Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas ...



Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory: March 2020Incorporating preliminary estimates of emissions up to June 2020left54948100Australia’s National Greenhouse Accounts? Commonwealth of Australia 2020Ownership of intellectual property rightsUnless otherwise noted, copyright (and any other intellectual property rights, if any) in this publication is owned by the Commonwealth of Australia.Creative Commons licenceAttribution CC BYAll material in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence, save for content supplied by third parties, logos, any material protected by trademark or otherwise noted in this publication, and the Commonwealth Coat of Arms.Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence is a standard form licence agreement that allows you to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this publication provided you attribute the work. A summary of the licence terms is available from full licence terms are available from contained herein should be attributed as Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory: March 2020, Australian Government Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources.DisclaimerThe Australian Government as represented by the Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources has exercised due care and skill in the preparation and compilation of the information and data in this publication. Notwithstanding, the Commonwealth of Australia, its officers, employees, or agents disclaim any liability, including liability for negligence, loss howsoever caused, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of accessing, using or relying upon any of the information or data in this publication to the maximum extent permitted by law. No representation expressed or implied is made as to the currency, accuracy, reliability or completeness of the information contained in this publication. The reader should rely on their own inquiries to independently confirm the information and comment on which they intend to act. This publication does not indicate commitment by the Australian Government to a particular course of action.PrefaceThe Quarterly Update provides estimates of Australia’s national inventory of greenhouse gas emissions up to the March quarter of 2020, and preliminary estimates of emissions up to the June quarter 2020.Emissions for the year to March 2020 are estimated to be 528.7?Mt?CO2-e, down 1.4?per?cent or 7.7?Mt?CO2-e on the previous year. Ongoing reductions in emissions from electricity (4.2?per cent or 7.6?Mt?CO2-e) and the lingering effects of last year’s drought on agriculture (5.5?per?cent or 4.0 Mt?CO2-e) dominated increases in other sectors, including from total export industries, which increased by 1.9?per?cent (3.9 Mt CO2-e), mainly reflecting increases in LNG exports (up?11.1?per?cent to 79 Mt of liquefied gas).National emission levels for the March quarter 2020 were unchanged on the previous quarter, on a seasonally adjusted and weather normalised basis. Australia’s emissions have declined 16.7?per?cent since the peak in the year to June 2007. The year to March emissions were 3.1?per cent below emissions for the year to June in 2000 and 14.3?per?cent below emissions in the year to June 2005 ( REF _Ref46344939 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure P1).In the year to March 2020, emissions per capita and the emissions intensity of the economy were at their lowest levels in 30 years. Emissions per capita were lower than 1990 by 42.9?per?cent while the emissions intensity of the economy was 64.2?per?cent lower than in 1990. Figure P SEQ Figure_P \* ARABIC 1: Emissions, by quarter, March 2005 to March 2020 Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesSource: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesPreliminary estimates indicate that total emissions in the June quarter 2020 were around 124 Mt CO2-e. Emissions were preliminarily estimated to be lower than in the June quarter 2019 by 8 per cent or by 10 Mt CO2-e, as a result of lower emissions from electricity generation and lower emissions from the combustion of fuels in other sectors (stationary energy and transport). Emissions from the National Electricity Market (NEM) decreased 1.6 per cent on a seasonally adjusted and weather normalised basis in June compared with the previous quarter. Emissions from the NEM are down 5.2 per cent over the year to June compared with the same period to June 2019. Contents TOC \o "1-2" \h \z \u Preface PAGEREF _Toc46848525 \h 31.Overview PAGEREF _Toc46848526 \h 62.Sectoral Analysis PAGEREF _Toc46848530 \h 122.1.Energy – Electricity PAGEREF _Toc46848531 \h 122.2.Energy – Stationary energy excluding electricity PAGEREF _Toc46848532 \h 142.3.Energy – Transport PAGEREF _Toc46848533 \h 152.4.Energy – Fugitive emissions PAGEREF _Toc46848534 \h 162.5.Industrial processes and product use PAGEREF _Toc46848535 \h 172.6.Agriculture PAGEREF _Toc46848536 \h 182.7.Waste PAGEREF _Toc46848537 \h 192.8.Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry PAGEREF _Toc46848538 \h 203.Emissions per capita and per dollar of GDP PAGEREF _Toc46848539 \h 224.Consumption-based national greenhouse gas inventory PAGEREF _Toc46848540 \h 235.Technical notes PAGEREF _Toc46848541 \h 266.Data tables PAGEREF _Toc46848556 \h 347.Related publications and resources PAGEREF _Toc46848558 \h 50OverviewTable SEQ Table \* ARABIC 1: National Greenhouse Gas Inventory , March quarter 2020, rates of changeMarch quarter 2020Year to March 2020Quarterly change – seasonally adjusted and weather normalised-0.0%Quarterly change – seasonally adjusted and weather normalised – trend4-0.1%Annual Change-1.4%Table SEQ Table \* ARABIC 2: National Electricity Market (NEM) , June quarter 2020, rates of changeJune quarter 2020Year to June 2020Quarterly change – seasonally adjusted and weather normalised4-1.6%Quarterly change – seasonally adjusted and weather normalised – trend4-1.5%Annual Change-5.2%Summary of emissions in the March quarter 2020National emissions for the March quarter 2020 were unchanged on the previous quarter, on a seasonally adjusted and weather normalised basis. Emissions declined by 0.1 per cent or 0.2 Mt CO2-e in trend terms ( REF _Ref6217146 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 1?and? REF _Ref7682224 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 2).Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1: Emissions2, by quarter, March 2010 to March 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesFigure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 2: Change in emissions, by quarter, March 2010 to March 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesOn a seasonally adjusted basis, there was an ongoing reduction in electricity emissions (1.4?per?cent or 0.6?Mt?CO2-e). Increases in emissions were seen in stationary energy (1.8 per cent or 0.5 Mt CO2-e), fugitives (1.5 percent or 0.2 Mt CO2-e), while agriculture, industrial processes, and waste sectors were unchanged.Trend emissions ( REF _Ref6217398 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 3) declined in the March quarter by 0.1 per cent or 0.2 Mt CO2-e. Decreases in emissions in the electricity, fugitives, industrial processes and agriculture sectors were partially offset by increases in the stationary energy and transport sectors.Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 3: Trend emissions, by quarter, March 2010 to March 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesSummary of annual emissionsEmissions for the year to March 2020 are estimated to be 528.7 Mt?CO2-e. The 1.4?per?cent or 7.7?Mt?CO2-e decrease in emissions over the year to March reflects annual decreases in emissions from the electricity, transport, industrial processes and agriculture sectors. These decreases in emissions were partially offset by increases in emissions from stationary energy, fugitive, and land use, land use change and forestry sectors ( REF _Ref47614366 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table 3). Table SEQ Table \* ARABIC 3: ‘Actual’ annual emissions, by sector, for the year to March 2019 and 2020SectorAnnual emissions (Mt CO2-e)Change (%)Year to March 2019Year to March 2020Energy – Electricity180.5172.9-4.2Energy – Stationary energy excluding electricity100.0102.72.7Energy – Transport100.199.7-0.4Energy – Fugitive emissions55.755.80.2Industrial processes and product use34.834.6-0.6Agriculture72.068.0-5.5Waste13.013.11.0Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry-19.7-18.18.0National Inventory Total536.4528.7-1.4Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 4: Share of total emissions, by sector, for the year to March 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesOver the year to March 2020 there were decreases in emissions from the electricity, transport, agriculture and industrial processes sectors. The 4.2?per?cent decrease in emissions from the electricity sector is mainly due to a 5.5?per?cent reduction in coal generation, and a corresponding 12.2?per?cent increase in supply from renewable sources in the NEM. Transport emissions decreased 0.4?per?cent over the year to March reflecting a 2.1?per?cent decrease in petrol consumption. The 5.5?per?cent decline in emissions from the agriculture sector reflects the continuing effects of the recent drought which led to a decline in livestock populations and fertiliser use.Emissions from total export industries increased 1.9?per?cent (3.9 Mt CO2-e), mainly reflecting the increases in LNG exports, up?11.1?per?cent to 79 Mt of liquefied gas. The increases in LNG exports contributed 1.3?Mt?CO2-e to the 2.7?Mt?CO2-e increase in stationary energy (excluding electricity) emissions. Net fugitive emissions from LNG production declined over the same period due to CO2 injection in Western Australia.Sectoral trends since 1990Australia’s emissions in the year to March 2020 were 528.7 Mt?CO2-e, which is 14.4?per?cent (88.9?Mt?CO2-e) lower than in the year to March 1990.In percentage terms, the transport sector has experienced the largest increase between 1990 and the year to March 2020 (62.4?per?cent or 38.3?Mt?CO2-e). Other sectors for which emissions have increased since 1990 include:fugitive emissions (49.4?per?cent or 18.5?Mt?CO2-e)- where emissions were relatively stable until 2015 when emissions increased strongly as a result of the growth of the LNG industry;stationary energy excluding electricity (56.1?per?cent or 36.9?Mt?CO2-e); electricity (33.4?per?cent or 43.3?Mt?CO2-e)- where emissions had been increasing steadily to a peak in 2009 followed by a decline due primarily to the increasing generation from renewable sources; and,industrial processes and product use (32.9?per?cent or 8.6?Mt?CO2-e).In contrast, the waste and agriculture sectors have each decreased in emissions since 1990. Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) emissions have decreased by the largest margin of any sector since 1990 (109.4?per?cent or 210.8?Mt?CO2-e).The changes in emissions from each sector from the year to March 1990 to 2020 in percentage terms are presented in REF _Ref7625151 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 5.Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 5: Percentage change in emissions, by sector, since year to March 1990Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesPreliminary estimates of emissions in the June quarter 2020Preliminary estimates indicate that total emissions in the June quarter 2020 were around 124 Mt CO2-e. Emissions were lower by 8 per cent or 10 Mt CO2-e on the June quarter 2019. The June quarter estimate reflects the combined impacts of reductions in emissions from fuel combustion in the electricity sector, COVID related restrictions on movement affecting liquid fuels consumption offset to some extent by a resilience in the industrial sectors of the inventory.Emissions from the combustion of fuels in the generation of electricity are lower by 5.4 per cent or 2.4 Mt CO2-e on the June quarter 2019. The ongoing transition to renewable generation accounts for most of this trend. Metered demand in June 2020 was only 1.4 per cent lower than June 2019 suggesting the impact of COVID on the electricity sector has been relatively minor.Emissions from the combustion of fuels in other sectors (stationary energy and transport) are lower by 13.2 per cent or 6.7 Mt CO2-e in the June quarter 2020 than in the June quarter 2019. The impacts of COVID restrictions on the key fuels are evident in REF _Ref47455517 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 6. Emissions from diesel consumption were lower by 6.8 per cent or 1.3 Mt CO2-e in the June quarter 2020 than in the June quarter 2019; emissions from petrol consumption were lower by 26.7 per cent or 2.8 Mt CO2-e over the same period; and jet fuel emissions, the most significantly impacted by COVID restrictions, were lower by 79 per cent or 1.6 Mt CO2-e in the June quarter 2020 than in the June quarter 2019. Gaseous fuel emissions were unchanged on the previous June quarter.These results show that the impacts COVID restrictions were felt most notably in the transport sector, with industrial sectors impacted only to a small degree. Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 6: Electricity and select liquid fuels emissions, by month, 2019 and 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesThese results show that the impacts COVID restrictions were felt most notably in the transport sector, with industrial sectors impacted only to a small degree.Preliminary estimates of total emissions for the year to June 2020 are as low as 518 Mt CO2-e. If confirmed, this estimate would represent the lowest level of emissons observed since 1998. The official publication of the June Quarterly Update of the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory is scheduled for late November 2020.Sectoral AnalysisEnergy – ElectricityElectricity generation is the largest source of emissions in the national inventory, accounting for 32.7?per?cent of emissions in the year to March 2020 ( REF _Ref6987211 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 4).Electricity sector emissions are experiencing a long term decline, down 18.3?per?cent (38.8?Mt?CO2-e) from the peak recorded in the year to June 2009 (Data Table 1A).Electricity sector emissions decreased 1.4?per?cent in the March quarter of 2020 on a ‘seasonally adjusted and weather normalised’ basis ( REF _Ref47516335 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 7). This reflected an increase of 4.4 per cent in renewable generation and a corresponding decline in coal and gas generation (0.9 per cent and 10.4 per cent). Over the year to March 2020, emissions from electricity decreased 4.2?per?cent compared with the year to March 2019.Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 7: Electricity sector emissions, by quarter, March 2010 to March 2020National Electricity Market (NEM) emissionsEmissions in the NEM for the June quarter 2020 decreased 1.6?per?cent on a seasonally adjusted and weather normalised basis compared with the previous quarter ( REF _Ref47516386 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 8). Emissions from the NEM account for around 80?per?cent of national electricity emissions.Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 8: NEM electricity emissions, by quarter, June 2010 to June 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources, Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO, 2020), obtained using NEM-Review softwareFor the June 2020 quarter, generation from renewables increased 0.9 per cent in trend terms ( REF _Ref47516418 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 9). This was due to increases in wind, hydro and solar generation.Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 9: Change in electricity generation in the NEM (trend), by fuel, by quarter, March 2010 to March 2020left310938300 Source: Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO, 2020), obtained using NEM-Review softwareEnergy – Stationary energy excluding electricity Stationary energy excluding electricity includes emissions from direct combustion of fuels, predominantly from the manufacturing, mining, residential and commercial sectors. In the year to March 2020, stationary energy excluding electricity accounted for 19.4 per?cent of Australia’s national inventory ( REF _Ref6987211 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 4).Emissions from stationary energy excluding electricity in the March quarter of 2020 increased 1.2?per?cent in trend terms compared with the December quarter of 2019. Emissions over the year to March 2020, increased by 2.6?per?cent in trend terms when compared with the previous year ( REF _Ref47515494 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 10). This was driven primarily by an 11.1?per?cent increase in LNG exports in the year to March 2020 ( REF _Ref47515566 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 11).Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 10: Stationary energy excluding electricity emissions and energy industries excluding electricity, by quarter, March 2010 to March 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesFigure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 11: LNG exports, by quarter, March 2010 to March 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesEnergy – TransportThe transport sector includes emissions from the direct combustion of fuels in transportation by road, rail, domestic aviation and domestic shipping. The main fuels used for transport are automotive gasoline (petrol), diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and aviation turbine fuel.In the year to March 2020, transport accounted for 18.9 per cent of Australia’s national inventory (Figure 4).Emissions in the March 2020 quarter increased 0.2 per cent in trend terms on the December quarter 2019 ( REF _Ref47515445 \h Figure 12).Nevertheless, emissions from transport over the year to March 2020 decreased by 0.4 per cent when compared with the previous year in trend terms. This decline in transport emissions was the result of a 2.6 per cent annual decline in petrol consumption in trend terms.The past ten years have seen a decrease in the consumption of petrol (including ethanol-blended) of 8.1 per cent and a strong increase in diesel consumption of 64.5 per cent ( REF _Ref47516459 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 13). Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 12: Transport emissions, actual and trend, by quarter, March 2010 to March 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesFigure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 13: Consumption of primary liquid fuels, actual and trend, by quarter, March 2010 to March 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesEnergy – Fugitive emissionsFugitive emissions occur during the production, processing, transport, storage, transmission and distribution of fossil fuels. These include coal, crude oil and natural gas. Emissions from decommissioned underground coal mines are also included in this sector.Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 14: Fugitive emissions, actual and trend, by sub-sector, by quarter March 2010 to March 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesFugitive?emissions in the March quarter decreased by 1.3?per cent in trend terms.Total gas production increased 0.4?per cent in the March 2020 quarter, while LNG exports increased 1.3%. The increasing ramp up of underground carbon dioxide injection from the Gorgon project during the March quarter acted to reduced fugitive emissions from the crude oil and natural gas sub-sector. A 6.7?per?cent decrease in coal production in the March quarter also contributed to the decrease in overall?fugitive?emissions.Nevertheless, annual emissions in this sector increased 0.2?per?cent over the year to March 2020 ( REF _Ref47516500 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 14). Industrial processes and product useEmissions from industrial processes and product use occur as the result of by-products of materials and reactions used in production processes. This sector includes emissions from processes used to produce chemical, metal, and mineral products. It also includes emissions from the consumption of synthetic gases.In the year to March 2020, industrial processes and product use accounted for 6.5?per?cent of Australia’s national inventory ( REF _Ref6987211 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 4). In actual terms, emissions declined 0.6 percent or 0.2 Mt CO2-e over the year to March 2020 ( REF _Ref47516519 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 15).Trend emissions for industrial processes and product use decreased 0.2 per?cent in the March quarter on the previous quarter.Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 15: Industrial processes and product use emissions, actual, by sub-sector, by quarter, March 2010 to March 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesAgricultureEmissions from agriculture include methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions are estimated for enteric fermentation and manure management in livestock. They are also estimated for rice cultivation, agricultural soils and field burning of agricultural residues. Carbon dioxide emissions are reported from the application of urea and lime.In the year to March 2020, agriculture accounted for 12.9 per?cent of Australia’s national inventory( REF _Ref6987211 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 4). Emissions from agriculture have decreased by 5.5 per?cent over the year to March 2020 ( REF _Ref47516552 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 16).Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 16: Agriculture emissions, trend, by quarter, March 2010 to March 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesAlthough drought conditions have eased in the March quarter 2020, cattle and sheep herds are yet to rebound. The lack of feed available during the drought led to elevated levels of turn-off of both sheep and cattle resulting in a contraction in the Australian national herd and flock - forecast to reach its lowest levels since the early 1990s in 2020. As conditions continue to improve, herds are expected to be restocked.There has been some rebound in crop production in the March quarter 2020, however wheat production is yet to recover which offsets any gains made in the sector. Due to more favourable climatic conditions, crop production should continue to increase during 2020, with wheat production forecast to approach the record highs of 2016-17.WasteThe waste sector includes emissions from landfills, wastewater treatment, waste incineration and the biological treatment of solid waste. Emissions largely consist of methane, which is generated when organic matter decays under anaerobic conditions.In the year to March 2020, waste accounted for 2.5?per?cent of Australia’s national inventory ( REF _Ref6987211 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 4).Emissions from waste increased 1.0 per cent (0.1 Mt CO2-e) over the year to March 2020 ( REF _Ref47516582 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 17). Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 17: Waste emissions, actual, by sub-sector, by quarter, March 2010 to March 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesLand Use, Land Use Change and ForestryThe Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector of the national inventory includes estimates of net anthropogenic emissions for forests and agricultural lands and changes in land use.In the year to March 2020, the LULUCF sector accounted for -3.4 per cent of Australia’s national inventory – a net sink (Figure 4). Net emissions for the LULUCF sector in the year to March 2020 are estimated to be -18.1 Mt CO2-e ( REF _Ref47516614 \h Figure 18). This net sink has shrunk by 8.0 per cent (1.6 Mt CO2-e) on the previous twelve months due to contractions in the recent rate of replanting (Table 3).Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 18: LULUCF net anthropogenic emissions, by sub-sector, year to March, 1990 to 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesEmissions per capita and per dollar of GDPIn the year to March 2020 emissions per capita, and the emissions intensity of the economy are at their lowest levels in 30 years. National inventory emissions per capita were 20.8 t CO2-e per person in the year to March 2020. This represents a 42.9 per cent decline in national inventory emissions per capita from 36.3 t CO2-e in the year to March 1990.Over the period from 1989-90 to March 2020, Australia’s population grew strongly from 17.0 million to around 25.6 million,. This reflects growth of 50.4 per cent. Australia’s real GDP (chain volume measures) also experienced significant growth over this period, expanding from $0.8 trillion in 1990 to around $1.9 trillion in the year to March 2020. This represents a growth of 140.4 per cent.National inventory emissions per dollar of real GDP fell from 0.8 kg CO2-e per dollar in the year to March 1990 to 0.3 kg CO2-e per dollar in the year to March 2020 ( REF _Ref47516649 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 19). This represents a decline of 64.2 per cent from the year to March 1990.Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 19: Emissions per capita and per dollar of real GDP, actual, year to March 1990 to 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesConsumption-based national greenhouse gas inventoryTable SEQ Table \* ARABIC 4: Consumption-based national greenhouse gas inventory, March quarter and year to March 2020, emissions growth ratesMarch quarter 2020Year to March 2020Quarterly change – seasonally adjusted-0.1%Quarterly change – seasonally adjusted– trend180.9%Annual Change-3.4%The consumption account estimates the impacts on emissions in Australia and in other countries due to Australian consumption or demand. On a seasonally adjusted basis, Australia’s consumption-based inventory was slightly lower relative to the previous quarter (0.1 per cent or 0.1 Mt CO2-e). However, emissions increased in trend terms ( REF _Ref47516680 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 20).On an annual basis, the preliminary consumption-based inventory decreased by 3.4 per cent or 15.4 Mt CO2-e to 435.2 Mt CO2 e in the year to March 2020, reflecting declining emissions from consumption of imports (down 2.2 per cent) and also a decline in the emissions associated with the consumption of domestically produced goods. Emissions in the national greenhouse gas inventory are increasingly associated with the production of goods for export—emissions that are not included in the consumption-based inventory. The share of national greenhouse gas inventory emissions that are associated with domestic consumption was 61.4 per cent in the year to March 2020, down from 62.6 per cent over the preceding four quarters.Household consumption was the most significant contributor at 318.7 Mt CO2-e (or 73.2 per cent of total consumption emissions), followed by government final consumption emissions of 51.0 Mt CO2-e (or 11.7 per cent of total consumption emissions). When combined with gross fixed capital formation from government and public corporations, the Government sector was responsible for emissions of 74.6 Mt CO2-e (or 17.1 per cent of consumption-based emissions across the economy) (Table 5).Emissions generated by Australian consumption are 111.0 Mt CO2-e or 20.3 per cent lower compared to the year to March 2005. The analysis also shows that the emissions generated to support Australia’s consumption are less than those reported as the (production-based) national greenhouse gas inventory by 93.6 Mt CO2-e or 17.7 per cent in the year to March 2020 ( REF _Ref47516711 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 21).Consumption-based emissions are approximately 17.1 tonnes per person, which is around 3.7 tonnes per person less than the per capita emission calculation using the national greenhouse gas inventory.Table SEQ Table \* ARABIC 5: Consumption-based national greenhouse gas inventory, year to March 2020, by sectorConsumption-based inventory sectorYear to March 2020Household consumption318.7Government consumption51.0Fixed capital - Govt & Public corporations23.6Private fixed capital88.0Change in inventoriesa-46.1Total consumption-based inventory435.2Includes carbon sequestered in forests and plantations available to be utilised in wood and paper production in the future.Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 20: National Greenhouse Gas and Consumption-based inventories, Australia, by quarter, March 2005 to March 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesFigure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 21: Global emissions generated during production of Australia’s imports and exports, by quarter, March 1990 to March 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesTechnical notesQuarterly CoverageThe Quarterly Update uses emissions estimates based on our United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) inventory time series to better support implementation of Australia’s 2030 target. This UNFCCC inventory will be used to track progress towards Australia’s commitment to reduce emissions levels by 2030 under the Paris Agreement.International guidelinesThe Quarterly Update has been prepared in accordance with the international guidelines agreed for use for the Paris Agreement including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 Guidelines for the Preparation of National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and, where applicable, the 2019 IPCC Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The Quarterly Update reports on the national inventory with the application of the IPCC’s natural disturbances provision since the Government indicated in its 2015 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) submission that it would meet its emission reduction commitments using this provision.The national inventory prepared without the application of the natural disturbances provision will be reported in the Australian Government’s National Inventory Report submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat each year between 15 April and 27 May. This submission will provide full details of estimates of annual emissions from bushfires and sequestration from subsequent biomass recovery.Greenhouse gasesEmissions are expressed in terms of tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents using the Global Warming Potential (GWP) weighting factors indicated in Table 6. GWPs have been used for each of the major greenhouse gases to convert them to carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-e). As greenhouse gases vary in their radiative activity and in their atmospheric residence time, converting emissions into CO2-e allows the integrated effect of emissions of the various gases to be compared. The GWPs used in this Report were the 100-year GWPs contained in the 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report of Climate Science (IPCC 2007), by international agreement.For the period starting with the 2020-21 financial year, the Department will adopt the GWPs sourced from the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, in accordance with the terms of the Paris Agreement.Table SEQ Table \* ARABIC 6: Major greenhouse gases covered by the Quarterly UpdateMajor greenhouse gases4th Assessment Report GWP5th Assessment Report GWPCarbon dioxide (CO2)11Methane (CH4)2528Nitrous oxide (N2O)298265Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)Various (refer to 4th Assessment Report)Various (refer to 5th Assessment Report)Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)Various (refer to 4th Assessment Report)Various (refer to 5th Assessment Report)Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)22,80023,500Australia’s emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) are considered negligible and are not estimated.Quarterly methodology and growth ratesEmission estimates have been compiled by the Department using the estimation methodologies incorporated in the Australian Greenhouse Emissions Information System (AGEIS) and documented in the National Inventory Report.The estimates are calculated using the latest national inventory data and indicators from external data sources (listed in Section REF _Ref7184438 \r \h \* MERGEFORMAT 7.6). These data are used to determine growth rates, which are applied to estimate quarterly emissions growth.Quarterly growth rates are calculated as the percentage change between the estimates for the previous quarter and the current quarter. Annual growth rates are calculated as the percentage change between the estimates for the twelve months to the end of the equivalent quarter in the previous year, and the twelve months to the end of the current quarter.RecalculationsPeriodic recalculations of the quarterly emission estimates are undertaken as more complete and accurate information becomes available, and in response to changes in estimation methods and international reporting requirements. Future changes to estimation methods will likely reflect progressive implementation of the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines; updates to estimation methods in the land and fugitive emissions sectors; and updates to indicators used to estimate emissions in the stationary energy sector.Recalculations are designed to comply with international guidelines, are estimated on a time series consistent basis and are subject to annual international expert review.Recalculations since the December Quarter 2019The recalculations since the December 2019 edition of the Quarterly Update for the financial years 2005 and 2017 to 2019, by sector in Mt?CO2-e, are shown in REF _Ref47623816 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table 7. Recalculations in this Quarterly Update include updates to indicators used to derive emissions estimates in the quarters beyond the official 2017-18 inventory year. These included:Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES) – livestock population, crop production and rice cultivation dataAustralian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) – National Accounts dataAustralian Energy Market Operator – National Electricity Market dataDepartment of Industry, Science Energy and Resources - Resources and Energy Quarterly data and Australian Petroleum Statistics dataTable SEQ Table \* ARABIC 7: Recalculations (Mt?CO2-e) since the December 2019 Quarterly Update, by sector, 2005 and 2017 to 2020SectorFinancial Years and Quarters20052017201820192020SepDecMarJunSepDecMarJunSepDecMarJunSepDecMarJunSepDecAgriculture0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.10.10.10.1-0.1-0.1Electricity0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0Stationary energy (excluding electricity)0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0-0.10.00.0-0.1Transport0.00.00.00.00.10.00.0-0.10.20.2-0.2-0.2-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.2-0.1-0.2Fugitive emissions0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0-0.4Industrial processes and product use0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0Waste0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0LULUCF0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0Total0.00.00.00.00.10.00.0-0.10.20.2-0.2-0.3-0.2-0.1-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.7Source DataPreliminary activity data are obtained under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting System (NGERS) and from a range of publicly available sources, principally:Australian Bureau of Statistics (2020), Australian Demographic Statistics, pub. no. 3101 Australian Bureau of Statistics (2020), Population Clock. Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (2020). Agricultural Commodities, June Quarter 2020. Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (2020). Australian Crop Report, June Quarter 2020. Bureau of Statistics (2020), National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, Cat. No. 5206.0 Australian Energy Market Operator (2020), Market data extracted using NEM-Review software: of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics (2020), Domestic Totals & Top Routes: of Meteorology (2020), Monthly climate summaries: of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources (2020). Resources and Energy Quarterly, June 2020. of the Environment and Energy (2019). Australian Energy Statistics: Table F. of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources (2020), Australian Greenhouse Emissions Information System: time seriesThe ABS defines an original time series as showing ‘the actual movements in the data over time’. The actual time series’ in this report are equivalent to an original time series.Seasonal adjustment analysisThe ABS defines seasonal adjustment as follows: ‘A seasonally adjusted time-series is a time-series with seasonal component removed. This component shows a pattern over one year or less and is systemic or calendar related.’ The actual quarterly data have been adjusted using Demetra to remove the effects of seasonal factors. Demetra is a standard seasonal adjustment tool, consistent with methods applied by the ABS.Trend analysisThe trend series provides the best indication of underlying movements in the inventory by smoothing short term fluctuations in the seasonally adjusted series, caused for example, by extreme weather events such as floods or fires. The trend time series is estimated using the Demetra tool. More information on trend analysis is available on the ABS website normalisationThe seasonally adjusted and trend estimates are further adjusted to correct for the effects of variations around average seasonal temperatures. This process is termed ‘weather normalisation’ and is designed to provide a clearer indication of the underlying trends in the emissions data.Seasonal temperatures are an important predictor of emissions in Australia due to their influence on demand for electricity for heating and cooling (air conditioning). The seasonally adjusted series corrects for the regular effects of differences in average temperatures between seasons. The weather normalised series further corrects for fluctuations in average seasonal conditions.The weather normalisation methodology is based on the Bureau of Meteorology concept of ‘heating and cooling degree days,’ and is applied to total emissions (excluding LULUCF) and the electricity sector. The methodology is described in detail in ‘Section 7: Special Topic’ of the December 2011 edition of the Quarterly Update.Quarterly uncertaintyFor all sectors the Department’s assessment is that the 90 per cent confidence interval for the national inventory is ± 6.5 per cent (i.e. there is a 90 per cent probability that future revisions will be limited to ± 6.5 per cent of the current estimate).Sectoral emissions sources and sinksEnergyElectricity:Emissions from the combustion of fuel used to generate electricity for public use.Stationary energy excluding electricity:Energy industries: petroleum refining, gas processing and solid fuel manufacturing (including coal mining and oil/gas extraction and processing).Manufacturing industries and construction: direct emissions from the combustion of fuel to provide energy used in manufacturing such as steel, non-ferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, non-energy mining and pulp and paper.Other sectors: energy used by the commercial, institutional, residential sectors as well as fuel used by the agricultural, fishery and forestry equipment. This also includes all remaining fuel combustion emissions associated with military fuel use.Transport:Road transport: passenger vehicles, light commercial vehicles, trucks, buses and motorcycles.Domestic air transport: commercial passenger and light aircraft on domestic routes using either aviation gasoline or jet kerosene. International air transport is reported but not included in Australia’s total emissions (in line with international guidelines).Coastal shipping: domestic shipping and small craft. International shipping is reported but not included in Australia’s total emissions (in line with international guidelines).Rail transport: railways, but not electric rail, where fuel combustion is covered under the electricity sector.Transmission of natural gas.Fugitive emissions:Emissions, other than those attributable to energy use, from:Solid fuels: CO2 and CH4 from coal mining activities, post-mining and decommissioned mines and CO2, CH4 and N2O from flaring associated with coal mining.Oil and natural gas: exploration, extraction, production, processing and transportation of natural gas and oil. Includes leakage, evaporation and storage losses, flaring and venting of CO2, CH4 and N2O.Industrial processes and product use:Mineral industry: CO2 from cement clinker and lime production; the use of limestone and dolomite and other carbonates in industrial smelting and other processes; soda ash production and use; and magnesia production.Metal industry: CO2 and PFCs from aluminium smelting; CO2, CH4 and N2O from iron and steel production; and CO2 from the production of ferroalloys and other metals.Chemical Industry: includes N2O from the production of nitric acid; CO2, from ammonia production, acetylene use and the production of synthetic rutile and titanium dioxide; and CH4 from polymers and other chemicals.Other product manufacture and use: CO2 from the consumption of CO2 in the food and drink industry and the use of sodium bicarbonate, SF6 from electrical equipment.Product uses as substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances: HFC and refrigeration and air conditioning equipment, foam blowing, metered dose inhalers, fire extinguishers, solvent use.Non-energy products from fuel and solvent use: CO2 produced by oxidation of lubricating oils and greases.Agriculture:CH4 and N2O emissions from the consumption, decay or combustion of living and dead biomass, including:Enteric fermentation in livestock: emissions associated with microbial fermentation during digestion of feed by ruminant (mostly cattle and sheep) and some non-ruminant domestic livestock.Manure management: emissions associated with the decomposition of animal wastes while held in manure management systems.Rice cultivation: CH4 emissions from anaerobic decay of organic material when rice fields are flooded.Agricultural soils: emissions associated with the application of fertilisers, crop residues and animal wastes to agricultural lands and the use of biological nitrogen fixing crops and pastures.Field burning of agricultural residues: emissions from field burning of cereal and other crop stubble, and the emissions from burning sugar cane prior to harvest.Carbon dioxide emissions from the application of urea and lime.Waste:Emissions are predominantly CH4. Small amounts of CO2 and N2O are generated through incineration and the decomposition of human wastes respectively. The main sources are:Solid waste: emissions resulting from anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in landfills.Wastewater: emissions resulting from anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in sewerage facilities (including on-site systems such as septic tanks) during treatment and disposal of wastewater.Incineration: emissions resulting from the incineration of solvents and clinical waste.Biological treatment of solid waste: emissions resulting from the anaerobic decomposition of organic material in composting and anaerobic digester facilities.Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry:The LULUCF sector includes:Forest converted to other land uses: emissions and removals from the direct human-induced removal of forest and replacement with pasture, crops or other uses since 1972. Emissions arise from the burning and decay of cleared vegetation, and changes in soil carbon from current and past events.Land converted to forest: emissions and removals (i.e. sinks) from forests established on agricultural land. Growth of the forests and regrowth on cleared lands provides a carbon sink, while emissions can arise from soil disturbance on the cleared lands (N2O). Both new plantings and the regeneration of forest from natural seed sources contribute to this classification as well as sequestration projects under the Emission Reduction Fund.Forest land remaining forest land: emissions and removals in forests managed under a system of practices designed to support commercial timber production such as harvest or silvicultural practices or practices that are designed to implement specific sink enhancement activities. Forest harvesting causes emissions due to the decay of harvest slash and any subsequent prescribed burning. The regrowth of forests following harvesting provides a carbon sink and the harvested wood product pool can be a carbon sink or source depending on the rate of input and the rate of decay. Wildfire emissions on forest land are reported using IPCC guidance on natural disturbances. Further information on fire emissions occurring over the 2019-20 bushfire season will be reported in the Australian Government’s National Inventory Report to be submitted in the first half of 2020.Cropland: Anthropogenic emissions and removals on croplands occur as a result of changes in management practices on cropping lands, from changes in crop type (particularly woody crops) and from changes in land use.Grazing land: Anthropogenic emissions and removals on grasslands result from changes in management practices on grass lands, particularly from changes in pasture, grazing and fire management; changes in woody biomass elements and from changes in land use.Wetlands: Net emissions from the coastal lands including dredging of seagrass, aquaculture, and loss of tidal marsh areas. Changes in mangroves are reported under forest classifications.MeasurementsThe units used in this quarterly update inventory are:grams (g)tonnes (t)metres (m)litres (L)Standard metric prefixes used in this inventory are:kilo (k) = 103 (thousand)mega (M) = 106 (million)giga (G) = 109tera (T) = 1012peta (P) = 1015In this report, emissions are expressed in Mt?CO2-e, which represents millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent gas.Future publicationsThe June 2020 Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory will be published by 30 November 2020.Data tablesData table 1 SEQ Data_table_1 \* ALPHABETIC A: Actual emissions (Mt), by sector, by quarter, since 2001-02YearQuarterEnergyIndustrial processes and product useAgricultureWasteTotal excluding LULUCFLULUCFNational Inventory TotalElectricityStationary energy excl. electricityTransportFugitive emissions2001-2002September47.519.418.910.37.320.54.0127.916.8144.7December44.319.419.69.67.120.54.0124.516.8141.3March45.418.618.58.96.920.13.9122.316.4138.7June46.819.218.79.97.320.34.0126.116.6142.72002-2003September48.619.919.610.07.819.13.8128.720.3149.0December46.219.920.29.17.819.13.8126.120.3146.4March45.419.119.18.67.818.73.7122.419.8142.2June46.419.519.39.57.718.93.7125.120.1145.12003-2004September49.020.320.310.18.320.03.6131.616.7148.3December46.820.321.09.28.320.03.6129.316.7146.0March50.019.419.88.78.119.73.6129.316.5145.8June49.119.920.09.77.919.73.6130.116.5146.6YearQuarterEnergyIndustrial processes and product useAgricultureWasteTotal excluding LULUCFLULUCFNational Inventory TotalElectricityStationary energy excl. electricityTransportFugitive emissions2004-2005September50.920.820.810.28.020.23.6134.622.9157.6December48.220.921.19.78.020.23.6131.622.9154.5March48.819.819.78.97.919.73.5128.522.4150.9June48.920.420.610.18.020.03.6131.522.7154.22005-2006September50.920.720.610.58.219.83.6134.221.2155.4December48.920.521.99.88.019.83.6132.521.2153.7March50.619.420.59.27.819.43.5130.420.7151.1June50.920.620.510.68.019.63.5133.721.0154.62006-2007September52.220.521.111.08.518.83.7135.824.6160.4December50.821.021.910.38.618.83.7135.224.6159.8March51.619.721.19.78.418.43.6132.624.1156.7June49.520.621.311.18.618.63.6133.324.4157.72007-2008September53.521.321.611.98.718.13.8138.920.8159.7December50.321.222.110.08.618.13.8134.220.8154.9March51.720.321.29.98.517.93.7133.220.6153.8June50.521.321.610.78.617.93.7134.420.6155.0YearQuarterEnergyIndustrial processes and product useAgricultureWasteTotal excluding LULUCFLULUCFNational Inventory TotalElectricityStationary energy excl. electricityTransportFugitive emissions2008-2009September55.421.922.110.79.318.33.8141.518.1159.7December52.321.322.610.88.718.33.8137.718.1155.9March52.519.221.29.67.317.93.7131.217.7148.9-2541905-2775585 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 36 / Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory: December 201700 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 36 / Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory: December 2017June51.520.321.511.37.518.13.7133.817.9151.82009-2010September51.420.622.711.48.617.73.8136.113.4149.5December51.321.023.210.49.017.73.8136.313.4149.7March52.520.321.710.09.117.33.8134.613.1147.7June49.921.021.310.99.017.53.8133.513.2146.72010-2011September51.021.922.611.69.118.83.7138.87.7146.5December47.121.623.610.89.218.83.7134.87.7142.5March50.720.122.19.19.018.43.6132.97.5140.4June49.721.623.210.38.918.63.6136.07.6143.62011-2012September50.923.022.610.89.219.13.3138.92.7141.6December49.222.523.010.68.219.13.3135.82.7138.4March50.321.323.09.78.118.93.3134.72.6137.3June48.722.023.411.17.918.93.3135.32.6138.0YearQuarterEnergyIndustrial processes and product useAgricultureWasteTotal excluding LULUCFLULUCFNational Inventory TotalElectricityStationary energy excl. electricityTransportFugitive emissions2012-2013September47.024.023.211.18.019.23.1135.71.4137.2December45.923.823.910.78.019.23.1134.71.4136.1March47.622.122.29.97.718.83.1131.41.4132.8June46.623.122.810.77.819.03.1133.11.4134.52013-2014September45.024.023.410.48.119.43.2133.52.4135.8December44.023.923.910.38.019.43.2132.62.4135.0March47.222.522.710.17.718.93.1132.42.3134.7June44.523.723.310.37.919.23.1131.92.3134.22014-2015September47.523.023.912.58.418.73.0137.00.1137.1December46.422.524.511.18.418.73.0134.60.1134.7March47.921.423.410.58.118.33.0132.60.0132.6June47.222.323.611.78.218.53.0134.40.1134.42015-2016September49.322.924.112.48.418.43.2138.7-5.7133.0December48.022.824.511.98.318.43.2137.1-5.7131.4March49.921.824.012.08.118.23.1137.2-5.6131.6June47.522.823.912.28.218.23.1135.8-5.6130.2YearQuarterEnergyIndustrial processes and product useAgricultureWasteTotal excluding LULUCFLULUCFNational Inventory TotalElectricityStationary energy excl. electricityTransportFugitive emissions2016-2017September48.823.924.612.78.419.43.2141.0-6.8134.2December45.423.925.912.48.419.43.2138.5-6.8131.6March49.622.323.912.28.119.03.1138.2-6.7131.5June46.024.124.513.78.219.23.2138.9-6.8132.12017-2018September46.224.325.313.88.519.13.2140.4-5.2135.2December44.824.325.713.78.519.13.2139.3-5.2134.1March46.623.724.613.08.518.63.1138.2-5.1133.1June45.524.825.213.98.618.83.2140.2-5.1135.02018-2019September45.225.325.113.98.817.83.3139.4-4.9134.5December43.425.625.714.58.817.83.3139.0-4.9134.1March46.424.324.113.58.617.43.2137.5-4.8132.7June43.725.624.815.08.717.63.3138.8-4.8133.92019-2020September43.426.125.014.58.816.83.3137.8-4.4133.4December41.925.925.713.48.616.83.3135.6-4.4131.1March43.925.224.313.08.516.73.3134.7-4.4130.3JuneData table 1 SEQ Data_table_1 \* ALPHABETIC B: Seasonally adjusted emissions (Mt), by sector, by quarter, since 2001-02YearQuarterEnergyIndustrial processes and product useAgricultureWasteTotal excluding LULUCFLULUCFNational Inventory TotalElectricityStationary energy excl. electricityTransportFugitive emissions2001-2002September46.218.918.79.77.120.44.0125.216.2141.4December45.219.118.99.87.120.44.0124.516.6141.1March45.819.219.09.67.120.34.0124.916.8141.9June46.719.319.19.67.420.44.0126.216.8142.92002-2003September47.219.419.39.47.619.03.7126.019.9145.7December47.219.519.59.37.819.03.7126.220.0146.1March45.819.719.69.38.018.93.7124.920.2145.4June46.519.719.79.37.819.03.7125.320.2145.42003-2004September47.619.920.19.58.119.83.6128.816.4145.2December47.819.920.39.48.319.83.6129.316.5145.6March50.320.120.39.48.319.93.6132.016.9149.1June49.420.020.59.58.019.83.6130.516.5146.82004-2005September49.520.420.69.67.820.13.6131.722.8154.5December49.120.520.49.87.920.13.6131.522.8154.1March48.920.620.29.78.019.93.6131.022.8154.0June49.420.621.09.88.120.03.6132.222.6154.62005-2006September49.420.220.49.98.019.73.6131.321.2152.5December49.820.121.19.97.919.73.5132.321.1153.3March50.620.121.110.07.919.63.5132.921.0154.0June51.620.720.910.38.119.53.6134.520.5155.02006-2007September50.620.020.910.48.318.83.6132.824.9157.6December51.720.621.210.48.518.73.6134.924.6159.5March51.520.521.610.68.618.63.6135.024.2159.4June50.320.621.810.88.818.63.6134.223.7158.02007-2008September52.020.821.411.28.518.13.7135.921.3157.1December51.220.821.410.08.518.03.7133.920.9154.7March51.421.221.710.88.718.13.8135.620.6156.2June51.421.422.010.48.817.93.7135.119.5155.12008-2009September53.921.321.910.19.118.23.7138.719.1157.3December53.420.921.910.88.618.13.7137.518.4155.8March52.020.021.710.57.418.13.7133.317.6151.0June52.320.421.811.07.718.13.7134.616.7151.7YearQuarterEnergyIndustrial processes and product useAgricultureWasteTotal excluding LULUCFLULUCFNational Inventory TotalElectricityStationary energy excl. electricityTransportFugitive emissions2009-2010September50.220.022.510.88.417.63.8133.614.5147.6December52.420.622.510.48.817.53.8136.113.6149.7March51.921.322.210.99.317.53.8136.712.8149.6June50.521.221.610.69.217.53.8134.211.9146.32010-2011September50.221.222.411.18.918.73.7136.28.9145.0December48.121.222.910.89.118.73.7134.68.0142.6March49.821.122.69.99.118.73.6134.87.2142.0June50.121.823.510.09.118.73.6136.86.5143.22011-2012September50.422.222.410.39.019.03.3136.43.8140.3December50.322.122.310.58.119.03.3135.63.0138.6March49.322.323.610.58.319.23.3136.52.3138.8June49.022.123.710.88.119.03.2136.01.7137.52012-2013September46.723.223.010.67.819.13.1133.42.3136.0December47.023.423.310.77.919.13.1134.71.7136.3March46.523.222.810.67.919.13.1133.11.1134.0June46.923.223.110.57.919.13.1133.70.7134.3YearQuarterEnergyIndustrial processes and product useAgricultureWasteTotal excluding LULUCFLULUCFNational Inventory TotalElectricityStationary energy excl. electricityTransportFugitive emissions2013-2014September44.723.223.310.07.919.23.2131.43.1134.7December45.023.523.210.47.919.23.1132.72.6135.2March46.123.623.310.87.919.23.1133.92.0135.8June45.023.723.510.08.019.23.1132.31.8134.12014-2015September47.222.423.712.08.218.63.0135.20.6135.8December47.422.223.811.28.318.53.0134.70.3134.9March46.822.324.011.18.318.53.0134.0-0.2133.6June47.722.323.811.48.318.43.0134.6-0.3134.52015-2016September48.922.424.012.08.218.33.1137.0-5.4131.7December49.222.523.911.98.218.33.1137.2-5.5131.7March48.622.724.712.68.318.43.2138.6-5.9132.6June48.022.824.111.98.318.13.1135.9-5.8130.22016-2017September48.323.324.412.38.319.43.2139.4-6.6132.9December46.623.625.212.58.319.33.2138.7-6.7132.0March48.323.224.612.88.219.23.2139.6-6.8132.5June46.524.024.713.48.319.03.2138.9-6.8132.1YearQuarterEnergyIndustrial processes and product useAgricultureWasteTotal excluding LULUCFLULUCFNational Inventory TotalElectricityStationary energy excl. electricityTransportFugitive emissions2017-2018September45.823.825.113.48.419.13.2138.9-5.1134.0December46.124.025.013.88.519.03.2139.5-5.1134.4March45.424.625.313.78.718.83.2139.5-5.2134.2June45.824.825.413.58.718.73.2140.1-5.1134.82018-2019September45.024.824.913.58.617.93.3137.9-4.9133.4December44.625.325.014.68.817.83.3139.4-4.8134.4March45.125.224.814.18.717.63.3138.8-4.8133.8June43.925.525.014.68.817.53.3138.6-4.7133.62019-2020September43.325.524.814.18.616.93.2136.5-4.5132.5December43.225.625.013.48.616.83.3136.0-4.4131.4March42.626.125.013.68.616.83.3135.9-4.4131.4JuneData table 1 SEQ Data_table_1 \* ALPHABETIC C: Trend emissions (Mt), by sector, by quarter, since 2001-02YearQuarterEnergyIndustrial processes and product useAgricultureWasteTotal excluding LULUCFLULUCFNational Inventory TotalElectricityStationary energy excl. electricityTransportFugitive emissions2001-2002September46.118.918.79.97.120.44.0125.117.2142.2December45.519.118.89.87.020.44.0124.916.3141.0March45.819.219.09.77.120.34.0125.116.6141.7June46.719.319.19.67.319.93.9125.817.5143.32002-2003September47.319.419.39.47.619.43.8126.119.2145.3December46.919.619.59.37.819.03.7125.620.3146.1March46.319.719.69.37.918.93.7125.320.5145.6June46.519.819.79.37.919.13.7125.919.4145.32003-2004September47.519.820.19.48.119.63.6127.717.2145.2December48.720.020.39.48.319.93.6129.716.2145.7March49.520.020.49.48.219.93.6130.916.8147.2June49.620.120.59.58.019.93.6131.318.5149.82004-2005September49.420.320.59.67.920.03.6131.321.1152.5December49.120.520.49.77.920.13.6131.422.8153.9March49.020.620.49.88.020.03.6131.522.9154.4June49.220.520.69.88.119.93.6131.522.3153.9YearQuarterEnergyIndustrial processes and product useAgricultureWasteTotal excluding LULUCFLULUCFNational Inventory TotalElectricityStationary energy excl. electricityTransportFugitive emissions2005-2006September49.520.320.89.98.019.83.6131.721.5153.1December49.820.121.19.97.919.73.5132.321.0153.1March50.820.221.110.17.919.63.5133.020.8153.9June51.120.320.910.28.119.33.6133.621.9155.32006-2007September51.220.420.910.48.319.03.6134.024.0157.5December51.420.521.210.48.518.73.6134.324.9159.3March51.220.621.610.68.718.63.6134.824.4159.3June51.020.621.710.88.718.53.6134.923.3158.32007-2008September51.320.721.510.98.518.23.7134.821.8156.6December51.520.921.410.98.518.03.7134.720.8155.6March51.121.221.710.78.718.03.8135.120.4155.3June52.021.421.910.48.918.03.7136.419.7156.12008-2009September53.321.322.010.38.918.13.7137.419.0156.8December53.320.921.810.58.518.23.7136.918.4155.4March52.420.421.710.77.818.13.7135.317.7152.4June51.720.021.910.87.818.03.7134.016.4149.92009-2010September51.620.122.410.78.317.73.8134.514.8149.0December52.020.622.510.68.917.53.8135.513.6149.4March51.821.122.110.79.217.53.8135.912.8149.1June50.821.221.910.89.217.93.8135.811.3146.92010-2011September49.621.222.310.99.018.33.7135.29.4144.6December49.121.122.810.79.018.63.7135.08.0142.8March49.421.222.810.29.218.73.6135.57.3142.4June50.221.722.810.09.118.83.5136.06.1142.42011-2012September50.422.122.410.38.818.93.4136.34.2140.7December50.222.222.510.58.519.13.3136.42.8138.9March49.622.323.410.68.219.13.3136.02.2138.5June48.522.723.610.78.019.13.2135.52.0137.52012-2013-1760855-716915 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 46 / Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory: December 201700 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 46 / Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory: December 2017September47.323.223.310.77.919.13.2134.62.1136.5December46.623.423.010.77.819.13.1133.91.8135.6March46.823.223.010.67.919.13.1133.51.0134.6June46.123.223.010.47.919.13.1132.81.3134.12013-2014September45.123.323.210.17.919.23.1132.42.4134.7December45.123.523.210.37.919.23.1132.62.7135.4March45.523.623.310.77.919.23.1133.22.2135.2June45.923.323.511.08.019.03.1134.01.6135.02014-2015September46.822.723.711.28.218.73.1134.50.8135.2December47.322.323.911.28.318.53.0134.40.2134.9March47.022.323.911.18.318.53.0134.5-0.3134.2June47.722.323.911.58.318.43.0135.0-1.8133.62015-2016September48.822.423.911.88.218.33.1136.4-4.0132.3December49.122.524.012.28.218.33.1137.5-5.5131.7March48.622.724.112.28.318.43.2138.2-5.8132.0June48.322.924.212.28.318.63.2138.5-6.0132.12016-2017September47.923.324.412.28.319.03.2138.9-6.5132.2December47.423.524.612.58.319.33.2139.1-6.8132.4March47.023.624.612.98.319.23.2139.2-7.0132.1June46.523.724.713.38.319.13.2139.0-6.5132.62017-2018September46.023.825.013.68.419.13.2139.1-5.5133.7December45.824.125.113.78.519.03.2139.4-5.0134.3March45.724.525.313.78.618.83.2139.7-5.2134.5June45.524.725.313.58.718.53.2139.6-5.1134.32018-2019September45.124.925.113.78.718.13.2139.4-4.9134.0December44.825.124.914.08.717.83.3139.2-4.9134.0March44.725.324.914.38.817.63.3138.8-4.8134.0June44.025.424.914.58.717.43.3138.0-4.7133.42019-2020September43.425.524.914.18.717.03.3136.9-4.5132.4December43.025.724.913.68.616.83.3136.1-4.4131.5March42.826.025.013.58.616.83.3136.0-4.4131.4JuneTracking Australia’s emissionsThe data presented in Table 8 and REF _Ref47456430 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Figure 22 include Australia’s annual emissions for 2000 to 2020.Australia’s annual emissions for the year to March 2020 are estimated to be 528.7?Mt?CO2-e. This figure is 3.1?per?cent below emissions in the year to June 2000 (545.4?Mt?CO2-e) and 14.3?per?cent below emissions in the year to June 2005 (617.2?Mt CO2-e).Table SEQ Table \* ARABIC 8: National inventory total from 2000 to 2020, by financial yearFinancial YearEmissions (Mt?CO2-e)2000545.42001575.92002567.42003582.72004586.72005617.22006614.92007634.62008623.42009616.22010593.52011573.02012555.32013540.62014539.72015538.82016526.12017529.52018537.42019535.32020(a)528.7Year to MarchFigure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 22: National inventory total, year to June 2000 to year to March 2020Source: Department of Industry, Science, Energy and ResourcesRelated publications and resourcesAustralia’s national Greenhouse AccountsThe following Department of Industry Science Energy and Resources (DISER) publications are all available at: .au/NGA National Greenhouse Gas Inventory: Quarterly UpdatesQuarterly Updates of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory are the most up to date source of information on Australia’s national emissions. They provide a summary of Australia’s national emissions, updated on a quarterly basis. They give timely information to policy makers, markets and the public to demonstrate how Australia is tracking against its targets.Access past and future quarterly updates: 5167879103320National Inventory Report 2018The three volumes comprising Australia’s forthcoming National Inventory Report 2018 were submitted under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol in May 2020. These reports contain national greenhouse gas emission estimates for the period 1990-2018 and preliminary estimates for 2019 compiled under the rules for reporting applicable to the UNFCCC.Volume 1: Includes Australia’s data for energy (stationary energy, transport and fugitive emissions), industrial processes and product use, and agriculture.Volume 2: Australia’s data for the Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) and waste sectors, recalculations and improvements.Volume 3: Australia’s data for Kyoto Protocol LULUCF, Kyoto Protocol accounting requirements, annexes, glossary and references.Read the report: 1736215771State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2018This document provides an overview of the latest available estimates of annual greenhouse gas emissions for Australia’s States and Territories. It complements Australia’s National Inventory Report 2018 and the National Inventory by Economic Sector 2018.Read the inventories: 5375246161556National Inventory by Economic Sector 2018This document provides an overview of the latest available estimates of annual greenhouse gas emissions, disaggregated by Australia-New Zealand Standard Industrial Classifications (ANZSIC). It complements Australia’s National Inventory Report 2018 and the State and Territory Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2018.Read the inventory: Australian Greenhouse Emissions Information System (AGEIS)The AGEIS centralises the Department’s emissions estimation, emissions data management and reporting systems. AGEIS is being used to compile national and State and Territory inventories. The interactive web interface provides enhanced accessibility and transparency to Australia’s greenhouse emissions data: ’s Emissions Projections 2019The report provides detail on emissions trends, including sector specific analysis of factors driving emissions. The report estimates the emissions reduction effort required to meet Australia’s emissions reduction targets. The projections include sensitivity analyses to illustrate how emissions may differ under changes in economic growth. 5057775244339Full Carbon Accounting ModelThe Full Carbon Accounting Model (FullCAM) is the calculation engine which supports the estimation of carbon stock change on forest and agricultural systems. FullCAM can be downloaded from the former Department’s webpage: 02058Australia’s Seventh National Communication/Fourth Biennial ReportAustralia’s Seventh National Communication (2017) summarises information on Australia’s implementation of its UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol obligations including: emissions and removals of greenhouse gases; national circumstances; policies and measures; vulnerability assessment; financial, technology and capacity building cooperation; education, training, and public awareness. Countries such as Australia are required to submit these reports to the UNFCCC every four years. In accordance with international reporting requirements, the 2017 National Communication also incorporates Australia’s Third Biennial Report. Australia has recently submitted its Fourth Biennial Report (2019). These must be submitted every two years and outline Australia’s progress in achieving emission reductions and the provision of financial, technology, and capacity-building support. More information is available at: the rest of the world is doingOther developed countries are also required to produce annual greenhouse gas inventories. More information regarding the reporting requirements and various international reports (including reports by Australia) are located online. ................
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