motorized means trucks are the primary mode of transportation. We will demonstrate each of the modifiers as we view some possible examples of field one.

Slide 9: The reference for creating symbols is Chapter five of FM 1-02. Chapter five provides examples of over 200 possible entries for field one. We will cover only a few commonly used symbols. If you have question on how to create specific symbols not covered in this module, you should refer to chapter five.

Slide 10: Infantry units are designated by a X in the center of field one as shown here. The branch insignia for infantry is crossed rifles; one way to remember the infantry symbol for field one is that is that the X resembles the crossed rifles.

Slide 11: Here is our first chance to demonstrate the use of modifiers. Combined with the air assault modifier, infantry units can be shown to have an air assault capability. Remember that this means the unit and its equipment can be airlifted in helicopters.

Slide 12: Another possibility is the motorized modifier, meaning the infantry unit’s primary mode of transportation is trucks. You can see the importance of the proper use of modifiers – the speed and distance that air assault infantry can move is much faster that over infantry that primarily moves by trucks.

Slide 13: Another common entry for field one is the symbol for armored and tracked units. The symbol shown here is that for an armored unit equipped with tanks. Representing the tracks they move on, the symbol for tanks is an oval in the center of field one. Combined with other symbols, the track symbol can represent other armored vehicles.

Slide 14: For example, we previously discussed the infantry symbol…

Slide 15: Combining the infantry symbol with the armored symbol results in armored infantry, more commonly called mechanized infantry. This type of infantry moves in armored vehicles, such as the US Bradley.

Slide 16: Not all mechanized infantry vehicles moves on tracks; some move on wheels such as the US Stryker. In this case, the symbol is modified with three small wheels under the armored capability symbol.

Slide 17: Another common use of field one is artillery. It is represented by a circle in the center of field one as shown here. The circle represents a cannonball from old artillery pieces. This symbol by itself represents basic artillery with very little information known about the unit, however this is commonly used to represent towed artillery.

Slide 18: However, combined with the armored and tracked symbol, this now represents artillery that moves on tracks or Self Propelled Artillery. Self propelled means the piece of equipment can move under its own power.

Slide 19: Another type of artillery is multiple rocket launchers. These systems have the capability to launch many rockets out to extended ranges.

Slide 20: The symbol for MRL is shown here. The ball with two chevrons above it represents a Multiple Rocket Launcher, while the oval represents it moves on tracks.

Slide 21: Reconnaissance and scouts are another common field. Closely resembling the cavalry guidon, the symbol is a diagonal line running from the top right to the lower left.

Slide 22: Combined with the armored symbol, it created armored reconnaissance, or scouts that move in armored vehicles such as the M2 Bradley.

Slide 23: A common symbol related to scouts is listening post/observation post, referred to as LPs/OPs. The symbol showed here represents a generic LP/OP.

Slide 24: However, detailed information can be added to the generic LP/OP. This LP/OP is manned my reconnaissance soldiers as indicated by the diagonal line in the center of the symbol.

Slide 25: This LP/OP is manned by infantry soldiers, indicated by the crossed lines in the center of the symbol.

Slide 26: Another possibility for field one is that of anti-tank, units and equipment whose primary function is to destroy armored vehicles. The symbol in field one resembles the tip of the anti-tank shell.

Slide 27: Combined with the motorized modifier, this symbol indicated an anti-tank unit that’s primary mode of transportation is trucks.

Slide 28: Combined with the armored symbol, you get an anti-tank unit that moves on tracks and is armored.

Slide 29: This symbol in field one indicates air defense. Air defense units’ primary purpose is to shoot down enemy aircraft. The symbol represents the umbrella of air defense protection air defense units put over the battlefield. This symbol represents basic air defense when very little is known about the unit.

Slide 30: This symbol represents the air defense units that are based on missiles such as the shoulder fired Stinger or foreign produced SA-18.

Slide 31: This symbol represents air defense that is moves on tracks and has an armored chassis. An example of this would be the Russian produced 2S6.

Slide 32: This symbol represents Military Intelligence Units.

Slide 33: One function found within Military intelligence is Electronic Warfare, symbolized by EW in field one. Remember, chapter five of FM 1-02 is the reference to creating symbols. If you have questions on symbols that we did not cover, refer to chapter five.

Slide 34: Unit size, also called echelon, is indicated centered on the top of the basic symbol.

Slide 35: The symbol for team or crew.

Slide 36: Squads are shown as a solid dot on top of the symbol.

Slide 37: Section

Slide 38: Platoon

Slide 39: Company

Slide 40: However, not all units are called company. The exceptions are:

Slide 41: anti-tank…

Slide 42: artillery…

Slide 43: and air defense.

Slide 44: These are called batteries, not companies.

Slide 45: Battalion

Slide 46: Regiment or Group

Slide 47: Brigade

Slide 48: Division

Slide 49: Corps

Slide 50: There are other echelons, but these are the most common. There are no tricks in memorizing the echelon symbols, but is imperative that you use the correct echelon when designating these fields.

Slide 51: Field three is the Unique Designation. Think of the unique designation as the unit’s name. A specific unit is identified by use of numbers or letters.

Slide 52: This example of field three shows the friendly 2nd Infantry Brigade.

Slide 53: This example shows the enemy 7th Tank battalion.

Slide 54: Field four shows the unit chain of command. Shown for two echelons up, this field shows who the unit is subordinate to.

Slide 55: The Chain of Command data for the unit is placed to the LOWER RIGHT of the symbol. The Chain of Command data will show two echelons up from the original unit. The two higher echelons will be separated with a slash. The unit size will be placed at the top, unique designation in the middle, and unit type at the bottom. If any portion of the Chain of Command is unknown or unidentifiable, use a ? in that portion of the Chain of Command.

Slide 56: This symbol shows the friendly 3rd Mechanized Infantry Battalion, belonging to the 8th Mechanized Infantry Brigade, who in turn belongs to the 5th Mechanized Infantry Brigade.

Slide 57: This symbol shows the enemy 1st Mechanized Infantry Company, who belongs to the 3rd Mechanized Infantry Battalion. Nothing is known about who the 3rd mechanized Battalion belongs to. Notice that all three fields for 3rd Battalion’s parent is unknown and designated with question marks. This is the proper way to designate unknown entries for field four.

Slide 58: Field five is type of equipment the unit the unit is equipped with. If the type of equipment is not known, this field is left blank – a question mark is not necessary.

Slide 59: In these examples, the friendly 2nd Mechanized Infantry brigade is equipped with Bradley’s, and the enemy 7th Tank battalion is equipped with T-80 tanks.

Slide 60: Field six is the date time group, referred to as the DTG. The DTG is placed to the upper left of unit symbols. The DTG is the time the unit was sighted at its location, and can be updated as additional reports confirm the unit’s location.

Slide 61: This is an example of a complete date time group. It is composed of five parts. We will break each part down.

Slide 62: The first 2 digits indicate the DAY of the month the unit was sighted. IF the day is only one digit, for example the first day of the month, it is expressed as 01.

Slide 63: The next four digits are the MILITARY TIME of the sighting.

Slide 64: Following the military time is the time zone designator.

Slide 65: Following the time zone designator is the month

Slide 66: And finally the year.

Slide 67: Many times an abbreviated version of the complete date time group is used. The abbreviated version consists of the date, military time and the time zone designator. These examples show the friendly 2nd Mechanized Infantry brigade and the enemy 7th Tank battalion both sighted the 14th day of the month, at 2330 zulu.

Slide 68: The final field, field seven, shows if a unit has added to or taken away from it organic structure. If a unit has added to it structure it receives a plus sign next to its echelon in field two, and if has something taken away it receives a minus sign next to its echelon in field two.

Slide 69: In these examples, the friendly 3rd Mechanized Company has received an attachment, while the enemy 1st Mechanized Company has had an element taken away. The key with the friendly units is that they received more of the same type of equipment. The 3rd mechanized company received more mechanized infantry, most likely a platoon.

Slide 70: If a unit receives a different type of unit it is called task organized. If a unit is task organized it received a “top hat” over field two. Task organized means the unit received some type of unit that it didn’t have before. In this example, the friendly 3rd Mechanized infantry Company and the enemy 1st Mechanized Infantry Company received a type of unit they didn’t have before, most likely a tank platoon. In the US army a task organized company is called a company team while foreign task organized companies are called Company Detachment.

Slide 71: Friendly Task organized battalions are called task forces, and enemy task organized battalions are called Battalion Detachments.

Slide 72: This slide shows a friendly and enemy unit with all fields filled in. By know you should be able to identify them both.

Slide 73: In this part of the module we went over the seven fields in building unit symbols. Before we move on to the final section of the symbology module, there is a short quiz that will test how much you remember from this section.

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