Biology 12 Chapter 16 Excretion and Chapter 21 ...



Biology 12 Excretion and Reproduction

Potential Written Test Questions

1. Compare the sexual anatomy of human males with the sexual anatomy of human females with respect to the structure and function of gonads, gametes, ducts, and accessory glands.

2. Describe the pathway that a sperm travels from site of spermatogenesis to site of ejaculation.

3. Describe the pathway that an ovum travels from site of oogenesis to site of potential implantation.

4. Describe the primary and secondary sexual characteristics of males. Name the glands and their respective hormones that are involved in promoting and maintaining male sexual characteristics. Illustrate how this is a homeostatic mechanism.

5. Describe the primary and secondary sexual characteristics of females. Name the glands and their respective hormones that are involved in promoting and maintaining female sexual characteristics. Illustrate how this is a homeostatic mechanism.

6. Name the molecular components of seminal fluid and state a function for each molecule in the reproductive system.

7. Describe the idealized 28 day ovarian/ uterine cycle in human females. Include the structural changes in the ovaries and the structural changes in the uterus over the 28 day cycle, and describe the cyclic fluctuations in FSH, LH, progesterone and estrogen levels.

8. Describe the immediate events that happen in the human female after the sperm has fertilized the ovum. Include the origin, structure and function of the placenta; the role of HCG; and the changes in the ovarian/ uterine cycle.

9. Name four organs of the excretory system, their respective products and the name of the process that forms the product in the human body.

10. Name four organs of the urinary system and describe their respective structure and function.

11. Describe in detail the four homeostatic functions of the human kidney.

12. Describe in detail the process of pressure filtration, focusing on structures and functions in the human urinary and circulatory systems.

13. Describe in detail the process of selective reabsorption, focusing on structures and functions in the human urinary and circulatory systems.

14. Describe in detail the process of tubular excretion, focusing on structures and functions in the human urinary and circulatory systems.

15. Describe in detail the process of urine concentration, focusing on structures and functions in the human urinary and circulatory systems.

16. Name, state the location of, and briefly describe the purpose of each of the four stages of urine formation.

17. In response to low water volume in the blood, describe the homeostatic process that the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland will engage in to raise water volume in the blood.

18. In response to low blood pressure, describe the homeostatic process that the kidney and adrenal cortex will engage in to raise blood volume and therefore blood pressure.

19. In response to high blood pressure, describe the homeostatic process that the atria of the heart, kidney and adrenal cortex will engage in to lower blood volume and therefore blood pressure.

20. Describe in detail how the counter-current mechanism works in the ascending and descending loop of Henle with respect to the reabsorption of water out of the nephron and into the blood vessel.

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