ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)



Questions for discussion

Recycling Report

1. Discuss the BTN Recycling Report story in pairs. What points were raised in the discussion?

2. Where does rubbish end up if it is not recycled?

3. Give examples of items that can be recycled.

4. About how much of our waste is reused or recycled?

5. What did a recent 4 Corners investigation find?

6. Why is the glass not being recycled?

7. What are the benefits of reducing the amount of waste we send to landfill?

8. Experts say we shouldn’t give up on recycling. Why?

9. How did this story make you feel?

10. What questions do you have after watching this story?

Write a message about the story and post it in the comments section on the story page.

Airport Security

1. Before you watch the BTN story, record what you know about airport security.

2. What was the main point of the story?

3. How has airport security changed over time?

4. What security features do passports have?

5. What is the second line of security at airports?

6. How is carry-on luggage checked at an airport?

7. Explain the colour-coded picture that the x-ray machine creates.

8. What other security checks might you encounter at an airport?

9. What was surprising about this story?

10. Name three facts you learnt watching the Airport Security story.

Write a message about the story and post it in the comments section on the story page.

Fuel Finished

1. Summarise the BTN story.

2. Which country recently announced a ban on petrol and diesel cars?

3. When will the ban begin?

4. What did car company Volvo announce recently?

5. In which decade were electric cars introduced?

6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of petrol engines?

7. Which state recently announced it will have charging stations along a `super highway’?

8. Electric vehicles are cheaper to run and they’re cheaper to maintain. True or false?

9. What other energy sources are used to power cars?

10. Do you think Australia should phase out petrol and diesel powered cars? Give reasons for your answer.

Check out the Fuel Finished resource on the Teachers page

Vote in the BTN Online Poll

Do the quiz on the BTN website

Ocean Floor Mapping

1. Explain the Ocean Floor Mapping story to another student.

2. Why have scientists been mapping parts of the Indian Ocean?

3. How many square kilometres of ocean was mapped?

a. 3.7

b. 4.7

c. 5.7

4. We’ve created better maps of other planets, like Mars, than we have of most of the oceans. True or false?

5. `The fish’ is an autonomous _________________ vehicle.

6. How does `the fish’ help scientists with their research?

7. What did scientists find?

8. Finish the following sentence: The data collected could also help research into…

9. The area mapped is still less than _____% of the Indian Ocean.

10. What do you understand more clearly since watching this story?

Check out the Ocean Mapping resource on the Teachers page

How are rainbows made?

1. Before you watch the story, record what you know about rainbows.

2. What does the BTN story explain?

3. Briefly explain what a rainbow is.

4. Sunlight is made up of ______________ light which contains all the colours of the ___________________.

5. What happens when the sunlight hits the droplet?

6. What is refraction?

7. How many colours are there in a rainbow? Name the colours.

8. Why do the colours separate?

9. Why are the colours of a rainbow always in the same order?

10. What did you learn watching this story?

Write a message about the story and post it in the comments section on the story page.

Teacher Resource

Electric Cars

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1. Summarise the BTN story.

2. Which country recently announced a ban on petrol and diesel cars?

3. When will the ban begin?

4. What did car company Volvo announce recently?

5. In which decade were electric cars introduced?

6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of petrol engines?

7. Which state recently announced it will have charging stations along a `super highway’?

8. Electric vehicles are cheaper to run and they’re cheaper to maintain. True or false?

9. What other energy sources are used to power cars?

10. Do you think Australia should phase out petrol and diesel powered cars? Give reasons for your answer.

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Note taking

Students will practice their note-taking while watching the BTN Electric Cars story. After watching the story, ask students to reflect on and organise the information into three categories.

What information about this issue was...?

• Positive

• Negative or

• Interesting

Students may want to watch the story again or download a copy of the BTN Electric Cars transcript to assist them with this activity.

Clarify what students understand by the following terms:

• Hybrid cars

• Petrol powered

• Resource

• Greenhouse gases

• Air pollution

• Climate change

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Class discussion

Students will investigate alternative energy sources used to power cars. The BTN story looked at electricity being used to power a car but other sources of energy are also being explored as potential ways to power cars of the future.

Ask students to discuss and make some predictions about the following:

• How could cars be improved? Why?

• Why are scientists and engineers researching ways to make cars better?

• Will attitudes about the use of fossil fuels (petrol and diesel) change over the next 50 years? Why?

• Why might we see changes to the way cars are powered?

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Q&A

Make a list of 3 questions you have about electric cars that you would like to ask a scientist or engineer. Use the internet to find answers to your questions. Compare your questions and answers with your classmates. Below are some examples:

• How far can you drive on a single charge?

• What happens if you run out of charge and you’re not near a charging station?

• How will the batteries in electric cars be recycled?

Ask a Reporter

Ask Jack your questions about electric cars on BTNs Ask a Reporter, at 2:15pm (AEST) Friday 11th August 2017. Ask A Reporter provides students a chance to ask BTN reporters questions - directly to the reporter responsible for the story. Each Friday BTN will live stream a 20-30min Q&A session. Plus we always make time for a bit of fun!

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BTN Electric Cars

Ask students to watch the BTN Electric Cars 2014 story and answer the following questions:

1. What was the main point of the Electric Cars story?

2. Around the turn of the last century, electric cars were quite popular. True or false?

3. Why did the internal combustion engine take over?

4. What are some disadvantages of petrol engines?

5. What has been one of the problems with electric cars in the past?

6. How has battery technology changed?

7. In which country are electric cars popular?

8. What do some people in Western Australia want councils to do?

9. What other energy sources are used to power cars?

10. What do you think is the future of electric cars? Explain your answer.

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Persuasive text

Students will explore the use of new technologies and/or alternative fuels for our cars and then develop a persuasive text for or against the following statement: `Petrol powered cars should be banned in Australia’. Students need to weigh up the pros and cons of the issue then write a short persuasive argument stating why petrol-powered cars should or should not be banned in Australia.

Some issues to consider are:

• What is the environmental impact of petrol powered cars?

• What are some of the pros and cons of adopting new technologies to replace petrol-powered cars?

Provide students with the following structure to follow when completing this activity.

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Car of the future

Before starting this activity hold a class discussion, asking students what sort of car they think they will be driving in 50 years’ time?

Students will then design an eco-friendly car of the future, with the aim to decrease air pollution. Students will consider the impact that vehicles have on our planet and then design a car that causes as little harm as possible to the environment. Students will need to consider the following:

• Provide a drawing of the car with labels to show its features.

• Choose a body size, engine size, fuel type and accessories.

• What speed will your car travel?

• What materials will be used to make your car?

• What are the interior and exterior features?

• What new technologies will you incorporate in your design?

• How will the car benefit people and the environment?

• Why is your design the best one for your community?

• Present your design to the class.

Look at some cars designed by students as part of an ABC Splash competition – Link here. Please note this competition is now closed.

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BTN – Electric Cars



BTN – Hybrid Cars



BTN – Solar Cars



ABC News – UK to ban sales of petrol and diesel cars from 2040 in pollution crackdown, reports say



ABC News – Queensland electric car `super highway’ announced, with 18 fast charging locations



Teacher Resource

Ocean Exploration

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1. Explain the Ocean Floor Mapping story to another student.

2. Why have scientists been mapping parts of the Indian Ocean?

3. How many square kilometres of ocean was mapped?

a. 3.7

b. 4.7

c. 5.7

4. We’ve created better maps of other planets, like Mars, than we have of most of the oceans. True or false?

5. `The fish’ is an autonomous _________________ vehicle.

6. How does `the fish’ help scientists with their research?

7. What did scientists find?

8. Finish the following sentence: The data collected could also help research into…

9. The area mapped is still less than _____% of the Indian Ocean.

10. What do you understand more clearly since watching this story?

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After watching the BTN Ocean Exploration story, respond to the following questions:

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Class Discussion

Discuss the BTN Ocean Exploration story as a class. Record what students know about ocean exploration on a mind map. What questions do they have about what they have learnt in the BTN story? The following KWLH organiser provides students with a framework to explore their knowledge on this topic and consider what they would like to know and learn.

|What do I know? |What do I want to know? |What have I learnt? |How will I find out? |

| | | | |

| | | | |

Key Words

Students develop a glossary of words and terms that relate to ocean exploration. Below are some words to get them started. Add words and meanings to your glossary as you come across unfamiliar words throughout your research. Consider using pictures and diagrams to illustrate meanings.

|exploration |Deep-sea zones |species |habitat |

|mapping |adaptation |marine |oceanography |

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BTN Deep Sea stories

Ask students to watch the BTN Deep Sea Exploration story and BTN Sea Creatures story and answer the following questions:

1. How much of the ocean floor is still unexplored?

2. How many shipwrecks are thought to be in the ocean?

3. The ocean is divided into three zones. What are they?

4. In which zone does light start to disappear?

5. The deepest part of the ocean is 11,000 metres down. How many Eiffel Towers stacked on top of each other is that?

6. How many people have been to the deepest part of the ocean?

7. Describe the deep-sea exploration vessels.

1. Benthic habitats are in the ____________ parts of the ocean.

2. What special equipment do the researchers use?

3. Describe a problem the researchers have.

4. What are pycnogonids also known as?

5. Why are researchers exploring in the deepest parts of the Southern Ocean?

6. What impact could illegal fishing have on marine life?

7. What evidence of illegal fishing did the researcher find?

8. What do you know about deep ocean creatures that you didn’t know before watching the BTN story?

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Deep Sea Animal Research

Students will conduct research into a deep-sea creature. Display the student’s research around the classroom or in a public space in the school.

• What are its special features?

• What does it eat?

• Where in the ocean does it live? Describe and illustrate.

• How does it survive in its environment?

• How has it adapted to its environment?

• Is it threatened or endangered? If so, what are its threats?

• What is your favourite thing about this creature?

• What surprised you about your research?

|Research project – Deep Sea Creature |

|Scientific and common name | |

|Appearance | |

| | |

|Which part of the ocean does it | |

|live? | |

| | |

|Life Cycle | |

| | |

| | |

|Adaptations | |

|Interesting facts | |

| | |

|Photograph or illustration | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

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The Deep interactive allows students to explore the different zones of the Southern Ocean and the creatures that live there.

Ask students to:

• Name each zone

• Give an example of a creature that lives in each zone

• A fact about each creature.

Geoscience Australia – The data behind the search for MH 370



Geoscience Australia - Mapping the sea floor



BTN – Deep Sea Exploration



BTN – Sea Creatures



Untamed Science – Deep Sea Biome



BTN: Episode 21 Transcript 8/08/17

Hi, I'm Nathan Bazley, thanks for joining me for BTN!

Coming up today:

• We're previewing Science Week, with a look at all of the science behind this week's headlines.

• From airport security.

• To our ocean beds.

• And even the rainbows that stretch across our skies.

Yep stay with us for a look at all of the science behind those stories.

Recycling Report

Reporter: Matthew Holbrook

INTRO: But first. This week 4 Corners a news show for adults on the ABC released a big report into rubbish and among other things they found that the glass you put out for recycling sometimes isn't actually being used again. Here's a look at what's going on.

Bins, glorious bins. They come in all colours, shapes and sizes. Actually, they're mostly the same shape, and similar sizes, but whatever. They are different colours though. And those different colours help us all to make sure green waste and recyclable don't end up in landfill. Over time, Aussies have worked harder at reducing the amount of waste that ends up here. A bit over half of our waste is now reused or recycled after being collected from your house. Materials like cardboard, glass, and plastic bottles are taken to centres like this one, to be sorted and processed. And eventually, turned into new products or packaging.

But that's not always what happens. While we all like to think we're doing our bit for the environment by putting our empty bottles in recycling bins, a big investigation by the ABC's 4 Corners has found there are some big issues with the recycling industry. It found some of the glass collected for recycling in New South Wales isn't being recycled at all. Instead, it's ending up in landfill.

CARO MELDRUM-HANNA, REPORTER: I'll ask you to be honest. Have you had to landfill some of this glass?

NATHAN UNG, POLYTRADE MANAGER: Yes.

CARO MELDRUM-HANNA, REPORTER: How much glass went to landfill?

NATHAN UNG, POLYTRADE MANAGER: Thousands. Thousands of tonnes.

CARO MELDRUM-HANNA, REPORTER: Thousands of tonnes? What's it like as a recycler to know that all of this material that we want to be, we hope is being recycled, could actually is going into a landfill?

NATHAN UNG, POLYTRADE MANAGER: Well it's devastating.

It turns out that it's actually cheaper for companies to import new glass bottles from overseas than to buy recycled ones. So, there's more and more glass building up with nowhere to go. But stockpiling large amounts of waste is banned in NSW. So, this company has to ship a lot of it overseas, and the rest into these warehouses in Victoria.

That means your recycled glass bottles could actually be sitting here unused and unwanted.

CARO MELDRUM-HANNA, REPORTER: How do you think consumers and Australians are going to feel when they know that this glass, that they've.

NATHAN UNG, POLYTRADE MANAGER There'll be an uproar, there'll be an uproar when communities or residents know their bottles aren't recycled. It is shocking, it is shocking.

This situation has a lot of people worried, but experts say it doesn't mean we should all give up on recycling. For one thing, we don't know if this problem is being repeated in other areas around the country. And environmental groups say we still haven't caught up to a lot of other developed countries when it comes to recycling. And some want more government funding to make sure resources like glass, are recycled as they should be. But it looks like we still have a long way to go, until every one of these ends up back here.

This Week in News

To this week's headlines now and more details have been released following last week's terror raids in Sydney.

Sydney police arrested four men suspected of planning an attack on a plane.

It caused big delays at Aussie airports after extra security was put in place to make sure everyone was safe.

Three of the four men arrested have now been charged.

Investigations are continuing into how they got so far and who else might've been involved.

A US military helicopter has crashed just off the coast of Queensland.

There were 26 people on board the aircraft when it hit the water.

Most for them got out okay but sadly there are still 3 marines missing.

The aircraft was in Queensland as part of a joint military training exercise between Australia and the United States.

Remember back in February when Prime Minister Turnbull and US President Trump had a bit of an awkward phone call?

Well now we know exactly what they said!

A transcript of the call was leaked to the public last week.

The two leaders talked about a refugee deal that Prime Minister Turnbull had made with former president Obama.

Donald Trump wasn't a massive fan of the whole thing telling the PM it was a bad deal that was made him look foolish.

Thousands of people gathered in the Northern Territory over the weekend for the Garma Festival.

It's an annual summit where politicians, business and community leaders get together to talk about a whole bunch of different issues facing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

One of the main topics on this year's agenda was the debate over recognition of Australia's first people.

Aboriginal leaders say they are more optimistic than ever that Australians will support the establishment of a national Indigenous representative body in parliament.

And a group of historians in the UK have brought a 90-year-old plane back to life!

The DH-9 was a bomber plane used in the First World War.

This one was found in an elephant stable in India and it took around 60 thousand hours of work to restore it.

And some kids in Melbourne have been learning how to take better care of their teeth with the help of some hippos.

Zoo keepers at Werribee Open Range Zoo have held some dental demonstrations on these guys because, just like humans, hippos need to have their teeth cleaned every day.

Although it's clearly a much bigger job for them!

Airport Security

Reporter: Ruby Cornish

INTRO: Now as you saw earlier airport security was tightened after a potential plane attack was stopped. Authorities say air travellers are still safe to fly though because of all of the security measure in place at airports around the country. So, to help put your mind at ease we thought we'd take a closer look at some of those security measures and find out how they work.

If you've ever been overseas for a holiday, you know there's a lot to pack.

I haven’t forgotten my toothbrush, but you know what I almost did forget? Obviously, all the stuff I'm packing is super important. But the most important thing, is that me and Teddy get to our holiday safely.

Back in the early days of flight, people could board a plane without so much as a handshake. But people soon realised that these huge jets could actually become huge targets. So, to make sure everyone felt safe flying, security checks were brought in.

And over time they've changed along with technology.

REPORTER: Your first line of security is this, your passport. It might be small but you're not getting overseas without one.

Australian passports have a computer chip inside them which carries information that can help to identify you, like what your face and fingerprints look like. This technology helps our security agencies keep track of who's coming and going and makes sure everyone is who they say they are.

REPORTER: The second line of security at airports is the reason I'm checking all my pockets. Aha! That might have caused a problem.

Maybe you've walked through one of these things before. They're metal detectors, and guess what they do? You got it, they detect metal! The main reason for these is to make sure no one on the plane is carrying any kind of weapon.

While you step through the metal detector, your carry-on luggage goes onto a conveyer belt and through an X-ray machine. Different materials absorb x-rays differently. So, this machine can use that information to create a colour-coded picture of what's in your bag without anyone having to open it. Different colours show what material the items are made of, and make it easy for security to spot and check anything that might look suspicious.

REPORTER: Once you've been through the scanners, you can usually head to your boarding gate. But there are a couple of extra security measures you might encounter before you get there (and one is really cute).

After the metal detectors, you could be randomly selected for an explosives trace detection test. This looks a bit like someone waving a magic wand, but they're actually scanning for tiny traces of explosives. And when I say tiny, I mean these machines can pick up on particles that only weigh as little as a femtogram!

There's no way we'd pick up on that without the help of a machine.

And did you know that a dog's sense of smell is 150,000 times more powerful than a human's? So, it kind of makes sense that the Australian Federal Police trains them up to sniff out things at airports that we can't, like explosives and illegal drugs. Detector dogs are also used for bio-security, sniffing out things like food, plants and animals that could bring pests or diseases into Australia.

REPORTER: It might seem like a hassle, but airport security is a really important part of keeping safe when we travel. It means we can get on with enjoying our holidays.

Now if you’ll excuse me, I've got a plane to catch!

Did you know

Did you know that the man that discovered X-rays just called them that temporarily because he didn't know what they were. But of course, the name stuck!

Petrol Car Ban

Reporter: Jack Evans

INTRO: Next up. The UK government has announced that by 2040 new petrol and diesel powered cars will be banned from sale. It follows France's earlier decision to do the same. But what other options are on the transport table? Take a look.

Over the years, we've seen lots of different cars come and go and for the most part, they've all had one thing in common. This! That's how it's been for more than one hundred years. But now things are starting to change. The UK has announced that it's going to ban the sale of petrol and diesel powered cars by 2040. France recently made the same call too and just a few weeks ago car maker Volvo became the first major car company to announce it's phasing out petrol and diesel cars. Volvo says that by 2019 all of its cars will be either hybrid, which means they use electricity and petrol, or totally electric.

Electric powered cars have actually been around for a long time, like a really long time, the 1880's to be exact. But eventually, the petrol-powered internal combustion engine took over because it was more powerful, cheaper to make and easier to keep going. But petrol does have its downsides. It's a resource that could eventually run out and petrol engines release greenhouse gases into the air. That's actually one of the UK's big reasons to move on.

Michael Gove - UK Environment: We have to get rid of petrol and diesel cars, off our roads, if we're going to deal with not only the health problems that air pollution causes, but also if we're going to meet our climate change targets. And the good news is the car industry is already moving in this direction.

REPORTER: Here in Australia some experts reckon we could be doing more to get rid of petrol cars like providing more of these, charging stations.

There are already a few stations set up where you can charge an electric car and some state governments say they'll be more to come. For example, recently Queensland announced it'll be installing a "super highway" which will feature 30-minute charging stations all the way from the Gold Coast to Cairns.

Michael Lord, Beyond Zero Emissions: Our research shows that if we switch to electric vehicles in just ten years from today it would actually be cost neutral which means it saves as much as it costs. And that's because electric vehicles are cheaper to run and they're cheaper to maintain.

But not everyone's convinced that electric engines are the way of the future and scientists have also been looking for other ways to power cars. From solar charged cars to cars that are powered by poo. But while it might not be certain what type of cars we'll be driving in the future, it’s safe to say that 'filling up the tank' will mean something completely different in the years to come.

Ask A Reporter

Have you got a question about electric cars? Ask me live on Friday during Ask A Reporter!

Head to our website for all the details.

Poll

And we'd like to know if you think Australia should follow the UK's lead.

Let us know in our online poll.

Do you think Australia should phase out petrol and diesel powered cars?

And here's the results of last week's poll.

Ocean Floor Mapping

Reporter: Ruby Cornish

INTRO: Next up. It seems something positive might come out of the long and tragic search for missing flight MH370. Those searching for the downed plane have released all of the scans they made of the ocean floor. And while they haven't revealed the resting place of MH370, they have led researchers to some other amazing discoveries

Underwater volcanoes and long-lost shipwrecks. They're just some of the discoveries scientists have made while mapping parts of Australia's Indian Ocean, about two thousand kilometres west of Perth. But this information wasn't just collected for research. It was also done in an effort to help solve one of the biggest aviation mysteries of all time.

In March 2014, a flight headed from Malaysia to China disappeared less than half an hour after take-off. The plane still hasn't been found, and in January the three-year search was officially called off. But in the meantime, 4.7 million square kilometres of ocean was mapped in the biggest and most expensive aircraft search in history! And while it wasn't successful in finding flight MH370, it did give scientists an opportunity to learn a lot more about the sea floor.

You see, most maps of our ocean aren't very detailed. In fact, we've created better maps of other planets, like Mars! In the past, we've used satellites that create pictures like this one, which are better than nothing, but can only really give rough estimates about what lies beneath the surface. To search for a plane though, they needed way more detail!

That's where 'the fish' came in. 'The fish' is the nickname given to this Autonomous Underwater Vehicle. It travels underwater, sending soundwaves to the sea floor to collect detailed information about the terrain below. The strength of the signal that comes back can tell us how far down it is, and whether it's hard or soft at the bottom. In total, the fish helped map more than 700 thousand square kilometres!

But what did they find? Well there were some surprises.

This is the skeleton of a shipwreck that's believed to be more than a hundred years old. And this is thought to be the remains of a cargo ship from the 1800s! But it's impossible to know how these ships met their watery end, because they've been missing for so long. The mapping also turned up deep-sea volcanoes. They would have been active once, but don't worry, they haven't been doing much lately!

This long, raised shape is Broken Ridge, it was created about 140 million years ago by rock shifting deep in the earth.

The data collected could also help research into climate change and help scientists predict when tsunamis might hit. It's worth remembering, though, that the area mapped is still less than one per cent of the Indian Ocean, so there's probably lots more out there to discover.

And as for the missing plane? Well for now, that remains a mystery!

Quiz

Now to a quiz.

Approximately what percentage of the world's shipwrecks have been discovered?

1%

10%

40%

The answer: Less than 1%

Sport

The Matildas won the Tournament of Nations soccer comp after smashing Brazil 6-1.

Brazil started off strong in the final with a goal in the first two minutes but the Matildas weren't behind for long with this goal from Lisa De Vanna a few minutes later!

COMMENTATOR: Lisa De Vanna stepping up.

After that, the goals just kept on coming.

COMMENTATOR: A thing of beauty from Kartrina Gorry to make it 4-1 in the first half.

And Sam Kerr sealed the win with this goal.

COMMENTATOR: Her fourth goal of the tournament!

It's the Matilda's first tournament win in seven years which will give them a big boost in the world rankings!

The Matildas say they're now setting their sights on winning the World Cup.

MATILDA’S PLAYER: I think we’ve got the potential to do even better so it’s quite scary how we are growing as a team and what we can potentially do in the next couple of years.

MATILDA’S PLAYER: I think it just really shows for us that we can compete with the best teams and now we can beat them.

¶Cricket Australia and the player’s union have finally reached an agreement on what cricketers should be paid.

For months, there's been a big debate between officials and players about how much money players should get.

The new deal will mean all players will get paid more and the women's league will get the biggest pay boost in the history of women's sport in Australia!

Usain Bolt's run his last ever individual race but it wasn't the fairy tale ending people were hoping for.

Usain came third in the 100m metres final at the World Athletics Championships behind Americans Justin Gatlin and Christian Coleman.

He said he was disappointed by the result but says it's time for him to retire.

USAIN BOLT: My body is telling me it's time. My legs are hurting now the first time I've ever done running and my legs are hurting so it's time to go.

Brazilian soccer superstar Neymar has become the most expensive player ever.

Paris Saint Germain paid a whopping $330 million dollars to Spanish club Barcelona to get him on the team.

That's more than double the previous biggest transfer in soccer history.

Neymar himself will probably be earning about 60 million dollars a year with his new club and says he's pretty happy to be there.

The fans are excited, too.

Neymar even got his name on the Eiffel tower to mark the announcement!

And hundreds flocked to central Australia this weekend for a classic Aussie tradition.

The Harts Range Bush Sports Weekend has been going for 70 years and features some pretty unusual events like sack races, rolling tyre races and the always unpredictable lizard race.

Quiz

Next, we're going to answer one of your questions about rainbows.

But first, a quiz about them.

What was the name of the first scientist to study rainbows?

Einstein

Aristotle

Nobel

The answer is: Aristotle - he wrote about them in the year 350 BCE.

BTN Investigates - How is a rainbow made?

Reporter: Jack Evans

INTRO: Hi BTN, my name is Kayla and I go to Whitefriars Catholic School. My question is: Why are the colours of the rainbow in the specific order. I hope you can help about this beautiful and natural phenomenon.

Butler: Your tea Sir.

Jack: Yes good. Put it down, before you burn yourself.

Butler: Kind words Sir. What are you working on?

Jack: Do you like gold Johnson?

Butler: Of course, Sir!

Jack: Legend has it a pot of gold will appear at the end of any rainbow.

Butler: But Sir, no man has ever caught the end of a rainbow.

Jack: Not yet Bronson!

Butler: It's Johnson, Sir.

Jack: That's what I said.

Butler: Yes Sir.

Jack: Pack my bag Samson, I'll be heading into town at sunrise.

Butler: Yes Sir.

Jack: They say there's a Meteorologist that knows all there is to know about rainbows.

Butler: That's not a prop Sir.

Jack: Yes, I know.

Ah rainbows, the colourful arches that appear just as the rain is clearing. But how are they formed? Now I know it's got something to do with light, water and well a little bit of physics, but I'm hoping Sam from the Bureau of Meteorology will be able to tell me more.

JACK: Hello Sam.

Sam: Hi Jack, how are you?

JACK: I'm good.

Sam: Great jacket.

JACK: Thank you. But enough with the small talk, tell me about these rainbows.

Sam: So, rainbows are curved coloured lines that happen when sunlight hits rain droplets. Sunlight is made up of white light which contains all of the colours of the rainbow. When that light hits the droplet, it is broken up into its colours.

The light actually slows down when it enters the raindrop which makes it bend and split. This is called refraction. It splits into 7 different colours: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet or ROY G BIV for short. Each of those colours of light has a different wavelength which is why they separate.

JACK: Tell me Sam, why are the colours of a rainbow always in the same order?

SAM: They happen to be in that order because of how much they refract or bend in the droplet. Blue light is refracted more than red light.

That's because each wavelength moves at a different speed. Red is faster than orange, orange is faster than yellow and so on. Which means the colours of a rainbow will always be in the same order.

JACK: Now that that's out of the way, how do I catch this rainbow? I need to find the pot of gold.

SAM: Unfortunately, a rainbow is an optical Illusion, so it's special for you but it means you can never catch it.

JACK: So, I'll never find that pot of gold?

SAM: No, it'll keep running away from you.

Closer

And that's it for today!

But remember, there is always more to see and do on our website. Thanks for joining me I'll see you next week for more BTN.

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Episode 21

8th August 2017

Episode 21

8th August 2017

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Students will investigate the advantages and disadvantages of using alternative energies to power cars.

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Science – Years 5 & 6

Scientific knowledge is used to solve problems and inform personal and community decisions

Communicate ideas, explanations and processes using scientific representations in a variety of ways, including multi-modal texts

Science – Year 6

Electrical energy can be transferred and transformed in electrical circuits and can be generated from a range of sources

Science – Year 7

Solutions to contemporary issues that are found using science and technology, may impact on other areas of society and may involve ethical considerations

Design and Technologies – Years 3 &

Recognise the role of people in design and technologies occupations and explore factors, including sustainability that impact on the design of products, services and environments to meet community needs Years 3 & 4

Design and Technologies – Years 5 & 6

Examine how people in design and technologies occupations address competing considerations, including sustainability in the design of products, services, and environments for current and future use 

Structure of a persuasive text

Introduction

• What is the point you are trying to argue? Construct an introductory paragraph which states the issue or topic.

• Introduce the arguments that will be developed in the body of the text.

Body

• Construct arguments that support your point of view.

• Each paragraph starts with a topic sentence which introduces each point.

• The rest of the paragraph gives more reasons.

• Arguments can be ordered from strongest to weakest.

Conclusion

• Restate your position on the argument.

• Construct a concluding paragraph that provides a summary of your arguments and a call to action.

Tips for writing persuasive texts

• Who is your audience? For example, are you directing your argument at kids, teachers or politicians?

• Explore how language choices can have a big impact on persuading your audience.

• Which language devices give the report credibility and authority?

• Which are designed to create an emotional response in the listener?

• Provide facts and evidence to support your argument.

• Write in the present tense.

• Check your spelling and punctuation.

Use this Read Write Think persuasion map to plan your exposition text.

Episode 21

8th August 2017

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Students will develop a deeper understanding of deep sea creatures and how they have adapted to their environment.

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Science – Year 4

Living things depend on each other and the environment to survive (ACSSU073)

Living things have life cycles(ACSSU072)

Science – Year 5

Living things have structural features and adaptations that help them to survive in their environment(ACSSU043)

Science – Year 6

The growth and survival of living things are affected by physical conditions of their environment (ACSSU094)

Communicate ideas, explanations and processes using scientific representations in a variety of ways, including multi-modal texts (ACSIS110)

- What did you SEE in this video?

- What do you THINK about what you saw in this video?

- What does this video make your WONDER?

- What did you LEARN from this story?

- What was SURPRISING about this story?

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