UNIT 7 NEW FRANCE



UNIT 5 NEW FRANCESeven Years War/French and Indian Wars 1754-1763CausesGeneral CausesExplanationImperialismBritain wanted to expand its territory in North America as its population was growing and it needed more landFrance wanted to expand its territory in North America as it wanted to expand the fur tradeCausesExplanationFur TradeBritish and French wanted control of the fur trade in the area west of the Rocky Mountains and in the Ohio ValleyFarmlandBritish/Americans wanted to expand and gain farmland in area west of the Rocky Mountains and in the Ohio Valley while the French wanted to prevent American settlement into this areaFishing AreasBritish and French wanted control of the fishing areas in the AtlanticStrategic LocationBritish and French wanted control of Louisbourg, Halifax, and AcadiaSource: Crossroads p.55-57 and Canada Revisited - Chapter Four: Struggle for Control p.61 & 69British-French Conflict in North America32258010096500BattlesBattlesDescriptionJuly 1758LouisbourgSiegecapture Louisbourg to gain control of the entrance of St. Lawrence R. and then sail down river to attack QuebecJune British bombard the fortress from their ships for about 60 daysBritish land and bombard the fortressLouisbourg surrenders in July Ohio Valley 1758-1759Fort Frontenacand DuquenseFort Niagara and CarillonBritish control was necessary to reduce French influence in the Ohio ValleyBritish capture Fort Frontenac August 1758 and Fort Duquesne November 1758British capture Fort Niagara and Carillon (Ticonderoga) 1759Sept 13 1759Battle on the Plains of AbrahamGeneral James Wolfe bombards Quebec during July and AugustJuly British attempt to land on Beauport shore but failSeptember 13 British troops land on north shore and use a path at Anse aux Foulons to climb up the cliff to the Plains of AbrahamGeneral Montcalm meets British on the Plains of AbrahamFrench charge at British but British fire breaks their ranks and forces French to retreatBritish win Battle of the Plains of Abraham Wolf and Montcalm dieturning point in the warApril 28 1760Battle of Sainte-Foy (Second Battle on the Plains of Abraham)French army from Montreal attacks British at Quebec and defeat British forces who to retreat into the fortress of QuebecBritish reinforcements arrive via St. Lawrence R. prompting French army to retreat to MontrealSept 8 1760MontrealBritish army surrounds Montreal and Governor Vaudreuil surrendersBritish win the war Source: Canada Revisited - Chapter Four: Struggle for Control p.70-73 and Chapter 2: Struggle for a Continent p.63-67center15367000Major victories and losses before and during the Seven Years Warcenter20193000ConsequencesShort Term Effects/ConsequencesConsequencesDescriptionBritish military rule 1760-1763British army set up a temporary government > military governors appointed at Quebec, Montreal, Trois Rivieres British military rulers did not make any great changes to life in the colonyJesuits were forced to return to FranceFrench businessmen returned to France and were replaced by British merchants mostly from the Thirteen ColoniesNew France lost its main political, business, and religious leadersTreaty of Paris 1763France returned all of its possessions in New France and Acadia to BritainFrance kept islands of St. Pierre and MiquelonSource: Canada Revisited - Chapter Four: Struggle for Control p.78-79 and Chapter 2: Struggle for a Continent p.71Long Term Effects/ConsequencesRoyal Proclamation of 1763purpose/aim was to assimilate the French and make Quebec Britishit established a boundary along the Appalachian and recognized first nations title to the lands to the westCatholics not permitted to hold public office (government positions)British laws replaced French lawsrefer to p.82 Canada RevisitedQuebec Act 1774purpose/aim was to gain to loyalty of the Canadiens by promoting biculturalism and allowing the French and British ways doing things boundaries of Quebec extended government consisted of a governor and appointed council and include French-speaking CatholicsCatholic religion protectedFrench language protectedFrench civil law restoredrefer to p.84 Canada RevisitedSource: Crossroads - Chapter 2: Struggle for a Continent p.73-75 and Canada Revisited - Chapter Four: Struggle for Control p.82 & 844953008636000 ................
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