Type of Aphasia - University of Arizona



Type of Aphasia |Fluent or Nonfluent |Conversational Speech |Auditory comprehension |Repetition |Naming |Lesion Location | |

|Anomic Aphasia |fluent |Fluent, normal utterance length and |Good for everyday conversation, |preserved |Impairment is |Acute – outside perisylvian zona (angular gyrus or|

| | |well-formed sentences |difficulty with complex syntax | |hallmark |inferior temporal region), chronic- perisylvian |

| | | | | | |area, posterior tempolateral region |

|Conduction Aphasia |fluent |Fluent with normal utterance length |Good for casual conversation, |Impairment is hallmark, |Always impaired |Posterior perisylvian lesions affecting |

| | |but has paraphasias |difficult with complex syntax |good spontaneous speech, | |supramarginal gyrus in parietal lobe and arcuate |

| | | | |paraphasias during | |fasciculus |

| | | | |repetition | | |

|Transcortical sensory |fluent |Fluent with normal utterance length, |Significantly impaired |Preserved |Severely impaired |Extrasylvian regions involving POT junction |

|aphasia (TcSA) | |but semantic paraphasias, anomia | | | |region; posterior and deep to Wernicke’s area; |

| | | | | | |sensory info doesn’t reach language areas |

|Wernicke’s aphasia |Fluent |Fluent, easily articulated speech of |Severely impaired at single-word |Significantly defective, |Paraphasic and |Large posterior perisylvian lesions encompassing |

| | |normal utterance length, semantic and|level, difficulty with complex |cannot even repeat single |severe anomia |Wernicke’s area and extending superiorly into |

| | |phonemic paraphasias, verbal output |syntax and multi-step commands, |words | |inferior parietal region |

| | |excessive and rapid but empty |unaware of inability to produce | | | |

| | | |coherent speech | | | |

|Transcortical motor aphasia|Nonfluent |Little attempt to produce spontaneous|Good for most conversational |Preserved, but absence of |Relatively preserved|Extrasylvian regions of left frontal lobe; |

|(TcMA) | |speech, mute, speech is reduced in |interaction, difficulty with |spontaneous speech | |dorsolateral frontal lesions located anterior or |

| | |length |complex syntax | | |superior to Broca’s area, supplementary motor |

| | | | | | |areas, cingulate gyrus |

|Broca’s aphasia |Nonfluent |Slow, halting speech production, |Good for conversational speech, |Limited to single words |Impaired to some |Broca’s area causes transient disruption of speech|

| | |utterances are of reduced length with|difficulty with complex syntax |and short phrases |degree, especially |production and fluency; persistent Broca’s aphasia|

| | |simple grammar | | |for low frequency |from larger perisylvian lesions encompassing more |

| | | | | |words |of the left frontal lobe |

|Type of Aphasia |Fluent or Nonfluent |Conversational Speech |Auditory comprehension |Repetition |Naming |Lesion Location |

|Mixed transcortical aphasia|nonfluent |Meaningful verbal expression is |Markedly impaired at single-word |Preserved, although |Significantly |Diffuse/mulitfocal lesions resulting in anatomic |

|(MTcA), isolation syndrome | |severely limited or absent, |level |repetition occurs without |impaired |isolation of perisylvian language from surrounding|

|( perisylvian zone | |inappropriate repetition of what | |comprehension | |cortical areas (periphery of middle cerebral |

|disconnected from | |other say | | | |artery distribution) |

|extrasylvian regions | | | | | | |

|Global aphasia |Nonfluent |Slow, halting speech production, |Reduced to the extent that |Defective and single words|Severely impaired |Extensive and involve the entire left perisylvian |

| | |single words |single-word comprehension is |may not be repeated | |language zone; common cause is embolic occlusion |

| | | |impaired |accurately | |of the main stem of the middle cerebral artery |

Other Aphasias

- subcortical regions include thalamic aphasia, basal ganglia aphasia, surrounding white matter aphasia

- associated with dementia; Alzheimer’s disease ( language deterioration follows progressive course beginning with anomic aphasia ( transcortical sensory aphasia ( Wernicke’s aphasia ( global aphasia

- primary progressive aphasia (PPA) ( progressive language deterioration without significant dementia

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